EP3026664A1 - Procédé et système d'atténuation phonique active - Google Patents
Procédé et système d'atténuation phonique active Download PDFInfo
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- EP3026664A1 EP3026664A1 EP14195457.8A EP14195457A EP3026664A1 EP 3026664 A1 EP3026664 A1 EP 3026664A1 EP 14195457 A EP14195457 A EP 14195457A EP 3026664 A1 EP3026664 A1 EP 3026664A1
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- sound
- sound source
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
- G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1787—General system configurations
- G10K11/17875—General system configurations using an error signal without a reference signal, e.g. pure feedback
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for actively suppressing sound from a plurality of primary sound sources by means of sound from a plurality of secondary sound sources, wherein each secondary sound source is assigned exactly one primary sound source, and a system for active suppression of sound by a method according to the invention.
- Active sound suppression systems and methods typically employ one or more secondary sound sources or secondary sound sources in the form of primary sound emitted by one or more primary sources or primary sound sources Speakers, one or more sensors and a control device which is connected to the speakers and the sensors.
- the control device controls the loudspeakers on the basis of the signals supplied by the sensors in such a way that the entire sound field generated by the combination of the primary sound source (s) and the loudspeakers is favorably influenced in terms of the target of the sound reduction.
- one or more sensors can be used to generate reference signals, on the basis of which control signals for the secondary sound sources are determined, and one or more further sensors can serve as error sensors, with the aid of which the quality of the control signals is checked and their determination is adjusted as needed.
- the desired influence of the sound field can be based on various physical mechanisms.
- sound In addition to the most well-known case of destructive interference, it is also possible for sound to be reflected at the locations of the secondary sound sources, for sound to be absorbed by the secondary sound sources and for the sound energy to be absorbed by the corresponding actuators is dissipated or that the primary sound sources and the secondary sound sources influence each other in such a way that the radiated from the combination of primary and secondary sound sources total sound power is minimized.
- the interference affects a reduction in the ability of sound sources to emit sound.
- the secondary sound sources reduce the effective resistance of the primary sound source by acting on the acoustic modes of the sound field or act on the air molecules located in front of the primary sound source, that they less resistance to the movement of the radiation surface of the primary sound source , There is always the difficulty that the contribution of the secondary sound sources to the sound field must not overcompensate the benefits achieved in a negative way.
- one known type of active noise reduction employs one or more error microphones as sensors, each of which locally measures the sound pressure produced by all existing sound sources, including the primary sound source and one or more secondary sound sources.
- the measurement results are processed by the control device, which then controls the secondary sound sources in such a way that the sound pressure at the microphones is minimized as far as possible by destructive interference and / or sound reflection at the locations of the secondary sound sources.
- This can be a local noise reduction can be achieved at the microphone positions.
- This principle which is an example of a sound pressure-based control, has the disadvantage that the local noise reduction at the microphone positions is generally accompanied by a noise amplification in other areas. Furthermore, only the local sound effect in the form of sound pressure is affected, without the cause in the form of sound power radiation to fight through the primary sound source.
- the microphones must also be distributed globally and the secondary sound sources must be arranged so that they can excite the same modes as the primary sound source. It is also problematic to take into account changing environmental influences in the implementation of the control. Further, because the microphones measure the overall sound pressure, these methods may fail in the presence of additional sources of noise since the controller can not account for the contribution of the various sound sources. Despite these drawbacks, controls based on sound pressure measurements are most commonly used because the necessary measurements are technically easy to implement.
- the radiated total active power of a pair of sound sources from a primary source and a secondary source is minimal if and only if the secondary source is driven in phase or phase opposition, or equal to or in relation to the primary source oscillates in phase opposition, and the secondary source emits no active sound power.
- the active sound power is the real part of the overall sound power usually represented by a complex size and corresponds to the actual net energy transport per second perpendicular to a surface, such as the emission surface of a sound source.
- the dummy sound power represented by the imaginary part of the total sound power is due to the energy transport through the medium mass, which is merely moved, but not compressed.
- the secondary source is driven either with a control signal for the primary source in the same or opposite phase (in the case of the former document) or an opposite in relation to the drive signal for the primary source drive signal (in the case of the latter document), so that The design uniformity can not be waived, and the amplitude of the drive signal for the secondary source is set manually.
- the sensors used are either a large number of microphones randomly distributed in space or a sound intensity sensor comprising two microphones spaced apart from each other. This means a relatively high amount of hardware.
- a system and method are known for actively suppressing sound from a primary sound source by means of a secondary sound source.
