EP3011694B1 - Procédé et système de modulation de données pour une communication optique - Google Patents

Procédé et système de modulation de données pour une communication optique Download PDF

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EP3011694B1
EP3011694B1 EP14737021.7A EP14737021A EP3011694B1 EP 3011694 B1 EP3011694 B1 EP 3011694B1 EP 14737021 A EP14737021 A EP 14737021A EP 3011694 B1 EP3011694 B1 EP 3011694B1
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block
encoded data
quaternary
data
mapping
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EP3011694A1 (fr
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David S. MILLAR
Toshiaki Akino
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Priority claimed from US13/921,655 external-priority patent/US9112653B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0041—Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • H04L1/0042—Encoding specially adapted to other signal generation operation, e.g. in order to reduce transmit distortions, jitter, or to improve signal shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0041—Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
    • H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
    • H04B10/5561—Digital phase modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0057—Block codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0064—Concatenated codes
    • H04L1/0065—Serial concatenated codes

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to modulating optical signals, and more particularly to modulating the optical signals in multi-dimensions for reliable fiber-optic communications.
  • US 2012/141138 A1 discloses methods, devices and a system for recovering a signal at local oscillator frequency.
  • US 2012/260142 A1 discloses modulation schemes for optical fiber communication.
  • Optical coherent communication systems are naturally suited for modulation with four-dimensional (4D) signal constellations.
  • Four-dimensional modulation formats can achieve substantial gains compared with conventional formats, such as dual-polarization quaternary phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK) and 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM).
  • Polarization-switched QPSK (PS-QPSK) and set-partitioned 128-ary QAM (SP-128QAM) are known to be practical 4D constellations, and they can achieve 1.76 dB and 2.43 dB gains in asymptotic power efficiency, respectively.
  • Gains of up to 1.5 dB can be achieved with forward-error correction (FEC). While some higher-dimensional modulation formats are known, their application to optical communications has been limited to the 4D case because of their increased complexity.
  • FEC forward-error correction
  • the embodiments of the invention provide a method according to claim 1 and a system according to claim 4 for modulating an optical signal for reliable fiber-optic communications.
  • Fig. 1 shows a system and method for modulating an optical signal according to embodiments of our invention.
  • the system includes a transmitter 100 connected to a receiver 200 by an optical fiber channel 150.
  • data from a source 101 is outer encoded 110.
  • the outer encoder adds forward error correction (FEC) redundancy 115.
  • FEC forward error correction
  • a block encoder is applied to an output of the outer encoder to produce encoded data 125.
  • the block encoding is designed to increase the Hamming distances between constellation points that represent the data.
  • a mapper 130 increases the Euclidian distances between constellation points to produce mapped data 135.
  • the code, in the form of the mapped data can be modulated 140 to a modulated signal that is transmitted through the optical channel 150.
  • the transmission can use dense wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), multi-mode spatial multiplexing, multi-core spatial multiplexing, sub-carrier signaling, single-carrier signaling, and combination thereof.
  • WDM dense wavelength-division multiplexing
  • WDM dense wavelength-division multiplexing
  • multi-mode spatial multiplexing multi-core spatial multiplexing
  • sub-carrier signaling single-carrier signal
  • the steps of the transmitter are performed in a reverse order, wherein the modulated signal is demoduled, demappedg, block-decoding, and FEC decoded to recover the data.
  • front-end processing 210 and channel equalization 220 are applied to the received optical modulated signal.
  • a block decision 230 is made to feed the soft-decision information to outer decoding 240 to recover the data for a data sink 102.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example mapping of 24D basis vector (D 1 , ..., D 24 ) to the 4D carrier in a time domain, where E XI is the in-phase component of the optical carrier on the horizental polarization, E XQ is the quadrature component of the optical carrier on the horizental polarization, E YI is the in-phase component on the vertical polarization, and E Yq is the quadrature component on the vertical polarization.
