EP3001922B1 - Composite shoe sole, footwear built on same and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a composite shoe sole, footwear constructed therewith and a procedure for the manufacture of such footwear.

The need to choose either a waterproof but sweat-stagnant or a moisture-permeable but also water-permeable shoe bottom structure no longer exists, since there have been shoe bottom structures that are waterproof despite water vapor permeability, due to the use of a perforated or perforated outsole and a waterproof, water vapor-permeable functional layer arranged above it, for example in the form of a membrane. The documents show examples EP 0 275 644 A2 , EP 0 382 904 A2 , EP 1 506 723 A2 , EP 0 858 270 B1 , DE 100 36 100 C1 , EP 959704 B1 , WO 2004/028 284 A1 , DE 20 2004 08539 U1 and WO 2005/065479 A1

Since the human foot has a strong tendency to sweat, the aim of the present invention is to provide footwear which has a shoe bottom structure with a particularly high water vapor permeability without impairing its stability too much.

In the case of footwear with an outsole with small openings according to EP 0 382 904 A2 sufficient stability of the sole structure can be achieved with a normally stiff outsole material, but with only moderate water vapor permeability of the shoe bottom.

Sole structures according to EP 959 704 B1 and WO 2004/028 284 A1 , which have an outsole in favor of a higher water vapor permeability, which, in addition to a number of separate outsole studs, essentially only consists of a peripheral frame for the encasing of water vapor permeable material, which is intended to protect a membrane above it from the passage of foreign bodies such as small stones, but not particularly so is stable, does not provide the level of stabilization of the sole structure that is desired for many types of footwear. The outsole in the WO 2004/028284 A1 is formed from the peripheral frame and a plurality of outsole studs, which are distributed within the peripheral frame over the underside of the sole.

The situation is similar with sole structures DE 20 2004 08539 U1 and WO 2005/065479 A1 , in which watertight, water vapor-permeable inserts are used in large openings in the outsole, which have a membrane which covers the respective opening in a watertight manner and underneath a lamellar grille which serves to protect the membrane against the pushing-in of foreign bodies. Since both the membrane and the lamellar grid are made of relatively soft material, so that they can hardly contribute to stabilizing the sole structure, the stability of the sole structure is weakened at the locations of the large openings.

A better stabilization of the shoe bottom structure is according to a sports shoe DE 100 36 100 C1 , the outsole of which is formed from outsole parts with large openings, in that the outsole parts are arranged on the underside of a carrier layer made of pressure-resistant plastic, which is provided with grid-like openings at the points which lie above the large openings of the outsole parts, and thus how the outsole parts are permeable to water vapor. A membrane is arranged between the support layer and an inner sole located above it for the purpose of water vapor permeability with through holes, with which not only water resistance should be achieved with water vapor permeability but which should also prevent small stones which cannot prevent the lattice openings of the support layer, penetrate into the interior of the shoe. The membrane, which is easily vulnerable to mechanical influences, should therefore offer protection that it actually needs.

Other solutions, for example according to EP 1 506 723 A2 and EP 0 858 270 B1 , provide a protective layer underneath the membrane as protection against the penetration of foreign bodies such as pebbles through a perforated outsole to the membrane.

In embodiments of the EP 1 506 723 A2 the membrane and the protective layer are connected to one another by means of a dot bond, ie by means of an adhesive pattern applied as a dot matrix. Only the area of the membrane that is not covered by adhesive is still available for water vapor transport Available. The membrane and the protective layer form an adhesive bond, which either forms a sole bond with an outsole, which is attached as such to the shaft bottom of the footwear, or forms part of the shaft bottom, to which only an outsole is then to be attached.

In another embodiment of the EP 1 506 723 A2 If the outsole is divided in two in terms of thickness, both outsole layers are provided with perforations of relatively small diameter which are aligned with one another and the protective layer is arranged between the two outsole layers. The membrane is located on the top of this outsole in the finished footwear. Since only the perforation area portion of this outsole is available for a water vapor passage, only a correspondingly small portion of the membrane area can have an effect on the water vapor passage. In addition, it has been shown that standing air volumes hinder the transport of water vapor. Such standing air volumes form in the perforations of this outsole and their removal by air circulation through the outsole is impaired by the protective layer. In addition to the effect that those areas of the membrane that lie outside the perforations of the outsole and that make up a significant portion of the total membrane area have no effect on the water vapor transport, there is also the fact that the areas of the membrane opposite the perforations also have an effect on the Water vapor transport can only have a limited impact.

WO 2006/010578 A1 discloses a waterproof and breathable sole for shoes that has a structure that has a bottom layer that has at least one large through opening. A net is arranged above the lower layer, which is essentially arranged such that it overlaps the at least one large through opening. A membrane made of a material that is impermeable to water and permeable to water vapor is associated with the net in an upper region, at least at the large opening. The membrane is at least circumferentially hermetically connected to at least one component of the sole in such a way that the rise of liquids is prevented by the circumference of the large opening. A perforated upper layer is arranged above the membrane. The lower layer is formed over the net and partially encloses it.

WO 2005/063069 A2 discloses a waterproof, breathable sole for shoes which has at least two structural layers over at least part of its extent, namely a lower one with a support structure to form the profile and an upper one which is permeable to water vapor. The bottom layer has areas that are open to the top layer. A coating obtained by treatment with plasma deposition is provided for waterproofing on the upper layer.

WO 2004/028284 A1 discloses a waterproof and breathable sole for shoes which has a structure having a support layer, a membrane and a profile which is hermetically connected to the membrane and the support layer.

It is common today in the manufacture of footwear that one manufacturer produces the upper and another manufacturer is responsible for the production of the associated shoe sole or the associated composite shoe sole or for their injection molding onto the shoe upper. Since the manufacturers of shoe soles are usually less equipped and experienced to deal with waterproof, water vapor-permeable membranes, shoe bottom concepts in which the shoe sole compound as such is free of a membrane and the membrane forms part of the upper of the shaft on which the shoe sole compound is arranged are desirable .

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide footwear which has a shoe bottom structure with permanent watertightness and with a particularly high water vapor permeability, preferably while attaining the highest possible stability of the shoe bottom structure, a suitable composite shoe sole and a method for producing footwear.

To achieve this object, the invention makes available footwear according to claim 1 and a method for manufacturing footwear according to claim 14. Further developments of these objects are specified in the respective dependent claims.

According to a first aspect of the invention, a water vapor-permeable composite shoe sole is made available with an upper side that at least has an opening extending through the composite shoe sole thickness. A barrier unit is provided with an upper side which at least partially forms the upper side of the composite shoe sole and with a water-vapor-permeable barrier material designed as a barrier against the pushing of foreign bodies, by means of which the at least one opening is closed in a water-vapor-permeable manner. The barrier material is assigned a stabilization device designed for mechanical stabilization of the composite sole of the shoe sole, which is constructed with at least one stabilization web, which is arranged on at least one surface of the barrier material and which at least partially crosses at least one opening.

At least one outsole part is arranged below the barrier unit. Below the barrier unit means that the at least one outsole part is arranged on the surface of the barrier unit which faces the floor or the ground. This ensures that only the at least one outsole part takes over the function of walking or standing of the composite sole. The at least one outsole part is to be arranged on the barrier unit such that there are no outsole parts in the at least one opening. Since the barrier unit does not, or does not significantly, represent the position in the composite shoe sole that touches the ground, it is possible to optimize it with regard to its stabilizing properties such as rigidity and torsional rigidity. In comparison, the outsole can be optimized with regard to its outsole function, for example a material can be selected with low abrasion and high adhesion.

In one embodiment of the invention, a barrier material is a fiber composite with at least two fiber components that differ in terms of their melting temperature. At least a part of a first fiber component has a first melting temperature and an underlying first softening temperature range and at least a part of a second fiber component has a second melting temperature and an underlying second softening temperature range. The first melting temperature and the first softening temperature range are higher than the second melting temperature and the second softening temperature range. As a result of the thermal activation of the second fiber component with an adhesive softening temperature lying in the second softening temperature range, the fiber composite is thermally consolidated while maintaining water vapor permeability in the thermally consolidated region.

In the field of polymer or fiber structures, the melting temperature is understood to mean a narrow temperature range in which the crystalline regions of the polymer or fiber structure melt and the polymer changes into the liquid state. It lies above the softening temperature range and is an essential parameter for partially crystalline polymers. In the field of synthetic fibers, the softening temperature range is understood to mean a temperature range of different bandwidth that occurs before the melting point is reached, but softening does not yet result in melting.

This property is used in the case of the barrier material in such a way that the two fiber components of the fiber composite are selected in such a way that the conditions according to the invention with regard to the melting temperatures and softening temperature ranges are fulfilled for the two fiber components, and a temperature is chosen for the thermal consolidation which is suitable for the second fiber component represents an adhesive softening temperature at which there is softening of the second fiber component, at which the material has an adhesive effect, in such a way that at least some of the fibers of the second fiber component are thermally bonded to one another by bonding to such an extent that the bond is stabilized Comes fiber composite, which lies above that solidification, which one with a fiber composite with the same materials for the two fiber components by a purely mechanical consolidation, for example by needling consolidation of the fiber composite. The adhesive softening temperature can also be selected such that the fibers of the second fiber component are softened to such an extent that not only fibers of the second fiber component are bonded to one another, but also partial or complete sheathing of individual points of the fibers of the first fiber composite with softened material of the fibers of the second fiber composite arises, that is to say a partial or complete embedding of such locations of fibers of the first fiber composite in the material of fibers of the second fiber component, which results in a correspondingly increased stabilization strengthening of the fiber composite.

In one embodiment of the composite shoe sole according to the invention, the barrier material has a fiber composite with a first fiber component and a second fiber component having two fiber components, the first fiber component having a first melting temperature and an underlying first softening temperature range and a second fiber component of the second fiber component having a second melting temperature and one has a second softening temperature range below, the first melting temperature and the first softening temperature range are higher than the second melting temperature and the second softening temperature range, the first fiber component of the second fiber component has a higher melting temperature and a higher softening temperature than the second fiber component, and the fiber composite as a result of thermal Activation of the second fiber portion of the second fiber component with a second softening temperature range I lying adhesive softening temperature is thermally consolidated while maintaining water vapor permeability in the thermally consolidated area. The choice of material is such that the conditions according to the invention with regard to the melting temperatures and softening temperature ranges for the two fiber components and fiber components are met, and a temperature is selected for the thermal consolidation which represents an adhesive softening temperature for the second fiber component of the second fiber component at which it is too high a softening of this fiber portion of the second fiber component, in which the material has an adhesive effect, in such a way that at least some of the fibers of the second fiber component are thermally bonded to one another by bonding to such an extent that the fiber composite is stabilized, which is above that bond, that you get with a fiber composite with the same Materials for the two fiber components is obtained by a purely mechanical consolidation, for example by needling the fiber composite.

An embodiment for the second fiber component with two fiber fractions of different melting temperature and different softening temperature ranges has fibers with a core-sheath structure in which the core has a higher melting temperature and a higher softening temperature range than the sheath and the thermal consolidation of the fiber composite by suitably softening the sheath he follows.

Another embodiment for the second fiber component with two fiber components of different melting temperature and different softening temperature ranges has fibers with side-by-side structure, in which the second fiber component has two fiber components running parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the fiber, of which a first one has a higher melting temperature and a higher one Has softening temperature range than the second fiber portion and the thermal consolidation of the fiber composite takes place by suitably softening the second fiber portion.

In this embodiment, too, the adhesive softening temperature can be selected such that the second fiber portion of the second fiber component is softened to such an extent that not only is the second fiber portion of the second fiber component bonded to one another, but also a partial or complete covering of individual points of the fibers of the The first fiber component with softened material of the second fiber portion of the second fiber component is created, that is, a partial or complete embedding of such locations of fibers of the first fiber component in material of the second fiber portion of the second fiber component, which results in a correspondingly increased stabilization strengthening of the fiber composite. This applies in particular to the case in which the second fiber component is the side-by-side fiber structure already mentioned. Then, when the second fiber component of the second fiber component softens to the extent mentioned, a partial or complete covering not only of individual locations of the fibers of the first fiber component but also of the first fiber component of the second fiber component can occur.

Additional compression of the fiber composite during or after softening of the second fiber component can achieve an additional increase in stabilization, in which the partial or complete embedding of fiber sites in softened material of fibers of the second fiber component is further intensified. On the other hand, the thermal bonding of the fiber composite achieved by using the adhesive softening temperature is to be selected so that the fiber composite has sufficient water vapor permeability, i.e. the fiber bonds are always limited to individual bonding points, so that there are sufficient unsealed areas for water vapor transport. The adhesive softening temperature can be selected depending on the desired requirements of the respective practical embodiment, in particular with regard to the stability properties and the water vapor permeability.

By selecting certain materials for the two fiber components and by selecting the degree of thermal consolidation of the fiber composite, a desired stabilization of the fiber composite against its state before thermal consolidation can be achieved while maintaining water vapor permeability. As a result of this thermal consolidation, the fiber composite achieves a strength on the basis of which it is particularly suitable as a water-vapor-permeable barrier material that stabilizes a composite shoe sole, and is therefore suitable for footwear whose shoe bottom is to have good water-vapor permeability on the one hand and good stability on the other.

Due to its thermal strengthening and the stability achieved with it, such a barrier material is particularly suitable for a composite shoe sole that is designed to maintain high water vapor permeability with large openings, so that on the one hand it is a barrier material to protect a membrane located above it against the pushing of foreign bodies such as stones through a such an opening through to the membrane and, on the other hand, additional stabilization is required due to the large-area openings.

Unlike a conventional fleece-like fiber composite used in the shoe bottom area, which is constructed with a single fiber component that is completely melted and thermally compressed when attempting thermal consolidation, one can select such a barrier material by selecting the Use materials for the at least two fiber components and, through the parameters selected for the thermal consolidation, degrees of freedom by means of which the degree of the desired stability and the degree of the water vapor stability can be set. By softening the fiber component with the lower melting temperature, not only the fibers of this fiber component are fixed against each other, but during the thermal consolidation process, the fibers of the other fiber component with the higher melting temperature are also fixed, which results in particularly good mechanical strengthening and stability of the Fiber composite leads. By choosing the ratio between the fibers of the fiber component with the higher melting temperature and the fibers of the fiber component with the lower melting temperature, and by choosing the adhesive softening temperature and thus the degree of softening, properties of the barrier material such as air permeability, water vapor permeability and mechanical stability of the barrier material can be adjusted.

In one embodiment of the barrier material, its fiber composite is a textile fabric, which can be a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a knitted fabric, a fleece, a felt, a net or a scrim. In a practical embodiment, the fiber composite is a mechanically strengthened fleece, wherein the mechanical strengthening can be achieved by needling the fiber composite. For the mechanical consolidation of the fiber composite, a water jet consolidation can also be used, in which instead of real needles, water jets are used for mechanically consolidating the fibers of the fiber composite.

In one embodiment of the invention, the first fiber component is a carrier component and the second fiber component is a strengthening component of the barrier material.

In one embodiment of the invention, in which the second fiber component has a first fiber component that has a higher melting temperature and a second fiber component that has a lower melting temperature, the first fiber component of the second fiber component forms an additional carrier component in addition to the first fiber component, the second fiber component of the second fiber component forms the solidification component of the barrier material.

In one embodiment, the selection of the materials for the fiber components is selected such that at least part of the second fiber component, and if the second fiber component comprises at least a first fiber component and a second fiber component, at least a part of the second fiber component of the second fiber component in one Temperature in the range between 80 ° C and 230 ° C can be activated for a softening of the adhesive.

In one embodiment, the second softening temperature range is between 60 ° C and 220 ° C.

In particular with regard to the fact that footwear and primarily its sole structure are often exposed to relatively high temperatures during manufacture, for example when molding an outsole, in one embodiment of the invention the first fiber component and possibly the first fiber component of the second fiber component is at a temperature of at least 130 ° C melt-resistant, in practical embodiments a melt resistance at a temperature of at least 170 ° C or even at least 250 ° C is selected by appropriate selection of the material for the first fiber component and optionally for the first fiber portion of the second fiber component.

Materials such as natural fibers, plastic fibers, metal fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers and mixtures thereof are suitable for the first fiber component and possibly the first fiber portion of the second fiber component. In the context of natural fibers, leather fibers are a suitable material.

In one embodiment of the invention, the second fiber component and optionally the second fiber component of the second fiber component is constructed with at least one plastic fiber that is suitable for thermal consolidation at a suitable temperature.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one of the two fiber components and optionally at least one of the two fiber components of the second fiber component is selected from the group of materials comprising polyolefins, polyamide, copolyamide, viscose, polyurethane, polyacrylic, polybutylene terephthalate and mixtures thereof. The polyolefin can be selected from polyethylene and polypropylene.

In one embodiment of the invention, the first fiber component and optionally the first fiber component of the second fiber component is selected from the material group polyester and copolyester.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least the second fiber component and optionally at least the second fiber portion of the second fiber component is constructed with at least one thermoplastic. The second fiber component and optionally the second fiber component of the second fiber component can be selected from the material group polyamide, copolyamide, polybutylene terephthalate and polyolefins or also from the material group polyester and copolyester.

Examples of suitable thermoplastics are polyethylene, polyamide (PA), polyester (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Other suitable materials are rubber, thermoplastic rubber (TR, from Thermoplastic Rubber) and polyurethane (PU). Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is also suitable, the parameters (hardness, color, elasticity, etc.) of which can be set very variably.

In one embodiment of the invention, both fiber components of the second fiber component consist of polyester, the polyester of the second fiber component having a lower melting temperature than the polyester of the first fiber component.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least the second fiber component has a core-sheath structure, i.e. a structure in which a core material of the fiber component is coaxially surrounded by a cladding layer. The first fiber portion having a higher melting temperature forms the core and the second fiber portion having a lower melting temperature forms the jacket.

In another embodiment of the invention, at least the second fiber component has a side-by-side structure, ie there are two fiber portions of different material running alongside one another in the longitudinal direction of the fiber, which each have, for example, a semicircular cross section, placed against one another in such a way that the two fiber components are connected to one another lying side by side. One side forms the first fiber portion with a higher melting temperature and the second side forms the second fiber portion of the second fiber component of the barrier material with a lower melting temperature.

In one embodiment of the invention, the second fiber component has a weight percentage based on the weight per unit area of the fiber composite in the range from 10% to 90%. In one embodiment, the weight percent of the second fiber component is in the range of 10% to 60%. In practical embodiments, the weight percentage of the second fiber component is 50% or 20%.

In one embodiment of the invention, the materials for the two fiber components and optionally for the two fiber components of the second fiber component are selected in such a way that their melting temperatures differ by at least 20 ° C.