- the method described there can also be used for active sound suppression of a plurality of primary sound sources by a plurality of secondary sound sources, wherein each primary sound source is assigned exactly one secondary sound source.
- each primary sound source is assigned exactly one secondary sound source.
- the solution according to the invention is also intended to manage without primary equalization or tuning of the secondary sources to the respective primary sound sources and also a temporal change of the phase position between primary and secondary sound sources should be considered.
- the present invention achieves this object with a method of actively canceling sound from a plurality of primary sound sources by means of sound from a plurality of secondary sound sources, each secondary sound source being associated with exactly one primary sound source.
- a control amount for the secondary sound source is determined iteratively by the steps of determining a speed of each primary sound source Determining a speed and a sound pressure of each secondary sound source, determining a speed to be effectively suppressed for each secondary sound source, wherein the speed of a secondary sound source to be effectively suppressed next to the speed determined for the primary sound source associated with the secondary sound source concerned also the sound pressure and speed determined for all secondary sound sources except the relevant secondary sound source, and determining the manipulated variable for each secondary sound source such that ei The difference between the speed to be effectively suppressed for a secondary sound source and the speed determined for the secondary sound source.
- the plurality of primary sound sources may be different sound sources, each emitting separate sound.
- the plurality of primary sound sources are so-called elementary sound sources, into which a real sound source is thoughtfully decomposed, when the real sound source emits sound with different phases and / or in different directions.
- the secondary sound sources may be loudspeakers, and a secondary sound source may also be formed by a plurality of loudspeakers, which are all located at the same location and are controlled in the same way by the data processing device.
- Each of the secondary sound sources is assigned exactly one primary sound source.
- the number of primary sound sources whose sound is actively suppressed is thus less than or equal to the number of secondary sound sources.
- a primary sound source can thus also be assigned to a plurality of secondary sound sources.
- the number of primary sound sources is greater than the number of secondary sound sources.
- a primary sound source which is not dominant in relation to the other primary sound sources, need not necessarily be suppressed.
- each primary sound source, whose sound is to be actively suppressed is assigned at least one secondary sound source.
- the secondary sound sources are controlled with manipulated variables which are determined iteratively, ie in several successive steps, such that the sound of the plurality of primary sound sources is actively suppressed and the sound intensity of the sound emitted by the secondary sound sources becomes minimal, but not negative, ie is reduced to zero, and is preferably zero. If the sound intensity of the secondary sound sources becomes negative, the sound of the primary sound sources is absorbed and suppression of the sound of the primary sound sources can be achieved by maximizing the absorption.
- a fast or sonic fast is determined for each sound source.
- the determination of a sound velocity does not necessarily mean that the actual sound velocity is actually determined.
- the term fast in the sense of the present patent application includes not only the actual sound velocity, but also directly with these related variables, such as acceleration or acceleration of sound.
- an acceleration sensor can be used, which is arranged directly on the oscillating sound source, for example a diaphragm of a loudspeaker.
- a laser sensor with which an oscillating movement of a surface of a sound source is detected, wherein from the detected movement an acceleration or a rapid of the sound can be determined.
- a sound pressure is determined for each secondary sound source.
- microphones can be used, which are arranged directly in front of the respective secondary sound sources.
- a fast to be effectively suppressed is determined for each of the secondary sound sources.
- the vector a p ( k ) comprises the fast or accelerations determined for the primary sound sources.
- the i -th entry of the vector a p (k) is the Fast or acceleration, which has been determined for the primary sound source that has been assigned to the i th secondary sound source.
- a p ( k ) contains the speed or acceleration determined for a primary sound source several times, if the primary sound source is a plurality of secondary sound sources assigned.
- the determination of the fast to be effectively suppressed, more precisely of the real-valued factors ⁇ ( k ), is explained in more detail below by way of example in the form of preferred embodiments.
- the fast suppression of a secondary sound source to be effectively suppressed includes further contributions generated by the remaining secondary sound sources.
- the fast to be suppressed by a secondary sound source comprises the fast of the primary sound source associated with the secondary sound source concerned and contributions of all the other secondary sound sources that can be determined from the quick and sound pressures determined for all other secondary sound sources.
- the manipulated variable is chosen so that the difference or the difference between the fast to be effectively suppressed and the Schnellen determined for the secondary sound sources is smaller or minimized.
- the minimization of a difference comprises not only finding an absolute minimum of the difference, which in practice is hardly or at least difficult to achieve, but already finding a relative minimum of a difference, ie a reduction compared to another difference.
- the minimization can be done, for example, with an optimization method known from the prior art.