  • a Gray-coded hypercube constellation i.e., a constellation where each dimension has a value ⁇ 1 that is independent of all other dimensions and every dimension is bit-labeled independently
  • the squared Euclidean distance between constellation points is linearly proportional to the Hamming distance. Therefore, we use a code designed to increase the Hamming distance and the Euclidean distance between constellation points. Taking advantage of this effect, we use the extended Golay code to determine a subset of the 24D hypercube. Then, the subset determines our constellation.
  • the extended Golay code encodes 12 bits of information into a 24-bit word with a minimum Hamming distance. While this code has been used with an appropriate decoding matrix to correct for errors in wireless communication and memories, we take maximum-likelihood (ML) decisions in 24D to maintain soft information for a forward-error correction (FEC) decoder.
  • ML maximum-likelihood
  • the block decision can be done by using soft-information belief propagation over a graphical representation (factor graph) of the block codes. It is also possible to use a lattice decoding or sphere decoding to reduce the complexity, which enables a practical implementation of the invention for short block sizes and real-time processing.
  • the 2 12 points that correspond to valid extended Golay codewords are our constellation points, from a possible 2 24 points on the 24D hypercube.
  • the minimum squared Euclidean distance increases by a factor of 8 compared with the 24D hypercube, which has identical performance to that of DP-QPSK, while the mean energy per bit is doubled. Therefore, asymptotic power efficiency is increased by 6 dB compared with the 24D hypercube. Because the constellation is a a subset of the hypercube, the transmitter and receiver can be similar those used with DP-QPSK modulation.
  • Fig. 3 compares the bit error rate (BER) performance over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels for noise sensitivity in dB for 12b-24D-GCHC, DP-BPSK/QPSK, PS-QPSK, and a 12b-24D Leech lattice.
  • BER bit error rate
  • AWGN additive white Gaussian noise
  • PS-QPSK which is an optimal 4D format in terms of asymptotic power efficiency, which has a gain over DP-QPSK of 1 dB at a BER of 10 -3 and by 0.6 dB at a BER of 10 -2 .
  • 12b-24D-GCHC has superior performance than a 12-bit 24D constellation based on spherical cutting of the Leech lattice, which is the densest kown lattice in 24D.
  • the performance gain of 12b-24D Leech compared to DP-QPSK is 2.8 dB at a BER of 10 -3 and 1.6 dB at a BER of 10 -2 . This implies that optimization of labeling and packing is difficult for such high-dimensional modulations, and that our hypercube lattice with linear codes can resolve its difficulty.
  • Fig. 4 shows span loss budget for 50-span transmission link with a target BER of 10 -3 with 95% inline dispersion compensation per span, and Fig. 5 without inline dispersion compensation.
  • Another non-claimed example uses a single parity-check code to increase the Hamming distance for 8D hypercube lattice modulations.
  • the 7-bit data are encoded by a block encoder to generate 8-bit coded word.
  • Each bit is modulated by BPSK per dimension, and then 8-dimensional BPSK mapped to the 4D optical carrier.
  • the decoder procedure is same as the previous embodiment.
  • the benefit of the 8D modulation is lower complex in both the encoder and the decoder.
  • Near-perfect block codes which offers the maximum possible Hamming distance over the hypercube lattice for a target data rate and dimensions.
  • Near-perfect block codes include linear and nonlinear codes, or combinations of near-perfect cdes.
  • hypercube lattice the increase of the Hamming distance can lead to the increase of Euclidean distance.
  • Higher-dimensional lattice modulation can achieve better decoding for signals subject to linear and nonlinear noise.
  • the block code is designed by greedy sphere cutting to sequentially select the closes points over high-dimensional lattice point.
  • Fig. 6A To map high-dimensional lattice constellations, it is possible to use other mapping methods than the one shown in Fig. 6A .
  • example mapping are shown in Figs. 6B and 6C.
  • Fig. 6B has a benefit that each polarization signals become independent, and hence, it is more resistant to undesired polarization skewnes.
  • Fig. 6C has an advantage that no precise 4D signal generator is required.
  • constellations can represent the data modulated by modulation scheme, such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and phase-shift keying (PSK).
  • QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
  • PSK phase-shift keying
  • the constellation represents the data as a multi-dimensional scatter diagram in a complex plane at sampling instants.
  • Spatial-division multiplexing for optical communication on a 24D channel with 12 spatial and polarization modes is also suitable for 24D Golay-coded modulation.
  • we use a 24D basis comprising six consecutive 4D symbols in time.
  • Other possible mappings have similar performance in a linear regime.
  • the blcok-coded lattice modulation can maximize the minimal Euclidean distance over multiple bits, although there is no guarantee to minimize the BER.
  • an eigenvalue decomposion of the pairwise error probability matrix is used to minimize the union bound of the BER at a target signal to noise ratio (SNR).
  • the method first determines the pairwise error probability between all possible lattice constellations. Using a graph spectrum technique, only a small number of dominant eigenvectors can be obtained by eigenvalue decomposition of nonnegative matrix, i.e., a pairwise error probability table. The eigenvectors can partition the bit labeling by its sign. After the eigen set-partitioning, simulated annealing (SA) is used to refine the labeling to minimize the BER.
  • SA simulated annealing
  • the method of the invention uses different FEC codes for different modulations.
  • EXIT extrinsic information transfer
  • the edge degree distribution can be optimized for different high-dimensional modulations.
  • the invention uses a mutual information trajectory for practical finite iteration decoding.
  • the FEC codes can have the LDPC code with a concatenation of another algebraic codes such as BCH and Reed-Solomon (RS) codes.
  • RS Reed-Solomon
  • one embodiment feeds soft-decision information 135 back from the FEC decoder to a short block-coded modulation decoder.
  • This turbo iteration can reduce the remaining errors, although the complexity can increase.
  • Fig. 7A shows an example optical transmitter that uses 8-D modulation for 12 bit codes (b1, ..., b12).
  • the bits are received from an encoder for serial to parallel conversion 701. This is followed by modulation 702 to (D1, ..., D8), 4-D mapping 703, and digital to analog conversion 704, which are low pass filtered (LPF) 705.
  • the filtered signal is I/Q modulated 706 for a transmition (TX) laser 707.
  • a high-dimensional modulation maps p-digit encoded binary codewords to 2p points in an N dimensional space, yielding p/N bits, symbol or dimension spectral efficiency (SE).
  • SE dimension spectral efficiency
  • Hybrid modulation in a form of serially allocated multiple simple sub-formats inside a 'supersymbol' is one approach for high-dimensional modulation.
  • Proportion of the sub-formats is adjusted for a given p/N, where N is determined by a size of the supersymbol, and a constellation is formed by the constellations of the sub-formats, with an average power adjusted for the target bit error ratio (BER).
  • BER bit error ratio
  • spherical lattice cutting Another high-dimensional modulation is spherical lattice cutting, where 2p symbol points are determined from an infinite size densest lattice in the N dimensional space to minimize the average constellation energy. For corresponding binary labelings of each constellation point, a random search method is used Inside a conventional DP transmittter, spherical lattice-cut modulation is implemented by a look-up table of size 2p by N.
  • Short length block codes consititute the third high-dimensional modulation approach.
  • Implementation of 4-D PS-QPSK by length-4 binary single-parity check code is an example. Assuming 1 signal levels per dimension, the block code should have a block length N and message length p/l for a target SE.
  • N is desired because maximum-likelihood demodulation complexity scales as O(N ⁇ 2 p ) .
  • a quaternary block coded high-dimensional modulation includes stages as shown in Fig. 7B .
  • the example uses 12 bits 710 as shown in Fig. 7A .
  • quaternary block-coded and spherical lattice-cut formats provide gains up to 0.5 dB with respect to hybrid modulation formats, as expected from an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
  • AWGN additive white Gaussian noise
  • DP-QPSK is resistant to nonlinearity because of a high noise margin and low peak-to-average power ratio, whereas, DP-8QAM significantly suffers from nonlinearity.