The barrier material can be thermally solidified over its entire thickness. Depending on the requirements to be achieved, in particular with regard to air permeability, water vapor permeability and stability, one can choose an embodiment in which only part of the thickness of the barrier material is thermally solidified. In one embodiment of the invention, the barrier material which has been thermally solidified over at least part of its thickness is additionally pressed on at least one surface by means of pressure and temperature to make it smooth. It can be advantageous to smooth the underside of the barrier material facing the tread of the composite shoe sole by means of surface compression, because then dirt that penetrates through perforations in the composite shoe sole to the underside of the barrier material adheres to it less easily. At the same time, the abrasion resistance of the barrier material increases.

In one embodiment of the invention, the barrier material is treated or treated with one or more agents from the material group of water-repellent agents, dirt-repellent agents, oil-repellent agents, antibacterial agents, anti-odor agents and combinations thereof.

In a further embodiment, the barrier material is treated to be water-repellent, dirt-repellent, oil-repellent, antibacterial and / or against odor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the barrier material has a water vapor permeability of at least 4,000 g / m ^{2 for} 24 hours. In practical embodiments, a water vapor permeability of at least 7,000 g / m ² 24 h or even 10,000 g / m ² 24 h is selected.

In one embodiment of the invention, the barrier material is water-permeable.

In embodiments of the invention, the barrier material has a thickness in the range from at least 1 mm to 5 mm, practical embodiments being in particular in the range from 1 mm to 2.5 mm or even in the range from 1 mm to 1.5 mm, the Specially selected thickness depends on the specific application of the barrier material and also on the surface smoothness, air permeability, water vapor permeability and mechanical strength you want to provide.

In a practical embodiment of the invention, the barrier material has a fiber composite with at least two fiber components which differ in terms of their melting temperature and their softening temperature range, a first fiber component consisting of polyester and having a first melting temperature and an underlying first softening temperature range and at least part of one second fiber component has a second melting temperature and an underlying second softening temperature range, the first melting temperature and the first softening temperature range being higher than the second melting temperature and the second softening temperature range. The second fiber component has a core-sheath structure and a first fiber portion made of polyester, which forms the core, and a second fiber portion made of polyester, which forms the sheath, the first fiber portion having a higher melting temperature and a higher softening temperature range than the second Has fiber content. The fiber composite is thermally consolidated as a result of thermal activation of the second fiber component with an adhesive softening temperature lying in the second softening temperature range while maintaining Water vapor permeability in the thermally consolidated area and the fiber composite is a needled fleece which is pressed on at least one of its surfaces by means of pressure and temperature.

In one embodiment of the invention, the barrier material can be obtained by surface compression of a surface of the fiber composite with a surface pressure in the range from 11.5 N / cm ² to 4 N / cm ² at a temperature of a heating plate of 230 ° C. for 10 s. In a practical embodiment, the surface compression of a surface of the fiber composite takes place with a surface pressure of 3.3 N / cm ² at a temperature of the heating plate of 230 ° C. for 10 s.

In one embodiment of the invention, the barrier material is produced with a puncture resistance in the range from 290 N to 320 N, so that it forms good protection for a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable membrane located thereover against the pushing through of foreign bodies such as small stones.

Such a barrier material is therefore particularly suitable in a water vapor permeable composite shoe sole as a water vapor permeable barrier layer stabilizing the composite shoe sole and protecting a membrane located thereover.

A barrier unit constructed with such a barrier material is therefore particularly suitable for a composite shoe sole according to the invention.

According to the invention, the barrier material is assigned at least one stabilizing device for stabilizing the barrier material and thus the composite shoe sole. This is particularly advantageous when the barrier material itself is not or not sufficiently designed as a stabilizing material, so that the barrier material is stabilized or supported by the stabilizing device. In this case it is achieved that, in addition to the inherent stability which the barrier material has, for example due to its thermal consolidation and possibly surface compression, there is an additional stabilization which can be brought about at specific points in the barrier unit, in particular in the area of perforations of the composite shoe soles which one large area to provide a high water vapor permeability of the composite shoe soles. The forefoot area and the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole are discussed below. In the case of the human foot, the forefoot is the longitudinal region of the foot that extends over the toes and balls of the foot to the beginning of the medial arch, and the midfoot is the longitudinal area of the feet between the balls and the heel. In connection with the composite shoe sole according to the invention, the forefoot area and the midfoot area mean the longitudinal area of the composite shoe sole over which the forefoot or the midfoot of the wearer of the footwear extends when wearing footwear provided with such a composite shoe sole.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 15% of the area of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 25% of the area of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 40% of the area of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 50% of the area of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 60% of the area of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 75% of the area of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 15% of the area of the metatarsal region of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 25% of the area of the metatarsal region of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 40% of the area of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that at least 50% of the area of the midfoot region of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 60% of the area of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 75% of the area of the metatarsal region of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

The stabilization devices of the midfoot area leading to the different percentages given above can each be combined with the individual stabilization devices of the forefoot area leading to the different percentages given above.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 15% of the front half of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 25% of the front half of the longitudinal extension of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 40% of the front half of the longitudinal extension of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed in such a way that at least 50% of the front half of the longitudinal extension of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilizing device is designed such that at least 60% of the front half of the longitudinal extension of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 75% of the front half of the longitudinal extension of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 15% of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 25% of the longitudinal extension of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 40% of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilizing device is designed such that at least 50% of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 60% of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area is permeable to water vapor.

In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one stabilization device is designed such that at least 75% of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area is permeable to water vapor.

The percentages given above in connection with the water vapor permeability relate to that part of the entire composite shoe sole which corresponds to the area within the outer contour of the foot sole of the wearer of the footwear, i.e. essentially to that area part of the composite shoe sole which in the finished footwear corresponds to the inner circumference of the shoe sole-side lower shaft end (sole-side shaft contour) is surrounded. A shoe sole edge that projects radially outward beyond the sole contour of the shaft, that is, over the sole of the foot of the footwear wearer, need not have water vapor permeability because there is no sweat-releasing foot area. The percentages mentioned therefore relate to the forefoot area to the part of the area enclosed by the sole contour of the sole on the forefoot length and to the area enclosed by the sole contour to the midfoot length to the area enclosed by the sole contour of the sole.

If the footwear under consideration is, for example, business shoes, the outsole of which has a circumferential edge of the outsole that projects relatively far beyond the outside of the sole contour of the sole, which is sewn firmly to a mounting frame, for example, which also runs around the outside of the contour of the sole of the sole, needs in the area of this edge of the outsole there is no water vapor permeability, since this area is located outside the part of the composite shoe sole which is entered by the foot and therefore there is no perspiration in this area. The percentages given in the preceding paragraphs refer to footwear that does not have the protruding outsole edge that is typical for business shoes. Since this outsole area of a business shoe can make up about 20% of the total outsole area, you can use business shoes Subtract about 20% of the total outsole area and refer to the above percentages for the water vapor permeability of the composite shoe sole to the remaining about 80% of the total outsole area.

The stabilization device can consist of one or more stabilization webs which are arranged, for example, on the outsole-side underside of the barrier material. In one embodiment, the stabilization device is provided with at least one opening which forms at least part of the opening after the shoe sole composite has been created and is closed with barrier material.

In one embodiment of the invention, the percentages of water vapor permeability specified above in the forefoot area and / or in the midfoot area are achieved predominantly or even exclusively in the area of the at least one opening of the stabilization device.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one support element is assigned to the barrier material in the opening or in at least one of the openings, which extends from the side of the barrier material facing the tread to the level of the tread, such that the barrier material extends over the support element when walking supported on the floor being walked on. At least one of the stabilizing webs can be designed as a support element at the same time.

In the composite shoe sole, which according to the invention has the barrier unit and a one-part or multi-part outsole arranged underneath, which each have through openings for water vapor permeability, the through openings of the outsole or outsole parts and the barrier unit can have the same or different surface area. It is important that these through openings at least partially overlap, a cut surface of the respective through opening of the barrier unit and the respective through opening of the outsole or the respective outsole part forming an opening through the entire composite shoe sole. If a particular dimension of the respective passage opening of the outsole or the respective outsole part is specified, the extent of the opening is greatest when the associated passage opening of the barrier unit is at least is the same size and extends over the entire extent of the associated passage opening of the outsole or the outsole part, or vice versa.

It is provided that the stabilization device with the at least one stabilization web is not part of the at least one outsole part. This means that the stabilizing device and in particular the at least one stabilizing bar do not perform an outsole function. In particular, the stabilization device with the at least one stabilization web is at a distance from a floor or subsoil. The composite shoe sole with its outsole is intended for running and standing on a floor or surface. The at least one stabilizing bar is located in the composite shoe sole above the floor or ground and a certain distance is provided between the stabilizing bar and the floor. In one embodiment, the distance corresponds to the thickness of the at least one outsole part, which is arranged below the barrier unit.

An exception to the requirement that the at least one stabilization web is at a distance from a floor or subsurface applies if a stabilization web is simultaneously designed as a support element which extends to the floor or subsurface.

In a further embodiment it is provided that the outsole part has a first material and the stabilization device has a second material which is different from the first material, the second material being harder (according to Shore) than the first material. Hardness is understood to mean the mechanical resistance that a body opposes to the penetration of another, harder body.

Characterized in that the respective opening of the composite shoe sole is closed with water vapor-permeable barrier material, water vapor permeability is achieved in the at least one opening in the composite shoe sole with simultaneous protection of a membrane located above it against the pushing of foreign bodies such as stones. This is because if a barrier material is used for the barrier unit which, as a result of the thermal consolidation and possibly additional surface compression, can be endowed with a substantially higher intrinsic stability than can material without thermal consolidation and surface consolidation can offer Such barrier material of the barrier unit offers sufficient stabilization for the shoe sole assembly provided with the openings, even if the one or more openings of the shoe sole assembly are designed over a large area in favor of high water vapor permeability. This inherent stability is further increased by the use of the previously mentioned additional stabilization device, specifically in areas of the composite shoe sole that require special stabilization.

If the stabilization device is provided with a plurality of openings, these can either be closed in total with one piece of the barrier material or each with one piece of the barrier material.

The stabilization device can be designed in the shape of a sole if it is to extend over the entire surface of the composite shoe sole, or in the shape of a sole if it is to be provided only in part of the composite surface of the shoe sole.

In one embodiment of the invention, the stabilization device of the barrier unit has at least one stabilization frame that stabilizes at least the composite shoe sole, so that the composite shoe sole is additionally stabilized by the barrier material in addition to the stabilizing effect. A particularly good stabilizing effect is achieved if the stabilizing frame is fitted into the at least one opening or at least one of the openings in the composite shoe sole, so that where the composite shoe sole has initially been weakened in its stability by the largest possible openings, with the aid of the stabilizing frame nevertheless a good stabilization of the shoe sole composite is ensured.

In one embodiment of the barrier unit according to the invention, the at least one opening of the stabilization device has an area of at least 1 cm ² . In practical embodiments, an opening area of the at least one opening of at least 5 cm ² , for example in the range of 8-15 cm ² or even at least 10 cm ² or even at least 20 cm ² or even at least 40 cm ^{2, is} selected.

In the barrier unit according to the invention, the stabilization device has at least one stabilization web, which is arranged on at least one surface of the barrier material and at least partially crosses the surface of the at least one opening. If the stabilization device is provided with a stabilization frame, the stabilization web can be arranged on the stabilization frame. A plurality of stabilizing webs can be provided which form a lattice-like structure on at least one surface of the barrier material. Such a lattice structure leads to a particularly good stabilization of the composite shoe sole, on the one hand, and can also prevent larger foreign objects such as larger stones or elevations from pushing themselves as far as the barrier material and being felt by the user of the footwear equipped with such a barrier unit when they occur.

In one embodiment, the stabilization device of the barrier unit of the composite shoe sole according to the invention is constructed with at least one thermoplastic. Thermoplastic materials of the type already mentioned above can be used for this.

In one embodiment of the invention, the stabilization device and the barrier material are at least partially connected to one another, for example by gluing, welding, injection molding, overmolding, vulcanizing and vulcanizing. When spraying or vulcanizing, there is predominantly an attachment between the stabilizing device and the barrier material on opposite surface areas of the two. In the case of extrusion coating and re-vulcanization, the barrier material is predominantly encircled with the stabilizing device.

In one embodiment, the composite shoe sole is water-permeable.

According to a second aspect, the invention provides footwear with a composite shoe sole according to the invention, which can be constructed, for example, in accordance with one or more of the embodiments previously mentioned in connection with the composite shoe sole. The footwear has a shaft that is provided with a waterproof and water vapor-permeable shaft bottom functional layer on a sole end area of the shaft, the composite shoe sole having that with the shaft bottom function layer The provided shaft end area is connected in such a way that the shaft bottom functional layer is not connected to the barrier material at least in the area of the at least one opening in the composite shoe sole.

In this footwear according to the invention, arranging the shaft bottom functional layer on the sole end region of the shaft and the barrier material in the composite shoe sole according to the invention leads to several advantages. On the one hand, the handling of the shaft bottom functional layer during manufacture is brought into the area of the shaft manufacture and kept out of the area of the manufacture of the composite shoe sole. This takes into account the fact that shaft manufacturers and sole composite manufacturers are often different manufacturers or at least different manufacturing areas and that the shaft manufacturers are usually better equipped to deal with functional layer material and with the problems than shoe sole manufacturers or shoe sole composite manufacturers. On the other hand, if the shoelace functional layer and the barrier material are not housed in the same composite but are divided between the upper and the bottom of the shoe and the sole of the shoe, they can be kept essentially unconnected even after fastening the composite of the sole of the shoe to the lower end area of the shaft, since their positioning relative to one another in the finished Footwear is accomplished by fastening (by gluing or spraying) the composite shoe sole to the lower end of the shaft. Keeping the shaft bottom functional layer and the barrier material completely or largely unconnected means that no gluing has to take place between the two, which would also block part of the active surface of the functional layer in the case of water vapor permeability even when glued with a dot-matrix adhesive.

In one embodiment of the footwear according to the invention, the upper is constructed with at least one upper material which has a waterproof upper functional layer at least in the region of the sole-side upper end region, a waterproof seal being present between the upper functional layer and the upper base functional layer. This leads to footwear in which the foot is watertight both in the shaft area and in the shaft floor area and at the transition points between the two, while maintaining water vapor permeability both in the shaft area and in the shaft floor area.

In one embodiment of the footwear according to the invention, the shaft bottom functional layer is assigned to a water vapor permeable shaft mounting sole, wherein the shaft bottom functional layer can be part of a multi-layer laminate. The shaft mounting sole itself can also be formed by the shaft bottom functional layer built up with the laminate. The shaft bottom functional layer and optionally the shaft functional layer can be formed by a waterproof, water vapor-permeable coating or by a waterproof, water vapor-permeable membrane, which can either be a microporous membrane or a membrane without pores. In one embodiment of the invention, the membrane comprises stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE).

Suitable materials for the waterproof, water vapor-permeable functional layer are in particular polyurethane, polypropylene and polyester, including polyether esters and their laminates, as described in the publications US-A-4,725,418 and US-A-4,493,870 are described. However, stretched microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) is particularly preferred, as described, for example, in the publications US-A-3,953,566 such as US-A-4,187,390 and stretched polytetrafluoroethylene, which is provided with hydrophilic impregnating agents and / or hydrophilic layers; see for example the publication US-A-4,194,041 . A microporous functional layer is understood to mean a functional layer whose average pore size is between approximately 0.2 μm and approximately 0.3 μm. Pore size can be measured using the Coulter Porometer (trade name) manufactured by Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeath, Florida, USA.

According to a third aspect, the invention makes available a method for the production of footwear which, in addition to a water-vapor-permeable composite shoe sole, for example in accordance with one or more of the embodiments specified above for the composite shoe sole, has a shaft which has a waterproof and water-vapor-permeable shaft bottom functional layer on a sole end region is provided. In this method, the composite shoe sole and the upper are provided. The shaft is provided with a waterproof and water vapor-permeable shaft bottom functional layer on the sole end region of the shaft. The composite shoe soles and the one with the shaft bottom functional layer provided sole-side shaft end areas are connected to one another in such a way that the shaft bottom functional layer remains unconnected to the barrier material at least in the area of the at least one opening. This leads to the advantages already outlined above.

In one embodiment of this method, the shaft end region on the sole side is closed with the shaft bottom functional layer. In the event that the shaft is provided with a shaft functional layer, a watertight connection is established between the shaft functional layer and the shaft bottom functional layer. This leads to fully waterproof and water vapor permeable footwear.