- a possible method according to the invention for minimizing the difference is explained in more detail below as a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the secondary sound sources are controlled with the control variables determined in this way.
- the difference between the speed of the secondary sound sources and the speed to be effectively suppressed is advantageously reduced and thus the sound emitted by the primary sound sources is suppressed.
- the sound intensity of the secondary sound sources is also reduced to zero.
- the interaction of the sound sources with each other is taken into account by the calculation of a fast to be suppressed by the respective secondary sound sources, taking into account the remaining secondary sound sources.
- the fast to be effectively suppressed are determined on the assumption that the sound intensity of each secondary sound source is zero. This assumption has been found to be particularly advantageous to account for interactions between the various secondary sound sources while minimizing the total radiated sound energy to zero. This creates an altogether less loud procedure.
- a transmission path matrix is used to determine the fast to be effectively suppressed, wherein the transmission path matrix can determine a portion of the one secondary sound source at the sound pressures determined for the secondary sound sources from a speed determined for a secondary sound source.
- the use according to the invention of a transmission path matrix makes it possible to calculate the sound pressure of the secondary sound sources from the speeds determined for the secondary sound sources.
- the transmission link matrix H pa ( k ) takes into account that the rapid and the sound pressure of the secondary sound source are not measured at the same location.
- the speed of a secondary sound source is measured directly on a diaphragm of a loudspeaker, for example by means of a laser sensor or a Hall probe, while the sound pressure is measured by means of a microphone which is arranged at a distance from the diaphragm.
- the transmission path matrix is thus an empirical quantity which describes a system of secondary sound sources and measuring devices and which, once measured, can be stored permanently in a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the transmission path matrix is used to subtract, from a sound pressure determined for a secondary sound source, the proportion due to the secondary sound sources to obtain the proportion of the sound pressure generated by the primary sound sources.
- a measured transmission distance matrix which is not determined solely by the theoretical model, is described below H ⁇ pa m referred to as.
- the transmission link matrix for each secondary sound source comprises a factor for correcting a phase difference between the sound pressure determined for a secondary sound source and the speed determined for the relevant secondary sound source.
- the factor according to the invention can be advantageously, for example, a transit time difference from a sound source Compensate for the different sensors, phase differences due to deviating quality of the sensors or phase differences due to different measurement methods in the determination of a sound pressure and a fast.
- the use of a factor for correcting a phase difference has been found to be particularly advantageous in the practical implementation of the method in order to actively actively suppress the sound generated by the primary sound source.
- H ⁇ pa m diag e - j ⁇ 1 k e - j ⁇ 2 k ... e - j ⁇ n k H ⁇ pa m k
- acceleration sensors with the same measurement principle are used to detect the fast of the primary and the secondary sound sources. Therefore, it is not necessary to compensate for a phase difference at the particular speeds because there is no phase difference between the sensors.
- a Filtered-Reference-Least-Mean-Square algorithm for the iterative determination of the manipulated variables.
- a reference in the Filtered-Reference least-mean-square algorithm an image of a fast one of the primary sound sources is used. The mapping takes place by means of a manipulated variable transmission matrix with which it can be determined which fast are generated by the secondary sound sources as a function of the manipulated variables.
- FxLMS Filtered-Reference Least-Mean Square
- w u is the manipulated variable determined in the previous step u
- ⁇ ( k ) is a weight with which the convergence speed of the filter can be set
- X (k) is a reference, for example a quick one of the primary sources superscript H denotes an adjoint, ie complex conjugate and transposed
- matrix and H ⁇ a m denotes the manipulated variable transmission matrix.
- each primary sound source is assigned exactly one secondary sound source.
- This preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is particularly economical, since the number of secondary sound sources and sensors required is minimal.
- the object underlying the invention is achieved by a system for active suppression of sound with a method according to one of the preceding embodiments.
- the system includes a plurality of sound pressure sensors, a plurality of primary speed sensors, a plurality of secondary speed sensors, a plurality of secondary sound sources, and a data processing device.
- the sound pressure sensors, the fast sensors and the secondary sound sources are functionally connected to the data processing device.
- the system is designed to determine the speed of the primary sound sources using the primary fast sensors.
- the system is further adapted to determine the sound pressure of the secondary sound sources by means of the sound pressure sensors.
- the system is configured to determine the speed of the secondary sound sources by means of the secondary speed sensors.
- the data processing device is configured to determine from the determined rapid and acoustic pressure manipulated variables for the secondary sound sources with a method according to one of the preceding preferred embodiments and to control the secondary sound sources with the specific manipulated variables.
- the system according to the invention comprises the means necessary for carrying out the inventive method.
