Classifications

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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
  • C10M133/56—Amides; Imides
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M141/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic nitrogen-containing compound
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
  • C10M159/12—Reaction products
  • C10M159/18—Complexes with metals
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/022—Ethene
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/30—Heterocyclic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
  • C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2227/09—Complexes with metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
  • C10N2030/42—Phosphor free or low phosphor content compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
  • C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines

Definitions

• the invention provides a lubricating composition containing a dispersant treated with copper to reduce the formation of high temperature insoluble solids formed during exposure of the composition to heat.
• the invention further relates to the use of the lubricating composition in an internal combustion engine.
• the invention further relates to a method of reducing insoluble deposits in an engine using said dispersant treated with copper and said lubricating composition.
• lubricants become less effective during their use due to exposure to the operating conditions of the device they are used in, including exposure to heat, oxygen, and partial combustion by-products generated by the operation of the device.
• engine oil becomes less effective during its use, in part due to exposure of the oil to acidic and pro-oxidant by-products.
• KHT Komatsu hot tube test
• ZDP dialkyldithiophosphate
• ZDP dialkyldithiophosphate
• Desirable lubricants may be low in one or more of phosphorus and sulfur
• the present invention relates to copper modified dispersants. These copper modified dispersant tend to minimize deposits formed as a result of oil insoluble oxidation products on the walls of glass tubes and engine components. These copper modified dispersants also increase the oxidation induction times of the formulated lubricant in tests like the SAE CECL85. [0008] It has now been discovered that the presence of copper, supplied for instance in the form of a reaction product of aminic (also known as ashless)
• dispersants and copper compounds such as Cu or Cu
• such materials as copper PIB-succinimide dispersants impart a beneficial effect in one or more of the Komatsu Hot Tube deposits screen test (KHT).
• the desired metal can be supplied as a Cu-modified dispersant, such as a succinimide dispersant, Mannich base, or hydrocarbyl based polymer dispersants.
• a Cu-modified dispersant such as a succinimide dispersant, Mannich base, or hydrocarbyl based polymer dispersants.
• Such materials may be prepared by forming a copper mixed anhydride between a copper sulfate or copper acetate and a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic anhydride, such as an alkenyl- or alkyl- succinic anhydride.
• the resulting copper- succinate intermediate may be used directly or it may be reacted with any of a number of materials, such as (a) a polyamine-based succinimide/amide dispersant having free, condensable -NH functionality; (b) the components of a polyamine- based succinimide/amide dispersant, i.e., an alkenyl- or alkyl -succinic anhydride and a polyamine, (c) a hydroxy-containing polyester dispersant prepared by the reaction of a substituted succinic anhydride with a polyol, aminoalcohol, polyamine, or mixtures thereof.
• a polyamine-based succinimide/amide dispersant having free, condensable -NH functionality
• the components of a polyamine- based succinimide/amide dispersant i.e., an alkenyl- or alkyl -succinic anhydride and a polyamine
• a hydroxy-containing polyester dispersant prepared
• the copper-succinate intermediate may be reacted with other agents such as alcohols, aminoalcohols, ether alcohols, polyether alcohols or polyols, or fatty acids, and the product thereof either used directly to impart copper to a lubricant, or else further reacted with the succinic dispersants as described above.
• agents such as alcohols, aminoalcohols, ether alcohols, polyether alcohols or polyols, or fatty acids
• a dispersant post-treated with metal 1 part (by mole) of copper sulfate, copper acetate, and/or copper hydroxide may be reacted with 2 parts (by mole) of a polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride at 1 10 - 155°C or in one embodiment 140-150°C, for 5 to 6 hours to provide a copper modified dispersant or intermediate.
• the resulting material (30 g) may be further reacted with a succinimide dispersant from polyisobutene- substituted succinic anhydride and a polyethylenepolyamine mixture (127 g + diluent oil) at 155°C for 1.5 hours, to produce a copper-modified succinimide dispersant.
• Dispersants are well known in the field of lubricants and include primarily what is known as ashless-type dispersants and polymeric dispersants. Ashless type dispersants are characterized by a polar group attached to a relatively high molecular weight hydrocarbon chain. Typical ashless dispersants include nitrogen-containing dispersants such as N-substituted long chain alkenyl
• succinimides having a variety of chemical structures including typically
• each R is independently an alkyl group, frequently a polyisobutyl group with a molecular weight of 500-5000, and R are alkylene groups, commonly ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) groups.