• Figur 1:
  Eine skizzenhafte Darstellung eines durch Vernadelung mechanisch verfestigten Vlieses;
• Figur 2:
  Ebenfalls in skizzenhafter Darstellung das Vlies gemäß Figur 1 nach thermischer Verfestigung;
• Figur 2a:
  Einen Ausschnitt, ebenfalls skizzenhaft und mit stark vergrößertem Maßstab dargestellt, eines Bereichs IIa des thermisch verfestigten Vlieses der Figur 2.
• Figur 2b:
  Einen Ausschnitt, ebenfalls skizzenhaft und mit noch stärker vergrößertem Maßstab dargestellt, aus dem in Figur 2a gezeigten Bereich IIa des thermisch verfestigten Vlieses der Figur 2.
• Figur 3:
  In skizzenhafter Darstellung das in Figur 2 gezeigte themisch verfestigte Vlies nach zusätzlicher thermischer Oberflächenverpressung;
• Figur 4:
  Eine schematische Darstellung eines Schuhsohlenverbundes noch ohne Barrierematerial mit Darstellung einer sich durch die Schuhsohlenverbunddicke hindurch erstreckenden Durchbrechung;
• Figur 5:
  Eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Beispiels einer Barriereeinheit mit einer Stege aufweisenden Stabilisierungseinrichtung und einem darin aufgenommenen Barrierematerial;
• Figur 6:
  Eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Beispiels einer Barriereeinheit mit einer einen Steg aufweisenden Stabilisierungseinrichtung und einem Barrierematerial;
• Figur 7:
  Eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Beispiels einer Barriereeinheit mit einer Stabilisierungseinrichtung in Form mindestens eines Steges.
• Figur 8:
  Eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Beispiels einer Barriereeinheit mit einer einen Steg aufweisenden Stabilisierungseinrichtung und einem Barrierematerial;
• Figur 9:
  Eine schematische Darstellung des in Figur 4 gezeigten Schuhsohlenverbundes mit Barrierematerial und einer einen Steg aufweisenden Stabilisierungseinrichtung;
• Figur 10:
  Eine schematische Darstellung von Stabilisierungsstegen, die an einer Unterseite eines Barrierematerials angeordnet sind;
• Figur 11:
  Eine schematische Darstellung eines Stabilisierungsgitters, das an einer Unterseite eines Barrierematerials angeordnet ist;
• Figur 12:
  Eine perspektivische Schrägansicht von unten eines Schuhs, der mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Sohlenverbund versehen ist;
• Figur 13a:
  Den in Figur 12 gezeigten Schuh, jedoch bevor ein erfindungsgemäßer Schuhsohlenverbund an einen Schaftboden des Schuhs angesetzt ist;
• Figur 13b:
  Den in Figur 12 gezeigten Schuh, der mit einem weiteren Beispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Sohlenverbundes versehen ist;
• Figur 14:
  Den in Figur 13a gezeigte Schuhsohlenverbund in perspektivischer Draufsicht;
• Figur 15:
  Den in Figur 14 gezeigten Schuhsohlenverbund in Explosionsdarstellung seiner einzelnen Komponenten in schräger Perspektivansicht von oben;
• Figur 16:
  Den in Figur 15 gezeigten Teil des Schuhsohlenverbundes in perspektivischer Schrägansicht von unten;
• Figur 17:
  Einen Vorderfußbereich und einen Mittelfußteil der in Figur 16 gezeigten Barriereeinheit in perspektivischer Schrägansicht von oben, wobei die Stabilisierungseinrichtungsteile und die Barrierematerialteile voneinander getrennt dargestellt sind;
• Figur 18:
  In perspektivischer Schrägansicht von unten eine Modifikation des in Figure 17 dargestellten Fußmittelbereiches der Barriereeinheit, wobei nur ein Mittenbereich dieses Barriereeinheitsteils mit Barrierematerial belegt ist und zwei Seitenteile ohne Durchgangsöffnungen ausgebildet sind;
• Figur 19:
  Das in Figur 18 gezeigte Barriereeinheitsteil in einer Darstellung, in welcher das zugehörige Stabilisierungseinrichtungsteil und das zugehörige Barrierematerialteil getrennt voneinander dargestellt sind;
• Figur 20:
  Eine schematische Schnittansicht im Vorderfußbereich durch einen schaftbodenseitig geschlossenen Schaft einer ersten Ausführungsform mit einem an den Schaftboden noch nicht angesetztem Schuhsohlenverbund;
• Figur 21:
  Eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Beispiels der Barriereeinheit mit einem Barrierematerial und einem Stabilisierungssteg, bei selektiver Verbindung mit einem darüber befindlichem Schaftboden;
• Figur 22:
  Eine Detailansicht des in Figur 20 gezeigten Schuhaufbaus mit einem angeklebten Schuhsohlenverbund;
• Figur 23:
  Eine Detailansicht des in Figur 20 gezeigten Sohlenaufbaus mit einem angespritzten Schuhsohlenverbund;
• Figur 24:
  Einen Schuhaufbau ähnlich dem in Figur 20 gezeigten, jedoch mit einem andersartig aufgebauten Schaftboden, mit einem noch vom Schaft getrennten Schuhsohlenverbund;
• Figur 25:
  Eine Detailansicht des in Figur 24 gezeigten Schuhaufbaus;
• Figur 26:
  Einen Sohlenverbund in einer weiteren Ausführungsform.
• Figur 27:
  Einen Schuhsohlenverbund in einer weiteren Ausführungsform.

The invention, object aspects of the invention and advantages of the invention will now be explained in more detail with the aid of embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

• Figure 1 :
  A sketchy representation of a fleece mechanically consolidated by needling;
• Figure 2 :
  Also in a sketchy representation the fleece according to Figure 1 after thermal consolidation;
• Figure 2a :
  A section, also sketchy and shown on a greatly enlarged scale, of an area IIa of the thermally bonded fleece Figure 2 .
• Figure 2b :
  A section, also sketchy and shown on an even larger scale, from which in Figure 2a shown area IIa of the thermally bonded fleece Figure 2 .
• Figure 3 :
  In a sketchy representation the Figure 2 shown thematically consolidated fleece after additional thermal surface pressing;
• Figure 4 :
  A schematic representation of a composite shoe sole without barrier material, showing an opening extending through the composite shoe sole thickness;
• Figure 5 :
  A schematic representation of a first example of a barrier unit with a stabilizing device having webs and a barrier material accommodated therein;
• Figure 6 :
  A schematic representation of a further example of a barrier unit with a stabilizing device having a web and a barrier material;
• Figure 7 :
  A schematic representation of a further example of a barrier unit with a stabilization device in the form of at least one web.
• Figure 8 :
  A schematic representation of a further example of a barrier unit with a stabilizing device having a web and a barrier material;
• Figure 9 :
  A schematic representation of the in Figure 4 Shown sole composite with barrier material and a stabilizing device having a web;
• Figure 10 :
  A schematic representation of stabilizing webs, which are arranged on an underside of a barrier material;
• Figure 11 :
  A schematic representation of a stabilizing grid, which is arranged on an underside of a barrier material;
• Figure 12 :
  A perspective oblique view from below of a shoe which is provided with a composite sole according to the invention;
• Figure 13a :
  The in Figure 12 Shoe shown, but before a composite shoe sole according to the invention is attached to a shaft bottom of the shoe;
• Figure 13b :
  The in Figure 12 shown shoe, which is provided with another example of a composite sole according to the invention;
• Figure 14 :
  The in Figure 13a shown shoe sole composite in perspective top view;
• Figure 15 :
  The in Figure 14 shown shoe sole composite in an exploded view of its individual components in an oblique perspective view from above;
• Figure 16 :
  The in Figure 15 shown part of the composite shoe sole in perspective oblique view from below;
• Figure 17 :
  A forefoot area and a metatarsal part of the in Figure 16 barrier unit shown in perspective oblique view from above, wherein the stabilizer parts and the barrier material parts are shown separated from each other;
• Figure 18 :
  In perspective oblique view from below a modification of the in Figure 17 The foot center region of the barrier unit shown, only a central region of this barrier unit part being covered with barrier material and two side parts being formed without through openings;
• Figure 19 :
  This in Figure 18 shown barrier unit part in a representation in which the associated stabilizing device part and the associated barrier material part are shown separately from each other;
• Figure 20 :
  A schematic sectional view in the forefoot area through a shaft closed on the shaft bottom side of a first embodiment with a composite shoe sole not yet attached to the shaft bottom;
• Figure 21 :
  A schematic representation of a further example of the barrier unit with a barrier material and a stabilizing bar, with a selective connection with a shaft bottom located above;
• Figure 22 :
  A detailed view of the in Figure 20 shown shoe construction with a glued shoe sole composite;
• Figure 23 :
  A detailed view of the in Figure 20 Sole construction shown with a molded shoe sole composite;
• Figure 24 :
  A shoe construction similar to that in Figure 20 shown, but with a differently constructed shaft bottom, with a composite shoe sole still separated from the shaft;
• Figure 25 :
  A detailed view of the in Figure 24 shown shoe construction;
• Figure 26 :
  A composite sole in a further embodiment.
• Figure 27 :
  A shoe sole composite in a further embodiment.

Based on Figures 1 to 3 An embodiment of a barrier material that is particularly suitable for a composite shoe sole according to the invention is first explained. Follow with reference to the Figures 4 to 11 Explanations of embodiments of a barrier unit according to the invention. Based on Figures 12 to 27 Embodiments of the footwear according to the invention and shoe sole assemblies according to the invention are then explained.

The in the Figures 1 to 3 The embodiment of the barrier material shown consists of a fiber composite 1 in the form of a thermally bonded and thermally bonded fleece. This fiber composite 1 consists of two fiber components 2, 3, which are each constructed, for example, with polyester fibers. A first fiber component 2, which serves as the carrier component of the fiber composite 1, has a higher melting temperature than the second fiber component 3, which serves as a strengthening component. In order to ensure a temperature stability of the entire fiber composite 1 of at least 180 ° C, in view of the fact that footwear can be exposed to relatively high temperatures during its manufacture, for example when molding an outsole, in the embodiment under consideration, polyester fibers with an over for both fiber components 180 ° C melting temperature used. There are different variations of polyester polymers that have different melting temperatures and softening temperatures below them. In the considered embodiment of the barrier material according to the invention, a polyester polymer with a melting temperature of approximately 230 ° C. is selected for the first component, while a polyester polymer with a melting temperature of approximately 200 ° C. is selected for at least one fiber portion of the second fiber component 3. In one embodiment, in which the second fiber component has two fiber components in the form of a core-sheath fiber structure, the core 4 of this fiber component consists of a polyester with a softening temperature of approximately 230 ° C. and the sheath of this fiber component consists of polyester with an adhesive softening temperature of about 200 ° C ( Figure 2b ). Such a fiber component with two fiber components of different melting temperatures is also referred to as "bico" for short. This short term will also be used below.

In the embodiment under consideration, the fibers of the two fiber components are each staple fibers with the special properties mentioned above. Based on the total basis weight of the fiber composite of about 400 g / m ² , the weight fraction of the first fiber component is about 50%. Accordingly, the weight fraction of the second fiber component is also about 50% based on the weight per unit area of the fiber composite. The fineness of the first fiber component is 6.7 dtex, whereas the second fiber component, which is designed as a bico, has a higher fineness of 4.4 dtex.

To produce such barrier material, the fiber components present as staple fibers are first mixed. Then several individual layers of this staple fiber mixture are placed on top of one another in the form of several individual nonwoven layers until the desired weight per unit area for the fiber composite is reached, whereby a nonwoven package is obtained. This fleece package has very little mechanical stability and therefore has to go through some consolidation processes.

First, the nonwoven package is mechanically consolidated by needling using needle technology, with needle bars arranged in a needle matrix penetrating the nonwoven package perpendicular to the plane of extent of the nonwoven package. As a result, fibers of the nonwoven package are reoriented out of their original position in the nonwoven package, resulting in entanglement of fibers and a more stable mechanical structure of the nonwoven package. A nonwoven material mechanically consolidated by such needling is schematically shown in Figure 1 shown.

The needling process already reduces the thickness of the nonwoven package compared to the initial thickness of the needleless nonwoven package. However, this structure obtained by needling is not yet durable, since it is a purely mechanical three-dimensional "hooking" of the staple fibers, which can be "unhooked" under load.

In order to achieve permanent stabilization, namely a stabilizing property for use in footwear, the fiber composite according to the invention is treated further. Thereby thermal energy and pressure are used. In this process, the advantageous composition of the fiber mixture is used, a temperature being chosen for the thermal consolidation of the fiber mixture such that it melts at least in the range of the softening temperature of the adhesive at a lower melting temperature The jacket of the core-jacket bico lies in order to soften it to a viscous state to such an extent that the fiber components of the first fiber component, which are in the vicinity of the softened mass of the jacket of the respective bico, can be partially enclosed in this viscous mass. As a result, the two fiber components are permanently connected to one another without changing the basic structure and structure of the fleece. Thus, the advantageous properties of this fleece can continue to be used, in particular its good water vapor permeability, combined with a permanent mechanical stabilizing property.

Such a thermally bonded fleece is shown in a schematic representation in Figure 2 shown, wherein in Figure 2a a detailed view of a detail is shown on a greatly enlarged scale, in which adhesive connection points between individual fibers are represented by flat black spots, and Figure 2b shows an area of this detail on an even larger scale.

In addition to the thermal bonding of the nonwoven material, thermal surface compression can also be carried out on at least one surface of the nonwoven material by simultaneously exposing this nonwoven material surface to pressure and temperature, for example by means of heated press plates or press rolls. The result is an even stronger consolidation than in the remaining volume of the nonwoven material and a smoothing of the thermally pressed surface.

A fleece which is first mechanically consolidated by needling, then thermally consolidated and finally thermally surface-pressed on one of its surfaces is in Figure 3 represented schematically.

In an accompanying comparison table, various types of material, including barrier material according to the invention, are compared with regard to some parameters. Sole split leather, two only needle-bonded fleece materials, a needle-bonded and thermally bonded fleece and finally a needle-bonded, thermally bonded and thermally surface-pressed fleece are considered, these materials being assigned in the comparison table to simplify the subsequent consideration of the comparison table, material numbers 1 to 5.

The longitudinal expansion values and the transverse expansion values show the percentage by which the respective material expands when it is subjected to an expansion force of 50 N, 100 N or 150 N, respectively. The lower this longitudinal or transverse expansion, the more stable the material and the more suitable it is as a barrier material. If the respective material is used as a barrier material to protect a membrane against the pushing through of foreign bodies such as stones, the puncture resistance is important. The abrasion resistance, also called abrasion in the comparison table, is also important for the use of the respective material in a composite shoe sole.

The comparison table shows that split split leather has a high tear strength, a relatively good resistance to tensile forces and a high puncture resistance, but that it only has a moderate abrasion resistance with wet samples and in particular a fairly moderate water vapor permeability.

The only needle-bonded nonwoven materials (material 2 and material 3) are relatively light and have a high water vapor permeability value compared to leather, but have a relatively low resistance to stretching forces, have only a low puncture resistance and have only moderate abrasion resistance.

The needle-bonded and thermally bonded fleece (material 4) has a lower basis weight than materials 2 and 3, and is therefore more compact. The water vapor permeability of material 4 is higher than that of material 2 and about the same as that of material 3, but almost three times as large as that of leather according to material 1. The longitudinal and transverse expansion resistances of material 4 are significantly higher than that of only needle-bonded nonwoven materials 2 and 3, and the longitudinal and transverse load until tearing is also significantly higher than with materials 2 and 3. Substantially higher than with materials 2 and 3 are also puncture resistance and abrasion resistance.

The material 5, that is to say needle-bonded, thermally bonded and thermally compressed on one surface, has a smaller thickness than the material 4 due to the thermal surface compression with the same basis weight, and therefore is less bulky in a composite shoe sole. The water vapor permeability of material 5 is still higher than that of material 4. With regard to the resistance to stretching, material 5 is also superior to material 4, since it does not show any stretching when the longitudinal and transverse expansion forces of 50 N to 150 N are used. The tensile strength is higher with regard to longitudinal loading and lower than that of material 4 with regard to transverse loading. The puncture resistance is somewhat lower than that of material 4, which is caused by the smaller thickness of material 5. Material 5 has a particular superiority over all materials 1 to 4 with regard to the abrasion resistance.

The comparison table thus shows that if the barrier material is dependent on high water vapor permeability, high dimensional stability and thus stabilizing effect and high abrasion resistance, material 4, in particular material 5, is very particularly suitable.

In the case of material 5, in one embodiment of the invention, the needle-bonded and thermally bonded nonwoven, which already has very good stabilization, is subsequently subjected to a hydrophobicization equipment, for example by dipping in a liquid which brings about hydrophobicization, in order to minimize suction effects of the nonwoven material. After the water repellent bath, the fleece is dried under the influence of heat, the hydrophobic property of the applied equipment also being further improved. After the drying process, the fleece passes through a calibration plant, the final thickness of, for example, 1.5 mm being set.

In order to achieve a particularly smooth surface, the fleece is then again subjected to temperature and pressure in order to remelt the meltable fiber components, namely in the jacket of the bico of the second fiber component, on the surface of the fleece and with the help of pressure applied at the same time against a very high pressure to press smooth surface. This is done either with suitable calendering devices or by means of a heated press unit, whereby a separating material layer, which is for example silicone paper or Teflon, can be inserted between the fleece and the heated press plate.

Depending on the desired properties of the barrier material, the surface smoothing by thermal surface compression is carried out only on one surface or on both surfaces of the nonwoven material.

As the comparison table already shows, the nonwoven fabric produced in this way has a high stability against tearing load and has a good puncture resistance, which is important when using the material as a barrier material to protect a membrane.

The material 5 described above represents a first embodiment of the barrier material used according to the invention, in which both fiber components consist of polyester, both fiber components have a weight percentage of 50% each in the total fiber composite, and the second fiber component is a polyester core / sheath fiber is of the bico type.

Further exemplary embodiments of the barrier material used according to the invention are now briefly considered.

Example 2:

Barrier material in which both fiber components consist of polyester and each have a weight percentage of 50% of the entire fiber composite and the second fiber component is a side-by-side type polyester bico.

With the exception of the special bico structure, the barrier material according to embodiment 2 is produced in the same way and has the same properties as the barrier material according to embodiment 1 with a bico-fiber of the core-sheath type.

Example 3:

Barrier material in which both fiber components have a weight percentage of 50% each and the first fiber component consists of polyester and the second fiber component consists of polypropylene.

In this exemplary embodiment, a bicomponent fiber is used instead of a bico as the second fiber component. For the production of the fiber composite only two fiber components with different melting points are selected. In this case, the polyester fiber (with a melting point of approximately 230 ° C) with a weight fraction of 50% is the carrier component, while the polypropylene fiber with a weight fraction of also 50% has a lower melting point of approximately 130 ° C and thus the adhesive strengthening component represents. The manufacturing process is otherwise the same as in embodiment 1. In comparison to embodiment 2, the nonwoven fabric according to embodiment 3 has a lower thermal stability, but can also be produced using lower temperatures.

Example 4:

Barrier material with a share of 80% polyester as the first fiber component and a polyester core-jacket bico as the second fiber component.

In this exemplary embodiment, production takes place again as in exemplary embodiment 1, but with the difference that the proportion of the second fiber component forming the strengthening component is changed. Their weight fraction is only 20% compared to 80% of the weight which is formed by the higher melting first fiber component. The proportionate reduction in the strengthening component reduces the stabilizing effect of the barrier material obtained. This can be advantageous if a fleece with high mechanical durability combined with increased flexibility is required. The temperature resistance of this fleece corresponds to that of the first embodiment.

Based on Figures 4 to 11 Some exemplary embodiments of a composite shoe sole or a barrier unit or details thereof are now considered.

Figure 4 shows a partial cross section through a composite shoe sole 21 with an outer sole 23 and an overlying shoe stabilization device 25 before this composite shoe sole 21 is provided with a barrier material. The outsole 23 and the shoe stabilization device 25 each have through openings 27 and 29, which overall form an opening 31 through the total thickness of the composite shoe sole 21. The opening 31 is thus formed by the intersection of the two through openings 27 and 29. To complete this composite shoe sole 21 is then (in Figure 4 Barrier material 33 (not shown) placed in the through opening 29 or arranged above this.

Figure 5 shows an example of a barrier unit 35 with a piece of barrier material 33 which is enclosed by a stabilization device 25.

In one embodiment, the stabilization device is injection molded around or injected around a peripheral region of the piece of barrier material 33 such that the material of the stabilization device 25 penetrates into the fiber structure of the barrier material 33 and cures there and forms a firm bond.

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), for example, is suitable as the material for the encapsulation of the stabilization device or the injection molding onto the stabilization device, which leads to very good edging of the barrier material and bonds well with it.

In a further embodiment, the barrier material 33 is glued to the stabilization device 25. The stabilization device 25 preferably has a stabilization frame that stabilizes at least the composite shoe sole 21 and at least one stabilization web 37 that is arranged on a surface of the barrier material 33. The at least one stabilizing web 37 is preferably arranged on an underside of the barrier material 33, which is directed towards the outsole.

Figure 6 shows a barrier unit 35, in which a piece of barrier material 33 is enclosed by a stabilization device 25 in the sense that the edge region of the barrier material 33 is not only surrounded by the stabilization device 25, but is also overlapped on both surfaces.

