DE102007000578A1 - Paper machine clothing, particularly press felt, is made of fibers, from one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes, and fiber titre of fibers from one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes is selected in range of certain decitex - Google Patents

Abstract

The paper machine clothing (10) is made of fibers, from one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes. The fiber titre of the fibers from one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes is selected in a range of certain decitex. The thermoplastic polyurethane is selected from polyurethane from ester base or ether base. A separating layer is provided, which is made of one or more polyamides or an olyamide. An independent claim is included for a method for manufacturing a paper machine clothing, particularly a press felt.

Description

The The invention relates to a paper machine clothing, in particular a press felt, and a method of making paper machine clothing, in particular press felts.

coverings for paper machines, especially for use in the wet end of a paper machine, are available in a variety of designs Previously known from the prior art. It is endless circumferential bands extending across the machine width extend and training and leadership of the paper web serve through the paper machine. Depending on the arrangement in the wet part can these are structured differently. A fundamental requirement to such clothing in the wet part is the fibrous web To drain as optimally as possible and a rewet To avoid the energy expenditure for getting to the wet part to keep subsequent drying as low as possible. In this case, the drainage takes place in press sections Applying pressure through the corresponding tape, the is called from the side supporting the fibrous web, which in terms of their arrangement as top or outside is referred to the opposite bottom or inside of the press felt. The top forms the fibrous web side Side and the bottom the drainage side.

In Conventionally, press felts are used on a Paper machine using support structures, such as For example, fabric, scrim or needled fibers produced. These fibers are usually constructed of polyamide, such as Polyamide-6 (PA 6, Perlon) or polyamide-6,6 (PA 6,6, nylon), wherein even small proportions of special fibers can be used, such as polypropylene, or other polymers.

In the following some suggestions from the state of the art will be explained:
From the publication EP 0 285 376 B1 is a nonwoven fabric, in particular a press felt, previously known, comprising spaced linear yarns extending in substantially the same direction, comprising a polymeric composite filler which bonds the yarns and at least partially wraps each yarn over its entire length. The polymeric composite filler includes recesses that are laterally offset from the filaments and extend throughout the composite filler. The composite filler, which acts as a matrix material in which the filaments are embedded or encapsulated, contains polyurethane or fluorinated polymer. Polyurethane itself was not available at the time, as explained in this document, in the form of fibers and / or filaments. However, the production of such textile composites is technologically complex. This is done by contacting the spaced filaments longitudinally with the composite filler as a liquid or plastic mass, passing the filaments and composite filler through a nip, and allowing the filament-filler mass to solidify, with the nip forming rolls facing each other at intervals axially and circumferentially spaced so as to form recesses in the composite filler in its passage. The resultant filament-filler mass may be additionally heated to melt the polyurethane sheath and to subsequently induce flow of the polymer in predetermined paths between the filaments to form a bond between adjacent filaments, followed by cooling. Due to the described construction, this textile composite has a relatively large thickness, leads due to its massive structure with recesses to high felt weights, is less flexible and costly.

Another embodiment of a paper machine clothing, in particular a press felt, goes out of the EP 1 127 976 A2 ( US Pat. No. 6,712,940 B2 ). This document describes a method for producing a papermaking belt comprising a support structure, a layer of fiber material on at least one paper contacting surface of the belt and a layer of thermoplastic material between the support structure and the layer of fiber material. Upon application of heat and pressure, the thermoplastic material is melted to pass outwardly through the fibrous layer from the interior of the belt and the layer of fibrous material is embedded in the thermoplastic material, rendering the structure substantially impermeable. By adjusting temperature (heat), pressure and duration of heating, the fiber distribution in the impregnated layer of the fiber material can be controlled to adjust the fiber density at the surface of the layer. The thermoplastic material is applied in the form of a layer, for example in the form of a porous membrane, to the surface of a press felt base fabric. The fibrous material may be placed in the form of a batt-wadding on top of the layer of thermoplastic material. The entire structure is preferably needled. The thermoplastic material is particularly preferably a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer.

Furthermore, from the WO 03/076046 an industrial fabric comprising a base layer, a fiber mat layer and at least one low-melting polymeric film layer, in particular of elastomeric thermoplastic polyurethane, wherein the polymeric layer is needled together with the fiber mat layer and then subjected to a thermal treatment to at least partially encapsulate the fibers and their crossing points of the fiber mat layer with polyurethane.

Furthermore, the describes US 5 508 094 ( EP 0 549 147 B1 a press blanket for the press section of a paper machine, the press blanket having a multilayer, compressible, resilient structure and three plies of weft yarns, one of the three plies comprising multicomponent yarns, the multicomponent yarns each having a plurality of load bearing portions while the remaining weft yarn in all three plies are monofilament yarns, the three plies of weft yarns forming an upper ply, a middle ply and a lower ply, the weft yarns in the lower ply comprise monofilament yarns of larger diameter than the monofilament yarns in each of the three other plies; and a first system of warp yarns which are warp yarns monofilament yarns interwoven with warp yarns of the first system with the weft yarns of the three layers of weft yarns in a repeating pattern so that the press cloth can be provided with an extremely fine paper-contacting surface with an open one non-paper contacting surface and a structure with adequate void volume for storing water squeezed from a paper web. The weft yarns are constructed of polyamide yarns and the warp yarns of polyester or polyamide yarns. Polyurethane coated multifilament and / or monofilament yarns are preferably described which are woven into the base structure which aid in dewatering and provide flexibility to the fabric.

The EP 0 741 204 B1 discloses a textile press fabric for a papermaking machine comprising at least one base fabric of interwoven, machine direction and cross-machine yarns, and at least one layer of wadding material. The layer of wadding material comprises 10 to 100% fibers of a bicomponent material having a core and a cover component, the cover component having a lower melting point than the core component. The base fabric and the layer of wadding material are joined and heat-set. The core material is for example selected from polyesters and polyamides, the cover material is for example selected from polyethylene, polypropylene and polyamides.