  • hybrid modulation formats yield worse achievable optimum performance and higher susceptibility to a high signal power.
  • quaternary block-coded and spherical lattice-cut formats have higher noise margins and nonlinearity tolerance, yielding up to 1.3 dB improvements for the optimum span loss budget compared to hybrid modulation formats with the same SE.
  • Spherical lattice-cut modulations can be observed to have similar performances with quaternary coded modulations until the optimum launch power for many SE cases.
  • spherical lattice-cut modulation formats have very nonuniform power distribution, resulting in substantial susceptibility to nonlinearity beyond the optimum launch power.
  • quaternary block-coded modulation formats have low implementation complexity, high noise margin and high nonlinearity tolerance, that render these codes as candidates for next generation capacity approaching ultra-long haul systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Error Detection And Correction (AREA)
  • Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Procédé de modulation de données pour une communication optique, comprenant les étapes ci-dessous consistant à :
    coder les données au moyen d'un codeur de correction d'erreurs sans voie de retour (FEC) (110) en vue de produire des données codées ;
    coder (730) les données codées, en utilisant un codeur de blocs (120), en vue de produire des chaînes de données à blocs codés de symboles quaternaires (740) selon un calcul « modulo 4 », dans lequel les distances Lee entre les chaînes de données à blocs codés sont augmentées en employant des codes de blocs quaternaires avec une distance Lee minimale maximale ;
    mettre en correspondance (750) les chaînes de données à blocs codés avec des dimensions I/Q, en soustrayant une valeur de 1,5 de chaque symbole quaternaire des chaînes de données à blocs codés, et mettre en correspondance deux symboles quaternaires avec des dimensions I et Q, respectivement, en vue de former un unique symbole complexe, afin de produire des données mises en correspondance ; et
    moduler, dans un émetteur (100), les données mises en correspondance en un signal modulé pour un canal optique (150).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la mise en correspondance utilise des combinaisons quelconques de bases orthogonales, notamment une polarisation, une phase, un temps, une fréquence, une longueur d'onde, un mode spatial et une âme de fibre.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre :
    la mise en oeuvre d'une démodulation, d'un démappage, d'un décodage de blocs, et d'un décodage de correction FEC du signal modulé, dans un récepteur (200), en vue de récupérer les données.
  4. Système de modulation de données pour une communication optique, comprenant :
    un codeur de correction d'erreurs sans voie de retour (FEC) (110) configuré de manière à produire des données codées à partir des données ;
    un codeur de blocs (120, 730) configuré de manière à produire des chaînes de données à blocs codés de symboles quaternaires (740) selon un calcul « modulo 4 », dans lequel les distances Lee entre les chaînes de données à blocs codés sont augmentées en employant des codes de blocs quaternaires avec une distance Lee minimale maximale ;
    un module de mise en correspondance (130, 750) configuré de manière à produire des données mises en correspondance à partir des chaînes de données à blocs codés, en mettant en correspondance (750) les chaînes de données à blocs codés avec des dimensions I/Q, en soustrayant une valeur de 1,5 de chaque symbole quaternaire des chaînes de données à blocs codés, et en mettant en correspondance deux symboles quaternaires avec des dimensions I et Q, respectivement, en vue de former un unique symbole complexe ; et
    un émetteur (100) configuré de manière à moduler les données mises en correspondance en un signal modulé pour un canal optique (150).
EP14737021.7A 2013-06-19 2014-06-16 Procédé et système de modulation de données pour une communication optique Active EP3011694B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/921,655 US9112653B2 (en) 2013-06-19 2013-06-19 Method and system for modulating optical signals as high-dimensional lattice constellation points to increase tolerance to noise
US14/060,061 US9584259B2 (en) 2013-06-19 2013-10-22 Quaternary block-coded high-dimensional modulation for coherent optical communications
PCT/JP2014/066490 WO2014204005A1 (fr) 2013-06-19 2014-06-16 Procédé et système de modulation de données pour une communication optique

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CN105359445B (zh) 2019-02-15
EP3011694A1 (fr) 2016-04-27
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