Figure 7 shows a barrier unit 35, in which a piece of barrier material 33 is provided with a stabilizing device 25 in the form of at least one stabilizing web 37. The stabilizing web 37 is arranged on at least one surface of the barrier material 33, preferably on the surface facing downward toward the outsole 23.

Figure 8 shows a barrier unit 35, in which a piece of barrier material 33 is provided with a stabilizing device 25 such that the barrier material 33 is attached to at least one surface of the stabilizing device 25. The barrier material 33 covers the through opening 29. The stabilizing web 37 is located within the through opening 29 of the stabilizing device 25.

Figure 9 shows a composite shoe sole 21 according to Figure 4 which according to a barrier unit above the outsole 23 Figure 5 has, with only a stabilizing web 37 is shown.

For all the embodiments described above Fig. 4-9 It is true that the connecting material not only adheres to the surfaces to be connected, but penetrates into the fiber structure and hardens there when sprayed, extrusion-coated or glued between the barrier material 33 and the stabilizing device 25. The fiber structure is thus additionally reinforced in its connection area.

In the Figures 10 and 11 Two embodiments of stabilization web patterns of stabilization webs 37 applied to a surface of the barrier material 33 are shown. While in the case of Figure 10 On a circular surface 43, for example the underside of the barrier material 33, which corresponds, for example, to an opening in the composite shoe sole 21, three individual webs 37a, 37b and 37c are arranged in a T-shaped mutual arrangement, for example by gluing to the underside of the barrier material, in the case of Figure 11 a stabilizing web device in the form of a stabilizing grid 37d is provided.

With reference to the Figures 12 to 27 Embodiments of shoes designed according to the invention will now be explained, wherein their individual components, in particular in connection with the respective shoe sole composite, are also considered.

Figure 12 shows a perspective oblique view from below of an embodiment of a shoe 101 according to the invention with a shaft 103 and a composite shoe sole 105 according to the invention. The shoe 101 has a forefoot area 107, a metatarsal area 109, a heel area 111 and a foot insertion opening 113. The shoe sole composite 105 has on its underside a multi-part outsole 117, which has an outsole part 117a in the heel area, an outsole part 117b in the ball area and an outsole part 117c in the toe area of the composite shoe sole 105. These outsole parts 117 are fastened to the underside of a stabilization device 119, which has a heel area 119a, a midfoot area 119b and a forefoot area 119c. The composite shoe sole 105 will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

Further components of the composite shoe sole 105 can be damping sole parts 121a and 121b, which are applied in the heel area 111 and in the forefoot area 107 on the upper side of the stabilization device 119. The outsole 117 and the stabilization device 119 each have through openings which form openings through the composite shoe sole. These openings are covered by barrier material parts 33a-33d in a water vapor permeable manner.

Figure 13a shows the shoe 101 according to Figure 12 in a manufacturing stage in which the upper 103 and the shoe sole compound 105 are still separated from one another. The shaft 103 is provided on its sole-side lower end region with a shaft bottom 221, which has a waterproof, water vapor-permeable shaft bottom functional layer, which can be a waterproof, water vapor-permeable membrane. The functional layer is preferably part of a multi-layer functional layer laminate which, in addition to the functional layer, has at least one support layer, for example a textile backing, as processing protection. In addition, the shaft base 115 can be provided with a shaft mounting sole. However, it is also possible to assign the function of a shaft mounting sole to the functional layer laminate. The composite shoe soles already shows in Figure 8 mentioned openings 31, which are covered with barrier material parts 33a-33d. The webs 37 are shown within the peripheral edge of the respective openings. In further embodiments, three openings or two openings or one opening can be provided. In another embodiment, more than four openings are provided. The shoe sole composite 105 can be attached to the sole end of the shaft either by injection or by gluing, in accordance with the state Figure 12 to manufacture. For a detailed explanation of the functional layer and its Laminate, and the connection with the mounting sole is based on the description and the Figures 20 to 25 referred.

Figure 13b shows the same shoe construction as in Figure 13a , with the difference that the shoe in Figure 13a has four openings 31, while the shoe after Figure 13b is equipped with two openings 31. It can be seen here that the webs 37 are arranged within the peripheral edge of the respective opening 31 and do not form a boundary of the opening 31. The area of an opening is determined minus the total area of the webs crossing it, since this web area blocks the water vapor transport.

Figure 14 shows a composite shoe sole 105 with an upper side remote from the outsole 117. On the upper side remote from the outsole 117, the stabilization device 119 is covered in its central region 119b and in its forefoot region 119c with a plurality of pieces 33a, 33b, 33c and 33d of a barrier material 33, with which in FIG Figure 14 Openings of the composite shoe sole 105 that are not visible are covered. In the heel area and in the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole 105, a damping sole part 121a or 121b is applied to the top of the stabilization device 119, in the heel area essentially over the entire area and in the forefoot area with recesses where the barrier material parts 33b, 33c and 33d are located.

Since the outsole parts of the outsole 117, the stabilization device 119 and the damping sole parts 121a and 121b have different functions within the composite shoe sole, they are expediently also constructed with different materials. The outsole parts, which are said to have good abrasion resistance, consist for example of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or rubber. Thermoplastic polyurethane is the generic term for a large number of different polyurethanes, which can have different properties. A thermoplastic polyurethane with high stability and slip resistance can be selected for an outsole. The cushioning sole parts 121a and 121b, which are intended to provide shock absorption for the user during the walking movements, are made of a correspondingly resilient material, for example ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or polyurethane (PU). The stabilization device 119, which for the non-contiguous outsole parts 117a, 117b, 117c and for the likewise Non-contiguous damping sole parts 121a, 121b serves as a holder and for the entire shoe sole bandage 105 as a stabilizing element and should have a corresponding elastic rigidity, for example consists of at least one thermoplastic. Examples of suitable thermoplastics are polyethylene, polyamide, polyamide (PA), polyester (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Other suitable materials are rubber, thermoplastic rubber (TR, from Thermoplastic Rubber) and polyurethane (PU). Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is also suitable.

The in Figure 14 shown shoe sole compound is in Figure 15 shown in an exploded view, ie in a view in which the individual parts of the composite shoe sole 105 are shown separately from one another, with the exception of the barrier material parts 33a, 33b, 33c and 33d, which are shown as already arranged on the stabilizer parts 119b and 119c. At the in Figure 15 In the embodiment shown, the stabilization device 119 has its parts 119a, 119b and 119c as initially separate parts which are connected to one another to form the stabilization device 119 during the assembly of the shoe sole assembly 105, which can be done by welding or gluing the three stabilization device parts together. As still related to Figure 16 will be explained, are below the barrier material parts openings, which together with openings 123a, 123b and 123c in the outsole parts 117a, 117b and 117c openings 31 of FIG Figure 4 form already explained and are covered with the barrier material parts 33a-33d in a water vapor permeable manner. A through opening 125 in the heel part 119a of the stabilizing device 119 is not closed with barrier material 33, but with the full-surface damping sole part 121a. This achieves a better damping effect of the composite shoe sole 105 in the heel area of the shoe, where sweat moisture removal may be less necessary under certain circumstances, since foot sweat mainly forms in the forefoot and midfoot area, but not in the heel area.

The damping sole part 121b is provided with through openings 127a, 127b and 127c, which are dimensioned such that the barrier material parts 33b, 33c, 33d within a bordering edge 129a, 129b and 129c of the stabilizing device part 119c in the through openings 127a, 127b and 127c, respectively can be included.

In a further embodiment, no damping sole part 121 is provided. In this case, the parts of the stabilization device 119a, 119b and 119c have a flat surface without a boundary edge 129a, 129b, 129c, so that the barrier material 33 is placed flush with the surface of the stabilization device in its openings. The composite sole is formed only by the barrier unit, made up of barrier material 33 and stabilizing device 119, and the outsole.

In the Figure 15 of shoe sole composite parts 105 shown diagonally above are in Figure 16 also shown in a separate arrangement, but in an oblique view from below. It can be seen that the outsole parts 117a to 117c are provided in the usual way with an outsole profile in order to reduce the risk of slipping. In addition, the undersides of the stabilizing device parts 119a and 119e have on their underside a plurality of nub-like projections 131, which are used to receive in Figure 15 complementary depressions in the upper sides of the outsole parts 117a, 117b and 117c for the positionally correct connection of the outsole parts 117a to 117c with the associated stabilizing device parts 119a and 119c. In Figure 16 In addition, openings 135a, 135b, 135c and 135d can be seen in the stabilizing device parts 119b and 119d, which are covered with the associated barrier material part 33a, 33b, 33c and 33d in a water-vapor-permeable manner, with the openings 31 ( Figure 4 ) of the shoe sole composite 105 are closed in a water vapor permeable manner. In one embodiment, the barrier material parts are arranged such that their smooth surface faces the outsole. The openings 135a to 135d are each bridged by a stabilizing grid 137a, 137b, 137c and 137e, which each form a stabilizing structure in the region of the associated opening of the stabilizing device 119. In addition, these stabilizing grids 137a-137e act against the penetration of larger foreign objects up to the barrier material 33 or even further, which could be felt uncomfortably by the user of the shoe.

Also to be mentioned are connecting elements 139 provided on the axial ends of the stabilizer part 119b on the midfoot side, which overlap when the stabilizer 119 is assembled from the three stabilizer parts 119a to 119c on the upper sides of the stabilizer parts 119a and 119c facing away from the outsole attachment side come to rest to be fixed there, for example by welding or gluing.

Figure 17 shows in opposite Figure 16 enlarged representation of the two stabilizer parts 119a and 119b before they are attached to one another, the openings 135b to 135d of the forefoot-side stabilizer part 119c and the stabilizing grid structures located therein being particularly clearly visible. It is also clear that the middle stabilizer part 119b shows frame and lattice parts bent up on the long sides. The piece of barrier material 33a to be placed on the stabilizing device part 119b is provided on its longitudinal sides with correspondingly bent-up side wings 141. These bent-up parts of both the shoe stabilization part 119b and the barrier material piece 33a adapt to the shape of the lateral metatarsal flanks. The remaining barrier material parts 33b to 33d are essentially flat, corresponding to the essentially flat design of the stabilizer device part 119c on the forefoot side.

In general, it should be added here that the at least one opening 135a-135d of the stabilization device 119b and 119c is delimited by the frame 147 of the stabilization device 119 and not by the webs 37 present in the openings 135a-135d. In the Figure 17 Limiting edges 129a-129c shown in this embodiment form part of the respective frame 147.

It is also possible to use a one-piece barrier material part instead of a plurality of barrier material parts 33b, 33c, 33d. The support projections 150 and / or boundary edges 129a-129c must be designed accordingly.

A further modification of the barrier unit part provided for the midfoot area with the stabilization device part 119b and the barrier material part 33a is shown in FIGS Figures 18 and 19 shown in Figure 18 in the fully assembled state and in Figure 19 while these two parts are still separate. In contrast to the variant in Figure 17 is in the modification of the Figures 18 and 19 the stabilization device part 119b provided for the midfoot area is provided only in the middle area with an opening and a stabilization grid 137a located therein, while the two wing parts 143 on the long sides of the stabilizing device part 119b are continuous, that is to say have no opening, but are only provided with stabilizing ribs 145 on their underside. Accordingly, the piece of barrier material 33a provided for this barrier unit part is narrower than in the variants of FIG Figures 18 to 19 because it is not the side wings 141 according to the Figure 17 needed.

While using the Figures 12 to 19 Embodiments of the composite shoe sole 105 according to the invention have now been explained with reference to FIG Figures 20 to 27 Embodiments and details of inventive footwear explained, which is constructed with a composite shoe sole according to the invention. The show Figures 20 , 22 and 23 an embodiment of the footwear according to the invention, in which the shaft bottom has a shaft mounting sole and additionally a functional layer laminate, while the Figures 24 and 25th show an embodiment of footwear according to the invention, in which a shaft bottom functional layer laminate 237 simultaneously takes over the function of a shaft mounting sole 233. The Figure 26 shows a further embodiment of the composite shoe sole 105.

In the in the Figures 20 to 25 The two embodiments shown have the shoe 101 in accordance with the Figures 12 and 13a-b a shaft 103 which has an outer material layer 211 located on the outside, an inner lining layer 213 and a waterproof, water-vapor-permeable shaft functional layer layer 215 located between them, for example in the form of a membrane. The shaft functional layer layer 215 can be present in combination with the lining layer 213 as a 2-layer laminate or as a 3-layer laminate, the shaft function layer layer 215 being embedded between the lining layer 213 and a textile side 214. The upper shaft end 217 is dependent on whether the cutting plane the one in the Figures 20 and 24th cross-sectional view shown is in the forefoot area or in the midfoot area, closed or to the foot insertion opening 113 ( Figure 12 ) open. On the sole-side shaft end region 219, the shaft 103 is provided with a shaft bottom 221, by means of which the lower end of the shaft 103 on the sole side is closed. The shaft bottom 221 has a shaft mounting sole 233, which is connected to the sole-side shaft end region 219, which in the embodiments according to FIGS Figures 20 to 25 happens by means of a strobe seam 235.

In the case of the embodiment of the Figures 20 , 22 and 23 In addition to the shaft mounting sole 233, a shaft bottom functional layer laminate 237 is provided, which is arranged below the shaft mounting sole 233 and extends beyond the circumference of the shaft mounting sole 233 into the sole-side shaft end region 219. The shaft bottom functional layer laminate 237 can be a 3-layer laminate, the shaft bottom functional layer 248 is embedded between a textile backing and another textile layer. It is also possible to provide the shaft bottom functional layer 247 only with the textile backing. In the sole end region 219 of the upper material layer 211 is shorter than the upper functional layer layer 215, so that there is a protrusion of the upper functional layer layer 215 from the upper material layer 211 and the outer surface of the upper functional layer layer 215 is exposed. Mainly for the mechanical strain relief of the protrusion of the shaft functional layer layer 215, a net band 241 or another material penetrable for sealing material is arranged between the sole-side end 238 of the upper material layer 211 and the sole-side end 239 of the shaft functional layer layer 215, the longitudinal side thereof remote from the strobe seam 235 by means of a first seam 243 is connected to the sole-side end 238 of the upper material layer 211, but not to the shaft functional layer layer 215, and its long side facing the strobe seam 235 is connected to the sole-side end 239 of the shaft functional layer layer 215 and to the shaft mounting sole 233 by means of the strobe seam 235. The net tape 241 is preferably made of a monofilament material so that it has no water conductivity. The mesh tape is preferably used for molded soles. If the sole composite is attached to the shaft by means of adhesive, instead of the net tape, the end 238 of the upper material layer 211 on the sole side can be attached to the lasting function layer laminate by means of adhesive 249 ( Figure 22 ). In the circumferential region 245, in which the upper surface functional layer laminate 237 projects beyond the circumference of the upper mounting sole 233, a sealing material 248 is arranged between the upper floor functional layer laminate 237 and the sole-side end 239 of the upper functional layer layer 215, by means of which a waterproof connection between the sole-side end 239, the upper functional layer 215 and the peripheral region 245 of the shaft bottom functional layer laminate 237 is produced, this seal acting through the mesh band 241.

The in the Figures 20 , 23 to 25 The net tape solution shown serves to prevent water that runs down or crawls down the upper material layer 211 from reaching the strobing seam 235 and from there penetrating into the shoe interior. This is prevented by the fact that the sole-side end 238 of the upper material layer 211 ends at a distance from the sole-side end 239 of the shaft functional layer layer 215, which is bridged with the non-water-conducting mesh tape 241, and the sealing material 247 is provided in the region of the protrusion of the shaft functional layer layer 215. The network band solution is known per se from the document EP 0298360 B1 .

Instead of the net band solution, all connection technologies used in the shoe industry can be used for the preferably watertight connection of the upper to the upper. The network tape solution shown and the tweaked solution in Figure 22 are exemplary embodiments.

The in Figure 24 Shaft construction shown matches that in Figure 20 Shaft construction shown coincide, with the exception that there is no separate shaft mounting sole there, but that the shaft bottom functional layer laminate 237 also takes over the function of a shaft mounting sole 233. Accordingly, the circumference of the shaft-bottom functional layer laminate 237 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 24 is connected to the sole-side end 239 of the shaft-functional layer layer 215 via the strobe seam 235 and the sealing material 248 is applied in the region of this strobe seam 235 so that the transition between the sole-side end 239 of the shaft functional layer layer 215 and the peripheral region of the shaft bottom functional layer laminate 237 as a whole is sealed, including the strobe seam 235.

In both embodiments of the Figures 20 and 24th For example, a shoe sole assembly 105 of the same construction can be used, as shown in these two figures. Because in the Figures 20 and 24th Shown are sectional views of the shoe 101 in the forefoot area, these figures show a sectional view of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole 105, that is to say a sectional view along a transverse cutting line through the stabilization unit part 119c intended for the forefoot area with the barrier material piece 33c inserted in its opening 135c .

Accordingly, the sectional view of the composite shoe sole 105 shows the stabilizing device part 119c with its opening 135c, a web of the associated stabilizing grid 137c bridging this opening, the upstanding frame 129b, the piece of barrier material 33c inserted in this frame 129b, the damping sole part 121b on the upper side of the stabilizing device part 119c and the outsole part 117b on the underside of the stabilizer part 119c. In this respect, both embodiments of the Figures 20 and 24th match.

Figure 21 shows an example of a barrier unit 35, in which a piece of barrier material 33 is provided on its underside with at least one stabilizing web 37. In this case, an adhesive 39 is applied to the surface area of the barrier material 33 opposite the stabilizing web 37, via which the adhesive material 33 is connected to the waterproof, water-vapor-permeable upper 221 of the shoe, which is located outside the composite shoe sole above the barrier unit 35. The adhesive 39 is applied in such a way that the shaft bottom 221 remains unconnected to the barrier material 33 wherever there is no material of the stabilizing web 37 on the underside of the barrier material 33. In this way it is ensured that the water vapor permeability function of the shaft bottom 115 is only disturbed by adhesive 39 where the barrier material 33 cannot permit water vapor transport anyway due to the arrangement of the stabilizing web 37.

While in the Figures 20 and 24th the respective shoe sole composite 105 is shown separately from the respective associated shaft 103, the Figures 22 , 23 and 25th in an enlarged representation and in sections, these two embodiments with the shoe sole composite 105 attached to the underside of the upper. In these enlarged views, the upper surface functional layer 247 of the upper functional layer laminate 237 is preferably a microporous functional layer in all embodiments, for example made of stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). As has already been mentioned above, other types of functional layer materials can also be used.

In these enlarged sectional views of the Figures 22 , 23 and 25th the waterproof connection created with the sealing material 248 between the overlapping opposite ends of the shaft functional layer layer is particularly good 215 and the shaft bottom functional layer 247 can be seen. It is also clearer than in the Figures 20 and 24th to see the inclusion of one side of the net band in the strobe seam 235.

