Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
  • H01H2033/888—Deflection of hot gasses and arcing products
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
  • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
  • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
  • H01H2033/902—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc with the gases from hot space and compression volume following different paths to arc space or nozzle, i.e. the compressed gases do not pass through hot volume

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of self - blowing high - voltage circuit breakers.
• circuit breakers have been actively researched in order to reduce their size while offering a good dielectric strength when opening and seeking to minimize the energy of maneuvering.
• a solution used to reconcile these characteristics, yet antagonistic, is to equip the high-voltage circuit breakers piston blow system to promote the blowing of an electric arc formed between the two arcing circuit breaker contacts when it opens.
• the invention relates more particularly to a high-voltage circuit breaker, the piston blow molding is optimized.
• circuit breaker The insulation of such a circuit breaker is generally provided by a fluid having good dielectric strength characteristics.
• This circuit breaker in the closed position ensures the passage of the current and interrupts the current in the open position.
• This same type of circuit breaker comprises in a usual configuration:
• a compression chamber adapted to propel a portion of the dielectric fluid by piston effect in the quenching chamber during the separation of the arcing contacts so as to promote the blowing of the electric arc by said fluid flow.
• the compression chamber is generally arranged at the rear of one of the arc contacts with a wall of the compression chamber which is integral in displacement with a first contact and which acts as a piston, the rest of the chamber of compression. compression being secured in displacement with the second arcing contact.
• the compression chamber is in communication with the extinguishing chamber by at least one channel supplying the flow of fluid propelled by piston effect in the chamber on the periphery of the movable contact.
• circuit breaker This supply of dielectric fluid during the opening of the circuit breaker arcing contacts promotes blowing of the electric arc formed during the separation of the arcing contacts. It may be noted that for this type of circuit breaker there are self-blowing circuit breakers (better known by their English name of "puffer-type circuit breaker”) and self-expansion circuit breakers (better known by their English name of “self blast”). circuit breaker ").
• circuit breakers regardless of whether they are of the self-blowing type or of the self-expanding type, such circuit breakers have a compression ratio which is not optimized because, for self-blowing circuit breakers with a dead volume of compression chamber, and for self-expanding circuit breakers, the presence of an expansion chamber between the extinguishing chamber and the compression chamber.
• the invention aims to remedy this drawback.
• the invention more specifically aims to provide a circuit breaker for promoting an arc blow between the two arcing contacts for larger operating currents than those of a circuit breaker of the prior art having the same compactness.
• the invention also aims to provide a circuit breaker for promoting an arc blowing between the two piston-shaped arc contacts that can have an optimized compression ratio compared to a circuit breaker of the prior art implementing a piston effect.
• the invention relates to a circuit breaker isolated by a dielectric fluid and having a closed position in which the circuit breaker conducts the current and an open position in which the circuit breaker cuts the current, the circuit breaker comprising:
• a first pair of movable contacts in translation relative to each other, having a first and a second contact, said arcing contacts, the arcing contacts being remotely in the open position and in contact in the position closed an arc extinction chamber in which an electric arc is formed between the arcing contacts during their separation when the circuit breaker moves from the closed position to the open position,
• a compression chamber adapted to propel a portion of the dielectric fluid by piston effect in the quenching chamber during the separation of the arcing contacts so as to promote the blowing of the arc by said fluid flow
• circuit breaker being adapted so that the dielectric fluid propelled by the compression chamber is introduced into the quenching chamber through the end of the first contact.
• the term “extinguishing chamber” means the volume of the circuit breaker located between the first and second contacts and in which the electric arc is formed when the circuit breaker opens.
• the communication between the compression chamber and the extinguishing chamber is made by one of the arcing contacts, generally of reduced volume vis-à-vis the compression chamber, without the need of a important dead volume.
• the compression ratio can therefore be optimized vis-à-vis a circuit breaker comprising an expansion chamber or a self-blowing circuit breaker having a large dead volume.
• thermal chamber containing dielectric fluid, said thermal chamber being configured so that the formation of the arc between the two arcing contacts during their separation causes an expansion of the fluid contained in the thermal chamber and a influx of this fluid into the extinguishing chamber so as to promote the extinction of the arc, said chamber having at least two outlet orifices each arranged to direct the expanded fluid towards an end of a contact corresponding arc.
