EP3021332B1 - Inductance et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Inductance et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3021332B1
EP3021332B1 EP15169708.3A EP15169708A EP3021332B1 EP 3021332 B1 EP3021332 B1 EP 3021332B1 EP 15169708 A EP15169708 A EP 15169708A EP 3021332 B1 EP3021332 B1 EP 3021332B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yokes
coils
yoke
longitudinal
longitudinal legs
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EP15169708.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3021332A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Brust
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Michael Riedel Transformatorenbau GmbH
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Michael Riedel Transformatorenbau GmbH
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Publication of EP3021332A1 publication Critical patent/EP3021332A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/245—Magnetic cores made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/26—Fastening parts of the core together; Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/26—Fastening parts of the core together; Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
    • H01F27/263—Fastening parts of the core together
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/12—Two-phase, three-phase or polyphase transformers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing an inductance according to claim 10, as well as an electrical inductance according to claim 1.
  • the present application focuses on inductors for use as electrical reactors (line and commutating reactors, filter reactors, motor reactors, etc.) and electrical filters for use with frequency converters (sine-wave filters and du / dt filters, etc.).
  • Electrical inductances are contained in a great many electrical and electronic devices, and their main purpose is to convert or separate one or more, in particular different, voltage potentials, in current limitation, the reduction of voltage rising edges, the compensation of harmonic components or in the formation of a magnetic field.
  • electrical inductors contain one or more electrical coils.
  • windings can be wound on a bobbin, which is usually made of an electrically non-conductive material, usually plastic be present or as so-called air coils, which have no bobbin as a winding core.
  • the at least one coil is structurally connected to the iron core.
  • the at least one coil is placed over the iron core, that due to the applied coil voltage and the induction occurring in this case, a magnetic flux is generated in the iron core.
  • this is usually made of a stack of superimposed individual, rolled sheets, so-called dynamo sheets or transformer sheets, wherein the individual sheets must be electrically isolated from each other.
  • the individual sheets are coated on the rolled surfaces usually with an electrically insulating insulating or possess here an electrically insulating oxidation layer.
  • the laminated core can enclose the coil partially or fully encircling, wherein the sheets of different formats and sizes joined together form the iron core of the inductor.
  • E UI or M blanks can be merged into a laminated core.
  • two or more sheets per layer and in particular from layer to layer are rotated by 180 ° usually piled up, which is a very high and usually only manually manageable workload.
  • the visible in the plan view of the sheet metal contour of each layer in a circumferentially closed iron core is not a single sheet, but this is composed because of the mountability of at least two sheets.
  • the laminated core is assembled on one side (without changing the sheet metal direction) to form a block and then welded together on the outer sides of the abutting edges of the sheets as a block.
  • the resulting magnetic short circuit at the edge of the magnetic field is hereby accepted for economic reasons.
  • transformers Despite the fundamentally same structure of transformers on the one hand and chokes or filters on the other hand, they should have different properties in operation, which in detail also requires different structural details, if one wants to optimize the desired function in each case in the foreground: For example, in the case of transformers, the focus is on efficiency, ie the reduction of power loss: For this purpose, an attempt is made to minimize the magnetic resistance of the iron core as possible. In the case of the mostly circumferentially closed iron cores, which for assembly reasons can not be composed of individual, annularly closed metal sheets, this means that the occurring at the contact point between adjacent plates of the laminated core magnetic resistance should be kept as low as possible, which is attempted by measures such as minimizing the air gap between them or even stuffing with magnetic material in the joint.
  • chokes and filters which are a passive attenuator, for example, for filtering out the harmonic harmonics
  • a defined air gap is needed just because it just causes the desired damping.
  • the desired damping behavior in each case is determined by the size and arrangement of the air gaps in the iron core, ie in or between the laminated cores.
  • an electrical inductance in particular for use as a choke or filter, and a method for their preparation available so that the production cost is reduced and the function of the inductance is improved, in particular as a throttle and filter.
  • the middle longitudinal leg is just as long or longer than the coil that is arranged around it.
  • securing strips made of electrically insulating material
  • the longitudinal limb which are longer than the central longitudinal limb and extend into the region of the yokes extend into it and thereby form a positive locking against lateral withdrawal of the central coil and the central longitudinal leg.