Figure 22 shows an embodiment in which the sole composite 105 according to the invention is fastened to the shaft base by means of fastening adhesive 250. The shaft functional layer laminate 216 is a three-layer composite with a textile layer 214, a shaft functional layer 215 and a lining layer 213.
The end 238 of the upper material layer 211 on the sole side is fastened to the upper functional layer laminate 216 with lasting adhesive 249.

The fastening adhesive 250 is applied to the surface of the composite sole with the exception of the openings 135 and the barrier material 33 arranged in the region of the openings 135. When the composite sole is attached to the shaft bottom 221, the fastening adhesive 250 penetrates up to and partially into the shaft functional layer laminate 216 and also to and partly in edge areas of the shaft bottom functional layer laminate 237.

Figure 23 is an illustration of the shaft construction according to Figure 20 with a molded shoe sole compound. The three-layer upper layer functional layer laminate 237 is attached to the upper sole 233 in such a way that the textile side 246 faces the composite sole. This is advantageous because the sole injection material 260 can more easily penetrate into the thin textile side and anchor there, thus creating a firm connection to the shaft bottom functional layer 237.

The barrier unit with the at least one opening 135 and the at least one piece of barrier material 33 is in the form of a prefabricated unit and is inserted into the injection mold before the injection process. The sole injection material 260 is correspondingly injection-molded onto the shaft bottom, whereby it penetrates through the mesh band 241 to the shaft functional layer laminate 216.

Figure 25 shows an enlarged and partial view of the Figure 24 . The sole composite 105 shows a further embodiment of the barrier unit 35 according to the invention. The shoe stabilization device 119c forms part of the sole composite 105 and does not extend here to the outer circumference of the sole composite 105. A piece of barrier material 33c is above the opening 135 attached in such a way that the material 33c rests on the circumferential, continuously planar boundary edge 130 of the opening 135.

The sole composite 105 can be attached to the shaft bottom 221 with fastening adhesive 250 or can be injection molded with sole injection material 260 (as shown).

Figure 25 also clearly shows that in the embodiment in which the shaft bottom functional layer laminate 237 also takes over the function of the shaft mounting sole 233, the laminate comes to lie directly above the opposite upper side of the piece of barrier material 33c, which is particularly advantageous. In this case, no air cushion can form between the shaft bottom functional layer laminate 237 and the barrier material piece 33c, which could impair the water vapor removal, and the barrier material piece 33c and in particular the shaft bottom functional layer 247 is particularly close to the sole of the foot of the user of such a shoe, which improves the water vapor removal , which is determined by the existing temperature gradient between the interior and exterior of the shoe.

Figure 26 is a representation of a further embodiment of the composite sole according to the invention. The perspective illustration shows a plurality of openings 135 in the shoe stabilization device 119, which are arranged from the toe region to the heel region of the composite sole. Thus, the stabilizing material 33 is also present in the heel area. The outsole forms the outsole parts 117.

Figure 27 is a representation of a further embodiment of the composite sole according to the invention in cross-sectional representation. The sole composite 105 of this embodiment is in Figure 24 sole composite shown quite similar. The sole composite 105 according to Figure 27 has an outsole, a cross section through the ball area of the sole composite 105 being shown in this figure and therefore a cross section through the corresponding outsole part 117b. The teaching according to Figure 27 but also applies to the other areas of the composite sole 105, that is to say also to the middle part of the foot and the heel part thereof. The outsole part 117b has a tread 153, which touches the floor when walking. The sectional view of the composite sole 105 of Figure 27 shows the stabilizer part 119c with its opening 135c, its upwardly projecting boundary edge 129b, the piece of barrier material 33c inserted into the boundary edge 129b, the damping sole part 121b on the upper side of the stabilizer part 119c and the outsole part 117b on the underside of the stabilizer part 119c. A support element 151 is attached to the underside of the barrier material piece 33c. This extends from the side of the barrier material 33 facing the tread to the level of the tread 153 in such a way that the barrier material 33 is supported on the walked floor when it is run over the support element 151. That is, an in Figure 27 lower free end of the support element 151, when the shoe provided with this sole composite stands on a surface, touches this surface. As a result of this support by the support element 151, the piece of barrier material 33c is essentially in its shape when walking on such a surface Figure 27 shown position held so that its bending under the load of a user of the shoe is avoided. A plurality of support elements 151 can be arranged in the opening 135c in order to increase the support effect for the piece of barrier material 33c and to make it more uniform over its surface extension.

The support function can also be obtained by using the in Figure 24 Stabilizing web 137c shown forms at the same time as a support element 151 by not allowing the stabilizing web 137c to end at a distance from the underside of the outsole part 117b which serves as the tread, but rather to extend to the level of this underside. This gives the stabilizing web 137c the double function of stabilizing and supporting the piece of barrier material 33c. For example, the in Figure 10 The stabilizing webs 37c shown or the stabilizing grid 37d shown in FIG. 11 are designed entirely or partially as support elements 151.

With the sole structure according to the invention, a high water vapor permeability value is achieved because, on the one hand, large openings are provided in the shoe sole assembly 105 and these are closed with material of high water vapor permeability and because, at least in the area of the openings 31, there is no connection between the water vapor permeable barrier material 33 and the water vapor exchange barrier There is a shaft bottom functional layer 247 and such a connection exists at most in the areas outside the openings 31 of the composite shoe sole 105 which are not actively involved in the water vapor exchange are, for example, the edge regions of the composite shoe sole 105. In addition, in the construction according to the invention, the upper layer 247 of the shaft bottom is arranged close to the foot, which leads to an accelerated removal of water vapor.

The shaft bottom functional layer laminate 237 can be a multilayer laminate with two, three or even more layers. At least one functional layer is included with at least one textile carrier for the functional layer, wherein the functional layer can be formed by a waterproof, water vapor permeable membrane 247, which is preferably microporous.

1. 1. Wasserdampfdurchlässiger Schuhsohlenverbund (105) mit einer Oberseite (50), aufweisend:
   • mindestens eine sich durch die Schuhsohlenverbunddicke hindurch erstreckende Durchbrechung (31);
     eine Barriereeinheit (35) mit einer mindestens teilweise die Oberseite (50) des Schuhsohlenverbundes (105) bildenden Oberseite und mit einem als Barriere gegen ein Hindurchdrücken von Fremdkörpern ausgebildeten wasserdampfdurchlässigen Barrierematerial (33), mittels welchem die mindestens eine Durchbrechung (31) in wasserdampfdurchlässiger Weise verschlossen ist;
   • eine dem Barrierematerial (33) zugeordnete, für eine mechanische Stabilisierung des Schuhsohlenverbundes (105) ausgebildete Stabilisierungseinrichtung (25), die mit mindestens einem Stabilisierungssteg (37) aufgebaut ist, der mindestens auf einer Oberfläche des Barrierematerials (33) angeordnet ist und die mindestens eine Durchbrechung (31) wenigstens teilweise überquert;
   • und mindestens ein unterhalb der Barriereeinheit (35) angeordnetes Laufsohlenteil (117).
2. 2. Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 1, dessen Barriereeinheit (35) wasserdurchlässig ausgebildet ist.
3. 3. Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 1, der wasserdurchlässig ausgebildet ist.
4. 4. Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 3,
   dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 15% der Fläche des Vorderfußbereichs des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
5. 5. Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 4,
   dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 25% der Fläche des Vorderfußbereichs des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
6. 6. Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach nach Absatz 5,
   dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 40% der Fläche des Vorderfußbereichs des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
7. 7. Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach nach Absatz 6,
   dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 50% der Fläche des Vorderfußbereichs des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind
8. 8. Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach nach Absatz 7,
   dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist dass wenigstens 60% der Fläche des Vorderfußbereichs des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
9. 9. Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach nach Absatz 8,
   dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist dass wenigstens 75% der Fläche des Vorderfußbereichs des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
10. 10.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 9,
    dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 15% der Fläche des Mittelfußbereichs des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
11. 11.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 9,
    dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 25% der Fläche des Mittelfußbereichs des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
12. 12.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 9,
    dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 40% der Fläche des Mittelfußbereichs des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
13. 13.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 3,
    dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 50% der Fläche des Mittelfußbereichs des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
14. 14.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 3,
    dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 60% der Fläche des Mittelfußbereichs des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind
15. 15.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 3,
    dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 75% der Fläche des Mittelfußbereichs des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
16. 16.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 3, dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 15% der vorderen Hälfte der Längserstreckung des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
17. 17.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach nach Absatz 16, dessen mindestens eine
    Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 25% der vorderen Hälfte der Längserstreckung des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
18. 18.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach nach Absatz 17, dessen mindestens eine
    Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 40% der vorderen Hälfte der Längserstreckung des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
19. 19.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach nach Absatz 18, dessen mindestens eine
    Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 50% der vorderen Hälfte der Längserstreckung des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
20. 20.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach nach Absatz 19, dessen mindestens eine
    Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 60% der vorderen Hälfte der Längserstreckung des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
21. 21.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 3, dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens 75% der vorderen Hälfte der Längserstreckung des Schuhsohlenverbundes wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
22. 22.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 3, dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass von der Längserstreckung des Schuhsohlenverbundes abzüglich des Absatzbereichs wenigstens 15% wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
23. 23.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach nach Absatz 22, dessen mindestens eine
    Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass von der Längserstreckung des Schuhsohlenverbundes abzüglich des Absatzbereichs wenigstens 25% wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
24. 24.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 23, dessen mindestens eine Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass von der Längserstreckung des Schuhsohlenverbundes abzüglich des Absatzbereichs wenigstens 40% wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
25. 25.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach nach Absatz 24, dessen mindestens eine
    Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass von der Längserstreckung des Schuhsohlenverbundes abzüglich des Absatzbereichs wenigstens 50% wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
26. 26.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach nach Absatz 25, dessen mindestens eine
    Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass von der Längserstreckung des Schuhsohlenverbundes abzüglich des Absatzbereichs wenigstens 60% wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
27. 27.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach nach Absatz 26, dessen mindestens eine
    Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) so ausgebildet ist, dass von der Längserstreckung des Schuhsohlenverbundes abzüglich des Absatzbereichs wenigstens 75% wasserdampfdurchlässig sind.
28. 28.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 27,
    mit einer Mehrzahl von Durchbrechungen (31), die je von einem Stück des Barrierematerials (33) verschlossen sind.
29. 29.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 27,
    mit einer Mehrzahl von Durchbrechungen (31), die insgesamt von einem Stück des Barrierematerials (33) verschlossen sind.
30. 30.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 29,
    wobei die Barriereeinheit (35) mindestens einen Stabilisierungssteg (37) auf der laufsohlenzugewandten Seite der Barriereeinheit (35) aufweist.
31. 31.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 30,
    wobei die Stabilisierungseinrichtung (25) mit dem mindestens einen Stabilisierungssteg (37) nicht Bestandteil des mindestens einen Laufsohlenteils ist.
32. 32.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 31,
    wobei die Stabilisierungseinrichtung mit dem mindestens einen Stabilisierungssteg (37) einen Abstand zu einem Boden aufweist.
33. 33.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 32,
    wobei der Abstand der Dicke des mindestens einen Laufsohlenteils entspricht.
34. 34.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der vorhergehenden Absätze,
    dessen Laufsohlenteil ein erstes Material aufweist und die Stabilisierungseinrichtung ein zweites Material aufweist welches verschieden von dem ersten Material ist, wobei das zweite Material härter (nach Shore) als das erste Material ist.
35. 35.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 34,
    wobei das Barrierematerial (33) in Form eines Faserverbundes ausgebildet ist.
36. 36.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 35,
    wobei die Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) einstückig ausgebildet ist und sämtliche Durchbrechungen (31) verschließendes Barrierematerial (33) trägt.
37. 37.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 36,
    wobei die Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) mehrstückig ausgebildet ist, wobei die Stücke wenigstens der mindestens einen Durchbrechung (31) zugeordnet sind und je ein Stück des Barrierematerials (33) tragen, das die mindestens eine Durchbrechung (31) verschließt.
38. 38.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 37,
    dessen Stabilisierungseinrichtung (25) mit mindestens einer Öffnung (135) versehen ist, die wenigstens einen Teil der Durchbrechung (31) bildet und mit Barrierematerial (33) verschlossen ist.
39. 39.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 38,
    dessen Stabilisierungseinrichtung (25) eine Mehrzahl von Öffnungen (135) aufweist, die insgesamt mit einem Stück des Barrierematerials (33) verschlossen sind.
40. 40.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 38,
    dessen Stabilisierungseinrichtung (25) eine Mehrzahl von Öffnungen (135) aufweist, die je mit einem Stück des Barrierematerials (33) verschlossen sind.
41. 41.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 40,
    dessen Stabilisierungseinrichtung (25) sohlenförmig oder teilsohlenförmig ausgebildet ist.
42. 42.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 41,
    dessen Stabilisierungseinrichtung (25) wenigstens einen mindestens den Schuhsohlenverbund (105) stabilisierenden Stabilisierungsrahmen (147) aufweist.
43. 43.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 42,
    dessen Stabilisierungsrahmen (147) in die mindestens eine Durchbrechung (31) bzw. in mindestens eine der Durchbrechungen des Schuhsohlenverbundes (105) eingepasst ist.
44. 44.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 38 bis 43,
    wobei die mindestens eine Öffnung (135) eine Fläche von mindestens 1 cm² aufweist.
45. 45.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 44,
    wobei die mindestens eine Öffnung (135) eine Fläche von mindestens 5 cm² aufweist.
46. 46.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 45,
    wobei die mindestens eine Öffnung (135) eine Fläche von mindestens 20 cm² aufweist
47. 47.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 46, wobei die mindestens eine Öffnung (135) eine Fläche von mindestens 40 cm² aufweist.
48. 48.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 42 bis 47,
    wobei der Stabilisierungsrahmen (147) der Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) mindestens einen die je zugeordnete Durchbrechung (31) überbrückenden Stabilisierungssteg (37) aufweist.
49. 49.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 48,
    dessen Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) mehrere der Stabilisierungsstege (37) aufweist, die eine gitterförmige Struktur auf mindestens einer Oberfläche des Barrierematerials bilden.
50. 50.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 49,
    dessen Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) mit mindestens einem Thermoplasten aufgebaut ist.
51. 51.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 50,
    wobei die Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) und das Barrierematerial (33) mindestens teilweise miteinander verbunden sind.
52. 52.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 51,
    wobei die Stabilisierungseinrichtung (119) und das Barrierematerial (33) mittels mindestens einer aus Kleben, Schweißen, Anspritzen, Umspritzen, Anvulkanisieren und Umvulkanisieren ausgewählten Verbindungstechnik miteinander verbunden sind.
53. 53.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 52,
    wobei das Barrierematerial (33) einen Faserverbund mit mindestens zwei Faserkomponenten aufweist, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer Schmelztemperatur unterscheiden,
    wobei mindestens ein Teil einer ersten Faserkomponente eine erste Schmelztemperatur und einen darunter liegenden ersten Erweichungstemperaturbereich aufweist und mindestens ein Teil einer zweiten Faserkomponente eine zweite Schmelztemperatur und einen darunter liegenden zweiten Erweichungstemperaturbereich aufweist und die erste Schmelztemperatur und der erste Erweichungstemperaturbereich höher als die zweite Schmelztemperatur und der zweite Erweichungstemperaturbereich sind,
    und wobei der Faserverbund infolge thermischer Aktivierung der zweiten Faserkomponente mit einer im zweiten Erweichungstemperaturbereich liegenden Klebeerweichungstemperatur thermisch verfestigt ist unter Aufrechterhaltung von Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit im thermisch verfestigten Bereich.
54. 54.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 53, wobei mindestens ein Teil der Faserkomponenten des Faserverbundes durch mindestens teilweises Erweichen der zweiten Faserkomponente miteinander thermisch verklebt ist.
55. 55.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 53 oder 54,
    bei deren Faserverbund wenigstens die zweite Faserkomponente mindestens einen ersten Faseranteil und einen zweiten Faseranteil umfasst, wobei der erste Faseranteil eine höhere Schmelztemperatur und einen höheren Erweichungstemperaturbereich als der zweite Faseranteil aufweist.
56. 56.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 53 bis 55,
    dessen Faserverbund ein textiles Flächengebilde ist.
57. 57.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 56,
    dessen Faserverbund ein Gewebe, ein Gewirke, ein Gestricke, ein Vlies, ein Filz, ein Netz oder ein Gelege ist.
58. 58.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 57,
    dessen Faserverbund ein mechanisch verfestigtes Vlies ist.
59. 59.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 58,
    dessen Faserverbund ein vernadeltes Vlies ist.
60. 60.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 53 bis 59, wobei mindestens ein Teil der zweiten Faserkomponente und gegebenenfalls des zweiten Faseranteils der zweiten Faserkomponente bei einer Temperatur im Bereich zwischen 80°C und 230°C thermisch aktivierbar ist.
61. 61.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 53 bis 60,
    wobei die erste Faserkomponente und gegebenenfalls der erste Faseranteil der zweiten Faserkomponente bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 130°C schmelzbeständig sind.
62. 62.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 61,
    wobei die erste Faserkomponente und gegebenenfalls der erste Faseranteil der zweiten Faserkomponente bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 170°C schmelzbeständig sind.
63. 63.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 62,
    wobei die erste Faserkomponente und gegebenenfalls der erste Faseranteil der zweiten Faserkomponente bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 250°C schmelzbeständig sind.
64. 64.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 53 bis 63,
    wobei die erste Faserkomponente und gegebenenfalls der erste Faseranteil der zweiten Faserkomponente ausgewählt sind ist aus der Materialgruppe aufweisend Naturfasern, Kunststofffasern, Metallfasern, Glasfasern, Carbonfasern und Mischungen davon.
65. 65.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 53 bis 64
    wobei die zweite Faserkomponente und gegebenenfalls der zweite Faseranteil der zweiten Faserkomponente mit mindestens einer Kunststofffaser aufgebaut sind.
66. 66.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 64 oder 65,
    wobei mindestens eine der beiden Faserkomponenten und gegebenenfalls mindestens einer der beiden Faseranteile der zweiten Faserkomponente ausgewählt ist aus der Materialgruppe aufweisend Polyolefine, Polyamid, Co-Polyamid, Viskose, Polyurethan, Polyacryl, Polybutylenterephthalat und Mischungen davon.
67. 67.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 63 oder 65,
    wobei die erste Faserkomponente und gegebenenfalls der erste Faseranteil der zweiten Faserkomponente aus der Materialgruppe Polyester und Co-Polyester ausgewählt ist.
68. 68.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 64 oder 65,
    wobei mindestens die zweite Faserkomponente und gegebenenfalls mindestens der zweite Faseranteil der zweiten Faserkomponente mindestens einen Thermoplasten aufweist.
69. 69.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 68,
    wobei die zweite Faserkomponente und gegebenenfalls der zweite Faseranteil der zweiten Faserkomponente aus der Materialgruppe Polyamid, Co-Polyamid, Polybutylenterephthalat und Polyolefin gewählt ist.
70. 70.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach den Absätzen 65 und 68,
    wobei das Polyolefin aus Polyethylen und Polypropylen ausgewählt ist.
71. 71.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 69,
    wobei die zweite Faserkomponente und gegebenenfalls der zweite Faseranteil der zweiten Faserkomponente aus der Materialgruppe Polyester und Co-Polyester ausgewählt ist.
72. 72.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 71,
    wobei beide Faseranteile der zweiten Faserkomponente aus Polyester sind und das Polyester des zweiten Faseranteils eine niedrigere Schmelztemperatur mit einem darunter liegenden Erweichungstemperaturbereich aufweist als das Polyester des ersten Faseranteils.
73. 73.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 53 bis 72,
    wobei mindestens die zweite Faserkomponente eine Kern-Mantel-Struktur aufweist und der zweite Faseranteil den Mantel bildet.
74. 74.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 53 bis 72,
    wobei mindestens die zweite Faserkomponente eine Seite-an-Seite-Struktur aufweist, deren eine Seite mit dem zweiten Faseranteil der zweiten Faserkomponente aufgebaut ist.
75. 75.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 53 bis 74,
    wobei die zweite Faserkomponente einen Gewichtsprozentanteil bezogen auf das Flächengewicht des Faserverbundes im Bereich von 10% bis 90% hat.
76. 76.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 75,
    wobei die zweite Faserkomponente einen Gewichtsprozentanteil bezogen auf das Flächengewicht des Faserverbundes im Bereich von 10% bis 60% hat.
77. 77.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 76,
    wobei die zweite Faserkomponente einen Gewichtsprozentanteil bezogen auf das Flächengewicht des Faserverbundes von 50% hat.
78. 78.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 76,
    wobei die zweite Faserkomponente einen Gewichtsprozentanteil bezogen auf das Flächengewicht des Faserverbundes von 20% hat.
79. 79.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 53 bis 78,
    wobei für die beiden Faserkomponenten und gegebenenfalls die beiden Faseranteile der zweiten Faserkomponente Fasermaterialien ausgewählt sind, deren Schmelztemperaturen sich um mindestens 20°C unterscheiden.
80. 80.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 53 bis 79,
    dessen Barrierematerial (33) über mindestens einen Teil seiner Dicke thermisch verfestigt ist.
81. 81.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach nach einem der Absätze 53 bis 79,
    dessen Barrierematerial (33) über mindestens einen Teil seiner Dicke thermisch verfestigt ist und an mindestens einer Oberfläche mittels Druck und Temperatur oberflächenglättend verpresst ist.
82. 82.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 81,
    dessen Barrierematerial ausgerüstet ist mit einem oder mehreren Mitteln aus der Materialgruppe wasserabweisende Mittel, schmutzabweisende Mittel, ölabweisende Mittel, antibakterielle Mittel, Antigeruchsmittel und Kombinationen davon.
83. 83.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 82,
    dessen Barrierematerial (33) wasserabweisend, schmutzabweisend, ölabweisend, antibakteriell und/oder gegen Geruch behandelt ist.
84. 84.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 83,
    dessen Barrierematerial eine Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit von mindestens 4000 g/m²• 24 h aufweist.
85. 85.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 84,
    dessen Barrierematerial (33) eine Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit von mindestens 7000 g/m² • 24 h aufweist.
86. 86.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 85,
    dessen Barrierematerial (33) eine Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit von mindestens 10000 g/m² • 24 h aufweist.
87. 87.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 86,
    dessen Barrierematerial (33) eine Dicke im Bereich von mindestens 1 mm bis 5 mm aufweist.
88. 88.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 87,
    dessen Barrierematerial (33) eine Dicke im Bereich von mindestens 1 mm bis 2,5 mm aufweist.
89. 89.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 88,
    dessen Barrierematerial (33) eine Dicke im Bereich von mindestens 1 mm bis 1,5 mm aufweist.
90. 90.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 89, mit einer Lauffläche (153),
    wobei dem Barrierematerial (33) in der Durchbrechung bzw. in mindestens einer der Durchbrechungen (33a, 33b, 33c) wenigstens ein Abstützelement (151) zugeordnet ist, das sich von der laufflächenzugewandten Seite des Barrierematerials (33) aus bis zum Niveau der Lauffläche (153) erstreckt, derart, dass sich das Barrierematerial (33) beim Laufen über das Abstützelement (151) auf dem begangenen Boden abstützt.
91. 91.Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach Absatz 90, wobei mindestens einer der Stabilisierungsstege (37) gleichzeitig als Abstützelement (151) ausgebildet ist.
92. 92.Schuhwerk mit einem Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 91,
    aufweisend einen Schaft (103), der an einem sohlenseitigen Schaftendbereich (219) mit einer wasserdichten und wasserdampfdurchlässigen Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247) versehen ist, wobei der Schuhsohlenverbund (105) mit dem mit der Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247) versehenen Schaftendbereich derart verbunden ist, dass die Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247) wenigstens im Bereich der mindestens einen Durchbrechung (31) mit dem Barrierematerial (33) unverbunden ist.
93. 93.Schuhwerk nach Absatz 92, bei welchem der Schaft (103) mit mindestens einem Schaftmaterial aufgebaut ist, wobei das Schaftmaterial wenigstens im Bereich des sohlenseitigen Schaftendbereichs (219) eine wasserdichte Schaftfunktionsschicht (215) aufweist und wobei zwischen der Schaftfunktionsschicht (215) und der Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247) eine wasserdichte Abdichtung besteht.
94. 94.Schuhwerk nach Absatz 92 oder 93,
    dessen Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247) einer wasserdampfdurchlässigen Schaftmontagesohle (233) zugeordnet ist.
95. 95.Schuhwerk nach einem der Absätze 92 bis 94,
    dessen Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247) Teil eines mehrlagigen Laminates ist.
96. 96.Schuhwerk nach Absatz 95,
    dessen Schaftmontagesohle (233) mit dem Laminat aufgebaut ist.
97. 97.Schuhwerk nach einem der Absätze 92 bis 96,
    dessen Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247) und gegebenenfalls die Schaftfunktionsschicht (215) eine wasserdichte, wasserdampfdurchlässige Membrane aufweist.
98. 98.Schuhwerk nach Absatz 97,
    dessen Membrane (247) gerecktes Polytetrafluorethylen aufweist.
99. 99.Schuhwerk nach einem der Absätze 92 bis 98, mit einem Schuhbodenaufbau,
    der den Schuhsohlenverbund (105) und die darüber befindliche Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247) aufweist, wobei der Schuhbodenaufbau eine Wasserdampfdurchlassrate (MVTR) im Bereich von 0,4 g/h - 3 g/h aufweist.
100. 100.Schuhwerk nach Absatz 99, dessen Schuhbodenaufbau eine Wasserdampfdurchlassrate (MVTR) im Bereich von 0,8 g/h - 1,5 g/h aufweist.
101. 101.Schuhwerk nach Absatz 100, dessen Schuhbodenaufbau eine Wasserdampfdurchlassrate (MVTR) von 1 g/h aufweist.
102. 102.Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schuhwerk mit einem wasserdampfdurchlässigen Schuhsohlenverbund (105) nach einem der Absätze 1 bis 91 und einem Schaft (103), der an einem sohlenseitigen Schaftendbereich (219) mit einer wasserdichten und wasserdampfdurchlässigen Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247) versehen ist, mit folgenden Verfahrensschritten:
     1. a) es werden der Schuhsohlenverbund (105) und der Schaft (103) bereitgestellt;
     2. b) der Schaft (103) wird an dem sohlenseitigen Schaftendbereich (219) mit einer wasserdichten und wasserdampfdurchlässigen Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247) versehen;
     3. c) der Schuhsohlenverbund (105) und der mit der Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247)versehene sohlenseitigen Schaftendbereich (219) werden miteinander derart verbunden,
     dass die Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247) wenigstens im Bereich der mindestens einen Durchbrechung (31) mit dem Barrierematerial (33) unverbunden bleibt.
103. 103.Verfahren nach Absatz 102,
     bei welchem der sohlenseitige Schaftendbereich (219) mit der Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247) verschlossen wird.
104. 104.Verfahren nach Absatz 102 oder 103, zur Herstellung von Schuhwerk, dessen Schaft (103) mit einer Schaftfunktionsschicht (215) versehen ist,
     wobei zwischen der Schaftfunktionsschicht (215) und der Schaftbodenfunktionsschicht (247) eine wasserdichte Verbindung hergestellt wird.

