EP2997247A1 - Système de vaporisation de gaz naturel liquéfié (gnl) - Google Patents

Système de vaporisation de gaz naturel liquéfié (gnl)

Info

Publication number
EP2997247A1
EP2997247A1 EP14714684.9A EP14714684A EP2997247A1 EP 2997247 A1 EP2997247 A1 EP 2997247A1 EP 14714684 A EP14714684 A EP 14714684A EP 2997247 A1 EP2997247 A1 EP 2997247A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
engine
heat
lng
vehicle
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14714684.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Huber
Simon Weissenmayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2997247A1 publication Critical patent/EP2997247A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/22—Liquid cooling characterised by evaporation and condensation of coolant in closed cycles; characterised by the coolant reaching higher temperatures than normal atmospheric boiling-point
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/06—Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0323—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid in a closed loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0327—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating with recovery of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/046—Enhancing energy recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/07—Generating electrical power as side effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • LNG Liquefied natural gas
  • the present invention relates to a system for liquefied natural gas (LNG) evaporation in a vehicle having a natural gas powered engine.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • An exhaust heat engine may be used to recover a portion of the heat energy of the exhaust of a vehicle and thereby increase the efficiency of the engine, especially trucks. With this exhaust heat engine can be saved about 5% fuel.
  • Natural gas vehicle Natural gas vehicle
  • natural gas vehicle natural gas vehicle or English “Natural Gas Vehicle” (NGV) or "CNG Vehicle”
  • NVG Natural Gas Vehicle
  • CNG Compressed Natural Gas
  • a treated natural gas and air mixture is burnt.
  • the natural gas (CNG) is compressed to about 200 bar and stored.
  • a combustion engine is a conventional gasoline engine (gasoline engine).
  • gasoline engine gasoline engine
  • DING engine Direct Injection Natural Gas
  • Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is increasingly being used as a fuel for trucks, especially in the US and Asia.
  • Natural gas is in liquefied form and is vaporized during removal from the vehicle tank.
  • the evaporator is heated with coolant liquid from the engine's cooling circuit.
  • Natural gas whose main component is methane, can be burned very clean. Compared to gasoline vehicles, less carbon dioxide, less carbon monoxide and less hydrocarbons are produced. In comparison to diesel vehicles, less carbon monoxide, less hydrocarbons, less nitrogen oxides and almost no soot particles are produced.
  • Natural gas for driving motor vehicles can also be obtained very easily from biogas by treatment. Bio natural gas and fossil natural gas can then be mixed. Bio natural gas can be obtained, for example, from spoiled food or other biological waste. Regenerative energy production with natural gas is therefore not directly in competition with food production (problematic of other biofuels). Natural gas is one of the few regenerative energy sources that can be stored for a long time (over several months) and will thus play an increasingly important role in vehicle propulsion in the future.
  • the energy lost from the warming of LNG should be at least partially recovered in order to improve the energy balance of a natural gas vehicle.
  • the invention proposes a system for vaporizing liquefied natural gas (hereinafter "LNG”) in a vehicle having a natural gas-powered engine according to claim 1.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the inventive system comprises an evaporator for LNG and a heat engine, in particular exhaust heat engine for recovering heat energy of exhaust gas of the vehicle.
  • the evaporator for LNG is now coupled to the heat engine, wherein the heat engine has a condenser for condensing a refrigerant and this condenser is in operative connection with the evaporator for LNG for heat exchange.
  • the line of the refrigerant can be led around or else through the evaporator for LNG or the line for LNG can be led around or through the condenser or both lines can be guided along one another in a heat-exchanging manner.
  • the heat exchange can take place via a further medium.
  • the heat engine can ideally be described as a Carnot process in which the exhaust gas supplies a first amount of heat to the refrigerant of the heat engine, this heat exchange takes place via an evaporator, which evaporates the refrigerant. At high temperature and high pressure, the steam is used to operate an expansion machine. This creates electrical and / or mechanical energy. In this way, a part of the heat energy of the exhaust gas can be recovered.
  • the refrigerant is then fed to a condenser where it is condensed, whereupon it is returned to the evaporator by means of a pump.
  • the Evaporator, and Tu is the lower temperature, that is, the temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser represents. It can be seen from the formula that the efficiency can be increased when the lower temperature Tu is lowered. This achieves the invention. Due to the thermal coupling of the capacitor with the Evaporator for LNG, a lowering of the lower temperature Tu can be achieved. Thus, the heat engine can be operated more effectively. In addition, according to the invention, part of the energy used for liquefying the natural gas can be recovered. The overall efficiency of the system according to the invention is thus higher than that of the exhaust gas
  • the system according to the invention is particularly suitable for natural gas-powered motor vehicles, in particular for trucks (trucks). Namely, it is preferable to use the evaporative refrigeration to keep the LNG in the liquid state. This is particularly successful in the operation of vehicles without long interruptions, as is the case for example with trucks.