• Such a thermal chamber with two outlet ports each arranged to direct the expanded fluid towards an end of a respective arc contact, and which is housed in the quenching chamber, allows a dielectric fluid supply to level of the end of each of the arc contacts which is housed in the extinguishing chamber and therefore at both ends of the arc. This produces a blowing of the arc at its two ends, which allows it to be particularly effective.
• the piston effect is useful for the elimination of arcs of low intensity
• the self-blowing effect is exploited for the elimination of arcs of high intensity. Indeed, with the self-blowing phenomenon, a fraction of the arc energy is used to put a reserve of pressurized gas and blow it at the time of zero crossing of the current.
• the first arcing contact may be a tulip type contact having a plurality of flexible strips joined to delimit a receiving cavity of the second contact, the dielectric fluid flow propelled by the compression chamber being introduced by said cavity. Home.
• a guide piece for the flow of fluid may be provided inside the cavity for receiving the contact in order to channel the fluid towards the end without the fluid escaping radially through the contact slots present between the lamellae. flexible.
• Such a first contact is particularly suitable for providing a dielectric fluid passage in the direction of the extinguishing chamber at its end, the latter being provided with a receiving cavity opening into the extinguishing chamber at the end. level of said end.
• the first arc contact may comprise at least one channel in communication with the chamber of compression putting in communication the reception cavity and the compression chamber.
• Such a channel in communication with the compression chamber makes it possible to conduct the fluid at the level of the reception cavity without disturbing the rest of the circuit breaker.
• the first contact may further comprise a system for evacuating the influx of the expanded fluid into the extinguishing chamber adapted to evacuate said influx into another part of the circuit breaker, said evacuation system being adapted to be neutralized during the propulsion by piston effect of most of the dielectric fluid in the compression chamber.
• Such a system for evacuating the influx of fluid allows an evacuation of the influx of dielectric fluid into the quenching chamber without this evacuation system disturbing the propulsion of dielectric fluid in the quench chamber by piston effect .
• This results in a blowing of the arc which is optimized for both that provided by piston effect than for that provided by the expansion of the fluid present in the thermal chamber.
• the evacuation system may comprise at least one opening formed in the first contact, said opening being arranged on the first contact to be placed in communication with another part of the circuit breaker when the circuit breaker passes from the closed position to the open position after that a major part of the dielectric fluid in the compression chamber has been piston-propelled into the quench chamber.
• the exhaust system may further include an obstruction member adapted to obstruct the opening provided on the first contact during a portion of the displacement of the first contact during which the major portion of the dielectric fluid propelled by the compression chamber is introduced into the first contact. the extinction chamber.
• the arrangement of the opening arranged in the first contact can be adapted so that during the displacement of the first contact during the passage of the circuit breaker from the open position to the closed position, the opening comes into communication with another part of the circuit breaker only from the moment a major part has been propelled by piston effect in the extinguishing chamber
• Such evacuation systems are particularly adapted to evacuate a portion of the influx of expanded fluid from the thermal chamber into the quenching chamber without significant disturbance of the propulsion of the fluid by piston effect from the compression chamber.
• the channel communicating the receiving cavity and the compression chamber may have a non-return valve adapted to prevent any evacuation of the influx of fluid in the compression chamber.
• Such a valve makes it possible to prevent any penetration into the fluid compression chamber resulting from the influx of fluid from the thermal chamber. Such penetration could cause thrust on a wall of the compression chamber against relative movement between the first and second arcing contacts.
• the second contact may be a fixed contact with respect to an outer envelope of the circuit breaker, the first contact being movable in translation relative to this same envelope, the circuit breaker further comprising a blowing nozzle adapted to promote the blowing of the arc. forming between the arcing contacts during the passage of the circuit breaker from the closed position to the open position, the blowing nozzle being secured to the second arcing contact.
• Such a configuration reduces the mass to be displaced during the passage of the circuit breaker from the closed position to the open position and therefore reduces the energy required to move the circuit breaker between these two positions.