  • the positions of the air gaps and their number can be selected by the longitudinal legs do not have to be each one piece, but in their direction of extension may consist of several sections.
  • the coil preferably extends over the air gaps between the outer longitudinal limb and the extension of the yoke, so that there - even if additional air gaps are provided - all the air gaps are within the length of the coil, which is very advantageous for the function as throttle or filter (minimization of stray fields).
  • the iron core is held together by a tensioning device acting only from the outside, which does not penetrate the iron core, and which is additionally variable in the spacing of its clamping plates, that is, when e.g. different thickness spacers are used in the air gaps.
  • the longitudinal legs should have the same cross-section as the extensions of the yoke, and in particular the sheet planes in the longitudinal limbs run in alignment with those in the extensions in order to achieve a homogenization of the magnetic field forming.
  • the central longitudinal leg thus ends in front of the inner surfaces of the C-shaped yoke in its central region, usually with an air gap to the yoke.
  • the thus not existing positive securing the middle longitudinal leg is achieved by the additional, already mentioned securing strips.
  • the air gaps are usually effected by inserted spacers made of electrically insulating material, which is a very easy way to produce air gaps defined width.
  • the longitudinal legs are generally cuboid and then consist of stacked rectangular plates.
  • the coils around the individual longitudinal limbs have an axial length, that extends in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal leg, which fills the distance between the two yokes as completely as possible in order to effect a positive securing of the longitudinal position of the coils within the iron core alone.
  • the yokes are not bent at the transition from their main part in the extension just 90 °, but cranked twice by 45 ° and thus have at their ends a slope, both in its outer contour and in its inner contour, and all the sheets from which the yoke is formed, have this slope.
  • the individual longitudinal limbs may be formed in several parts in their course, with free choice between the length of these items as well as the width of the air gaps therebetween.
  • the spacers should preferably have the same area as the cross-section of the longitudinal leg in which they are located in order not to cause a different dielectricity in the interior of the air gap.
  • the cross-sectional area of the longitudinal legs and the extensions of the yokes is dimensioned so that they fill together with the inserted on both sides of the fuse strip exactly the inner space of each coil and Thereby, a precisely fitting positive locking between the coil on the one hand and iron core on the other hand is given.
  • the securing strips are also used in the outer legs, although they would not be needed there for the positive locking, since the extensions of the yokes protrude into the interior of the coil in the outer coils.
  • the fuse strips are therefore also arranged on the outer longitudinal limbs, so that the iron core can be made of sheet metal strips of constant thickness, otherwise the width of the metal strip used for the yoke would have to change from the central region to the extensions, which is detrimental to the function and consuming for the production of these sheets is.
  • the tensioning device is preferably made of two clamping plates which are placed on the outer sides of the yokes and have a projection either in the main plane of the iron core or transversely thereto or both. At their supernatant, the two clamping plates are clamped by means of clamping screws in the longitudinal direction against each other, and thus press the yokes against each other, so that a pressure on the spacers, which define the air gaps, constructed and maintained.
  • the clamping plates are preferably formed as hat profiles.
  • the clamping plates also have further passage openings in addition to the holes for the clamping screws that penetrate them. in order to drain the casting agent in the subsequent wetting or potting the entire assembled inductance.
  • clamping plate On the clamping plate can also - if necessary between the yoke and clamping plate - a conventional NS rail for attaching transformers be arranged, which are required for operation as a throttle or filter.
  • the clamping plates are wider than the iron core measured transversely to its main plane and also wider than the coils in this direction, firstly to be able to attach clamping screws in the projection, but also to provide a protective projection over the coil and the iron core ,
  • the object is achieved by the method steps of claim 10 :
  • a very simple device is used, theoretically, the assembly could also be done purely manually: After assembling the yokes of individual sheets, a coil is attached to the extensions of the first yoke, or - if the three coils before unit - the entire coil unit.
  • the outer longitudinal limbs are inserted into the outer coils, and the middle longitudinal limb is inserted into the middle coil.
  • the second yoke can be inserted with its extensions in the outer coils - again with the interposition of a spacer - and the clamping device are mounted, which presses in this position, the two yokes against each other.