The US 4 565 735 relates to a felt for use in a papermaking machine comprising a base layer of a fabric in the form of a ribbon and a fiber mat having a major proportion of nylon fibers (discontinuous phase) having a relatively high melting point and a minor proportion of polypropylene fibers (continuous phase) having lower melting point. The continuous phase defines channels for drainage. The felt is heated to a temperature between the melting point of the propylene fibers and nylon fibers to melt the propylene fibers to result in bonding with the remaining fibers and the base layer. From the felt, an endless belt can be produced.

The EP 0 987 366 A2 describes a press felt with improved drainage having at least 3 layers. The first layer is a fabric, the second layer is an absorber layer comprising, for example, one or more layers of fiber mat material, and the third layer may be selected from a fine fabric, a porous layer or a porous film obtained by heating a fusible powder material. which has been applied to the paper side surface of the third layer.

The WO 95/28519 relates to a papermaker's fabric comprising one or more base sheets and at least one staple fiber layer, wherein at least one of the layers comprises self-crimping fibers of helical configuration. The fibers also include 2 polymers with different melting points, such as different polyesters.

One important reason of the use of polyamide fibers in the state of Technique is the good fibrillation resistance, however is the anchoring of these fibers in the overall composite of the press felt always difficult. Through during the use of the final product permanently acting forces become fibers from the composite worked out, if there is only a mechanical connection, and the fibers are reoriented in position. To get around this In the past, coatings were used repeatedly, which significantly improved fiber anchoring. These have the added effect of having the return behavior improve significantly, but this effect is not permanent.

Farther An attempt was made to ensure the adhesion of the fibers through the use of To increase melt adhesive levels; this became for example in hot-melt adhesive fibers or biko fibers (two-component fibers, z. As core-sheath fibers) tries.

however has also shown here that the creep rupture strength is not could be achieved to a sufficient degree.

When using standard polyamide-Fa Consequently, fiber loss occurs, together with a loss of internal volume and, as a result, a non-constant performance characteristic of the press felt over the installation time.

It There is therefore a need to improve the known technology.

Of the The invention is therefore based on the object, a paper machine clothing, in particular a press felt of the type mentioned in the beginning to further develop that in addition to the known high demands on a press felt, such as a high water absorption capacity and good water carrying capacity through a high recoverability / recovery / recovery the individual fibers after passing through a press nip, over a practically constant performance during the Installation time should have. Furthermore, in particular thin and / or high-density press felts for high loaded presses are provided, wherein also the total weight of the felt belts as possible should be kept low. The clothing should also by a cost-effective method can be produced.

The solution according to the invention is characterized by the features of claims 1 and 28 characterized. Advantageous versions are described in the subclaims.

According to the invention instead of polyamide fibers in the production of press felts fibers, containing or consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane (hereinafter abbreviated as TPU). These TPU fibers can during or after the manufacturing process in usual Be (further) processed and / or treated. For example The TPU fibers can be fused together and anchored These can be needled and fused, or just needled.

If Polyurethane is used in the hitherto known state of the art, then in the form of a fusible material intended to be filled or matrix material makes the bond between the fibers, as Sheathing of fibers / yarns or as an intermediate layer or film in textile fabric. This film or this intermediate layer of polyurethane will then optionally melted by heat treatment and flows into adjacent layers to solidify there and form a composite or consolidate the existing composite. Polyurethane fibers have not hitherto been considered as part of papermachine clothing known. It has so far only been known by the company Freudenberg that these thermoplastic polyurethanes in a Heißformungsblasverfahren ("Hot melt blow system") lay down fibers to a fabric can.

The Thermoplastic polyurethane is not particularly within the scope of the invention limited. They are plastics or synthetic resins, which from the polyaddition reaction of a dialcohol (for example, long chain or short chain diols) with a polyisocyanate. Polyurethane can vary depending on the choice of the isocyanate and the alcohol Have properties. In particular, the used Polyols the properties of thermoplastic polyurethane. This is the case, because usually to achieve desired properties not adjusted the isocyanate component accordingly, d. H. chemical is changed, but usually the polyol component. For example, the mechanical properties may be dependent on the chain length and number of branches in the polyol to be influenced.

When preferably usable isocyanate components can be exemplified be called: diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI).

When Polyol starting materials are usually either Polyester polyols or polyether polyols used.

The Selection of the type of raw materials, the reaction conditions and the Quantities of the starting materials make it possible to determine the material properties to control the product, what the expert This technical field is known.

thermoplastic Polyurethanes are particularly advantageous as fiber material, since these with their property level the most diverse requirements combine such as: flexibility in a wide temperature range, high wear resistance, buckling and tear resistance (high tear and tear propagation resistance), good Resilience, good dynamic load capacity, oil, Grease and solvent resistance and hydrolysis resistance, especially with the polyether types.

thermoplastic Polyurethanes also have the advantage that they have a lower melting point have as z. As nylon fibers, which in the prior art in the Typically used to form diverse fibers. Nevertheless Polyurethanes have a melting point above 100 ° C. on, whereby continuous operation of the covering also with relative high temperatures is possible without the polyurethane melts during use.

Furthermore, elastomeric portions of the polyurethane can serve to maintain its original properties even after repeated Maintain melting / cooling cycles to a high degree. Furthermore, the high melt viscosity of the polyurethane prevents it from overflowing and liquefying at higher temperatures.

to Can use a variety of thermoplastic Polyurethanes, for example one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes, in particular selected from ester-based and / or ether-based Polyurethanes, as well as mixtures of 2, 3 or more thermoplastic polyurethanes.

thermoplastic Polyurethane is therefore due to its property profile in high Dimensions for use as fibers in papermachine clothing, in particular press felts, suitable.

The Anchoring the fibers to each other and in combination can be based on physical, done by mechanical and / or chemical means. Anchoring the Fibers on a physical path can be, for example, by means of thermal Processes such as fusing / melting due to the present Material properties are made or by using other materials and components which are accessible to a thermal process are. Anchoring by mechanical means may preferably by a mechanical process, such as needling. Also chemical Processes can be used to provide a suitable anchorage to achieve. Of course, also combined procedures possible in which physical, chemical and / or mechanical Operations such as hot calendering.