- the step of determining can already be carried out directly by the sensors, which measure a quantity on the basis of which the respective value is determined.
- the sensors send only one measured value to a data processing device, which is evaluated in this to determine the required value or the required size.
- the data processing device may be, for example, a conventional computer or an integrated circuit.
- a data processing device can be set up for carrying out method steps, for example by uploading software, but also by means of corresponding hardware-related measures. Also, the data processing device can be formed by a plurality of separate data processing devices.
- one of the fast sensors is a laser sensor.
- Laser sensors allow a substantially instantaneous measurement of the acceleration of a sound source and thus the speed of the sound generated by the sound source, without a sensor would have to be attached directly to the sound source.
- a laser sensor for measuring a speed of a primary sound source can be arranged in a housing of a system according to the invention and measure the acceleration from a distance to the primary sound source. This eliminates the need for modifications to the primary sound source for mounting sensors.
- At least one primary and one secondary fast sensor from a laser sensor, wherein the one laser sensor both for determining a speed of a primary sound source as well as for determining a speed of the secondary sound source, the primary Sound source has been assigned, can be used.
- the same laser sensor is used to determine a speed of a primary sound source and a secondary sound source. This ensures that the same measurement procedure is used to determine the fastness of secondary and primary sound sources, and that no phase differences between measurement methods need to be compensated. This makes the implementation of the calculation method easier. Furthermore, can be dispensed with an additional fast sensor, which reduces the cost of a system according to the invention.
- At least one of the fast sensors is a Hall probe.
- a Hall probe is a particularly inexpensive embodiment of an acceleration sensor that can be used to determine a speed of a sound source.
- At least one of the sound pressure sensors is a microphone. It is further preferred that the transmission path matrix and / or the manipulated variable transmission matrix are permanently stored in a memory of the data processing device. Thus, with a permanent arrangement of the system, this can be operated at any time without the need for previous measurements for adjusting the system. Finally, it is preferred if a number of the sound pressure sensors, the primary speed sensors, the secondary speed sensors and the secondary sound sources are the same.
- FIG. 1 shows a system according to the invention 1 for the active suppression of sound from a plurality of primary sound sources 3.
- the system 1 comprises two secondary sound sources 5 in the form of speakers, two primary fast sensors 7 in the form of Hall probes, two secondary fast sensors 9 also in the form of Hall probes, two Sound pressure sensors 11 in the form of microphones and a data processing device 13.
- Each secondary sound source 5 is assigned to exactly one primary sound source 3, wherein in the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment, each primary sound source 3 is associated with exactly one secondary sound source 5. In principle, however, it is also conceivable that each primary sound source 3 is assigned more than one secondary sound source 5.
- the various sensors 7, 9, 11 are functionally connected to the data processing device 13.
- the secondary sound sources 5 are functionally connected in such a way that the data processing device 13 can control the secondary sound sources 5 by means of manipulated variables.
- the secondary fast sensors 9 are arranged directly on a membrane 15 of the secondary sound sources 5.
- the acceleration of the secondary sound sources 5 can be measured without delay and undisturbed by influences of other sound sources, and the speed can be determined therefrom or used as speed in the further process.
- a real sound source 17 that emits sound that is to be actively suppressed by the system 1.
- the generation of sound by the real sound source 17 is indicated by the vibrating surface of the sound source 17.
- This real sound source 17 generates sound with two different phase responses. Therefore, as indicated by the arrow 19, the real sound source 17 is decomposed into two elementary primary sound sources 3, each of which oscillates constantly in one phase. However, the two primary sound sources 3 emit sound with different phase responses compared to each other.
- the primary fast sensors 7 are actually not arranged directly on a surface of one of the two primary sound sources 3, but on the surface of the real sound source 17. In the following, however, reference will be made only to the separate primary sound sources 3 for simplicity of illustration.
- a system 1 according to the invention is limited to two primary sound sources 3, it is obvious that the system to a larger number of primary sound sources 3 using corresponding number of sensors 7, 9, 11 and secondary Sound sources 5 can be extended. It is also possible to use a plurality of secondary sound sources 5 for suppressing the sound of a primary sound source 3.
- a secondary sound source 21 is shown, which is also in the system 1 according to Fig. 1 can be used.
- the secondary sound source 21 comprises in a single housing 23 a sound pressure sensor 11 in the form of a microphone and a combined primary and secondary fast sensor 25 in the form of a laser sensor with which both a rapid or acceleration of the secondary sound source 21, ie a movement of the diaphragm 15 of the secondary Sound source 21, as well as a speed of a primary sound source 3 can be measured.