Further embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the following numbered paragraphs:

1. 1. Water vapor permeable shoe sole composite (105) with an upper side (50), comprising:
   • at least one opening (31) extending through the composite shoe sole thickness;
     a barrier unit (35) with an upper side at least partially forming the upper side (50) of the composite shoe sole (105) and with a water-vapor-permeable barrier material (33) designed as a barrier against the pushing of foreign bodies, by means of which the at least one opening (31) is permeable to water vapor is locked;
   • a stabilization device (25) assigned to the barrier material (33) and designed for mechanical stabilization of the composite shoe sole (105), which is constructed with at least one stabilization web (37) which is arranged on at least one surface of the barrier material (33) and which has at least one Opening (31) at least partially crossed;
   • and at least one outsole part (117) arranged below the barrier unit (35).
2. 2. Shoe sole composite (105) according to paragraph 1, the barrier unit (35) is water-permeable.
3. 3. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 1, which is water-permeable.
4. 4. composite shoe soles (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 3,
   whose at least one stabilizing device (119) is designed such that at least 15% of the area of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
5. 5. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 4,
   whose at least one stabilization device (119) is designed such that at least 25% of the area of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
6. 6. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 5,
   whose at least one stabilization device (119) is designed such that at least 40% of the area of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
7. 7. shoe sole composite (105) according to paragraph 6,
   whose at least one stabilization device (119) is designed such that at least 50% of the area of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor
8. 8. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 7,
   whose at least one stabilizing device (119) is designed such that at least 60% of the area of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
9. 9. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 8,
   whose at least one stabilization device (119) is designed such that at least 75% of the area of the forefoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
10. 10.shoe sole compound (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 9,
    whose at least one stabilization device (119) is designed such that at least 15% of the area of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
11. 11. Shoe sole composite (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 9,
    whose at least one stabilizing device (119) is designed such that at least 25% of the area of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
12. 12.shoe sole composite (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 9,
    whose at least one stabilization device (119) is designed such that at least 40% of the area of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
13. 13.shoe sole composite (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 3,
    whose at least one stabilizing device (119) is designed that at least 50% of the area of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
14. 14.Shoe sole composite (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 3,
    whose at least one stabilizing device (119) is designed such that at least 60% of the area of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor
15. 15.Shoe sole composite (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 3,
    whose at least one stabilizing device (119) is designed such that at least 75% of the area of the midfoot area of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
16. 16. The composite shoe sole (105) according to one of the paragraphs 1 to 3, the at least one stabilizing device (119) of which is designed such that at least 15% of the front half of the longitudinal extension of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
17. 17. Shoe sole composite (105) according to paragraph 16, at least one of which
    Stabilizing device (119) is designed such that at least 25% of the front half of the longitudinal extension of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
18. 18. Shoe sole composite (105) according to paragraph 17, at least one of which
    Stabilizing device (119) is designed such that at least 40% of the front half of the longitudinal extension of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
19. 19. Shoe sole composite (105) according to paragraph 18, of which at least one
    Stabilizing device (119) is designed so that at least 50% of the front half of the longitudinal extension of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor.
20. 20. Shoe sole composite (105) according to paragraph 19, of which at least one
    Stabilizing device (119) is designed such that at least 60% of the front half of the longitudinal extension of the composite shoe sole is permeable to water vapor are.
21. 21. The shoe sole compound (105) according to one of the paragraphs 1 to 3, the at least one stabilizing device (119) of which is designed such that at least 75% of the front half of the longitudinal extension of the shoe sole compound is permeable to water vapor.
22. 22. The composite shoe sole (105) according to one of the paragraphs 1 to 3, the at least one stabilizing device (119) of which is designed such that at least 15% of the length of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area is permeable to water vapor.
23. 23. Shoe sole composite (105) according to paragraph 22, of which at least one
    Stabilizing device (119) is designed such that at least 25% of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area is permeable to water vapor.
24. 24. The sole of the shoe sole (105) according to paragraph 23, the at least one stabilizing device (119) of which is designed such that at least 40% of the longitudinal extension of the sole of the shoe minus the heel area is permeable to water vapor.
25. 25. Shoe sole composite (105) according to paragraph 24, of which at least one
    Stabilizing device (119) is designed such that at least 50% of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area is permeable to water vapor.
26. 26. Shoe sole composite (105) according to paragraph 25, at least one of which
    Stabilizing device (119) is designed such that at least 60% of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area is permeable to water vapor.
27. 27. Shoe sole composite (105) according to paragraph 26, of which at least one
    Stabilizing device (119) is designed such that at least 75% of the longitudinal extent of the composite shoe sole minus the heel area is permeable to water vapor.
28. 28. Shoe sole composite (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 27,
    with a plurality of openings (31), each of which is closed by a piece of the barrier material (33).
29. 29. Composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 27,
    with a plurality of openings (31) which are closed by a piece of the barrier material (33).
30. 30. The composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 29,
    wherein the barrier unit (35) has at least one stabilizing web (37) on the side of the barrier unit (35) facing the outsole.
31. 31. Shoe sole composite (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 30,
    the stabilizing device (25) with the at least one stabilizing web (37) not being part of the at least one outsole part.
32. 32. composite shoe soles (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 31,
    the stabilization device with the at least one stabilization web (37) being at a distance from a floor.
33. 33. composite shoe sole (105) according to paragraph 32,
    wherein the distance corresponds to the thickness of the at least one outsole part.
34. 34. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of the preceding paragraphs,
    whose outsole part has a first material and the stabilization device has a second material which is different from the first material, the second material being harder (according to Shore) than the first material.
35. 35. composite shoe soles (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 34,
    wherein the barrier material (33) is in the form of a fiber composite.
36. 36. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 35,
    wherein the stabilization device (119) is formed in one piece and carries barrier material (33) that closes all openings (31).
37. 37. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 36,
    wherein the stabilization device (119) is constructed in several pieces, the pieces being assigned to at least one opening (31) and each carrying a piece of the barrier material (33) which closes the at least one opening (31).
38. 38. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 37,
    whose stabilizing device (25) is provided with at least one opening (135) which forms at least part of the opening (31) and is closed with barrier material (33).
39. 39. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 38,
    whose stabilization device (25) has a plurality of openings (135) which are closed as a whole with a piece of the barrier material (33).
40. 40. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 38,
    whose stabilizing device (25) has a plurality of openings (135), each of which is closed with a piece of the barrier material (33).
41. 41. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 40,
    whose stabilization device (25) is sole-shaped or partially sole-shaped.
42. 42. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 41,
    whose stabilizing device (25) has at least one stabilizing frame (147) which stabilizes at least the composite shoe sole (105).
43. 43. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 42,
    whose stabilizing frame (147) is fitted into the at least one opening (31) or at least one of the openings in the composite shoe sole (105).
44. 44. composite shoe soles (105) according to one of paragraphs 38 to 43,
    wherein the at least one opening (135) has an area of at least 1 cm ² .
45. 45. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 44,
    wherein the at least one opening (135) has an area of at least 5 cm ² .
46. 46. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 45,
    wherein the at least one opening (135) has an area of at least 20 cm ²
47. 47. composite shoe sole (105) according to paragraph 46, wherein the at least one opening (135) has an area of at least 40 cm ² .
48. 48. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 42 to 47,
    wherein the stabilizing frame (147) of the stabilizing device (119) has at least one stabilizing web (37) bridging the respectively assigned opening (31).
49. 49. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 48,
    whose stabilizing device (119) has a plurality of the stabilizing webs (37) which form a lattice-like structure on at least one surface of the barrier material.
50. 50. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 49,
    whose stabilizing device (119) is constructed with at least one thermoplastic.
51. 51. composite shoe soles (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 50,
    wherein the stabilizing device (119) and the barrier material (33) are at least partially connected to one another.
52. 52. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 51,
    wherein the stabilizing device (119) and the barrier material (33) are connected to one another by means of at least one connection technology selected from gluing, welding, injection molding, overmolding, vulcanizing and recuring.
53. 53. shoe sole composite (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 52,
    the barrier material (33) having a fiber composite with at least two fiber components which differ in terms of their melting temperature,
    wherein at least a portion of a first fiber component has a first melting temperature and an underlying first softening temperature range and at least a portion of a second fiber component has a second melting temperature and an underlying second softening temperature range and the first melting temperature and the first softening temperature range are higher than the second melting temperature and the second Softening temperature range are
    and wherein the fiber composite is thermally consolidated due to thermal activation of the second fiber component with an adhesive softening temperature lying in the second softening temperature range while maintaining water vapor permeability in the thermally consolidated region.
54. 54. Shoe sole composite (105) according to paragraph 53, wherein at least some of the fiber components of the fiber composite are thermally bonded to one another by at least partially softening the second fiber component.
55. 55. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 53 or 54,
    in whose fiber composite at least the second fiber component comprises at least a first fiber component and a second fiber component, the first fiber component having a higher melting temperature and a higher softening temperature range than the second fiber component.
56. 56. composite shoe soles (105) according to one of paragraphs 53 to 55,
    whose fiber composite is a textile fabric.
57. 57. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 56,
    whose fiber composite is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a knitted fabric, a fleece, a felt, a net or a scrim.
58. 58. composite shoe sole (105) according to paragraph 57,
    whose fiber composite is a mechanically consolidated fleece.
59. 59. composite shoe sole (105) according to paragraph 58,
    whose fiber composite is a needled fleece.
60. 60. Shoe sole composite (105) according to one of the paragraphs 53 to 59, wherein at least part of the second fiber component and optionally the second fiber portion of the second fiber component can be thermally activated at a temperature in the range between 80 ° C and 230 ° C.
61. 61. composite shoe soles (105) according to one of paragraphs 53 to 60,
    wherein the first fiber component and optionally the first fiber portion of the second fiber component are melt-resistant at a temperature of at least 130 ° C.
62. 62. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 61,
    wherein the first fiber component and optionally the first fiber portion of the second fiber component are melt-resistant at a temperature of at least 170 ° C.
63. 63. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 62,
    wherein the first fiber component and optionally the first fiber portion of the second fiber component are melt-resistant at a temperature of at least 250 ° C.
64. 64. composite shoe soles (105) according to one of paragraphs 53 to 63,
    the first fiber component and optionally the first fiber portion of the second fiber component being selected from the group of materials comprising natural fibers, plastic fibers, metal fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers and mixtures thereof.
65. 65. Shoe sole composite (105) according to one of paragraphs 53 to 64
    wherein the second fiber component and optionally the second fiber portion of the second fiber component are constructed with at least one plastic fiber.
66. 66. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 64 or 65,
    wherein at least one of the two fiber components and optionally at least one of the two fiber components of the second fiber component are selected is from the material group comprising polyolefins, polyamide, co-polyamide, viscose, polyurethane, polyacrylic, polybutylene terephthalate and mixtures thereof.
67. 67. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 63 or 65,
    wherein the first fiber component and optionally the first fiber portion of the second fiber component is selected from the material group polyester and copolyester.
68. 68. composite shoe sole (105) according to paragraph 64 or 65,
    wherein at least the second fiber component and optionally at least the second fiber portion of the second fiber component has at least one thermoplastic.
69. 69. composite shoe sole (105) according to paragraph 68,
    the second fiber component and optionally the second fiber component of the second fiber component being selected from the material group polyamide, copolyamide, polybutylene terephthalate and polyolefin.
70. 70th composite shoe sole (105) according to paragraphs 65 and 68,
    wherein the polyolefin is selected from polyethylene and polypropylene.
71. 71. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 69,
    wherein the second fiber component and optionally the second fiber component of the second fiber component is selected from the material group polyester and copolyester.
72. 72. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 71,
    wherein both fiber components of the second fiber component are made of polyester and the polyester of the second fiber component has a lower melting temperature with an underlying softening temperature range than the polyester of the first fiber component.
73. 73. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 53 to 72,
    wherein at least the second fiber component has a core-sheath structure and the second fiber portion forms the sheath.
74. 74. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 53 to 72,
    wherein at least the second fiber component has a side-by-side structure, one side of which is built up with the second fiber portion of the second fiber component.
75. 75. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 53 to 74,
    wherein the second fiber component has a percentage by weight based on the basis weight of the fiber composite in the range from 10% to 90%.
76. 76. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 75,
    wherein the second fiber component has a weight percentage based on the basis weight of the fiber composite in the range from 10% to 60%.
77. 77. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 76,
    wherein the second fiber component has a weight percentage based on the basis weight of the fiber composite of 50%.
78. 78. composite shoe sole (105) according to paragraph 76,
    wherein the second fiber component has a weight percentage based on the basis weight of the fiber composite of 20%.
79. 79. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 53 to 78,
    fiber materials are selected for the two fiber components and optionally the two fiber components of the second fiber component, the melting temperatures of which differ by at least 20 ° C.
80. 80. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 53 to 79,
    whose barrier material (33) is thermally solidified over at least part of its thickness.
81. 81. shoe sole composite (105) according to one of paragraphs 53 to 79,
    whose barrier material (33) is thermally solidified over at least part of its thickness and is pressed on at least one surface by means of pressure and temperature to make it smooth.
82. 82. composite shoe soles (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 81,
    whose barrier material is equipped with one or more agents the material group water repellants, dirt repellants, oil repellants, antibacterial agents, anti-odor agents and combinations thereof.
83. 83. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 82,
    whose barrier material (33) is water-repellent, dirt-repellent, oil-repellent, antibacterial and / or treated against odor.
84. 84. composite shoe soles (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 83,
    whose barrier material has a water vapor permeability of at least 4000 g / m ² • 24 h.
85. 85. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 84,
    whose barrier material (33) has a water vapor permeability of at least 7000 g / m ² • 24 h.
86. 86. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 85,
    whose barrier material (33) has a water vapor permeability of at least 10,000 g / m ² • 24 h.
87. 87. composite shoe soles (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 86,
    whose barrier material (33) has a thickness in the range of at least 1 mm to 5 mm.
88. 88. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 87,
    whose barrier material (33) has a thickness in the range of at least 1 mm to 2.5 mm.
89. 89. composite shoe soles (105) according to paragraph 88,
    whose barrier material (33) has a thickness in the range of at least 1 mm to 1.5 mm.
90. 90. composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 89, with a tread (153),
    wherein the barrier material (33) in the opening or in at least one of the openings (33a, 33b, 33c) is assigned at least one support element (151) which extends from the side facing the tread of the barrier material (33) extends to the level of the tread (153) in such a way that the barrier material (33) is supported on the floor being walked on by the support element (151).
91. 91. composite shoe sole (105) according to paragraph 90, wherein at least one of the stabilizing webs (37) is simultaneously designed as a support element (151).
92. 92. Footwear with a composite shoe sole (105) according to one of paragraphs 1 to 91,
    comprising a shaft (103) which is provided on a sole-side shaft end area (219) with a waterproof and water vapor-permeable shaft bottom functional layer (247), the shoe sole compound (105) being connected to the shaft end functional area provided with the shaft bottom functional layer (247) such that the shaft bottom functional layer (247) at least in the area of the at least one opening (31) is not connected to the barrier material (33).
93. 93. Footwear according to paragraph 92, in which the upper (103) is constructed with at least one upper material, the upper material having a waterproof upper functional layer (215) at least in the region of the upper end area (219) of the upper and between the upper functional layer (215) and the upper Shaft bottom functional layer (247) there is a waterproof seal.
94. 94. footwear according to paragraph 92 or 93,
    whose shaft bottom functional layer (247) is assigned to a water vapor permeable shaft mounting sole (233).
95. 95. footwear according to one of paragraphs 92 to 94,
    whose shaft bottom functional layer (247) is part of a multilayer laminate.
96. 96. Footwear according to paragraph 95,
    whose shaft mounting sole (233) is built up with the laminate.
97. 97. Footwear according to one of paragraphs 92 to 96,
    the shaft bottom functional layer (247) and optionally the shaft functional layer (215) has a waterproof, water vapor permeable membrane.
98. 98. Footwear according to paragraph 97,
    whose membrane (247) has stretched polytetrafluoroethylene.
99. 99. Footwear according to one of paragraphs 92 to 98, with a shoe bottom structure,
    which has the composite shoe sole (105) and the upper layer of the upper (247) of the upper, the shoe bottom structure having a water vapor transmission rate (MVTR) in the range from 0.4 g / h to 3 g / h.
100. 100. Footwear according to paragraph 99, the shoe bottom structure of which has a water vapor transmission rate (MVTR) in the range from 0.8 g / h to 1.5 g / h.
101. 101. Footwear according to paragraph 100, the shoe bottom structure of which has a water vapor transmission rate (MVTR) of 1 g / h.
102. 102.Method for the production of footwear with a water-vapor-permeable composite shoe sole (105) according to one of the paragraphs 1 to 91 and a shaft (103) which is provided on a sole-side shaft end region (219) with a waterproof and water-vapor-permeable shaft bottom functional layer (247), with the following Process steps:
     1. a) the composite shoe soles (105) and the upper (103) are provided;
     2. b) the shaft (103) is provided on the sole-side shaft end region (219) with a waterproof and water vapor-permeable shaft bottom functional layer (247);
     3. c) the composite shoe soles (105) and the sole end region (219) of the sole on the sole provided with the upper functional layer (247) are connected to one another in such a way that
     that the shaft bottom functional layer (247) remains unconnected to the barrier material (33) at least in the region of the at least one opening (31).
103. 103.Procedure under paragraph 102,
     in which the sole-side shaft end region (219) with the shaft bottom functional layer (247) is closed.
104. 104.Method according to paragraph 102 or 103, for the production of footwear, the upper (103) of which is provided with a functional layer (215),
     wherein a watertight connection is established between the shaft functional layer (215) and the shaft bottom functional layer (247).