• R are alkylene groups, commonly ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) groups.
• Such molecules are commonly derived from reaction of an alkenyl acylating agent with a polyamine, and a wide variety of linkages between the two moieties is possible in addition to the representative imide structure shown above, including a variety of amides and quaternary ammonium salts.
• Succinimide dispersants are more fully described in U.S. Patents 4,234,435 and 3, 172,892.
• the invention further provides a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising the step of: supplying to the internal combustion engine the lubricating composition described herein.
• the lubricating compositions of the invention comprise an oil of lubricating viscosity.
• Suitable oils include both natural and synthetic oils, oil derived from hydro cracking, hydro gen ation, and hydrofinishing, unrefined, refined, re-refined oils or mixtures thereof.
• Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source generally without (or with little) further purification treatment.
• Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties.
• Purification techniques include solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation and the like.
• Re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils, and are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
• Natural oils useful in making the inventive lubricants include animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil,), mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
• animal oils e.g., castor oil,
• mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
• Synthetic lubricating oils are useful and include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized, oligomerised, or interpolymerised olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propyleneisobutylene copolymers); poly(l-hexenes), poly(l- octenes), trimers or oligomers of 1 -decene, e.g., poly(l-decenes), such materials being often referred to as poly a-olefins, and mixtures thereof; alkyl-benzenes (e.g., dodecylbenzenes, tetra-decylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)- benzenes); polyphenyls (e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls);
• hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized,
• diphenyl alkanes alkylated diphenyl alkanes, alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulphides and the derivatives, analogs and homologs thereof or mixtures thereof.
• polyol esters such as
• Priolube®3970 diesters, liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and the diethyl ester of decane phosphonic acid), or polymeric tetrahydrofurans.
• Synthetic oils may be produced by Fischer - Tropsch reactions and typically may be hydroisomerised Fischer-Tropsch
• oils may be prepared by a Fischer- Tropsch gas-to-liquid synthetic procedure as well as other gas-to-liquid oils.
• Oils of lubricating viscosity may also be defined as specified in April
• the oil of lubricating viscosity may be an API Group II or Group III oil. In one embodiment, the oil of lubricating viscosity may be an API Group I oil.
• the amount of the oil of lubricating viscosity present is typically the balance remaining after subtracting from 100 wt. % the sum of the amount of the compound of the invention and the other performance additives.
• the lubricating composition may be in the form of a concentrate and/or a fully formulated lubricant. If the lubricating composition of the invention (comprising the additives disclosed herein) is in the form of a concentrate which may be combined with additional oil to form, in whole or in part, a finished lubricant), the ratio of the of these additives to the oil of lubricating viscosity and/or to diluent oil include the ranges of 1 :99 to 99: 1 by weight, or 80:20 to 10:90 by weight.
• the present invention provides a lubricating composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and an additive comprising a dispersant treated with copper.
• the ashless dispersant reacted with copper hereinafter additive, may be present in a lubricating composition in a concentration from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent, more desirably from about 1 to about 5 weight percent, and preferably from about 1.5 to about 3.5 weight percent based on the total weight of the lubricating compositions.
• the amount of copper incorporated into the lubricant from treating the dispersant in the lubricating composition is from about 5, 6, or 7 to about 500 parts per million parts by weight (ppm) of lubricating composition, more desirably from about 5, 6, 8, or 10 to about 50, 100, or 350 ppm, and in one embodiment, from about 40 or 50 to 150 or 200 ppm.
• the ashless dispersant and the copper compound will be reacted together at temperatures of at least 100°C, more desirably at least 140°C for times such as desirably at least 1 hour and more desirably at least 2 or 4 hours so as to form a reaction product where a significant portion of copper is physically or chemically associated with the dispersant. While a reaction product is the desired result, it is acknowledge that some copper and some ashless dispersant may remain in the form of reactants that haven't been converted to associated materials.
• Suitable dispersants for use in the compositions of the present invention include succinimide dispersants.
• the dispersant may be present as a single dispersant.