• the first contact may comprise a hollow contact body on which the flexible lamellae are arranged and in which the communication channel extends longitudinally in the body.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a sectional view of a circuit breaker according to the invention in the closed position
• FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view of the circuit breaker illustrated in FIG. 1 in the open position
• FIG. 3 is a close-up view of FIG.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a self-bleeding high-voltage circuit breaker 1 comprising a compression chamber 40 according to the invention.
• a circuit breaker 1 is a circuit breaker isolated by a dielectric fluid such as a sulfur hexafluoride gas SF 6 and is of the self-blowing type.
• the circuit breaker 1 extends along a longitudinal axis.
• the circuit breaker 1 has a closed position in which the circuit breaker 1 conducts the current and an open position in which the circuit breaker 1 cuts the current.
• the circuit breaker 1 comprises: a first pair of contacts 10, 20 movable in translation relative to each other, having a first and a second contact 10, 20, said arcing contacts, the arcing contacts being in contact in the closed position as shown in FIG. 1, and remotely in the open position, as illustrated in FIG.
• an extinction chamber 30 of the arc in which an electric arc is formed between the arcing contacts 10, 20 during their separation during the passage of the circuit breaker from the closed position to the position opened,
• a compression chamber 40 adapted to propel a portion of the dielectric fluid by piston effect in the extinction chamber 30 during the separation of the arcing contacts 10, 20 so as to promote the blowing of the arc by said fluid flow
• the compression chamber comprising a movable wall 41 adapted to modify the volume of the compression chamber 40 by its displacement
• a blow nozzle 50 in which is arranged a heat chamber 55 configured so that the formation of the arc between the two arc contacts during their separation causes an expansion of the fluid contained in the heat chamber 55 and an influx of this fluid in the extinction chamber 30 so as to promote the extinction of the arc.
• first and second contacts 10, 20 are used alternately and represent the same two elements of the circuit breaker.
• main contacts 60, 70 and third and fourth contacts 60, 70 are used alternately and represent the same two elements of the circuit breaker.
• the circuit breaker 1 further comprises a third and a fourth contact 60, 70 movable in translation relative to each other and which are said to be main.
• the third and fourth contacts 60, 70 are electrically connected respectively to the first and second contacts 10, 20.
• the main contacts 60, 70 are, when the circuit breaker 1 is in the closed position in contact with each other and are when the circuit-breaker is in the open position, at a distance from each other.
• the first contact 10 comprises a first part 11 in the general shape of a tulip and a second part 15 which extends the first part in the direction opposite to the second contact and which has the general shape of a hollow cylinder whose base which is connected to the first part is open.
• the first part 11 comprises a plurality of elastic strips 12 distributed radially around the longitudinal axis of the circuit breaker 1 so as to define a receiving cavity for the second contact 20 which is open towards the same second contact 20.
• the lamellae elastic members 12 join at their base, which is opposed to the second contact 20 to form a ring surrounding the second portion 15 of the first contact 10 at the the end connected to the first portion 11 of the first contact 10.
• the receiving cavity 13 delimited by the first portion 10 is in fluid communication with the interior of the second portion 15 of the first contact 10.
• the invention can be provided inside the reception cavity 13 in a guide piece of the fluid flow in order to channel the fluid towards the end of the first contact 10 without the fluid does not escape radially through the slits present between the elastic lamellae 12.
• the second part 15 comprises a hollow part which delimits a longitudinal duct s 'opening for one of its ends in the receiving cavity 13 of the first part and having, for the other of its ends, a lateral opening s' opening, when the circuit breaker 1 is in the open position, on another part 80 of circuit breaker 1.
• the hollow part is divided into two portions, a first portion 16, in contact with the first portion 11 of an outer diameter substantially identical to that of the first portion of the first contact and a second portion 17 housed in the other portion 80 of the circuit breaker 1 having an outside diameter greater than that of the first portion.
• the hollow part comprises at the intersection between the first and the second portion 16, 17 a shoulder.
• the first portion 16 has a relatively thick side wall vis-à-vis that of the second portion.
