EP3005726B1 - Akustisches system mit einem gehäuse mit adsorbierendem pulver - Google Patents

Akustisches system mit einem gehäuse mit adsorbierendem pulver Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3005726B1
EP3005726B1 EP14734409.7A EP14734409A EP3005726B1 EP 3005726 B1 EP3005726 B1 EP 3005726B1 EP 14734409 A EP14734409 A EP 14734409A EP 3005726 B1 EP3005726 B1 EP 3005726B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
powder
acoustic system
vibrate
activated carbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14734409.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3005726A1 (de
Inventor
Karlheinz Bay
Michael Leistner
Philipp LEISTNER
Waldemar MAYSENHÖLDER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Publication of EP3005726A1 publication Critical patent/EP3005726A1/de
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Publication of EP3005726B1 publication Critical patent/EP3005726B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2803—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2876—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of damping material, e.g. as cladding
    • H04R1/288—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of damping material, e.g. as cladding for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2884—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of the enclosure structure, i.e. strengthening or shape of the enclosure
    • H04R1/2888—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of the enclosure structure, i.e. strengthening or shape of the enclosure for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
    • H04R29/001—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R21/00—Variable-resistance transducers
    • H04R21/02—Microphones

Definitions

  • the application relates to an acoustic system with a housing with adsorbent powder.
  • the compliance of the mostly air-filled cavity volume determines their effect at low frequencies, regardless of whether they are sound generating or attenuating systems. It is true that the larger the volume, the greater the acoustic compliance and the greater the acoustic performance. In order to increase the lack of space, the acoustic compliance of smaller cavities, therefore, manipulations are required. Attempts to achieve this have resulted, inter alia, in filling the housing with absorbent or adsorbent materials. Simply because the absorption is a volume effect, the known porous materials prove to be applicable. However, the effect on increasing the acoustic compliance is both theoretically and practically limited, especially since the volume is just the critical size.
  • Adsorption is a surface effect that can theoretically be increased extremely, as long as the effective surface area can be increased in a volume-neutral manner.
  • these are usually activated carbon, which is used as a coating of moldings or in granular form in the housing, as described in detail later FIG. 1 will be shown.
  • Activated carbon is comparatively inexpensive and readily available. But it also has application-specific disadvantages, one of which is the susceptibility to humidity. Therefore, technical focus Embodiments of charcoal-filled housings, especially in loudspeakers, for protection and handling of moisture in the housings.
  • a loudspeaker arrangement is known.
  • a housing available.
  • a housing wall is partially formed by a membrane.
  • a drive that stimulates the membrane to vibrate.
  • a region in which powdered activated carbon is arranged.
  • the activated carbon is housed in a shell, such as a bag. This prevents above all that the activated carbon in the housing is free to move and damage the drive that stimulates the membrane to vibrate.
  • drives are usually coils with an annular gap. If the fine powdery activated carbon gets there, the drive can be damaged.
  • a telephone transmitter which has a membrane.
  • the membrane is part of a housing wall.
  • the housing encloses a volume.
  • Activated carbon powder is firmly enclosed in one part of the housing.
  • the activated carbon powder serves the electrical line.
  • activated carbon can adsorb gas as a function of pressure.
  • Wikipedia (as of 04.06.2013) as well as in the EP 1 786 410 A1 falsely that A b sorption.
  • Kundt dust tube Also described in Wikipedia is the Kundt dust tube.
  • a Kundt dust tube it is possible to make visible sound waves in a glass tube. For example, bearberry spores are moved by the intense sound wave and collect at the points where the sound velocity of the sound waves is smallest, that is, in the nodes of the standing wave. The Bärlappsporen be moved by the sound waves.
  • the object is both to enhance the acoustic effect and to reduce or eliminate the practical problems.
  • an acoustic system in particular a sound transducer to provide, with a housing which encloses a volume and in which at least one surface or a partial surface is formed by a vibratory stored sheet, wherein in the volume powder of adsorbent material with adsorption-effective surface is present, wherein the powder is selected so that a movement of the powder takes place by vibrations of the vibrationally mounted sheet in the volume.
  • the movement must be such that an adsorptive surface is increased, wherein the adsorbent material is selected so that an increase in the pressure due to vibrations of the vibrationally supported sheet adsorption of in-volume air or gas takes place.
  • activated carbon is often chosen because activated carbon has the desired adsorption properties and has a high surface area.
  • the powder of adsorbent material is to be chosen to reduce the stiffness of the transducer so that the vibrations of the vibrationally supported sheet cause a movement of the powder.
  • This teaching is not limited to activated carbon powder with the mentioned grain size.
  • the powder is freely movable in the housing. This goes beyond the said fluidizability.
  • the powder can be in different places in the housing and not just in a certain area. This eliminates a separation of this area, so that the powder can be easily swirled by the sound waves.
  • the powder is usually distributed depending on the gravity and thus dependent on the installation position of the transducer in the housing. In comparison with the one from the EP 1 868 410 A1 known arrangement, in which the powder is housed in bags, it should thus result in a much better Verwirbeliana, so that the stiffness of the transducer can be lowered more efficiently. In any case, the air can better get to the powder particles and adsorb better there. In addition, a shell around the powder must not hinder the sound entry, so that may increase expensive materials and of course the packaging costs.
  • the invention is also applicable to acoustic systems in which a drive unit is provided, with which the vibrationally mounted sheet can be excited to vibrate
  • activated carbon is selected as the adsorbent material.
  • powder with a particle size of less than 0.1 mm is advantageous. At least a mass fraction of 50% of the powder should be present at a particle size of less than 0.08 mm, preferably less than 0.05 mm, particularly preferably less than 0.045 mm. It should be noted that the grain sizes are usually resulting from a screening. When screening a certain distribution is unavoidable. For example, in a powder which has been sieved to a particle size of 0.05 mm, individual particles with a particle size of almost 0.1 mm are usually also contained.