• the dispersant may be present as a mixture of two or three different dispersants, wherein at least one may be a succinimide dispersant.
• the succinimide dispersant may be a derivative of an aliphatic polyamine, or mixtures thereof.
• the aliphatic polyamine may be aliphatic polyamine such as an ethylenepolyamine, a propylenepolyamine, a butylenepolyamine, or mixtures thereof.
• the aliphatic polyamine may be
• the aliphatic polyamine may be selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine,
• the dispersant may be a N-substituted long chain alkenyl
• N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimide examples include polyisobutylene succinimide. Typically, the polyisobutylene from which
• polyisobutylene succinic anhydride is derived has a number average molecular weight of 350 to 5000, or 550 to 3000 or 750 to 2500.
• Succinimide dispersants and their preparation are disclosed, for instance in US Patents 3, 172,892; 3,219,666; 3,316,177; 3,340,281 ; 3,351 ,552; 3,381 ,022; 3,433,744; 3,444,170; 3,467,668;
• Mannich base type Another class of ashless dispersant is Mannich base type. These are materials which are formed by the condensation of a higher molecular weight, alkyl substituted phenol, an alkylene polyamine, and an aldehyde such as formaldehyde. Such materials may have the general structure
• Another class of ashless dispersant is high molecular weight ester type. These materials are similar to the above-described succinimides except that they may be seen as having been prepared by reaction of a hydrocarbyl acylating agent and a polyhydric aliphatic alcohol such as glycerol, pentaerythritol, or sorbitol. Such materials are described in more detail in U.S. Patent 3,381 ,022 and 3,306,908.
• dispersants include polymeric dispersant additives, which are generally hydrocarbon-based polymers which contain polar functionality to impart dispersancy characteristics to the polymer.
• Dispersants can also be post-treated by reaction with any of a variety of agents. Among these are urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, nitriles, epoxides, boron compounds, and phosphorus compounds.
• agents include urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, nitriles, epoxides, boron compounds, and phosphorus compounds.
• compositions of the invention may optionally comprise one or more additional performance additives.
• additional performance additives may include one or more metal deactivators, viscosity modifiers, detergents, friction modifiers, antiwear agents, corrosion inhibitors, dispersants (other than the compound of the present invention), dispersant viscosity modifiers, extreme pressure agents, antioxidants, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents, and any combination or mixture thereof.
• metal deactivators viscosity modifiers
• detergents e.g., friction modifiers, antiwear agents, corrosion inhibitors, dispersants (other than the compound of the present invention), dispersant viscosity modifiers, extreme pressure agents, antioxidants, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents, and any combination or mixture thereof.
• dispersants other than the compound of the present invention
• dispersant viscosity modifiers e.g., extreme pressure agents, antioxidants, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour point depress
• the invention provides a lubricating composition further comprising an antiwear agent, a dispersant viscosity modifier, a friction modifier, a viscosity modifier, an antioxidant, an overbased detergent, or a combination thereof, where each of the additives listed may be a mixture of two or more of that type of additive.
• the invention provides a lubricating composition further comprising an antiwear agent, a dispersant viscosity modifier, a friction modifier, a viscosity modifier (typically an olefin copolymer such as an ethylene-propylene copolymer), an antioxidant (including phenolic and/or aminic antioxidants), an overbased detergent (including overbased sulfonates and phenates), or a combination thereof, where each of the additives listed may be a mixture of two or more of that type of additive.
• an antiwear agent typically an olefin copolymer such as an ethylene-propylene copolymer
• an antioxidant including phenolic and/or aminic antioxidants
• an overbased detergent including overbased sulfonates and phenates
• the lubricating composition of the invention further includes an antiwear agent such as a phosphorus-containing antiwear agent such as a dithiophosphate agent such as a metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate (typically zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP)), wherein the metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate contributes at least 100 ppm, at least 200 ppm, or at least 250 ppm, or 200 ppm to 1000 ppm, or 250 or 300 ppm to 800 ppm, or 300 or 400 ppm to 600 ppm of phosphorus to the lubricating composition.
• the lubricating composition is free of or substantially free (meaning less than 100, less than 50 or less than 20 ppm of phosphorus from a metal dialkyldithiophosphate such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate).
• the lubricating composition of the invention further comprises a dispersant viscosity modifier.
