EP3004817A1 - Procédé et dispositif de détection d'infrasons - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de détection d'infrasons

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Publication number
EP3004817A1
EP3004817A1 EP14738608.0A EP14738608A EP3004817A1 EP 3004817 A1 EP3004817 A1 EP 3004817A1 EP 14738608 A EP14738608 A EP 14738608A EP 3004817 A1 EP3004817 A1 EP 3004817A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
infrasound
detection
source
detection device
mist
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14738608.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3004817B1 (fr
Inventor
Petra Sonja Biedermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BIEDERMANN, PETRA SONJA
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3004817A1 publication Critical patent/EP3004817A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3004817B1 publication Critical patent/EP3004817B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for detecting infrasound.
  • the invention relates to a method and a device, with which the direction and optionally the position of an infrasound source can be determined.
  • Infrasound refers to sound waves that are below the limit of approx. 16 Hz perceptible by human hearing, but above natural atmospheric pressure fluctuations. The lower their frequency, the more unimpeded infrasonic waves propagate. Airborne infrasound can still be detected several kilometers away from a source; in water, the distance is even many times greater.
  • Non-natural sources of infrasound are, for example, supersonic aircraft, explosions (also eg by weapons tests), but also industrial companies using machinery, as well as ventilation systems. Even wind turbines, whose moving rotor blades cause a compression of the air between them and the tower when passing through the lowest position, produce rhythmically low-frequency vibrations. Likewise, heavy goods traffic on bridges can generate infrasound. Other sources include ship movements or high sea state. There is an interest in simple, effective infrasound measurement methods because it is repeatedly reported that infrasound has a negative impact on well-being and health. But even the possibility of damage to structures by permanent infrasound effect requires its determination.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a cost-effective detection method for infrasound, a localization method for infrasound sources, and a device for carrying out these detection or localization methods.
  • the detection method according to the invention will first be described below. Subsequently, the description of a localization method using this detection method as well as a description of devices with which this measurement or localization method can be carried out.
  • the detection method is used to detect infrasound at a measuring location.
  • a container is partially filled with a bedding in carrier medium mist, so that a Fog surface is present. This is exposed to an infrasonic source.
  • the infrasonic source is preferably substantially in the same plane as the nebular surface. According to the invention, the resulting due to the incoming infrasonic wave pressure change over time leads to the formation of an optically detectable directed front of the fog surface.
  • the carrier medium is in particular a gas such as air, and as droplets are preferably droplets of water into consideration. These can be generated by known methods. Due to the fact that the droplets sink to the bottom and collect at the bottom of the container, the o.g. Fog surface. However, the mist may also consist of solid particles (smoke) or the like. By mixing with the carrier medium, the particles float in it, whereby after some time said fog surface must form; The mass of the particles must therefore not be completely removed from the buoyancy in the carrier medium.
  • the inventive detection method detectable Infraschallereig ⁇ nisse can be made visible and thus detectable otherwise difficult and only with great effort.
  • the detection method is simple and allows at least qualitative detection of infrasound.
  • the direction in which the infrasound source lies can be determined, since the directed front is approximately perpendicular to the direction of incidence of the infrasound. For this reason, it is also advantageous if the levels of the fog surface and the infrasound source do not deviate too much from one another.
  • the detection method can also be used when the infrasound source is above the detection device, for example.
  • the front is then not substantially parallel to the surface of the mist, but approximately in the vertical direction, which is less visually detectable. Due to gravity, however, the above-mentioned phase boundary will always be parallel to the earth's surface.
  • the invention makes it possible to detect infrasonic waves in a cost-effective manner since only simple components are required to carry out the detection method, as will be shown below.
  • the fog surface is illuminated in order to make it more optically detectable.
  • a lateral impact of light on the fog surface allows a good visibility of the occurrence of the directed front, as it runs from one side to the other, which is true at least in the case of approximately coplanar levels of fog surface and infrasonic source.
  • theensgeschwindig ⁇ speed and / or height of the front can be easier to see. These in turn can be a measure of the intensity and / or frequency of the infrasonic wave.
  • the mist originates from a nebulizable liquid and is produced by a nebuliser which is arranged in the container or on a wall thereof.
  • a nebuliser which is arranged in the container or on a wall thereof.
  • the Vernebier is directly or indirectly with this Liquid in contact, wherein the liquid is preferably water.