  • the clamping device consists of the two clamping plates and connecting clamping screws, the - preferably hat-shaped - clamping plates are placed on the outside of the yokes and screwed the clamping screws.
  • the iron core 24 off FIG. 1 is in FIG. 2a shown in the plan on its main plane 16 , and in FIG. 2b in the side view, ie in the direction of view of this main plane 16th
  • each of the yokes 2 has at its ends in right angle to the direction of extension of the yoke 2 in the same direction projecting extensions 7 a, b.
  • the extensions 7 a, b of the lower yoke 2 are directed upward, the extensions 7 a, b of the upper yoke 2 are directed downward, and are aligned with the projections 7 a, b of the lower yoke . 2
  • the transition of the main part of the yoke 2 to the extensions 7 a, b has in each case a slope 14 , so two bends by 45 °.
  • the yokes 2 are composed of individual, in this form C-shaped, sheets 4 a, b, which are placed inside each other and fit into each other, built.
  • an outer longitudinal leg 1 a also consists of individual, in this case rectangular, parallel to each other laid sheets.
  • a middle longitudinal leg 1 b which extends substantially from the inner sides of a yoke 2 in its central region to the inside of the other yoke 2 and also from parallel to each other, not at all interconnected, rectangular sheets 4 x, y and runs parallel to the outer longitudinal limbs 1 a.
  • an air gap 13 which is obtained in the assembled state of the iron core 24 in particular that plate-shaped spacers 15 whose surface corresponds to the cross-sectional area of the longitudinal limbs 1 a, b, are inserted.
  • the cross-sectional area of the outer longitudinal limbs 1 a, b is the same and preferably coincides with the cross-sectional area of the central longitudinal limb 1 b, so that the same spacers 15 can be used for all longitudinal limbs, if the thickness of the air gap 13 should also be the same in each case.
  • Both the central longitudinal limb 1 b and the outer longitudinal limb 1 a can also each consist in their extension direction of several partial longitudinal limbs 1 b 1, 1 b 2 , as in an alternative embodiment in Figure 2c shown.
  • both the construction of the longitudinal limbs of one or more partial longitudinal limbs and the thickness of the spacers 15 depends on the respective intended use of the inductance.
  • the purpose of the invention is to have as many possible variations as possible the structure and the details of the iron core to have despite an easy to implement construction of the inductance.
  • This assembly is as follows: After the lower yoke 2 is composed of sheets 4 a, b, the two outer bobbin 3 are attached to the upwardly projecting extensions 7 a, b of this lower yoke 2 , and also set the middle bobbin 3 between the two outer bobbin 3 , which then rests on the top of the yoke 2 in its central region.
  • one of the plate-shaped spacers 15 are inserted from above into the coil interiors 29 of the bobbin 3 , so that they rest with their main surface on the end face of one of the extensions 7 a, b and thus lie transversely in the coil interior 29 , the Cross sections of the extensions 7 a, b also substantially fill.
  • the iron core 24 has a measured transversely to its main plane 16 depth which is less than the corresponding extension of the cross section of the coil interior space 29, namely lower by so much that both sides of the iron core 24 are each just a securing strip 12 along each of the longitudinal limb 1 a, b can be interposed, what is now performed as the next step by inserting from above into the coil interior 29th
  • the securing strips 12 are longer than the central longitudinal leg 1 b, and are pushed in the central bobbin 3 so far down that its lower end extends into the region of the lower yoke 2 .
  • this represents the form-fitting securing so that, in the assembled state, the middle bobbin 3 can not be pulled out of it transversely to the main plane 16 of the laminated core 24 .
  • the longitudinal legs 1 a, b are inserted from above into the individual bobbin 3 between the respective two securing strips 12. If one of the longitudinal legs 1 a, b consists of several partial longitudinal limbs 1 b 1 , 1 b 2 , these are used successively , each with the interposition of a spacer 15th
  • the transversely projecting rear and forward projections 23 a, b of the hat profile have mutually aligned holes 26 through which the two clamping plates 17 can be braced against each other by means of clamping screws 25 , and thereby hold the iron core 24 together.
  • NS rail 27 can be screwed, which serves for the positive fastening of transformers 28 , which are required for some applications of this inductance.
  • a further clamping plate 17 are fixed so that the hat-shaped bulges are directed against each other.