• the dispersant viscosity modifier may be present at 0 wt. % to 5 wt. %, or 0 wt. % to 4 wt. %, or 0.05 wt. % to 2 wt. % of the lubricating composition.
• Suitable dispersant viscosity modifiers include functionalized polyolefins, for example, ethylene-propylene copolymers that have been
• the dispersant viscosity modifier may include those described in U.S. Patent 4,863,623 (see column 2, line 15 to column 3, line 52) or in
• the lubricant composition has low level or is free of metals selected from the group of molybdenum, titanium, and boron.
• the lubricant composition has less than 100, less than 50, less than 20, less than 20 or 0 ppm of molybdenum based on the weight of the lubricant composition.
• Ppm is an abbreviation for parts by weight per million parts by weight of the total composition.
• the lubricant composition has less than 50, less than 30, less than 10, less than 5 or 0 ppm of titanium based on the weight of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant composition has less than 100, less than 80, less than 50, less than 25, less than 10, or 0 ppm of boron based on the weight of the lubricant composition. In one embodiment the limitations on molybdenum, titanium, and boron are all together applied to the composition.
• the invention provides a lubricating composition further comprising an overbased detergent.
• the overbased detergent may be selected from the group consisting of sulfur-free phenates, sulfur- containing phenates, sulfonates, salixarates, salicylates, and mixtures thereof.
• the overbased detergent may also include "hybrid" detergents formed with mixed surfactant systems including phenate and/or sulfonate components, e.g. phenate/salicylates, sulfonate/phenates, sulfonate/salicylates,
• the hybrid detergent would be considered equivalent to amounts of distinct phenate and sulfonate detergents introducing like amounts of phenate and sulfonate soaps, respectively.
• an overbased detergent may be sodium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts, or mixtures thereof of the phenates, sulfur containing phenates, sulfonates, salixarates and salicylates.
• Overbased phenates and salicylates typically have a total base number of 180 to 450 TBN.
• Overbased sulfonates typically have a total base number of 250 to 600, or 300 to 500.
• Overbased detergents are known in the art.
• the sulfonate detergent may be predominantly a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate detergent having a metal ratio of at least 8 as is described in paragraphs [0026] to [0037] of US Patent Publication 2005065045 (and granted as US 7,407,919).
• the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate detergent may be particularly useful for assisting in improving fuel economy.
• the linear alkyl group may be attached to the benzene ring anywhere along the linear chain of the alkyl group, but often in the 2-, 3- or 4- position of the linear chain. In some instances, the linear alkyl group may be attached in predominantly the 2- position, resulting in the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate detergent.
• the overbased detergent may be present at 0 wt. % to 15 wt. %, 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. %, 0.2 wt. % to 8 wt. %, or 0.2 wt. % to 3 wt. %.
• the detergent may be present at or 2 wt. % to 3 wt. % of the lubricating composition.
• the detergent may be present at 0.2 wt. % to 1 wt. % of the lubricating composition.
• the lubricating composition includes an antioxidant, or mixtures thereof.
• the antioxidant may be present at 0 wt. % to 15 wt. %, 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. %, or 0.5 wt. % to 5 wt. % of the lubricating
• Antioxidants include sulfurized olefins, alkylated diarylamines
• alkylated phenyl naphthyl amines typically those commercially available as Irganox® L 06 from CIBA, or alkylated diphenylamines such as dinonyl diphenylamine, octyl diphenylamine, dioctyl diphenyl amine), hindered phenols, molybdenum compounds (such as molybdenum dithiocarbamates), or mixtures thereof.
• the hindered phenol antioxidant often contains a secondary butyl and/or a tertiary butyl group as a sterically hindering group.
• the phenol group may be further substituted with a hydrocarbyl group (typically linear or branched alkyl) and/or a bridging group linking to a second aromatic group.
• hindered phenol antioxidants examples include 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert- butylphenol, 4-ethyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-propyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or 4- butyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, or 4-dodecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol.
• the hindered phenol antioxidant may be an ester and may include e.g., IrganoxTM L-135 from Ciba. A more detailed description of suitable ester- containing hindered phenol antioxidant chemistry is found in US Patent 6,559, 105.