  • the liquid is dark colored. This increases the contrast between the fog surface, which is typically perceived to be rather bright due to the optional illumination, and the background, which is anyway not relevant for the measurement, which is formed by the liquid surface and / or bottom of the container.
  • the detection takes place over a certain period of time, ie, it does not only consist of a single snapshot at a specific time.
  • the shortest period of time is one second.
  • a directional front takes about one to two seconds to cross the container.
  • detection times of ten seconds to two minutes are better. This ensures that the entire traverse of the front has been detected.
  • periods of several hours may be useful - especially if the infrasound not continuously, but arrives at not anticipated times.
  • the fog surface is recorded during the detection by means of a video camera.
  • the images of the video camera are applied to image processing for calculating the direction, magnitude and / or frequency of the infrasound.
  • image processing for calculating the direction, magnitude and / or frequency of the infrasound.
  • the calculation or the comparison can also be made manually or semi-automatically, for example by manually comparing the images using preferably a computer.
  • a determination of the respective detection location is carried out according to an embodiment, for example by using a GPS device or also by manually determining the position on a map.
  • Wind direction and wind speed have an influence on the Propagation direction and (relative to the ground measured) also on the propagation velocity.
  • a control of the air pressure for example by means of a barometer, advantageous. It is clear that all these parameters can advantageously be included in a manual or particularly preferably automated evaluation in order to further increase the quality of the detection / measurement.
  • the detection method according to the invention can also be advantageously used to determine the exact position of an infrasound source.
  • a plurality of detections which are described above, are carried out simultaneously or with a time delay at different detection locations, wherein the direction of the infrasound source is deduced from the position of the directed front of the respective detection result in conjunction with its respective detection location.
  • the simultaneous detection is preferred, in particular when the infrasound source only emits infrasound temporarily. Otherwise, the position of the infrasound source can also be reconstructed with a single detection device, which is brought to the different detection sites sequentially.
  • the position of the infrasound source can already be deduced if two, but preferably at least three, results of different (and sufficiently far apart) detection sites are present.
  • a map of the environment in which the detection locations and the orientation of the directed fronts can be entered is helpful. Of course, this process is fully or partially automated.
  • the detection sites are arranged around a suspected infrasound source. In this way, the error in localization is easily minimized.
  • the location of the source of infrasound is initially unknown, its approximate location can be determined by a plurality of detections. Then the exact position is determined by appropriately optimized detection / measurement at possibly further detection locations.
  • the method according to the invention can also be applied from the air, for example when flying over suspected sources of infrasound, an at least approximate localization can be carried out in this way in a time-saving manner by performing local and time-shifted detections.
  • the nebular surfaces can be recorded by means of one or more video cameras and supplied to an image processing for calculating the direction of the infrasound source and / or strength and / or frequency of the infrasound at the respective detection location.
  • image processing for calculating the direction of the infrasound source and / or strength and / or frequency of the infrasound at the respective detection location.
  • the result of a detection by means of the detection method (fog surface) according to the invention is referred to below as "detection.”
  • the "detection location” in the present case is that location, which is detected by the method according to the invention as described above.
  • “measurements” of a “measuring location” present which are achieved with a different measurement method from the detection method, as will be explained below.
  • a detection site and its corresponding measurement site may or may not be exactly the same.
  • additional measurements are carried out with microphones which can detect a specific minimum frequency.
  • the minimum frequency is for example 3 Hz, which corresponds to the typically lowest frequency that can be measured with sufficient accuracy with conventional microphones.
  • the first of the additional measurements takes place at a first measurement location which is approximately at a distance from the source of infrasound corresponding to the wavelength of that minimum frequency.
  • the first measurement takes place in the vicinity of the infrasound source, it being understood that their position must first be determined, for which purpose the method described above is preferably used.
  • this distance is 100 meters (wavelength of sound of a frequency of 3 Hz), but smaller or longer distances may be advantageous, for example 10 meters, 50 meters, 200 meters or 500 meters.
  • At least a second additional measurement takes place at a second measuring location, which is preferably only a few, e.g. between 1 and 10 meters away from the respective corresponding detection site. It should be noted that by means of the microphones, however, can actually be “measured”, which is why their places are referred to as “locations". The reason for the (albeit small) distance is due to the noise that may occur during operation of an implementing device according to the invention, and therefore disturbs.
  • the additional measurements consist of sound measurements which are carried out in the audible range and / or in the inaudible range from 3 Hz.