  • powdered activated carbon is commonly used when a mass fraction of at least 50% has a particle size range of 0.045 mm. At the same time, the mass fraction with a particle size range greater than 0.071 mm is less than 25%.
  • carbon nanotubes are selected as the adsorbent material. Carbon nanotubes sometimes have favorable adsorption properties and are well available in the meantime. Silica gel or zeolite can also be used as adsorbent materials.
  • the vibrationally supported sheet is a membrane, in particular a plastic membrane.
  • Membranes in particular plastic membranes, have proven themselves for sound transducers.
  • a drive unit is provided outside the housing, with which the vibrationally mounted sheet can be excited to vibrate.
  • the function of the drive unit could be adversely affected in the present case by the powder present in the housing.
  • a drive unit with which the vibrationally mounted sheet can be excited to vibrate, wherein the drive unit is insensitive to the powder present in the housing.
  • Conceivable for example, are sheets which are constructed from multilayer films in which oscillations can be excited by applying an alternating voltage and corresponding electrostatic repulsions and attractions.
  • This foil-like structure can be the Drive unit and a part of the vibrationally supported sheet surrounded so that no powder can penetrate.
  • the foil-like structure can be part of the oscillatingly supported structure. It is understood that the arrangement of the drive unit outside the housing also represents a drive unit which is insensitive to the powder present in the housing.
  • the housing is hygrically sealed. Under a hygrischen tightness is to be understood that is prevented by penetrating ambient moisture, the powder is wet and its adsorbing function is limited. It should first be remembered that the adsorption can generally be limited to moist material. In addition, moist powder can only swirl very difficult. Overall, it should be noted that adsorbent materials, such as activated carbon, are often hydrophilic.
  • more than half of the housing volume is filled with powder.
  • the degree of filling it is necessary to balance between two requirements.
  • the highest possible air volume is desirable because a larger volume can be compressed more easily.
  • a high degree of filling with powder is desirable in order to have as much adsorption material as possible. It makes sense to fill more than half of the volume of the housing with powder.
  • a sound pressure sensor in particular a microphone, is present in the housing.
  • the sound pressure in the housing can be better detected and amplified or attenuated depending on the sound pressure by a corresponding control unit, the excitation of the vibrationally mounted sheet.
  • This allows a further reduction in stiffness, so that the reduction in rigidity achieved by the use of powder of adsorbent material can be enhanced.
  • the sound pressure sensor must be suitably protected in order to prevent it from being impaired by the powder.
  • a sensor electrode is arranged in the housing, such that the arrangement of sensor electrode, powder of adsorbent material and housing forms an electrical circuit whose resistance is variable by a change in density of the powder, so that by measuring the change in resistance Statement about sound that causes a movement of the powder is possible.
  • This is mainly due to the fact that with a higher density of the powder, the particles of the powder are closer to each other and thus have a higher contact surface. This allows the flow to flow better from one particle to another particle.
  • the powder must of course be electrically conductive, as is the case with activated carbon.
  • the technical solution based on the use of activated carbon powder whose dominant volume fraction of activated carbon particles having a size significantly smaller than 100 microns.
  • This size is associated with a mass per particle, in which the weight of the particles is more and more in the order of magnitude of the surface pressure acting on the particles by the sound pressure.
  • a sound pressure level above about 50 dB is called. It should be emphasized that this value is difficult to determine and should be considered as a rough guide only.
  • the small activated carbon particles begin to move, triggered by the sound pressure. The adsorption of the gas or air molecules therefore no longer takes place only on the statically available surface of the activated carbon. The inconspicuous step towards smaller activated carbon particles at first glance has surprising consequences.
  • the acoustic compliance with air filling can quadruple in the case of small transducers and housings.
  • the rule published so far the more activated carbon in a housing, the better, is at least relativized. It must be specified that the larger the dynamically offered surface of the activated carbon particles, the better, since this increases the adsorption effect.
  • the surface effect adsorption is superimposed and amplified with a dynamic volume effect.
  • FIG. 2 shows the activated carbon particles 3 are swirled by the sound pressure in the housing 2, which is caused by movements of the membrane 1.
  • the activated carbon particles 3 are thus swirled in the housing 2. This increases as it were the area B, in which the air molecules are located and attach to the activated carbon particles.
  • FIG. 2 It should be noted that this is really only to be understood schematically. As mentioned, it is by no means necessary for the powder to be distributed throughout the housing. Of course, such a distribution does not preclude the function.
  • a metallic electrode 4 is placed in a filled with such a fine activated carbon powder 3 housing 2 and pre-polarized with a low DC voltage, as in FIG. 3 to recognize.
  • the loudspeaker generates sound vibrations, that is, the diaphragm 1 vibrates, this raises itself
  • Electrode 4 a the sound pressure proportional AC voltage.
  • the electrode 4 acts together with the moving activated carbon particles like a microphone.
  • the pre-polarized electrode in the housing offers a functional expansion possibility, which in a somewhat modified form, for example in FIG DE 19746645 Use finds.
  • the proportional to the sound pressure in the housing 2 AC voltage at the electrode corresponds in principle to the signal of a microphone at the same place.
  • the simple metal electrode is much less sensitive to the activated carbon powder.
  • the alternating voltage can be fed back to a vibration drive of the diaphragm 1 by means of a signal processing unit.
  • the sign, the amplitude and the frequency response of the signal processing unit determine whether the vibration drive, for example at low frequencies amplified (negative sign) and attenuated (positive sign) drives the membrane 1. This results in a simple way to affect the acoustic compliance of the housing spectrally.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
EP14734409.7A 2013-06-07 2014-06-06 Akustisches system mit einem gehäuse mit adsorbierendem pulver Active EP3005726B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013210696.3A DE102013210696A1 (de) 2013-06-07 2013-06-07 Akustisches System mit einem Gehäuse mit adsorbierendem Pulver
PCT/EP2014/061872 WO2014195476A1 (de) 2013-06-07 2014-06-06 Akustisches system mit einem gehäuse mit adsorbierendem pulver