• friction modifiers include long chain fatty acid derivatives of amines, fatty esters, or epoxides; fatty imidazolines such as condensation products of carboxylic acids and polyalkylene-polyamines; amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids; fatty alkyl tartrates; fatty alkyl tartrimides; or fatty alkyl tartramides.
• fatty as used herein, can mean having a C8-22 linear alkyl group.
• Friction modifiers may also encompass materials such as sulfurised fatty compounds and olefins, molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphates, molybdenum dithiocarbamates, sunflower oil or monoester of a polyol and an aliphatic carboxylic acid.
• the friction modifier may be selected from the group consisting of long chain fatty acid derivatives of amines, long chain fatty esters, or long chain fatty epoxides; fatty imidazolines; amine salts of
• the friction modifier may be present at 0 wt. % to 6 wt. %, or 0.05 wt. % to 4 wt. %, or 0.1 wt. % to 2 wt. % of the lubricating composition.
• the friction modifier may be a long chain fatty acid ester.
• the long chain fatty acid ester may be a monoester or a diester or a mixture thereof, and in another embodiment, the long chain fatty acid ester may be a triglyceride.
• corrosion inhibitors include those described in paragraphs 5 to 8 of US Application US05/038319, published as WO2006/047486, octyl octanamide, condensation products of dodecenyl succinic acid or anhydride and a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a polyamine.
• the corrosion inhibitors include the Synalox® corrosion inhibitor.
• the Synalox® corrosion inhibitor may be a homopolymer or copolymer of propylene oxide.
• the Synalox® corrosion inhibitor is described in more detail in a product brochure with Form No. 1 18-01453-0702 AMS, published by The Dow Chemical Company.
• the product brochure is entitled "SYNALOX Lubricants, High-Performance Polyglycols for Demanding Applications.”
• Metal deactivators including derivatives of benzotriazoles (typically tolyltriazole), dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives, 1 ,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2- alkyldithiobenzimidazoles, or 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles; foam inhibitors including copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate and vinyl acetate; demulsifiers including trialkyl phosphates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides and (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers; pour point depressants including esters of maleic anhydride-styrene, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates or polyacrylamides may be useful.
• Pour point depressants that may be useful in the compositions of the invention include poly(alphaolefins), esters of maleic anhydride-styrene, poly(meth)acrylates, polyacrylates or polyacrylamides.
• the lubricating composition may have a composition as described in the following Table 1 :
• the present invention provides a surprising ability to reduce high temperature deposit formation on walls of the reactor in the KHT test simply by modifying the dispersant with a few hundred ppm of copper.
• the invention provides a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising the step of supplying to the internal combustion engine a lubricating composition as disclosed herein.
• the lubricant is added to the lubricating system of the internal combustion engine, which then delivers the lubricating composition to the critical parts of the engine that require lubrication during its operation.
• the lubricating compositions described above may be utilized in an internal combustion engine.
• the engine components may have a surface of steel or aluminum (typically a surface of steel), and may also be coated for example with a diamond like carbon (DLC) coating.
• DLC diamond like carbon
• An aluminum surface may be comprised of an aluminum alloy that may be a eutectic or hyper-eutectic aluminum alloy (such as those derived from aluminum silicates, aluminum oxides, or other ceramic materials).
• the aluminum surface may be present on a cylinder bore, cylinder block, or piston ring having an aluminum alloy, or aluminum composite.
• the internal combustion engine may or may not have an Exhaust Gas
• EGR Recirculation
• the internal combustion engine may be fitted with an emission control system or a turbocharger.
• Examples of the emission control system include diesel particulate filters (DPF), or systems employing selective catalytic reduction (SCR).
• the internal combustion engine may be a diesel fuelled or biofuelled engine (typically a heavy duty diesel engine), a gasoline fuelled engine, a natural gas fuelled engine or a mixed gasoline/alcohol fuelled engine.
• the internal combustion engine may be a diesel fuelled engine and in another embodiment, a gasoline fuelled engine.
• the internal combustion engine may be a 2-stroke or 4-stroke engine.
• Suitable internal combustion engines include marine diesel engines, aviation piston engines, low-load diesel engines, and automobile and truck engines.