  • the additional measurements can also be carried out with other microphones than those which can already measure 3 Hz oscillations, e.g. with microphones with a minimum frequency of 20 Hz. Basically, however, lower frequencies are preferred.
  • the additional measurements are then compared on the time axis corrected with respect to the sound events by means of fingerprinting. Accordingly, the
  • fingerprinting generally refers to recognition by filtering out the similarities of patterns so that they can be assigned to one another.
  • Comparative acoustic recording of sound events produces characteristic signal patterns, for example, by height, groupings of signals and frequencies on the time axis demonstrate.
  • the unique identification of, for example, a sound source is possible by flanking in addition to the infrasound detection according to the invention a detection of the infrasonic event corresponding sound event in the audible (or just below this limit) area.
  • the evaluation of the measurement results is particularly preferably carried out by means of automatic (computer-aided) methods. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to carry out a manual or semi-automatic evaluation (see above).
  • the data of the infrasound detection and the sound measurements upon detection are provided with a precise and unmanipulable time stamp.
  • the invention also relates to a detection device for carrying out the detection method according to the invention.
  • the container is preferably round and preferably has a diameter of 20 to 50 centimeters. Its depth is preferably between 2 and 20 centimeters. To improve the contrast to the mist surface, the inner walls of the container are dark, and preferably black, colored.
  • the carrier medium is preferably a gas, in particular air.
  • a liquid can serve as a carrier medium; to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above statements.
  • the detection device comprises a lighting with which the fog surface can be illuminated.
  • a lighting with which the fog surface can be illuminated.
  • the recognizability of the frontal front-effect forming by infrasonic action can be improved.
  • lighting are all known bulbs.
  • a stroboscope can also be used.
  • illuminations may also be advantageous, for example LEDs, which are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inside of the detection device at the level of the surface of the mist.
  • the detection device comprises a nebulizer, which is arranged in the container or on a wall thereof, so that it is directly or indirectly in contact with a liquid from which the mist can be produced, which is preferably dark in color.
  • the mist can also flow through an opening in the bottom or in the side wall of the container.
  • Another embodiment uses material evaporating at room temperature, such as dry ice, to produce the mist, care being taken to ensure that vortices generated by the evaporation either occur outside the container, or that fog can settle before the detection device enters the actual atmosphere Operation goes. Even solid particles that do not dissolve, such as very fine dust or the like, can be used to generate the mist.
  • the detection device whose container is closed gas-tight, or he has a windbreak. Since the detection of infrasound must often take place outdoors - especially in the long-range "Containment" of suspected infrasound sources - shall ensure that natural air movements do not affect the surface of the mist, unless the material of the container is too thick or dense to allow the infrasonic waves to pass through, the container may be closed, preferably with one transparent lid to ensure the visibility of the fog surface.
  • wind protection can be achieved, for example, by simply increasing the side walls of the container, or by placing the detection device in a tent, vehicle or the like which protects against air movement.
  • the material is in particular air-permeable, but wind-repellent fabric or velvet, less preferably airtight plastic film for wind protection into consideration.
  • the windbreak is also impregnated against moisture / rain. It can be configured as a hood-like coating, which is slipped over the designed as a frame detection device as needed.
  • the detection device comprises a video camera, with which the fog surface is recordable.
  • a high resolution such as, for example, "fill HD” (1080p)
  • the video data which is preferably in digital form, can then be forwarded without any further processing.
  • the camera should be arranged such that it runs approximately perpendicular to the propagation direction of the directed front. For the typical case of an approximately horizontally propagating front, the video camera is therefore to be mounted above the container. It goes without saying that an image field which corresponds to the size of the surface of the mist or only slightly exceeds or falls below it makes sense.
  • the detection device has an image processing, to which the recorded image can be fed to the fog surface and from which it can be evaluated.
  • the image processing provides, for example, for the determination of the direction of the infrasound source, stores all relevant data in a suitable memory, etc.
  • the detection device comprises a device for determining the respective measuring location, e.g. by means of GPS, and / or a device for controlling natural air movements, e.g. by means of an anemometer, and / or means for controlling the air pressure e.g. by means of a barometer.
  • a device for determining the respective measuring location e.g. by means of GPS
  • a device for controlling natural air movements e.g. by means of an anemometer
  • the air pressure e.g. by means of a barometer.