To In a particularly preferred embodiment, the Needles made of thermoplastic polyurethane of the invention directly needled. This is similar in technology according to the So-called "flow control" method performed so-called "flow control" method is a non-woven web consisting of polyamide or polypropylene, which is usually preconsolidated is on the substrate in the form of a single or multi-layered base fabric laid with or without fleece and these in a standard needle process connected with each other. Because these webs are not in the appropriate Width are available, these are queried and before the needling thermally connected together to form a tube.

Farther it may be advantageous if the inventive Press felts during the manufacturing process in the 'thermoplastic' Condition under pressure and heat treatment or only heat treatment to be compacted from the beginning to a high packing density achieve.

The Polyamide fibers used in the art usually move within the following titer groups: 200-100 dtex, 100-44 dtex, 44-14 dtex and 14 to 3.1 dtex. In individual cases Also, polyamide fibers can range from 1.7 to 1.0 dtex.

According to the invention by using thermoplastic polyurethane a significant extension of the titer range. So can very well now much finer titers are used. For example, the extension of the titer range to ≤ 1 dtex, where even significantly smaller titers can be set, for example ≤ 0.5 dtex or even smaller.

Next The titer can also be the fiber length for the function the fiber in the composite play a role. In the usual used Polyamide fibers are the fiber lengths usually in the range of about 60-120 mm. These values can occasionally exceeded or fallen short of. The fiber stack length of about 15 mm currently represents the lower limit to a flawless To ensure anchoring of the fibers in the composite.

The fiber lengths described with the fibers The present invention will now be well below. For example succeeds by the special way of anchoring the TPU fibers in a carrier described for polyamide fibers Fiber lengths to fall below that, for example, fibers Can be used for a relationship of fiber titer to fiber length of about 1/3 (ratio 1/3), preferably> 1/10. exhibit.

By the production process, it is also possible that the Fiber length of the TPU fibers according to the invention can be obtained much longer than the ones described above reachable 120 mm. Thus, according to the invention fiber lengths in the range of about 10 to about 300 mm.

For better processing and also anchoring of the usual polyamide fibers, these are sometimes provided with crimping (crimping / beating) in a 2- or 3-dimensional configuration. In addition, this crimping supports the recovery of conventional felts. Due to the preferably performed physical, mechanical and / or chemical anchoring of the TPU fibers, however, the preferred processing of the fibers according to the invention is different, so that a carding of the fibers is not necessary and the subsequent anchoring is guaranteed in the composite. This does not give rise to the need for crimping, as with other fiber materials, especially polyamide fibers. In addition, lead the material properties of the thermoplastic polyurethane to an increased compared to polyamides recovery. As a result, time-consuming and costly further and / or post-treatment steps have become superfluous according to the invention.

Next the use of the preferably uncrimped and preconsolidated TPU fibers also allow the use of crimped TPU staple fibers. Especially preferred are staple fibers with a 2 and / or 3d crimp from 1 sheet (crimp) / 10 cm to 10 sheets (crimp) / 10 cm.

The Fibers of the present invention can be used in paper machine clothing, in particular the press felt, in one or more layers at least in units. According to the invention is under a "situation" a surface education of nearly be understood in any form, for example, planar or may be curved, whose extension in length and width is greater than its thickness.

in principle it is advantageous if the fibers in / on a reinforcing Element on / be applied, which preferably in a position to is to pick up load. The reinforcing element is not according to the invention particularly limited and may, for example, one or more layers exhibit. According to a preferred embodiment the reinforcing element in the form of a carrier the fabric of the invention before.

The reinforcing element is, as well as the wearer, Not particularly limited according to the invention and may be any paper machine clothing known to those skilled in the art be usable location. The reinforcing element or the Base sheet of a paper machine clothing, in particular a press felt, preferably comprises at least one sheet in the form of a woven, knitted, laid or a group of threads, optionally unidirectionally or multidirectionally oriented, or a Combination of these. The reinforcing element can be single-layered be executed or consist of several layers.

The Fibers made of thermoplastic polyurethane may be part of be the wearer or applied to this. ever after arrangement, processing and proportion of fibers made of thermoplastic Polyurethane in the carrier can be the specific one Properties of the carrier are set.

To a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention contains the reinforcing element, in particular the carrier itself, at least in proportions thermoplastic Polyurethane or consists of it. This achieves an improved Matching the material properties of the fibers used made of thermoplastic material.

The TPU fibers of the invention are preferably in one or more Fleece layers provided and are, optionally together with a or several other layers in between, above and / or underneath, part of a carrier of a paper machine clothing or, optionally together with one or more other layers in between, above and / or below, on a support applied. The other layers are not according to the invention particularly limited and in the context of paper machine clothing freely selectable.

To Another preferred embodiment only portions of a fiber support may be formed by TPU fibers to As a result, set the properties of the Be voltage targeted, for example to create a stable inner volume ("void volume") selected positions and / or layers in the fabric to achieve.

To In a preferred embodiment, the carrier also serve a closable on the paper machine Form seam. This can be for example a single mono fabric with a flexible Stecknahtverbindung or a Webnahtverbindung be.

in the Generally, in the invention Covering Shore A hardnesses in the range of about 20 to about 100, preferably about 40 to about 85 can be achieved. The stretching may be in the range of about 100 to about 800%, preferably about 200 to about 600% can be set.

In order to be able to combine properties of different materials and thus achieve an improved coordination of the properties, it is also possible to use mixtures of different fibers. According to a further variant of the invention, a nonwoven layer containing fibers of thermoplastic polyurethane can thus be processed with fiber material containing or consisting of one or more other polymer materials. For example, a nonwoven layer containing fibers of thermoplastic polyurethane, with fiber material containing or consisting of polyamide fiber material, are processed in spiraling layers. This is done in a similar manner in the so-called Beltex method. In the Beltex process, fibers are coiled longitudinally next to one another and overlapped and needled with simultaneous transport in the y-direction (transverse) to form a tube which can then be applied to a substrate. This method can now by the supply of threads he be extended.

The Fibers can also be selected by selecting special processing methods be subjected to a mixing effect. For example, using a needling also a mixture of the existing fibers be achieved.

On Reason of the property of the TPU fibers to be thermoplastic can these fibers during thermal processes in the manufacturing process partially or completely melted / fused, so that they have their original structure partially or completely to lose. This can be used to improve the composite and be used to modify the properties.