• the side wall of the first portion defines a portion of the duct extending for said portion over the entire length of the first portion.
• the side wall has a length portion of channels 45 placing the receiving cavity 13 of the first portion 11 of the first contact 10 into communication with the compression chamber 40.
• the channels 45 are formed in the wall of the first portion 16 and extend along the entire length of the first portion 16.
• the channels 45 also include a portion of length which extends in the second portion 17 of the second portion 15 of the first contact 10 towards the compression chamber 40.
• the second portion 17 has a cylindrical shape, a first base, which is opposite the second contact 20, in fluid communication with the first portion 16 so as to form the conduit and a second base, opposite to the first, is closed.
• the second portion 17 has openings 18 provided on its longitudinal wall near its second base. The openings 18 are adapted to allow a communication of the conduit with another part 80 of the circuit breaker 1.
• Each channel 45 has an inlet which communicates with the compression chamber at the level of the movable wall 41 and an outlet which opens into the receiving cavity 13 at the end of the second portion 15 of the first contact 10.
• a flap check 46 is installed at the channel outputs 45 in the docking cavity 13. the check valve ⁇ back 46 is adapted to prohibit the introduction into the channels 45 of dielectric fluid coming from the reception cavity 13.
• the second portion 15 of the first contact 10 is integral with the movable portion 61 of the third contact 60.
• the moving part 61 of the third contact 60 has a general shape of revolution around the longitudinal axis of the circuit breaker 1.
• the 61 of the third contact 60 has an L-shaped section with the longest branch along the longitudinal axis and the shortest branch extending substantially in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis towards the same axis.
• the branch of the shortest L of the movable portion 61 of the third contact 60 forms the movable wall 41 of the compression chamber 40.
• the third contact 60 also comprises a fixed part 62 comprising a cover 62a, a contact body 64 and a plurality of flexible tongues 63.
• the cover 62a and the tongues 63 are adapted to accommodate the movable portion 61 of the third contact 60 with the tabs flexible 63 which are supported on the movable portion 61 of the third contact 60 irrespective of the position of the circuit breaker 1.
• Such an adaptation is obtained by a shape of revolution of the cover 62a, which has a generally hollow cylindrical shape whose base which is opposite the second contact 20 is open to allow a translation in the cover 62a of the movable portion 61 of the third contact 60, and the base which is opposed to the second contact 20 is closed by the contact body 64.
• the flexible tongues 63 of the third contact 60 are arranged inside the cover 62a extending along the inner wall of the latter in support of the movable part 61 of the third contact 60.
• the hood 62a comprises at its end which is opposite the second contact 20 a seal 62b arranged to allow movement of the movable portion 61 of the third contact 60 while ensuring the seal between the cover 62a and the movable part 61 third contact 60.
• the contact body 64 comprises a valve 47 adapted to allow the entry of fluid into the compression chamber 40 from the other part 80 of the circuit breaker 1 during the movement of the circuit breaker from the open position to the closed position.
• a valve 47 allows the filling of the compression chamber 40 during the closing of the circuit breaker thus ensuring the supply of fluid into the extinguishing chamber 30 by piston effect when opening the circuit breaker 1.
• the cover 62a delimits, with the movable portion 61 and the contact body 64, the compression chamber 40, the movable portion of the third contact 60 comprising the movable wall 41 of the compression chamber 40.
• the contact body 64, also called the contact gate, of the third contact 60 has a general shape of revolution around the longitudinal axis of the circuit breaker 1 with a first cylindrical outer casing 64a whose base facing the second contact 20 has a suitable passage for the passage of the second portion 15 of the first contact 10 and a second cylindrical inner envelope 64b which extends the passage for the first contact in the direction opposite to the second contact 20.
• the inner envelope 64b has an inside diameter slightly greater than the outside diameter of the second portion 17 of the hollow piece so as to allow sliding of the latter in the inner casing 64b.
• the adjustment of the inner diameter of the inner casing 64b ensures a closure of the opening 18 of the second portion 17 of the second portion 15 over a portion of the displacement of the first contact 10 during the passage of the circuit breaker 1 from the closed position to the open position.