  • the components can be present as separate devices or be integrated into an overall system, which particularly preferably also handles the image processing and further evaluation of the data.
  • the detection device preferably has legs having a structure of a standard height, e.g. 1.20 m, allow.
  • the invention relates to the use of a device described above, ie a device with a container which is teilbehellbar with a bedded in support medium such that there is a fog surface, for the detection of infrasound.
  • a container having a mist surface is suitable for detecting infrasonic events.
  • the use is preferably based on the use of one of the above embodiments with other components (eg Video camera, lighting, ...) for the detection of infrasonic events.
  • the invention also relates to a localization system for localizing an infrasound source.
  • a localization system has as core a plurality of detection devices of the type described above according to the invention. At least two, preferably at least three such Detektionsvor ⁇ devices are therefore combined into a localization system.
  • particularly preferred corresponding data connections also by mobile radio, should exist between the individual detection devices, so that the data obtained can be fed directly to an evaluation.
  • the data can also be obtained "offline" and sent to an evaluation after completion of the data acquisition, or they can be transmitted packet by packet, for example hourly, to a correspondingly equipped receiver unit
  • the mode of operation of such a localization system consisting of several detection devices has likewise already been explained above and will therefore not be repeated here.
  • a detection device according to the invention or the localization system according to the invention can be combined with the sound measurement also already described.
  • a detection device according to the invention or a localization system according to the invention further comprises at least two sound measuring devices for sound, which are designed and positionable as described above, wherein their measurement results can be fed to an evaluation unit for comparing the two measurement results.
  • the measurement system becomes the ability the recording of sound at two locations extended, and the additional measurement results are particularly preferably provided to a computer-aided evaluation, which may also be part of the measuring system, or the same is only assigned.
  • the proposed invention solves the problems known from the prior art. It provides a cost-effective detection method for infrasound, a localization method for infrasound sources, and a device for carrying out these detection or localization methods.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic arrangement of detection devices for localizing an infrasound source.
  • FIG. 2 shows a simple method for localization by means of
  • Figure 3 shows a preferred disclosed embodiment of erfindungsge ⁇ MAESSEN detection device.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows the measurement results with two sound measurement devices before synchronization.
  • FIG. 6 shows the measurement results with two sound measurement devices after synchronization.
  • FIG. 7 shows the matching fingerprints of two synchronized measurement results in the frequency spectrum.
  • FIG. 1 shows, as with a plurality (here: three) detection devices, which are shown as empty circles without reference symbols, the localization of a presumed one Infrasound source is performed. The latter is symbolized schematically by the rectangle in the central region of the figure.
  • the different lengths of double arrows indicate the differing ⁇ chen distances between infrasound source and Detektionsein- directions to.
  • the detection device at the bottom left of the image will detect an infrasound event earlier than the one in the image above, and this again as the image on the right.
  • the arrival times of the sound event are recorded by means of a time stamp.
  • the speed of sound is typically known. Subsequently, it is possible to deduce the position of the infrasound source on the basis of the time stamps and in the case of known detection locations (cf., FIG. 2).
  • the localization is also possible on the basis of the directed fronts of the individual detections, with at least two detections being required at remote detection locations. If lines are drawn in a map that are perpendicular to the respective fronts and in the leaf level, then their intersection point indicates the (at least approximate) position of the infrasound source.
  • two microphones for sound measurements are available (circles with cross). One of these sound measuring devices is located near the source of infrasound, for example 100 meters away. The other one is in the immediate vicinity of one of the three detection locations, typically several kilometers away, in the case shown in the lower right corner of the picture. The distance is there only a few meters.
  • FIG. 2 shows how a localization can be carried out in a simple manner by means of the location and time stamps of several detections.
  • first (first) circle with a radius of 1 ⁇ 330 m (corresponding to a transit time of the sound) may be provided around the first detection device of 1 s) (dashed line)
  • these circles, all shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2 do not yet have a common crossing point.
  • FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the detection device according to the invention.
  • This comprises a container 1 which, according to the illustrated embodiment, is a trough.
  • a liquid F as preferably water.
  • a Vernebier 5 is arranged at the bottom of the container 1. This generates by means of vibration, through the wall above the liquid surface a fine mist N, which in a gaseous carrier medium, in this case air, is embedded.
  • the mist has a mist surface 2 on its upper side.
  • infrasound I is emitted from a remote infrasonic source 3 infrasound I is emitted.