  • This lowermost clamping plate 17 can serve, for example, the screwing against the ground or another machine part.
  • a support plate may be attached, which protrudes from the cross section of the hat profile of the clamping plate 17 to the side and the fastening of capacitors 30 , which are also required for certain applications of the inductance.
  • FIGS. 3a c show the assembled state in various views of the inductance according to FIG. 1 ,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Filters And Equalizers (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Inductance électrique comme membre atténuateur électrique passif, avec
    - un noyau de fer (24) composé sous forme de paquet de tôles fait de tôles de métal (4a, b) isolées les unes contre les autres comme conducteur de flux magnétique (24) avec
    - trois branches longitudinales parallèles, espacées les unes des autres (1a, 1b, 1a) s'étendant dans le sens de l'extension avec une extrémité de chaque côté formant des espaces intérieurs,
    - deux jougs (2), dont chaque joug (2) lie les extrémités des branches longitudinales (1a, b) orientées vers le même côté, en formant au moins un entrefer,
    - où les jougs (2) sont constitués de tôles (4a, b) pliées en forme de C et s'emboîtant exactement les unes dans les autres,
    - trois bobines circonférentielles (3) fermées de façon circulaire, dont chacune entoure de manière parfaitement adapté une des branches longitudinales (1a, b), où
    - chaque joug (2) comprend des extensions (7a, b) s'écartant dans la direction de l'extension des branches longitudinales (1a, 1b, 1a) aux deux extrémités du joug (2),
    - où entre chacun des deux extensions (7a, b) dirigées en sens inverse des deux jougs (2) une branche longitudinale extérieure (1a) respective est disposée formant au moins un entrefer (13),
    - où les jougs (2) sont serrés les uns contre les autres au moyen d'un dispositif de serrage (6) qui est adapté pour presser les jougs (2) les uns contre les autres de sorte qu'une pression soit exercée sur les écarteurs (15) définissant les entrefers et maintenue, dont les parties (6a, b) sont disposées à l'extérieur du paquet de tôles,
    - où le noyau de fer (24) est exempt de perforations, à l'exception des deux espaces intérieurs entre les branches longitudinales (1a, b),
    - où des bandes de sécurisation (12) faites de matériau électriquement isolant sont disposées entre toutes les branches longitudinales (1b) et la paroi intérieure de la bobine (3) qui sont plus longues que la longueur de la branche longitudinale centrale (1b) et s'étendent des deux côtés dans la zone des jougs (2).
  2. Inductance selon la revendication 1, où
    les branches longitudinales extérieures (1a) ont la même section transversale que les extensions (7a, b), et/ou
    la branche longitudinale centrale (1b) est espacée d'un entrefer (13) devant les surfaces intérieures des jougs en forme de C (2).
  3. Inductance selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où
    des écarteurs (15) en matériau d'isolation électriquement isolant sont disposés dans les entrefers (15) et/ou
    les branches longitudinales (1a, b) sont constituées de tôles rectangulaires (4 x, y) superposées dont les plans de tôle sont alignés avec les plans de tôles des tôles (4a, b) dans les extensions (7a, b).
  4. Inductance selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où
    les bobines (3) remplissent la distance entre les deux jougs (2) dans la direction longitudinale (10), et/ou
    les bobines (3) comprennent un corps de bobine (3) en matière plastique, sur lequel un enroulement (19a, b) est appliqué.
  5. Inductance selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où
    les tôles (4a, b) des jougs (2) comprennent une pente (14) à la transition de la partie principale du joug (2) à l'extension, et/ou
    les bobines (3) sur les branches longitudinales extérieures (1a) sont de longueur telle qu'elles couvrent les entrefers (13) entre les branches longitudinales extérieures (1a) et les extensions (7a, b) des jougs (2).
  6. Inductance selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où les branches
    longitudinales (1a, b) sont adaptées en plusieurs parties en étant interrompues dans leur sens d'extension par des entrefers (13) dans lesquels se trouvent des écarteurs (15), et/ou
    les écarteurs (15) ont la même surface que la section transversale des branches longitudinales (1a, b) dans les entrefers (13) desquelles elles sont situés.