- Fig. 3 is in the housing 23 of the secondary sound source 21 and a data processing device 13 arranged with. This results in a particularly compact device in which the speed of the primary and secondary sound sources 3, 21 can advantageously be measured without contact and with the same sensor 25.
- FIGS. 1 and 3 illustrated embodiments of the secondary sound sources 5, 21 according to the invention are possible.
- the Measurement of the rapid use of the primary sound source 3, a laser sensor, while in the determination of the speed of the secondary sound source 5, 21, a Hall probe is used.
- Fig. 2 a method according to the invention for the active suppression of sound from a plurality of primary sound sources by means of sound from a plurality of secondary sound sources, as could be performed, for example, with a system 1 according to the invention.
- inventive method according to Fig. 2 be carried out with other devices, provided that they provide the necessary means for the implementation of the method.
- FIG. 2 The method described requires three different input variables: one fast a p m t a plurality of primary sound sources 3, a fast a s m t a plurality of secondary sound sources 5, 21 and a sound pressure p s m t a plurality of secondary sound sources 5, 21.
- the input quantities have previously been determined from the signals measured with the respective sensors 7, 9, 11, 25. All input variables are Fourier-transformed before performing the further method steps in the frequency domain, as indicated by the symbols indicated by the reference numeral 27. In the in Fig. 1 system 1 shown corresponds to the number of primary sound source 3 to the number of secondary sound sources 5, 21.
- the amount H ⁇ pa m k a s m k of the secondary sound sources 5, 21 is determined by mapping the particular speed or acceleration a s m k the secondary sound sources 5, 21 by means of a predetermined before use of the system 1 transmission path matrix H ⁇ pa m k determined.
- the transmission link matrix H ⁇ pa m k is preferably stored permanently in a memory of the data processing device 13.
- a weight ⁇ ( k ) which in Fig. 2 not shown, and uses a filtered reference value.
- a fast is determined from the fastnesses determined for the primary sound sources a p m k selected as the reference value X (k) determined for the primary sound sources.
- the complex conjugate is formed in a first step 41.
- the complex conjugate reference value is determined in an imaging step 43 by means of an adjoint manipulated variable transmission matrix H ⁇ a m k H . which depicts the relationship between the manipulated variables and the fast generated by the secondary sources 5, 21.
- the result of the mapping is the filtered reference value, which is the further input to the minimization step 37.
- a next manipulated variable w u + 1 ( k ) is calculated in the minimization step 37 by means of equation (8) from a current manipulated variable w u ( k ).
- the manipulated variable w u + 1 ( k ) thus determined reduces the value of the error signal e ( k ) by taking into account an overall reduction of the sound intensity emitted by the secondary sound sources to zero or to zero.
- the inventive method according to Fig. 2 thus has all the advantages that in the general description with respect to Embodiments of the method according to the invention have been described.
- the interaction between the various secondary sound sources 5, 21 and possible phase differences due to different transit times in the system or different measuring methods or different sensors are taken into account.
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EP14195457.8A EP3026664B1 (fr) | 2014-11-28 | 2014-11-28 | Procédé et système d'atténuation phonique active |
PCT/EP2015/077787 WO2016083513A1 (fr) | 2014-11-28 | 2015-11-26 | Procédé et système de suppression active de son |
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EP14195457.8A EP3026664B1 (fr) | 2014-11-28 | 2014-11-28 | Procédé et système d'atténuation phonique active |
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EP3026664B1 EP3026664B1 (fr) | 2018-08-01 |
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CN108428444A (zh) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-08-21 | 南京大学 | 一种补偿次级声源近场影响的紧凑有源吸声方法 |
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CN109238443A (zh) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-18 | 中科振声(苏州)电子科技有限公司 | 一种振动噪声智能应对系统及一种振动噪声智能应对方法 |
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US20090180627A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-07-16 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Active sound blocker |
EP2378513A1 (fr) * | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-19 | Helmut-Schmidt-Universität | Procédé et système de réduction de bruit active |
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2014
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US20090180627A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-07-16 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Active sound blocker |
EP2378513A1 (fr) * | 2010-04-08 | 2011-10-19 | Helmut-Schmidt-Universität | Procédé et système de réduction de bruit active |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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CN108428444A (zh) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-08-21 | 南京大学 | 一种补偿次级声源近场影响的紧凑有源吸声方法 |
CN108428444B (zh) * | 2018-03-07 | 2021-06-22 | 南京大学 | 一种补偿次级声源近场影响的紧凑有源吸声方法 |
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