  • a first and a second stage of the heat exchange can be realized, in principle, either one of the two stages can be used in the operation of the system and thus the vehicle or one of the two stages of each other stage can be upstream.
  • Condenser and the said (engine) coolant circuit on the other hand designed such that the refrigerant of the heat engine is in a first stage with the (engine) cooling circuit and in a second stage with the evaporator for LNG for heat exchange in operative connection.
  • the first stage preceded by the second stage, wherein both stages are passed through.
  • the refrigerant is cooled in two stages in order to use the cold energy of LNG more targeted.
  • the refrigerant is cooled and partially condensed with the cooling water of the (engine) cooling circuit as much as possible.
  • the refrigerant in the LNG evaporator is then completely condensed.
  • the heat engine has a bypass line which directs the refrigerant of the heat engine past the first stage.
  • the cooling water in the (engine) cooling circuit is still cold (ambient temperature)
  • a control unit may preferably be provided, which controls the corresponding valves such that the refrigerant of the heat engine is passed through the bypass line, as long as the temperature in the (engine) cooling circuit falls below a predetermined temperature (for example, operating temperature).
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a system according to the invention for the evaporation of liquefied natural gas (LNG).
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the heat engine is designated 3.
  • the refrigerant of the heat engine 3 ideally undergoes a Carnot process, with the efficiency specified in the description.
  • the refrigerant is evaporated, the steam is operated by an expansion machine 7, and then the refrigerant is condensed, to then be pumped back to the evaporator.
  • an evaporator 9 of the exhaust gas recirculation and an evaporator 10 of the exhaust system is provided via the waste heat is supplied to the refrigerant (indicated by the two arrows), which is evaporated and, for example, with 300 ° C and 50 bar of the expansion machine 7 is supplied.
  • the expansion machine 7, in particular a piston engine or a turbine generates mechanical and / or electrical energy.
  • a bypass line 8 with a valve part of the steam can be performed on the expansion machine 7 over. This is particularly advantageous when the expansion machine during warm-up before
  • a fluid pump 12 Via a fluid pump 12, it again enters the evaporators 9 and 10, wherein the proportions of the refrigerant for these evaporators can be adjusted via a distributor valve 1 1 (flow control valve).
  • a distributor valve 1 1 flow control valve
  • the condenser 4 can enter into heat exchange with the coolant circuit 5 of the engine in a first part.
  • a second part of the condenser 4 which is arranged downstream of the first part of the condenser 4 in the conveying direction of the refrigerant, can heat exchange with the evaporator 2 for LNG (indicated by the arrow).
  • the evaporator 2 for LNG vaporizes liquefied natural gas from an LNG tank, thus producing compressed natural gas (CNG).
  • CNG compressed natural gas
  • a further heat exchanger (not shown) may be connected upstream for the air conditioning of the vehicle.
  • the refrigerant is the
  • Heat engine 3 via the coolant (cooling water) of the engine cooling circuit 5 as far as possible in the first stage cooled.
  • the refrigerant is then condensed by heat exchange with the LNG evaporator 2.
  • this two-stage heat exchange may be useful in refrigerants that are not sufficiently cooled when passing through the second stage alone to condense.
  • FIG. 1 also shows a bypass line 6 with a valve, which supplies the refrigerant directly to the second stage at the first stage.
  • a control unit 15 controls for this purpose the valve of the bypass line 6 (and possibly other valves, which are not shown here) to.
  • the bypass line 6 is opened by the control unit 15 in particular when the vehicle is in warm-up. In this case, it is expedient if the refrigerant of the heat engine 3 is equal to the heat exchange with the LNG evaporator 2 is available to evaporate the LNG without having to give off heat to the coolant circuit 5 before.
  • the control unit 15 may for example measure the temperature of the coolant in the engine cooling circuit 5 and close the bypass line 6 only when the temperature in the coolant circuit exceeds a predetermined temperature, which is sufficient for reliable and complete vaporization of the LNGs.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant here depends on the mass flows of the refrigerant and the LNG to be evaporated, as well as their Heat capacities from. The heat of vaporization of the LNG, the heat capacity of the heat exchanger and the heat flow into and out of the environment also influence the temperature. The appropriate temperature can be easily determined by a trial on the prototype.
  • the system according to the invention improves the efficiency of the heat engine 3, can recover part of the energy used for liquefying the natural gas and at the same time recover exhaust heat via the expansion engine 7 in part.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système (1) de vaporisation de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL) dans un véhicule équipé d'un moteur fonctionnant au gaz naturel. Le système (1) comprend un évaporateur (2) du GNL, et une machine thermique (3) servant à récupérer l'énergie thermique issue des gaz d'échappement du véhicule. La machine thermique (3) comporte un condenseur (4) condensant un fluide de refroidissement, ledit condenseur (4) se trouvant en liaison fonctionnelle avec l'évaporateur (2) de GNL pour l'échange de chaleur.
EP14714684.9A 2013-05-13 2014-03-31 Système de vaporisation de gaz naturel liquéfié (gnl) Withdrawn EP2997247A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013208701.2A DE102013208701A1 (de) 2013-05-13 2013-05-13 System zur Verdampfung von verflüssigtem Erdgas (LNG)
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CN105190003A (zh) 2015-12-23
RU2015153247A (ru) 2017-06-19
DE102013208701A1 (de) 2014-11-13
US20160090873A1 (en) 2016-03-31
WO2014183915A1 (fr) 2014-11-20
RU2015153247A3 (fr) 2018-03-06

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