The thermoplastic property of the polyurethane used can also be used to the surface properties of the invention Covering, in particular the press felts to optimize. For this purpose can it may be appropriate to use different thermoplastic Select and use polyurethanes. For example This can positively influence the recovery become. The thermoplastic polyurethanes can, for example be selected such that another thermoplastic Polyurethane is used in the area of the surface to give the surface special properties. For example This makes it possible to "smooth" the surface.

The inventive fabric can be both seam as well as endless. It can a two-ply, three-ply, four-ply, five-ply or are made of multi-layered construction.

object The invention also relates to the described fibers of one or several thermoplastic polyurethanes.

In general, the present invention can also be combined, modified or optimized with various other technologies. Examples include: The "flow control" method, which has already been explained, polymer deposition in and on press felts ("E process"), spiraling on a Beltex plant for fibers, filaments and substrates (Arcus I and II), Printflex Technology (providing specially modified press felt surfaces), Vector ^™ technology (use of multiaxial coarse fibers in the structure), seam felting, yarn twisting processes on substrates, and the like.

A Optimization option is, for example, the so-called. "Flow Control. "This technology optimizes drainage performance a press by minimizing rewet. This can by significantly increasing the dry matter - depending quality and machine configuration - a significant one Have an influence on the machine running behavior. This is achieved through deliberate regional influence on the flow resistance of the prevents the liquid from flowing back and thus contributes to the reduction of rewetting.

As an example of the optimization or modification options described above, a variant of the invention will be explained in detail below. This is the technology within the Printflex product range:
Thus, according to this embodiment of the invention, the fibers of thermoplastic polyurethane in a nonwoven layer, in particular coarse nonwoven layer, the paper machine clothing according to the invention, in particular of the press felt, are present. The nonwoven layer particularly preferably comprises fractions of more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, particularly preferably more than 70%, very preferably more than 80%, in particular more than 90%, of fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the nonwoven layer consists of 50 to 100%, preferably 60 to 100%, more preferably 70 to 100%, most preferably 80 to 100%, in particular 100% of thermoplastic polyurethane fibers.

Of the Term "coarse nonwoven layer" means in the context of the present Invention a nonwoven layer with a titer of over 44 dtex.

Preferably Accordingly, the titer of the nonwoven layer is in the range of more than 44 dtex selected. Particularly preferred are the fibers made of thermoplastic polyurethane of the nonwoven layer a titer between 22 dtex and 220 dtex, preferably 45 to 140 dtex, especially preferably 67 to 100 dtex.

Particularly preferably, the nonwoven layer has a weight in the range of about about 150 g / m ² to about 800 g / m ² , preferably about 200 g / m ² to about 700 g / m ² , most preferably about 300 g / m ² to about 600 g / m ² , in particular about 450 g / m ² .

The Inventive nonwoven layer can in combination be present with a reinforcing element, which as Carrier may be formed. The reinforcing Element may be selected from at least one sheet in the form of a woven, knitted, laid or a group of threads, if appropriate unidirectional or multidirectional, or a combination of these. The reinforcing element may, for example, a seam felt base fabric represent.

The Nonwoven layer according to the invention may be one in the Structure of the paper machine clothing, in particular of the press felt, integrated situation. The nonwoven layer can be formed one or more layers be. The fibers of the individual layers can be aligned be. Particularly preferred are the fibers of the individual layers in Aligned so that they are a slight angle to the later machine direction of the clothing and a biaxial plant have.

To A most preferred embodiment is at least two needled nonwoven layers consisting of coarse nonwovens non-continuous thermoplastic polyurethane fibers the paper side of a carrier provided.

To Another preferred embodiment the nonwoven layers directly to each other or separated by a or multiple layers of each other. Particularly preferably, the Nonwoven layers separated by one or more layers. The existing nonwoven layers can be the same or different be. Preferably, at least 2 nonwoven layers are provided which are differ in terms of dtex numbers.

is the nonwoven layer formed multi-layered, so can the individual Layers separated by one or more separation layers. This separation layer (s) can also be selected its made of nonwoven layers that are a different polymeric material than the thermoplastic Polyurethane, which for the fibers of the invention Nonwoven layer (s) is used. For example, can (can) the release liner (s) one or more polyamides or a polyamide-containing Have or consist of composition.

The Polyamide can be selected for example from polyamide-6,6, Polyamide-6, polyamide-6,10, polyamide-6,12, polyamide-11, polyamide-12, copolymers, Terpolymers or mixtures of these. The concrete selection depends from the required property of the respective clothing. It is within the skill of one of ordinary skill in the art, a polyamide or a mixture of polyamides in a suitable manner, depending on the application and purpose according to the invention according to select.

The Inventive nonwoven layer (s), optionally along with one or more other layers in between, above and / or below, may be part of a carrier a paper machine clothing or on a support be applied.

The Inventive nonwoven layer can be a physical, be subjected to mechanical and / or chemical treatment. For example, can the nonwoven layer needled, calendered or fused / merged.

The Overall structure containing one or more inventive Nonwoven layers may be for use in a papermachine clothing a forest. This can be common Way, preferably by needling performed.

The variation of the invention described above represents an optimization of the present invention by means of the Printflex modification or Vector ^™ technology. The Vector ^™ layer originally developed in the USA, which is manufactured mainly from coarse fibers with a linear density of> 67 dtex, was conceived, to at least partially replace the so-called Spectra ^TM membrane. The technology of the Spectra ^™ membrane is based essentially on polyurethane components or other polymer networks in a felt in the form of a porous membrane. Although this technology based on the Spectra ^™ membrane provides a large number of advantages with respect to dewatering / marking / vibration when used in paper machine clothing, in particular in the form of press felts, it is based on a very complicated process. The production here comprises the extrusion of sheath / core threads, subsequent unwinding of a gate on the 'membrane machine' and finally welding of the individual sections to a total width. This generates significant costs in the production process, which can not be compensated by the product price.