• the internal combustion engine of the present invention is distinct from gas turbine. In an internal combustion engine, individual combustion events which through the rod and crankshaft translate from a linear reciprocating force into a rotational torque. In contrast, in a gas turbine (may also be referred to as a jet engine) it is a continuous combustion process that generates a rotational torque continuously without translation and can also develop thrust at the exhaust outlet. These differences result in the operation conditions of a gas turbine and internal combustion engine different operating environments and stresses.
• the lubricant composition for an internal combustion engine may be suitable for any engine lubricant irrespective of the sulfur, phosphorus or sulfated ash (ASTM D-874) content.
• the sulfur content of the engine oil lubricant may be 1 wt. % or less, 0.8 wt. % or less, 0.5 wt. % or less, or 0.3 wt. % or less. In one embodiment, the sulfur content may be in the range of 0.001 wt. % to 0.5 wt. %, or 0.01 wt. % to 0.3 wt. %.
• the phosphorus content may be 0.2 wt. % or less, 0.12 wt.
• the phosphorus content may be 100 ppm to 1000 ppm, or 200 ppm to 600 ppm.
• the total sulfated ash content may be 2 wt. % or less, 1.5 wt. % or less, or 1.1 wt. % or less, 1 wt. % or less, 0.8 wt. % or less, 0.5 wt. % or less, or 0.4 wt. % or less. In one
• the sulfated ash content may be 0.05 wt. % to 0.9 wt. %, 0.1 wt. % to 0.2 wt. % or to 0.45 wt. %.
• the amount of sulfur from all the sulfur containing additives is from about 500 or 1000 to about 2500 ppm sulfur, based on the weight of the lubricant compositions, more desirably from about 500 to about 1500 ppm.
• the lubricating composition may be an engine oil, wherein the lubricating composition may be characterized as having at least one of (i) a sulfur content of 0.5 wt. % or less, (ii) a phosphorus content of 0.1 wt. % or less, (iii) a sulfated ash content of 1.5 wt. % or less, or combinations thereof.
• Polyethylene amine still bottoms 25 g, 34 wt. % N were added to the dropping funnel. The mixture was warmed to 1 10°C with stirring. The polyamine was added drop-wise to the sub-surface tube over 35 min. The temperature was increased to 155°C and the preparation was stirred for 5.25 h.
• Comparative Example 4 (CEX4): Synthesis of Ba-Containing Dispersant
• Example 8 (EX8): Dilution of Example 7 with Comparative Example 1 (50:50)
• Example 1 to see the effect of concentration of the metal treated dispersant.
• Example 9 Dilution of Example 7 with Comparative Example 1 (25:75)
• Example 1 to see the effect of concentration of the metal treated dispersant.
• Polyethylene amine still bottoms 43 g, 34 wt. % N
• the mixture was warmed to 1 10°C with stirring.
• the polyamine was added drop-wise to the sub-surface tube over 35 min. The temperature was increased to 155°C and the preparation was stirred for 5.25 h.
• Comparative Lubricant 1 contains Comparative Dispersant Example 1 which is a baseline that contains no succinimide dispersant post-treatment with a metal.
• Comparative Lubricants 2-5 (CL2-CL5) contain equivalent treat rates of
• Comparative Dispersant Examples 2-5 containing Al, La, Ba and Zn post- treatments, respectively. These metals have only one stable oxidation state.
• Lubricants 6-9 and 1 1 have different types or amounts of copper as a post treatment for the dispersant used in each example.
• Table 2 Formulas Tested (Treat Rates on Oil Free Basis).
• additives include friction modifier(s), foam inhibitor(s), and/or pour point depressant(s)
• Table 3 shows the KHT performance of the Lubricants from Table 2.
• the present invention encompasses lubricant composition prepared by admixing the components described above.
• hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art.
• hydrocarbyl groups examples include:
• hydrocarbon substituents that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic- substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
• aliphatic e.g., alkyl or alkenyl
• alicyclic e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl
• aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic- substituted aromatic substituents as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
• substituted hydrocarbon substituents that is, substituents containing non- hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, and sulphoxy);
• hetero substituents that is, substituents which, while having a predominantly hydrocarbon character, in the context of this invention, contain other than carbon in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms.
• Heteroatoms include sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and encompass substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl.
• substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl.
• no more than two, preferably no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; typically, there will be no non- hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group.

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