  7. Inductance selon l'une des revendications précédentes, où le dispositif de serrage (6) est constitué de deux plaques de serrage (17) qui reposent sur les côtés extérieurs des jougs (2) et qui sont serrées l'une contre l'autre dans le sens longitudinal (10) sur leur extension (23a, b) par des vis de serrage (25).
  8. Inductance selon la revendication 7, où
    l'inductance est mouillée ou enrobée dans une matière plastique durcissable, et/ou les plaques de serrage (17) comprennent, en plus des trous percés (26) pour les vis de serrage (25), des ouvertures de passage (22) pour l'écoulement du produit d'étanchéité.
  9. Inductance selon l'une des revendications 7 et 8,
    où sur l'une des plaques de serrage (17), un rail, en particulier un rail NS (27), est disposé pour la fixation de transformateurs (28), et/ou où, vu du dessus, une des plaques de serrage (17) est au moins aussi large que les bobines (3).
  10. Procédé de production d'une inductance qui comprend
    - un noyau de fer (24) avec trois branches longitudinales espacées (1a, 1b, 1a) et deux jougs en forme de C (2) avec des extensions d'extrémité (7a, b), et
    - trois bobines (3) et
    - un dispositif de serrage (6)
    avec les étapes de procédé suivantes :
    a) assembler un premier joug (2) à partir de tôles (4a, b) et disposer le joug (2) avec des extensions (7a, b) pointant vers le haut,
    b) enficher les deux bobines extérieures (3) sur les extensions (7a, b) et disposer la bobine centrale (3) entre les deux bobines extérieures (3) positionnées ainsi,
    c) insérer deux bandes de sécurité (12) respectives constituées d'un matériau électriquement isolant dans chaque espace intérieur de bobine (29) le long des surfaces extérieures du joug (2),
    d) insérer un écarteur respectif en forme de plaque (15) dans chaque espace intérieur de bobine (29) des trois bobines (3),
    e) insérer la branche longitudinale extérieure et la branche longitudinale centrale (1a, b) dans les espaces intérieurs (29) de chacune des trois bobines (3) ou de la pluralité de branches longitudinales partielles (1b1, 1b2) l'une après l'autre dans chaque espace intérieur (29) des trois bobines, un écarteur (15) étant respectivement placée entre elles,
    f) mettre en place des écarteurs (15) sur les surfaces frontales supérieures des trois branches longitudinales (1a, b),
    g) assembler un deuxième joug (2) de tôles à manivelle en C (4a, b),
    h) insérer le deuxième joug (2) avec les extensions (7a, b) vers le bas dans les espaces intérieurs de bobine (29) des deux bobines extérieures (3) entre les bandes de sécurité (12),
    i) appliquer le dispositif de serrage (6) sur le noyau de fer (24) et serrer les deux jougs l'un contre l'autre.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, où
    avant l'enfichage des trois bobines (3), les trois bobines (3) sont reliées mécaniquement les unes aux autres pour former une unité de bobine, et/ou l'inductance est recouverte à l'extérieur d'une manière électriquement isolante ou coulée d'une manière électriquement isolante.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications de procédé précédentes,
    le dispositif de serrage (6) étant monté en
    - appliquant une plaque de serrage (17) au-dessus et au-dessous du noyau de fer (24) sur les côtés extérieurs des jougs (2),
    - positionnant et serrant des vis de serrage (25) entre les deux plaques de serrage (17) latéralement à côté du noyau de fer (24) et des bobines (3).
EP15169708.3A 2014-06-04 2015-05-28 Inductance et son procédé de fabrication Active EP3021332B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014107829.2A DE102014107829B4 (de) 2014-06-04 2014-06-04 Induktivität sowie Herstellungsverfahren hierfür und Baukasten

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EP3021332A1 EP3021332A1 (fr) 2016-05-18
EP3021332B1 true EP3021332B1 (fr) 2019-09-18

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CN110729114A (zh) * 2019-10-28 2020-01-24 江苏龙创电气有限公司 一种具有铁芯更换功能的配电变压器

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DE102014107829B4 (de) 2020-07-30
EP3021332A1 (fr) 2016-05-18
DE102014107829A1 (de) 2016-01-07
DK3021332T3 (da) 2019-11-04

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