The Vector ^™ technology was designed to overcome these disadvantages and is based on a design whereby a tri-axial nonwoven micropolyamide substrate is integrated into a felt. However, the Vector ^™ technology also has significant drawbacks compared to the Spectra ^™ membrane, which are mainly manifested in the compression over time as well as the leaching out of individual fibers that can work out on the paper side.

Thus, it is possible with the described optimization variant according to the invention in a surprising manner to combine advantages of the above-described technology of the Spectra ^™ membrane and the Vector ^™ layer, but without having to accept the disadvantages described.

object The invention also relates to a method for producing a papermachine clothing, in particular a press felt, comprising providing at least one layer in proportions with thermoplastic polyurethane fibers.

From particular advantage for the invention The method is that according to the invention a conventional Process for producing coverings, in particular press felts, be used under relatively minor adjustment can. After providing and stacking the respective layers For example, the structure may be one or more conventional processing steps be subjected.

The Fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes can by a physical, mechanical and / or chemical process anchored.

The Anchoring the fibers of thermoplastic polyurethane with each other and in combination usually takes place on physical Ways through, for example, thermal processes, such as fusing / melting due to the material properties of the fibers or by use other materials and components requiring a thermal treatment enable. A mechanical anchoring can, for example done by needling. Also, chemical processes can be used to achieve a suitable anchorage. Further Combined methods are possible, such as a Hot roll.

To In a particularly preferred variant, the fibers be directly needled from thermoplastic polyurethane. This is similar to the "flow control" method carried out, as already explained.

Preferably The fibers may be made of thermoplastic polyurethane during the manufacturing process of a pressure and / or heat treatment be subjected to partial or complete melting / fusing to be, so that this partially their original structure or lose completely. This can be advantageous be used to a compacting, to one from the beginning to achieve high packing density.

advantageously, There is also the possibility to mix different Fibers or special processing methods of the fibers to select such that a mixing effect of the fibers results. For example, using a needling can also a mixture of existing fibers can be achieved.

The advantages that can be achieved with the present invention are extremely complex:
Thus, the clothing provided according to the invention to a great extent meets the requirements of a papermachine clothing: It provides a good liquid absorption capacity with low flow resistance and the largest possible free volume within the papermachine clothing for liquid absorption. The use of polyurethane fibers in papermachine clothing, in particular in press felts, offers the advantage that, compared with other polymers used in clothing, a virtually constant performance characteristic can be provided over the installation time. In particular, highly stressed presses can be equipped in a satisfactory manner with the fabrics according to the invention. Further properties resulting from properties of the fiber material, such as basis weight, titer, fiber length and the like, can be additionally influenced by the selection of the starting materials for the polyurethanes, the type of polyurethane used, mixtures of several polyurethanes, in particular tailored to the desired requirements , The larger titre ranges and fiber lengths available now allow much greater variability in properties and modifications. Furthermore, the use of the combination of thermoplastic polyurethane fiber material according to the invention and one or more already known optimization or modification technologies makes it possible to optimize the properties of the paper machine clothing, in particular a felt belt, which can be appropriately controlled or adjusted.

By the fabric of the invention can Significant improvements in drainage, surface texture the paper web, production output and fabric wear become. By the structure according to the invention can the fibrous web is optimally dewatered and a rewet be avoided to reduce the energy required for the subsequent Keep drying to a minimum. The string has a relatively low weight with a very high restoring force in the Z direction. The improved resilience (Restoring force) and the achieved elastic properties The stringing means that the strength is low can be maintained and the drainage effect in the nip and longevity on the paper machine can be improved.

ever after execution of the paper machine clothing, in particular of the press felt, by providing different Layers containing or consisting of TPU fibers, and / or different Liners different properties at the top and bottom and adjusted in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction become.

Preferably, the nonwoven layer containing or consisting of TPU fibers, either part of a reinforcing element, in particular a carrier, or part of one with the reinforcing kenden element, in particular carrier, connected tissue. Depending on the arrangement in the surface basic structure of the carrier thus specific properties of the carrier can be adjusted specifically.

According to the invention Accordingly, a high-performance felt for use in paper machines of different Working speeds, in particular for highly loaded presses, made available.

following the present invention will be explained with reference to figures, which illustrate the teaching of the invention, but they should not be limited.

1 illustrates in schematic simplified representation by way of example a possible variant of an embodiment according to the invention in cross section;

2 illustrates in schematic simplified representation by way of example a further possible variant of an embodiment according to the invention in cross section;

3 illustrates in schematic simplified representation by way of example a further possible variant of an embodiment according to the invention in cross section;

4 illustrates in schematic simplified representation by way of example a further possible variant of an embodiment according to the invention in cross section; and

5 illustrates in a schematically simplified representation of the structure of a fabric according to the invention.

1 illustrates in schematic simplified representation by way of example a possible variant of an embodiment according to the invention in cross section. The covering 10 , in particular the press felt 12 The invention has in this case in case of a laminate layer 22 on which a fleece layer 50 containing at least portions of fibers of thermoplastic polyurethane or consisting thereof. The thermoplastic polyurethane may be selected from a polyurethane or a mixture of polyurethanes, particularly preferred are polyurethanes based on ether and / or ester, ie such polyurethanes with polyester polyols and / or polyether polyols as starting materials. The actual selection depends on the required properties of the respective fabric.

According to the invention, by using thermoplastic polyurethane, a significant extension of the titer range of the fibers can be made available. Thus, it is now also possible to set very fine titers which were previously unavailable in the prior art. The fleece layer 50 may comprise fibers having a titer range of from about 200 to less than 0.2 dtex. In some cases, titer ranges from 0.02 to 0.2 dtex can be provided. The fiber length can likewise be varied in significantly larger ranges than in the case of polyamide fibers. Thus, the fiber length may be in the range of about 10 to 300 mm. The given values can occasionally be exceeded or fallen below. Nevertheless, a perfect anchoring of the fibers in the composite can be ensured. The fibers preferably have a ratio of fiber titer to fiber length of about 1/3 (ratio 1/3), more preferably a ratio of> 1/10. The actual selection depends on the required properties of the respective fabric.

The fibers can be on the nonwoven layer 50 be anchored to each other and in the composite by physical, mechanical and / or chemical means. In the example case of the shown 1 For example, the thermoplastic polyurethane fibers of the invention are needled directly onto the sheet.