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3005726A1 EP3005726A1 (de) 2016-04-13
EP3005726B1 true EP3005726B1 (de) 2017-01-11

Family

ID=51059416

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14734409.7A Active EP3005726B1 (de) 2013-06-07 2014-06-06 Akustisches system mit einem gehäuse mit adsorbierendem pulver

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US10178468B2 (ko)
EP (1) EP3005726B1 (ko)
KR (1) KR102234407B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN105532015B (ko)
DE (1) DE102013210696A1 (ko)
ES (1) ES2615055T3 (ko)
WO (1) WO2014195476A1 (ko)

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GB2567608B (en) 2015-07-07 2019-10-09 Nanoscape Ag Improved material for rapid gas sorption in loudspeakers
US10667038B2 (en) 2016-12-07 2020-05-26 Apple Inc. MEMS mircophone with increased back volume
US11832050B2 (en) * 2018-09-19 2023-11-28 Apple Inc. Zeolitic material for improving loudspeaker performance
US10783867B2 (en) * 2018-11-08 2020-09-22 Apple Inc. Acoustic filler including acoustically active beads and expandable filler
KR102564273B1 (ko) * 2018-12-19 2023-08-07 삼성전자주식회사 디스플레이장치
CN115547284A (zh) * 2022-09-02 2022-12-30 瑞声科技（南京）有限公司 一种多孔复合吸声材料及其制备方法
CN115297422B (zh) * 2022-10-08 2022-12-20 武汉珈声科技有限公司 一种用于分析微型扬声器声学增强材料性能的方法

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DE19746645C1 (de) 1997-10-22 1999-05-20 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Adaptiver akustischer Monitor
GB2378082B (en) 2001-07-26 2005-03-09 Kh Technology Corp Improvements in loudspeakers
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CN101416528B (zh) * 2006-04-03 2012-10-24 松下电器产业株式会社 扬声器系统
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105532015A (zh) 2016-04-27
CN105532015B (zh) 2020-03-17
DE102013210696A1 (de) 2014-12-11
US20160127821A1 (en) 2016-05-05
KR102234407B1 (ko) 2021-03-30
WO2014195476A1 (de) 2014-12-11
ES2615055T3 (es) 2017-06-05
KR20160019089A (ko) 2016-02-18
US10178468B2 (en) 2019-01-08
EP3005726A1 (de) 2016-04-13

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