  • the infrasound source 3 is located approximately in the same plane as the nebula surface 2, ie it is arranged substantially neither above nor below, but laterally of the detection device.
  • the infrasound I leads on arrival in the detection device to a directed front 4, which changes as a function of time. The appearance of the front 4 depends on the strength and frequency of the infrasound I.
  • the detection device has a lighting 7. This illuminates the fog surface 2 (radiation cone indicated by dotted lines).
  • the illumination 7 is arranged laterally slightly above the mist surface 2.
  • the detection device also has a video camera 6. This is arranged so that it can absorb the entire surface of the mist 2 if possible (image area indicated by dashed lines). Not shown are electrical leads for power supply of lighting 7, 5 Vernebier and video camera 6, or derivatives for forwarding the images to a likewise not shown image processing, with which the recorded images are evaluated.
  • 4 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the detection device according to the invention. This comprises a round container 1, which is filled with a mist N, so that the mist surface according to the invention results (not shown). The mist N is generated by a non-illustrated Vernebier outside the container 1 and fed via a mist inlet 8 to the container 1.
  • the detection device below the detection device is space for a power supply (rechargeable battery, Not shown) .
  • a power supply rechargeable battery, Not shown
  • the video camera 6 is arranged, facing the container 1.
  • a lighting 7 Slanted above the container 1 is a lighting 7 to improve the visibility of the directed front 4, which moves due to an incoming infrasonic event through the container 1 (dotted line ).
  • the detection device comprises a shelf 9 for instruments (time measurement, GPS, etc.).
  • FIG. 5 shows the measurement results of two sound detection devices which supplement the detection device on top of one another.
  • the amplitude is recorded in the y-direction and the time in the x-direction.
  • the oval circled areas are caused by the same sound event.
  • the displacement can theoretically be calculated from the actual distance to the reference point (1st location, at infrasound source) and the speed of sound. You can already search for matches in the (pre-) synchronized measurements. However, as the distance increases, factors such as wind, rain, air pressure fluctuations, etc. will contribute to the need to adjust the calculated displacement to actually synchronize the matching measurement events. With a time delay of 30 seconds (corresponding to about 10 km distance), the deviation of the calculated from the actual value of the shift is 1 - 3 seconds. It usually continues to grow as the distance increases, provided the factors do not coincidentally compensate each other.
  • FIG. 7 shows how a comparison (fingerprint) of measurement results in the frequency spectrum is represented.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de détection d'infrasons. L'invention concerne en particulier un procédé et un dispositif permettant de déterminer la direction, et optionnellement la position, d'une source d'infrasons. Selon le procédé de détection objet de l'invention, pour la détection d'infrasons (I) en un point de mesure, un récipient (1) partiellement rempli d'un brouillard (N) incorporé dans un fluide porteur de telle manière qu'est produite une surface (2) de brouillard, est exposé à une source d'infrasons (3), de sorte que le changement de pression intervenant dans le temps provoque la formation à la surface (2) du brouillard d'un front orienté (4) détectable optiquement. L'invention concerne également un procédé de localisation permettant de localiser une source d'infrasons (3), lequel consiste à effectuer simultanément ou en décalage dans le temps une pluralité de détections en différents points de détection, et à déduire la direction de la source d'infrasons (3) de la position du front orienté (4) de chaque résultat de détection en relation avec le point de détection concerné.
EP14738608.0A 2013-06-04 2014-06-04 Procédé et dispositif de détection et localisation d'infrasons Active EP3004817B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013105726.8A DE102013105726B3 (de) 2013-06-04 2013-06-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Detektion und Lokalisierung von Infraschall
PCT/IB2014/061947 WO2014195883A1 (fr) 2013-06-04 2014-06-04 Procédé et dispositif de détection d'infrasons

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EP3004817A1 true EP3004817A1 (fr) 2016-04-13
EP3004817B1 EP3004817B1 (fr) 2017-09-06

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US (1) US10180348B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3004817B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013105726B3 (fr)
DK (1) DK3004817T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014195883A1 (fr)

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EP3004817B1 (fr) 2017-09-06
DK3004817T3 (en) 2017-12-11
DE102013105726B3 (de) 2014-12-04
US10180348B2 (en) 2019-01-15
WO2014195883A1 (fr) 2014-12-11
WO2014195883A4 (fr) 2015-02-05
US20160138965A1 (en) 2016-05-19

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