The fleece layer 50 can be single or multi-layered. There are 4 layers here 50.1 . 50.2 . 50.3 . 50.4 comprising portions up to 100% per ply of thermoplastic polyurethane fibers. Of course, all layers may have different or equal proportions of TPU fibers and / or all layers may comprise the same thermoplastic polyurethane or different polyurethanes and / or different mixtures of polyurethanes. The fleece layers 50.1 . 50.2 . 50.3 . 50.4 may be the same or different and differ with respect to one or more parameters, such as different titre numbers, fiber lengths, processing steps, and the like. In the 1 illustrated nonwoven layer 50 is for example one on a Beltex plant by spiraling 4 layers 50.1 . 50.2 . 50.3 . 50.4 needled laminate made with conventional polyamide fibers 55 , This has the advantage that properties of different materials can be combined in order to achieve an improved matching of the properties.

The fleece layers 50.1 . 50.2 . 50.3 . 50.4 can be in or on a reinforcing element 60 be applied or applied. In 1 is the fleece layer 50 on a reinforcing element 60 applied. The reinforcing element can likewise have one or more layers and is, for example, a fabric in the form of a woven fabric, knitted fabric, fabric or a group of threads, if appropriate unidirectionally or multidirectionally oriented, or a combination of these. The concrete selection depends on the Required properties of the respective clothing from.

Immediately under the fleece layer 50 , optionally separated by one or more layers, is a basic structure 80 provided, which may be again one or more layers. This is followed by the bottom, optionally separated by one or more layers, another layer 100 for example, with a coarse fiber structure.

Immediately above the fleece layer 50 , optionally separated by one or more layers, is a layer 80 provided with coarse fibers, which may be one or more layers again. This is followed by the top of the fabric, optionally separated by one or more layers, another layer 75 For example, with a fine fiber structure. This location 75 can again be formed one or more layers.

2 illustrates in schematic simplified representation another possible embodiment of the invention in cross section. In this figure, the TPU fiber-containing layer 50 between 2 basic structures 80.1 . 80.2 incorporated. In detail shows 3 the clothing 10 , in particular the press felt 12 of the invention comprising a laminate sheet 22 which is a nonwoven layer 50 containing at least portions of fibers of thermoplastic polyurethane or consisting thereof. The thermoplastic polyurethane can be selected from one or more polyurethanes, or a mixture of polyurethanes can be used; particularly preferred are ethereal and / or ester-based polyurethanes, ie such polyurethanes with polyester polyols and / or polyether polyols as starting materials , The actual selection depends on the required properties of the respective fabric.

The Titerbereiche and fiber lengths move in the described Areas. The fibers preferably have a ratio of Fiber titer to fiber length of about 1/3 (ratio 1/3), more preferably a ratio of> 1/10 on. The concrete selection depends on the required Properties of the respective clothing from.

The fleece layer 50 can be single or multi-layered. In 2 is the fleece layer 50 one layer. The fleece layer 50 is here on a reinforcing element 60 applied. The reinforcing element can likewise have one or more layers and is, for example, a fabric in the form of a woven fabric, knitted fabric, fabric or a group of threads, if appropriate unidirectionally or multidirectionally oriented, or a combination of these.

The fibers of the nonwoven layer 50 were partly melted / fused by the thermoplastic property of the TPU fibers during the manufacturing process, so that they have partially lost their original structure. This serves in the present case to improve the composite.

The fleece layer 50 is between 2 basic structures 80.1 . 80.2 intended. These basic structures can be single or multi-layered. These may have the same or different materials and / or parameters, or may differ in one or more parameters. For example, the two basic structures can be selected from woven, knitted, laid, nonwoven or the like. For example, the basic structures can differ with respect to their basis weight and / or their dtex number. This depends on the desired properties, which should have the fabric of the invention.

Immediately below the lower basic structure 80.2 , optionally separated by one or more layers, closes to the bottom, optionally separated by one or more layers, another layer 100 for example, with a coarse fiber structure.

Immediately above the basic structure 80.1 , optionally separated by one or more layers, is a layer 70 provided with coarse fibers, which may be one or more layers again. This is followed by the top of the fabric, optionally separated by one or more layers, another layer 75 For example, with a fine fiber structure. This location 75 can again be formed one or more layers.

3 illustrates in schematic simplified representation another possible embodiment of the invention in cross section. In the layer structure shown different layers are combined with fibers made of thermoplastic polyurethane in a structure. In this figure, the TPU fiber-containing layer 50 again between 2 basic structures 80.1 . 80.2 incorporated. In detail shows 3 the clothing 10 , in particular the press felt 12 the invention, comprising a La minatlage 22 which is a nonwoven layer 50 containing at least portions of fibers of thermoplastic polyurethane or consisting thereof. The thermoplastic polyurethane can be selected from one or more polyurethanes, or a mixture of polyurethanes can be used; particularly preferred are ethereal and / or ester-based polyurethanes, ie such polyurethanes with polyester polyols and / or polyether polyols as starting materials , The actual selection depends on the required properties of the respective fabric.

The Titerbereiche and fiber lengths move in the described Areas. The fibers preferably have a ratio of Fiber titer to fiber length of about 1/3 (ratio 1/3), more preferably a ratio of> 1/10 on. The concrete selection depends on the required Properties of the respective clothing from.

The fleece layer 50 can be single or multi-layered. In 2 is the fleece layer 50 two layers. The fleece layer 50.1 . 50.2 is here on a reinforcing element 60 applied. The reinforcing element can likewise have one or more layers and is, for example, a fabric in the form of a woven fabric, knitted fabric, fabric or a group of threads, if appropriate unidirectionally or multidirectionally oriented, or a combination of these. The actual selection depends on the required properties of the respective fabric.

The first fleece layer 50 . 50.1 . 50.2 is between 2 basic structures 80.1 . 80.2 intended. These basic structures can be single or multi-layered. These may have the same or different materials and / or parameters or may differ with respect to one or more parameters. For example, the two basic structures can be selected from woven, knitted, laid, nonwoven or the like. For example, the basic structures can differ with respect to their basis weight and / or their dtex number. This depends on the desired properties, which should have the fabric of the invention.