Test methods thickness

The thickness of the barrier material according to the invention is tested according to DIN ISO 5084 (10/1996).

Puncture resistance

The puncture resistance of a textile fabric can be measured using a measurement method used by EMPA (Swiss Federal Materials Testing and Research Institute) using a test device from the Instron tensile testing machine (model 4465). A round piece of textile with a diameter of 13 cm is punched out using a punching iron and attached to a support plate in which there are 17 holes. A stamp, on which 17 thorn-like needles (sewing needle type 110/18) are attached, is lowered at a speed of 1000mm / min so far that the needles penetrate through the textile piece into the holes in the support plate. The force to pierce the textile piece is measured using a load cell (a force transducer). The result is determined from a number of samples of three samples.

Waterproof functional layer / barrier unit

A functional layer is regarded as "watertight", possibly including seams provided on the functional layer, if it guarantees a water inlet pressure of at least 1x10 ⁴ Pa. The functional layer material preferably ensures a water inlet pressure of over 1x10 ⁵ Pa. The water inlet pressure is to be measured according to a test procedure in which distilled water is applied at 20 ± 2 ° C to a sample of 100 cm2 of the functional layer with increasing pressure. The pressure rise of the water is 60 ± 3 cm Ws per minute. The water inlet pressure then corresponds to the pressure at which water first appears on the other side of the sample. Details of the procedure are given in the ISO standard 0811 from 1981.

Waterproof shoe

Whether a shoe is waterproof, for example, with a centrifuge arrangement in the US-A-5,329,807 described type can be tested.

Water vapor permeability of the barrier material

The water vapor permeability values of the barrier material according to the invention are tested using the so-called cup method according to DIN EN ISO 15496 (09/2004).

Water vapor permeability of the functional layer

A functional layer is considered to be "water vapor permeable" if it has a water vapor permeability number Ret of less than 150 m2 × Pa × W ^-1 . The water vapor permeability is tested according to the Hohenstein skin model. This test method is described in DIN EN 31092 (02/94) and ISO 11092 (1993).

Water vapor permeability of the shoe bottom structure according to the invention

In one embodiment of the footwear according to the invention with a shoe bottom structure which comprises the composite shoe sole and the shaft bottom functional layer located thereover or the shaft bottom functional layer laminate, the shoe bottom structure has a water vapor permeability (MVTR from Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate) in the range from 0.4 g / h to 3 g / h , which can range from 0.8 g / h to 1.5 g / h and, in a practical embodiment, is 1 g / h.

The degree of water vapor permeability of the shoe bottom structure can be compared with that in the document EP 0396716 B1 specified measurement method can be determined, which has been designed to measure the water vapor permeability of an entire shoe. The measurement method can be used to measure the water vapor permeability of only the base of a shoe EP 0 396 716 B1 can also be used by using the in Fig. 1 the EP 0 396 716 B1 shown measurement structure is measured in two successive measurement scenarios, namely once the shoe with a water vapor permeable shoe bottom structure and another time the otherwise identical shoe with a water vapor impermeable shoe bottom structure. From the difference between the two measured values the proportion of water vapor permeability can then be determined, which is due to the water vapor permeability of the water vapor permeable shoe bottom structure.

1. a) Konditionierung des Schuhs dadurch, dass dieser in einem klimatisierten Raum (23°C, 50% relative Luftfeuchtigkeit) für mindestens 12 Stunden belassen wird.
2. b) Entfernung der Einlegesohle (Fußbett)
3. c) Auskleidung des Schuhs mit an den Schuhinnenraum angepasstem wasserdichten, wasserdampfdurchlässigen Auskleidungsmaterial, welches im Bereich der Fußeinschlüpföffnung des Schuhs mit einem wasserdichten, wasserdampfundurchlässigen Dichtungsstopfen (beispielsweise aus Plexiglas und mit einer aufblasbaren Manschette) wasserdicht und wasserdampfdicht verschließbar ist.
4. d) Einfüllen von Wasser in das Auskleidungsmaterial und Verschließen der Fußeinschlüpföffnung des Schuhs mit dem Dichtungsstopfen
5. e) Vorkonditionierung des mit Wasser gefüllten Schuhs dadurch, dass dieser während einer vorbestimmten Zeitspanne (3 Stunden) ruhen gelassen wird, wobei die Temperatur des Wassers konstant auf 35°C gehalten wird. Das Klima des umgebenden Raums wird ebenfalls konstant gehalten bei 23 °C und 50% relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit. Der Schuh wird während des Tests frontal von einem Ventilator angeblasen mit im Mittel mindestens 2 m/s bis 3 m/s Windgeschwindigkeit (zur Zerstörung einer sich um den stehenden Schuh herum bildenden ruhenden Luftschicht, welche einen erheblichen Widerstand gegen den Wasserdampfdurchlass verursachen würde)
6. f) erneutes Wiegen des mit dem Dichtungsstopfen abgedichteten, mit Wasser gefüllten Schuhs nach der Vorkonditionierung (ergibt Gewicht m2 [g])
7. g) erneutes ruhen Lassen und eigentliche Testphase von 3 Stunden unter den gleichen Bedingungen wie bei Schritt e)
8. h) erneutes Wiegen des abgedichteten, mit Wasser gefüllten Schuhs (ergibt Gewicht m3 [g]) nach der Testphase von 3 Stunden
9. i) Bestimmung der Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit des Schuhs aus der während der Testzeit von 3 h durch den Schuh entwichenen Wasserdampfmenge (m2-m3) [g] gemäß der Beziehung M = (m2-m3) [g]/3[h]

For each measurement scenario, using the measurement method according to EP 0 396 716 B1 proceeded, namely with the following sequence of steps:

1. a) Conditioning the shoe by leaving it in an air-conditioned room (23 ° C, 50% relative humidity) for at least 12 hours.
2. b) Removing the insole (footbed)
3. c) Lining the shoe with waterproof, water-vapor-permeable lining material which is adapted to the interior of the shoe and which can be closed in the area of the foot insertion opening of the shoe with a waterproof, water-vapor-impermeable sealing plug (for example made of plexiglass and with an inflatable cuff) in a watertight and water-vapor-tight manner.
4. d) Pouring water into the lining material and sealing the foot insertion opening of the shoe with the sealing plug
5. e) preconditioning the shoe filled with water by allowing it to rest for a predetermined period of time (3 hours), the temperature of the water being kept constant at 35 ° C. The climate of the surrounding room is also kept constant at 23 ° C and 50% relative humidity. During the test, the shoe is blown from the front by a fan with an average wind speed of at least 2 m / s to 3 m / s (to destroy a layer of still air that forms around the standing shoe, which would cause considerable resistance to the water vapor passage)
6. f) Weighing again of the shoe sealed with the sealing plug and filled with water after the preconditioning (gives weight m2 [g])
7. g) Let it rest again and the actual test phase of 3 hours under the same conditions as in step e)
8. h) Weighing the sealed, water-filled shoe again (results in weight m3 [g]) after the test phase of 3 hours
9. i) Determination of the water vapor permeability of the shoe from the amount of water vapor released by the shoe during the test period of 3 h (m2-m3) [g] according to the relationship M = (m2-m3) [g] / 3 [h]

After both measurement scenarios have been carried out, in which the water vapor permeability values have been measured on the one hand for the entire shoe with a water vapor permeable shoe bottom structure (value A) and on the other hand for the entire shoe with water vapor permeable shaft bottom structure (value B), the water vapor permeability value for the water vapor permeable shoe bottom structure can be determined from the Determine the difference AB.

It is important, during the measurement of the water vapor permeability of the shoe with the water vapor permeable shoe bottom structure, to avoid the shoe or its sole standing directly on a closed surface. This can be achieved by lifting the shoe or by placing the shoe on a lattice structure, so that the ventilation air flow can flow along or better below the outsole.

It makes sense to carry out repeated measurements for a particular shoe for every test setup and to look at mean values from them in order to be able to better estimate the measurement spread. At least two measurements should be carried out for each shoe with the measurement setup. For all measurements, there should be a natural fluctuation in the measurement results of ± 0.2 g / h around the actual value, e.g. 1 g / h can be assumed. For this example, measurement values between 0.8 g / h and 1.2 g / h could be obtained for the identical shoe. Factors influencing these fluctuations could come, for example, from the person performing the test or from the sealing quality at the upper edge of the shaft. By communicating several individual measured values for the same shoe, a more exact picture of the actual value can be obtained.

All values for the water vapor permeability of the shoe bottom structure are based on a normally laced men's shoe size 43 (French size), whereby this size is not standardized and shoes from different manufacturers can be different.

1. 1. Messung von Schuhen mit wasserdampfdurchlässigem Schaft, aufweisend
   • 1.1 einen wasserdampfdurchlässigen Schuhbodenaufbau;
   • 1.2. einen wasserdampfundurchlässigen Schuhbodenaufbau;
2. 2. Messung von Schuhen mit wasserdampfundurchlässigem Schaft, aufweisend
   • 2.1 einen wasserdampfdurchlässigen Schuhbodenaufbau;
   • 2.2. einen wasserdampfundurchlässigen Schuhbodenaufbau.

There are basically two options for the measurement scenarios:

1. 1. Measurement of shoes with a water vapor permeable upper, showing
   • 1.1 a water vapor permeable shoe bottom structure;
   • 1.2. a water vapor impermeable shoe bottom structure;
2. 2. Measurement of shoes with water vapor impermeable upper, showing
   • 2.1 a water vapor permeable shoe bottom structure;
   • 2.2. a water vapor impermeable shoe bottom construction.

Elongation and tensile strength

An elongation and tear resistance test was carried out according to DIN EN ISO 13934-1 from 04/1999. 3 instead of 5 samples were taken in each direction. The distance between the jaws was 100 mm for all samples.

Abrasion

With regard to the abrasion resistance for the abrasion measurements to obtain the abrasion values in the comparison table, two measurement methods have been used. On the one hand, it was tested with a Martindale abrasion tester (in the "Abrasion Carbon" table), which was tested according to the standard DIN EN ISO 124947 -1; -2; (04/1999) the sample to be tested is scrubbed against sandpaper. There were three deviations from the standard: First, sandpaper with a grain size of 180 plus standard foam was clamped in the sample holder. Second, standard felt plus the test sample was clamped in the sample table. Third, the sample was inspected on all 700 tours and the sandpaper was replaced. On the other hand, the abrasion resistance of wet samples was tested (in the "Abrasion wet" table) according to DIN EN ISO 12947 -1; -2; -4; with the deviation from the norm that the sample table with standard felt and standard wool was saturated with distilled water every 12,800 tours.

In the abrasion tests, friction movements are carried out by Lissajous figures. With an appropriate choice of the ratio of the frequencies involved, Lissajous figures represent an overall picture that repeats periodically and is composed of individual figures that are offset relative to one another. The passage through one of these individual figures is referred to as a tour in connection with the abrasion test. For all materials 1 to 5, it was measured after how many tours first holes had occurred in the respective material, that is to say the respective material had been worn through. In the comparison table there are two trip values for each of the materials, which resulted from two abrasion tests with the same material.

hardness

Hardness test according to Shore A and Shore D (DIN 53505, ISO 7619-1, DIN EN ISO 868)

Principle:

Shore hardness is understood as the resistance to the penetration of a body of a certain shape under a defined spring force. The Shore hardness is the difference between the numerical value 100 and the penetration depth of the indenter divided by the scale value 0.025 mm in mm under the effect of the test force.

In the Shore A test, a truncated cone with an opening angle of 35 ° is used as the indenter, and in Shore D a cone with an opening angle of 30 ° and a tip radius of 0.1 mm is used. The indenters are made of polished, hardened steel.