• the length of the inner casing 64b is smaller than that of the second portion 17 of the second portion 15 to enable the conduit to be placed in communication with the other part 80 of the circuit breaker 1 delimited by the outer casing 64b of the contact body. 64.
• the length of the inner casing 64b is adapted so that during the passage of the circuit breaker 1 from the closed position to the open position, the conduit is placed in communication with the other part of the circuit breaker 1 after a major part of the dielectric fluid in the compression chamber 40 has been propelled by piston effect in the extinguishing chamber 30.
• the extinguishing chamber 30 is delimited by the blast nozzle 50.
• the extinguishing chamber 30 has a generally cylindrical shape with an inside diameter slightly greater than the outside diameter of the first part of the first contact 1.
• the extinguishing chamber 30 is in communication with the thermal chamber 55 by means of a plurality of outlet orifices 56.
• the orifices are divided into four groups 56a, b, c, d of twelve orifices whose orifices of a given group are substantially distributed radially. around the extinction chamber 50 so to provide an influx of isotropic fluid in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis.
• each of the groups comprises twelve orifices
• one or more of the groups of orifices may comprise more than twelve or less than twelve. orifices.
• a circuit breaker of the invention may comprise, for example, for each group, only 3 orifices distributed or not radially around the extinguishing chamber.
• the two groups of external openings 56a are arranged to direct the expanded fluid towards the ends each towards one end of a corresponding arc contact 10, 20.
• the orifices of these two groups are arranged for, during the passage of the circuit breaker in the open position, directing a fluid escaping from the thermal chamber 55 towards an end of a corresponding arc contact 10, 20.
• the thermal chamber 55 is arranged in the blast nozzle 50 and surrounds the extinction chamber 30.
• the thermal chamber 55 is thus close to an arc forming in the extinguishing chamber 30 during the separation of the first and the second chamber.
• second contact 10, 20 Such proximity to the arc formed during the separation of the first and the second contact 10, 20 allows a transfer in the thermal chamber 55 of a portion of the heat that is related to the formation of this arc and thus causes an expansion of the dielectric fluid in the thermal chamber 55.
• the second contact 20 is mounted integral with the blast nozzle 50 with the end of the second contact 20, which end is opposite the first contact 10 which is housed in the extinguishing chamber 30.
• the second contact 20 has an oblong shape extending from a support member 25 towards the first contact 10.
• the second contact 20 is in electrical contact with the fourth contact 70 from the support member 25.
• the fourth contact 70 comprises a cover 71 and a plurality of flexible lamellae 72 both substantially cylindrical.
• the flexible strips 72 of the fourth contact 70 are adapted to accommodate the movable portion 62a of the third contact 60 and be in contact therewith.
• Such a circuit breaker during the transition from its closed position to its open position, has the following kinematics:
• the first contact 10 and the third contact 60 are moved in translation relative to, respectively, the second contact 20 and the fourth contact 40, during this displacement the first and second contacts 10, 20 separate generating an electric arc,
• the movable wall 41 of the compression chamber 40 is moved with the first contact 10, causing a piston effect thrust of the fluid in the channels 45 towards the extinguishing chamber 30 by passing through the first contact 10, such a supply of dielectric fluid in the extinguishing chamber 30 being favorable to the blowing of the electric arc,
• the first contact 10 reaches a position in which the inner casing 64b no longer closes the openings of the second part 15 of the first contact 10 thus putting the conduit in communication with the other part 80 of the circuit breaker 1, so the influx fluid in the extinguishing chamber 30 can be evacuated in the other part 80 of the circuit breaker.
• an electric arc formed during the opening of the circuit breaker is subjected in turn to a flow of fluid originating from the compression chamber 40 and to an influx of expanded fluid from the thermal chamber 55, thus ensuring a good blowing of the arc regardless of the compactness of the circuit breaker 1.

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• Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ID=49546536

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• 2013
  • 2013-07-15 FR FR1356949A patent/FR3008541B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
  • 2014-07-11 EP EP14741244.9A patent/EP3022758A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-07-11 WO PCT/EP2014/064900 patent/WO2015007635A1/fr active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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