Immediately below the lower basic structure 80.2 , optionally separated by one or more layers, closes to the bottom, optionally separated by one or more layers, another layer 100 for example, with a coarse fiber structure.

Immediately above the basic structure 80.1 , optionally separated by one or more layers, is a layer 70 provided with coarse fibers, which may be one or more layers again. This is followed by the top of the fabric, optionally separated by one or more layers, another nonwoven layer 50 at. This second fleece layer 50.3 . 50.4 is in 3 formed two layers and contains at least portions of fibers made of thermoplastic polyurethane or consists thereof. The thermoplastic polyurethane may be selected from one or more polyurethanes. The one or more polyurethanes of the second nonwoven layer 50.3 . 50.4 may differ from the polyurethanes of the first nonwoven layer 50.1 . 50.2 differ or may be identical to these.

Furthermore, the first nonwoven layer 50.1 . 50.2 completely or partially identical to the second nonwoven layer 50.3 . 50.4 be or differ from this. For example, different fiber lengths, different titer ranges, or different processing may be used. Both fleece layers 50.1 . 50.2 . 50.3 . 50.4 can be on a reinforcing element 60 be upset. In the present case, only the first nonwoven layer 50.1 . 50.2 on a reinforcing element 60 applied, ie needled in the example with this.

Above the second nonwoven layer 50.3 . 50.4 can, optionally separated by one or more layers, another layer 75 For example, connect with a fine fiber structure. This location 75 can again be formed one or more layers.

4 illustrates in schematic simplified representation another possible embodiment of the invention in cross section. In the layer structure shown becomes a nonwoven layer 50 as topmost cover layer in a fabric 10 , in particular a press felt 12 , used. In detail shows 4 the clothing 10 , in particular the press felt 12 of the invention comprising a laminate sheet 22 which is a nonwoven layer 50 containing at least portions of fibers of thermoplastic polyurethane or consisting thereof. The thermoplastic polyurethane may be selected as described above. The actual selection depends on the required properties of the respective fabric.

The Titerbereiche and fiber lengths move in the described Ranges and also depend on the required properties the respective clothing.

The fleece layer 50 can be single or multi-layered. In 4 is the fleece layer 50 fünflagig. The fleece layer 50.1 . 50.2 . 50.3 . 50.4 . 50.5 This is not a reinforcing element here 60 applied. The fleece layer 50.1 . 50.2 . 50.3 . 50.4 . 50.5 has the function of a cover layer in the press felt 12 ,

The fleece layers 50.1 . 50.2 . 50.3 . 50.4 . 50.5 may comprise the same or different thermoplastic polyurethanes and / or may differ from each other in one or more parameters. For example, the individual layers can 50.1 . 50.2 . 50.3 . 50.4 . 50.5 differ in terms of their basis weight and / or their dtex number. This depends on the desired properties, which should have the fabric of the invention.

Immediately below the fleece layers 50.1 . 50.2 . 50.3 . 50.4 . 50.5 , optionally separated by one or more layers, one layer closes 75 at, which may have a fine fiber structure in the example case. This may, optionally separated by one or more layers, another layer 70 For example, connect with a coarse fiber structure.

Immediately below the location 70 , optionally separated by one or more layers, are 2 basic structures 80.1 . 80.2 provided, which may each be single or multi-layered. These basic structures may have the same or different materials and / or parameters or may differ from each other in terms of one or more parameters. For example, the two basic structures can be selected from woven, knitted, laid, nonwoven or the like. For example, the basic structures can differ with respect to their basis weight and / or their dtex number. This depends on the desired properties, which should have the fabric of the invention.

Immediately below the lower basic structure 80.2 , optionally separated by one or more layers, closes to the bottom, optionally separated by one or more layers, another layer 100 for example, with a coarse fiber structure.

5 illustrates in schematic simplified representation by way of example a possible variant of an embodiment according to the invention in cross section. In detail shows 5 a multi-layered structure 22 a stringing 10 , in particular a press felt 12 , the invention. In 5 is a fleece layer 130 , in particular coarse nonwoven layer, which has fibers made of thermoplastic polyurethane. Particularly preferably, the nonwoven layer comprises 130 Shares of more than 50%, preferably over 60%, more preferably over 70%, most preferably over 80%, in particular over 90% of fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes. The nonwoven layer can particularly preferably consist of 100% TPU fibers. The thermoplastic polyurethane may be selected from a polyurethane or a mixture of polyurethanes, particularly preferred are polyurethanes based on ether and / or ester, ie such polyurethanes with polyester polyols and / or polyether polyols as starting materials. The concrete selection of the polymer (s) depends on the required properties of the particular fabric.

There is also the possibility of other fibers than those of thermoplastic polyurethane in the nonwoven fabric 130 to use. Thus, different fibers can be combined on one layer or different fibers can be combined in different layers. This can also be achieved by appropriate processing.

The titer of the nonwoven layer 130 lies in the range of more than 44 dtex. The fleece layer 130 may have a weight in the range above about 150 g / m ² to about 800 g / m ² . This depends on the requirements of the fabric in each case.

The fleece layer 130 can be formed in one or more layers. The fibers of the individual layers can be aligned. Particularly preferably, the fibers of the individual layers may be oriented substantially so that they have a slight angle to the subsequent machine direction of the clothing and a biaxial system. The fleece layers 130 may have the same or different titers and / or total weights. The actual selection depends on the required properties of the respective fabric. In 5 is the fleece layer shown 130 single-layered.

The fleece layer 130 according to the invention, in 5 one in the structure of the paper machine clothing 10 , in particular of the press felt 12 , integrated location on. But this is not necessary in every case.

The nonwoven layer according to the invention 130 Can be combined with a reinforcing single or multi-layer element 140 . 150 . 160 be present, which may be formed for example as a carrier. In the 5 is a three-layer reinforcing element 140 . 150 . 160 provided, consisting of a coarse fleece layer 140 and 2 layers of finer fiber structure 150 . 160 is formed. The reinforcing element 140 . 150 . 160 but may also be single-layered or may have two or more than three layers; its structure is arbitrary. For example, a in the 1 to 4 be described structure or any other structure may be formed. For example, a seam felt backing fabric may be provided.