Measurement equation:

$$F=550+75\mathit{HSA}$$

F = 445HSD
h in mm, F in mN $$\mathit{HS}=100-\frac{H}{0.025}$$

$$F=550+75\mathit{HSA}$$

F = 445 HSD
h in mm, F in mN

Scope of application:

Due to the different resolution of the two Shore hardness methods in different hardness ranges, materials with a Shore A hardness> 80 should be tested according to Shore D and materials with a Shore D hardness <30 according to Shore A. Hardness scale application Shore A Soft rubber, very soft plastics Shore D Hard rubber, soft thermoplastics

Definitions Barrier material:

Material that protects the shoe or the parts / materials in the shoe, such as the upper material, sole, membrane, mechanical protection and resistance to deformation as well as the penetration of external objects / foreign bodies / objects e.g. through the sole while maintaining a high water vapor transport, i.e. a high level of climate comfort in the shoe. The mechanical protection and resistance to deformation is mainly due to the low elongation of the barrier material.

Fiber composite:

The generic term for a composite of fibers of all kinds. This includes leather, nonwovens or knitted fabrics made of metal fibers, possibly also in a mixture with textile fibers, also yarns and textiles (fabrics) made from yarn.

The fiber composite must have at least two fiber components. These components can be fibers (e.g. staple fibers), filaments, fiber elements, yarns, strands and the like. act. Each fiber component either consists of one material or contains at least two different material components, whereby one fiber component softens / melts at a lower temperature than the other fiber component (Bico). Such bico fibers can have a core-sheath structure - here a core fiber portion is sheathed with a sheath fiber portion -, a side-by-side structure or an island-in-sea structure. Such processes and machines for this are available from Rieter Ingolstadt, Germany and / or Schalfhorst in Mönchengladbach, Germany.
The fibers can be simply spun, multifilamentary or several torn fibers with intertwined frayed ends.
The fiber components can be distributed evenly or unevenly in the fiber composite.

The entire fiber composite must preferably be temperature stable at at least 180 ° C.
A uniform and smooth surface on at least one side of the fiber composite is achieved by means of pressure and temperature. This smoothed surface points "down" to the ground / floor, so that particles / foreign bodies bounce better on the smooth surface or are rejected more easily.

The properties of the surface or the overall structure of the fiber composite or stabilizing material depend on the fibers selected, the temperature, the pressure and the period over which the fiber composite was subjected to temperature and pressure.

Fleece:

Here the fibers are placed on a conveyor belt and tangled.

Clutch:

A fishnet or sieve construction of the fibers. Please refer EP 1 294 656 by Dupont.

Felt:

Wool fibers that open and get caught by mechanical influences.

Tissue:

Sheets made with warp and weft threads.

Fabrics and knitted fabrics:

a fabric formed by mesh.

Melting temperature:

The melting temperature is the temperature at which the fiber component or the fiber portion becomes liquid. The melting temperature in the field of polymer or fiber structures is understood to be a narrow temperature range, in which the crystalline areas of the polymer or fiber structure melt and the polymer changes into the liquid state. It lies above the softening temperature range and is an essential parameter for partially crystalline polymers. Melted means the change in the state of matter of the fiber or parts of the fiber at a characteristic temperature from solid to viscous / flowable.

Softening temperature range:

The second fiber component or the second fiber portion only has to become soft / plastic, but not liquid. I.e. the softening temperature used is below the melting temperature at which the component / portion dissolves. The fiber component or parts thereof are preferably softened in such a way that the more temperature-stable component is embedded or bound in the softened parts.

The first softening temperature range of the first fiber component is higher than the second softening temperature range of the second fiber component or the second fiber component of the second fiber component. The lower limit of the first softening range can be below the upper limit of the second softening range.

Adhesive softening temperature:

Temperature at which the second fiber component or the second fiber component softens, at which the material has an adhesive effect, such that at least some of the fibers of the second fiber component are thermally bonded to one another by bonding to such an extent that the fiber composite is stabilized , which lies above the consolidation that is obtained in a fiber composite with the same materials for the two fiber components by a purely mechanical consolidation, for example by needling the fiber composite. The adhesive softening temperature can also be selected such that the fibers of the second fiber component are softened to such an extent that the fibers of the second fiber component are not only bonded to one another Rather, a partial or complete sheathing of individual points of the fibers of the first fiber composite with softened material of the fibers of the second fiber composite occurs, i.e. a partial or complete embedding of such points of fibers of the first fiber composite in the material of fibers of the second fiber component that a correspondingly increased Stabilization strengthening of the fiber composite occurs.

Temperature stability:

If the stabilization device is molded on, the barrier material must be temperature-stable for the injection. The same applies to injection molding (approx. 170 ° C - 180 ° C) or vulcanization of the shoe sole. If the stabilization device is to be injection molded, the barrier material must have a structure such that the stabilization device can at least penetrate into the structure of the barrier material or, if necessary, penetrate it.

Functional layer / membrane:

The shaft bottom functional layer and optionally the shaft functional layer can be formed by a waterproof, water vapor-permeable coating or by a waterproof, water vapor-permeable membrane, which can either be a microporous membrane or a membrane without pores. In one embodiment of the invention, the membrane comprises stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE).

Suitable materials for the waterproof, water vapor-permeable functional layer are in particular polyurethane, polypropylene and polyester, including polyether esters and their laminates, as described in the publications US-A-4,725,418 and US-A-4,493,870 are described. However, stretched microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) is particularly preferred, as described, for example, in the publications US-A-3,953,566 such as US-A-4,187,390 and stretched polytetrafluoroethylene, which is provided with hydrophilic impregnating agents and / or hydrophilic layers; see for example the publication US-A-4,194,041 . Under a microporous functional layer, a Functional layer understood, the average pore size is between about 0.2 microns and about 0.3 microns.
Pore size can be measured using the Coulter Porometer (trade name) manufactured by Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeath, Florida, USA.

Barrier unit:

The barrier unit is formed by the barrier material and optionally by the stabilization device in the form of at least one web and / or a frame. The barrier unit can be in the form of a prefabricated component.

Shoe sole compound:

The composite shoe sole consists of barrier material and at least one stabilizing device and at least one outsole and, if appropriate, further sole layers, the barrier material closing off the at least one opening which extends through the composite shoe sole thickness.

Breakthrough:

A breakthrough is the area of the composite shoe sole through which water vapor can be transported. The outsole and the stabilization device each have through-openings which form an overall opening through the total thickness of the composite shoe sole. The opening is thus formed by the intersection of the two through openings. Any webs that may be present are arranged within the peripheral edge of the respective opening and do not form a boundary of the opening.
The area of a breakthrough is determined minus the area of all webs crossing it, since this web surface blocks the water vapor transport and therefore does not represent a breakthrough area.

Stabilizing device:

The stabilization device acts as additional stabilization of the barrier material, is shaped and attached to the barrier material in such a way that the water vapor permeability of the barrier material is only slight, if at all is influenced. This is achieved in that only a small area of the barrier material is covered by the stabilization device. The stabilizing device is preferably directed downward toward the floor. In the first place, the stabilization device is not a protective function, but rather to serve as stabilization.

Opening the stabilization device:

The at least one opening of the stabilization device is limited by its at least one frame. The area of an opening is determined minus the area of all webs crossing it.

Shoe:

Footwear consisting of a composite shoe sole and a closed upper (shaft).

Shoe bottom:

The bottom of the shoe covers all layers below the foot.

Thermal activation:

Thermal activation takes place by applying energy to the fiber composite, which leads to an increase in the temperature of the material up to the softening temperature range.

Water-permeable shoe sole compound:

A composite shoe sole is tested according to the centrifuge arrangement in the US-A-5,329,807 described type. Before testing, it must be ensured that any existing shaft bottom functional layer is made water-permeable. A water-permeable composite shoe sole is assumed if this test is not passed. If necessary, the test is carried out with colored liquid in order to indicate the path of the liquid through the composite shoe soles.

Laminate:

Laminate is a composite consisting of a waterproof, water vapor-permeable functional layer with at least one textile layer. The at least one textile layer, also referred to as backing, serves primarily to protect the functional layer during its processing. One speaks here of a 2-layer laminate. A 3-layer laminate consists of a waterproof, water vapor-permeable functional layer, which is embedded between two textile layers, whereby a punctiform adhesive can be applied between these layers.

Waterproof functional layer / barrier unit:

A functional layer is regarded as "watertight", possibly including seams provided on the functional layer, if it guarantees a water inlet pressure of at least 1x10 ⁴ Pa.

Top of the shoe sole assembly:

The top of the composite shoe sole is to be understood as the surface of the composite shoe sole which lies opposite the bottom of the upper.

Outsole:

The outsole is to be understood as the part of the composite shoe sole that touches the bottom / lower degree or makes the main contact with the floor / bottom.

Reference symbol list

• 1 fiber composite
• 2 first fiber component
• 3 second fiber component
• 4 core
• 5 coat
• 6 connection
• 21 composite shoe soles
• 23 outsole
• 25 shoe stabilization device
• 27 Open outsole
• 29 Opening of the shoe stabilization device
• 31 breakthrough
• 33 barrier material
  • 33a barrier material
  • 33b barrier material
  • 33c barrier material
  • 33d barrier material
• 35 barrier unit
• 37 stabilization bar
  • 37a single bridge
  • 37b single bridge
  • 37c single bridge
  • 37d stabilizing grid
• 39 adhesive
• 43 circular area
• 101 shoe
• 103 shaft
• 105 composite shoe soles
• 107 forefoot area
• 109 midfoot area
• 111 heel area
• 113 foot slip opening
• 115 shaft bottom
• 117 multi-part outsole
  • 117a multi-part outsole heel area
  • 117b multi-part outsole ball area
  • 117c multi-piece outsole toe area
• 119 stabilizing device
  • 119a heel area
  • 119b midfoot area
  • 119c forefoot area
• 121 cushioning sole part
  • 121a cushioning heel part
  • 121b midfoot cushioning section
• Open outsole openings
  • 123a heel area
  • 123b midfoot area
  • 123c forefoot area
• 125 Through opening in the heel area 119a of the stabilizing device openings of the cushioning sole part
  • 127a heel area
  • 127b midfoot area
  • 127c forefoot area
• Boundary edge of the shoe stabilization device
  • 129a midfoot area
  • 129b forefoot area
  • 129c forefoot area
• 131 tabs
• 133 wells
• Openings stabilizer
  • 135a midfoot area
  • 135b forefoot area
  • 135c forefoot area
  • 135d forefoot area
• Stabilizing grid
  • 137a midfoot area
  • 137b forefoot area
  • 137c forefoot area
  • 137d forefoot area
• 139 connecting element
• 141 side wings
• 143 wing parts stabilizing device
• 145 stabilizing rib
• 147 Frame of the stabilization device
• 150 edition lead
• 151 support element
• 153 tread
• 211 Upper material layer
• 213 feed layer
• 214 textile layer
• 215 layer functional layer
• 216 shaft functional layer laminate
• 217 Upper shaft end
• 219 sole end area on the sole
• 221 shaft bottom
• 233 shaft mounting sole
• 235 strobe seam
• 237 shaft bottom functional layer laminate
• 238 End of the upper material layer on the sole side
• 239 End of the layer of the functional layer on the sole side
• 241 seam tape
• 243 first seam
• 244 textile layer
• 245 circumferential area
• 246 textile side
• 247 membrane
• 248 sealing material
• 249 lasting adhesive
• 250 fastening adhesive
• 260 sole spray material

COMPARISON TABLE Material type Sole split leather Fleece only consolidated with needles Fleece only consolidated with needles Nonwoven needle bonded and thermally bonded Fleece needle-bonded, thermally bonded; thermal Oberflächenverpressung 3.3 N / ^cm2 / 230 ° C / 10 s Material number Material 1 Material 2 Material 3 Material 4 Material 5 material 100% leather 100% PES 100% PES PES + Bico-PES total 100% PES PES + Bico-PES total 100% PES Basis weight [g / m ² ] 2,383 206 125 398 397 Thickness [mm] 3.36 2.96 2.35 1.71 1.46 MVTR [g / m ² 24h] (1) 3,323 8,086 9,568 9,459 9,881 Elongation at 50 N [%] 1 34 55 0 0 Elongation at 100 N [%] 2nd 48 79 1 0 Elongation at 150 N [%] 2nd 59 104 1 0 Longitudinal tear force [N] 3,106 324 152 641 821 Elongation at break [%] 40 94 107 26 27th Transverse elongation at 50 N [%] 0 32 46 0 0 Transverse elongation at 100 N [%] 1 43 63 1 0 Transverse elongation at 150 N [%] 1 52 75 1 0 Shear force [N] 4,841 410 252 884 742 Elongation at break [%] 43 92 99 35 32 Puncture resistance [N] 857 5 6 317 291 Abrasion wet [tours] (2) 25,600 / 30,100 20,600 / 20,600 20,700 / 16,500 70,200 / 70,200 614,000 / 704,000 Abrasion Carbon [Touring] (2) approximately 35,000 1,570 / 1,600 452/452 7,700 / 7,700 14,000 / 15,400 (1) DIN EN ISO 15496 (09/2004)
(2) DIN EN ISO 12947-1; -2 (04/1999)

Claims (13)

1. Footwear, comprising:

   a water-vapor-permeable composite shoe sole (105) with an upper side (50), said water-vapor-permeable composite shoe sole comprising:

   at least one through hole (31) extending through the thickness of the composite shoe sole;

   a barrier unit (35) with an upper side forming at least partially the upper side (50) of the composite shoe sole (105) and with a water-vapor-permeable barrier material (33) designed as a barrier against penetration of foreign objects, by means of which the at least one through hole (31) is closed in a water-vapor-permeable manner;

   a stabilisation device (25) assigned to the barrier material (33) and designed for mechanical stabilisation of the composite shoe sole (105), which is constructed with at least one stabilisation bar (37) which is arranged at least on one surface of the barrier material (33) and at least partially bridges the at least one through hole (31); and

   at least one outsole part (117) arranged beneath the barrier unit (35);

   and

   a shaft (103),

   wherein said shaft (103), on a shaft end area (219) on the sole side, is provided with a waterproof and water-vapor-permeable shaft-bottom functional layer (247),

   wherein the shaft (103) is constructed with at least one shaft material, said shaft material having a waterproof shaft functional layer (215) at least in the area of the shaft end area (219) on the sole side, and a waterproof seal being provided between the shaft functional layer (215) and the shaft-bottom functional layer (247), and

   wherein the composite shoe sole (105) is joined to the shaft end area provided with the shaft-bottom functional layer (247) in such a way that the shaft-bottom functional layer (247) is fully or largely unbonded to the barrier material (33) at least in the area of the at least one through hole (31).
2. The footwear according to claim 1,
   wherein the shaft bottom (221) thereof, in addition to the shaft-bottom functional layer (242), comprises a water-vapor-permeable shaft mounting sole (233), said shaft mounting sole (233) being joined in particular to the shaft end area (219) on the sole side via a Strobel seam (235).
3. The footwear according to claim 2,
   wherein the shaft-bottom functional layer (247) is arranged beneath the shaft mounting sole (233) and in a peripheral area (245) thereof extends beyond the periphery of the shaft mounting sole (233) as far as into the shaft end area (219) on the sole side.
4. The footwear according to claim 3,
   wherein in the peripheral area (245), in which the shaft-bottom functional layer (247) extends beyond the periphery of the shaft mounting sole (233), there is provided a sealing material (248) between an end (239) of the shaft functional layer (215) on the sole side and the shaft-bottom functional layer (247), by means of which a waterproof connection is produced between the end (239) of the shaft functional layer (215) on the sole side and the shaft-bottom functional layer (247).
5. The footwear according to any of claims 2 to 4,
   whose shaft-bottom functional layer (247) is part of a multi-layer laminate (237).
6. The footwear according to claim 1,
   whose shaft-bottom functional layer (247) is part of a multi-layer laminate (237).
7. The footwear according to claim 6,
   whose shaft mounting sole (233) is constructed with said laminate (237).
8. The footwear according to claim 7,
   wherein the shaft-bottom functional layer laminate (237) is joined to the end of the shaft functional layer (215) on the sole side via a Strobel seam and, in the area of the Strobel seam (235), a sealing material (248) is applied in such a way that a waterproof connection is produced between the end (239) of the shaft functional layer (215) on the sole side and the peripheral area of the shaft-bottom functional layer (247) including the Strobel seam (235).
9. The footwear according to claim 8,
   wherein in the shaft end area (219) on the sole side, the outer material layer (211) is shorter than the shaft functional layer (215), such that a projecting length of the shaft functional layer (215) is created there with respect to the outer material layer (211), wherein furthermore between the end (238) of the outer material layer (211) on the sole side and the end (239) of the shaft functional layer (215) on the sole side, there is arranged a mesh band (241) or another material that can be penetrated by sealant, the long side of which, facing away from the Strobel seam (235), is joined by means of a first seam (243) to the end (238) of the outer material layer (211) on the sole side, but not to the shaft functional layer (215), and the long side of which, facing the Strobel seam (235), is joined to the shaft-bottom functional layer laminate (237) by means of the Strobel seam (235), and wherein the composite shoe sole (105) is molded onto the shaft bottom (211) with sole-molding material (260) such that sole-molding material penetrates the mesh band (241) and produces the waterproof connection between the end (239) of the shaft functional layer (215) on the sole side and the peripheral area of the shaft-bottom functional layer (247) including the Strobel seam (235).
10. The footwear according to any of claims 7 to 9,
    wherein the shaft-bottom functional layer laminate (247) is arranged immediately above the opposite upper side of the barrier unit (35).
11. The footwear according to any of the preceding claims,
    comprising a shoe-bottom structure that includes the composite shoe sole (105) and the shaft-bottom functional layer (247) situated above it, the shoe-bottom structure having a water-vapor transmission rate (MVTR) in the range from 0.4 g/h to 3 g/h, in particular in the range from 0.8 g/h to 1.5 g/h.
12. The footwear according to any of the preceding claims,
    wherein the barrier material (33) is joined to the shaft bottom (221) by means of adhesive (39) applied to the upper side thereof, such that the shaft bottom (221) is not bonded to the barrier material (33) at all locations where no material of the at least one stabilisation bar is situated on the bottom side of the barrier material (37).
13. A method for producing footwear according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a water-vapor-permeable composite shoe sole (105) and a shaft (103) which is provided on a shaft end area (219) on the sole side with a waterproof and water-vapor-permeable shaft-bottom functional layer (247) and which is constructed with at least one shaft material comprising a waterproof shaft functional layer (215) at least in the area of the shaft end area (219) on the sole side, said method comprising the following steps:

    a) the composite shoe sole (105) and shaft (103) are prepared;

    b) the shaft (103) is provided on the shaft end area (219) on the sole side with a waterproof and water-vapor-permeable shaft-bottom functional layer (247) and with a shaft functional layer (215), with a waterproof connection being produced between the shaft functional layer (215) and the shaft-bottom functional layer (247);

    c) the composite shoe sole (105) and the shaft end area (219) on the sole side provided with the shaft-bottom functional layer (247) are joined to each other in such a way that the shaft-bottom functional layer (247) remains fully or largely unbonded to the barrier material (33) at least in the area of the at least one through hole (31).

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