Above the fleece layer 130 can, optionally separated by one or more layers, another layer 120 , for example, with a fine fiber structure, connect. This location 120 can again be formed one or more layers.

Above the location 120 can, optionally separated by one or more layers, another layer 110 Again, for example, with a fine fiber structure, connect, which depends on the location 120 may differ with respect to properties, structure, composition and the like or not. This location 110 can again be formed one or more layers.

The examples given above only a small excerpt of the potential possibilities. The use and the structures can be selected and modified very diversely. It is understood that the specific selection of the layers, their structure, nature and properties depend on the required properties of the respective clothing.

The 1 to 5 clarify possible embodiments, but are not exhaustive and therefore not restrictive with regard to the scope of inventively executed layers, in particular coverings. Other possibilities of combinations of material and the arrangement are possible depending on the desired behavior and property profiles of the fabric to be formed.

10

covering

12

Press Felt

22

laminate structure

50, 50.1, 50.2, 50.3, 50.4, 50.5

nonwoven layer

55, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85

location

60 140, 150, 160

Splicing element

70 75, 100, 150, 160

location

80 80.1, 80.2

basic structure

130

nonwoven layer

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 0285376 B1 [0004]
• - EP 1127976 A2 [0005]
• - US 6712940 B2 [0005]
• WO 03/076046 [0006]
• - US 5508094 [0007]
• - EP 0549147 B1 [0007]
• - EP 0741204 B1 [0008]
• US 4565735 [0009]
• EP 0987366 A2 [0010]
• WO 95/28519 [0011]

Claims (39)

Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ) comprising fibers consisting of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber denier of the fibers is selected from one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes in the range of about 0.2 to about 200 dtex. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber denier of the fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes ≤ 0.2 dtex, preferably <140 dtex. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes have a fiber titer to fiber length ratio of about 1/3 (ratio 1/3), preferably> 1/10. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the composition of a single fiber consists of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes and / or that the composition ver different fibers consists of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes are present in one or more layers. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to claim 6, characterized in that the one or more layers have different proportions of fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes are selected from ester-based and / or ether-based polyurethanes. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes on / on a reinforcing element on / are applied. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to claim 9, characterized in that the reinforcing element is designed as a carrier. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the reinforcing element is selected from at least one fabric in the form of a Gewe bes, knitted fabric, Geleges or a group of threads, optionally uni- or multi-directionally oriented, or comprises a combination of these. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the reinforcing element is formed in one or more layers. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the reinforcing element contains at least portions of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes or consists of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the fibers represent crimped staple fibers with a 2 and / or 3d crimp of 1 sheet (crimp) / 10 cm to 10 sheets (crimp) / 10 cm. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the fibers represent mixtures of different fibers. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the fibers are mixed by selecting the processing method. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes in a nonwoven layer ( 130 ) are present. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to claim 17, characterized in that the nonwoven layer ( 130 ) at least in proportions above 50% fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes having a fiber fineness of more than 44 dtex. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 17 or 18, characterized in that the fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes have a fiber fineness between 22 dtex and 220 dtex, preferably 45 to 140 dtex, most preferably 67 to 100 dtex. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 17 to 19, characterized in that 50 to 100%, preferably 60 to 100%, particularly preferably 70 to 100%, very particularly preferably 80 to 100%, in particular 100% of the nonwoven layer ( 130 ) consists of thermoplastic polyurethane fibers. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the nonwoven layer ( 130 ) has a weight in the range of above about 150 g / m ² to about 800 g / m ² , preferably about 200 g / m ² to about 700 g / m ² , most preferably about 300 g / m ² to about 600 g / m ² , in particular about 450 g / m ² . Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the nonwoven layer ( 130 ) in combination with a reinforcing element. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 17 to 22, characterized in that the nonwoven layer ( 130 ) one in the structure of the paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular the press felt ( 12 ), integrated situation represents. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 17 to 23, characterized in that the nonwoven layer ( 130 ) is formed in one or more layers. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 17 to 24, characterized in that the nonwoven layer ( 130 ) is formed in several layers and the layers are separated by one or more separating layers. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to claim 25, characterized in that the separating layer (s) is (are) selected from one or more nonwoven layers with a material other than thermoplastic polyurethane. Paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 25 or 26, characterized in that the separating layer (s) comprises one or more polyamides or a polyamide-containing composition (s) or consists thereof (s). Method for producing a paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the fibers are anchored from one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes by physical, mechanical and / or chemical processes. Method for producing a paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to claim 28, characterized in that the fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes are thermally anchored by fusing / melting or by using other materials and / or components. Method for producing a paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to claim 28, characterized in that the fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes are mechanically anchored by needling. Method for producing a paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to claim 28, characterized in that the fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes by combined processes in the form of a combination of thermal loading with compression, such as hot calendering. anchored. Method for producing a paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 28 to 31, characterized in that the fibers of one or more thermoplastic polyurethanes are compacted by a pressure and / or heat treatment in order to achieve a high packing density. Method for producing a paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ), according to one of the preceding claims 28 to 32, characterized in that the fibers partially or completely melted / fused by a heat treatment, so that they lose their original structure partially or completely. Method for producing a paper machine clothing ( 10 ), in particular press felt ( 12 ) according to one of the preceding claims 28 to 32, characterized in that the fibers are mixed by selecting the processing method. Fibers of one or more thermoplastic Polyurethanes comprising a fiber titer in the range of about 0.2 up to about 200 dtex. Fibers according to claim 35, characterized the fiber titer is ≦ 0.2 dtex, preferably <140 dtex. Fibers according to claim 35 or 36, characterized that the fibers have a fiber titer to fiber length ratio of about 1/3 (ratio 1/3), preferably> 1/10. Fibers according to one of the preceding claims 35 to 37, characterized in that the or the thermoplastic Polyurethanes are selected from ester-based polyurethanes and / or Ether. Fibers according to one of the preceding claims 35 to 38, characterized in that portions of the fibers from a or more thermoplastic polyurethanes, the rest from another thermoplastic polyurethane or a mixture made of other thermoplastic polyurethane.