Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
  • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
  • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
  • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
  • H02M3/285—Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
  • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
  • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
  • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
  • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
  • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
  • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
  • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
  • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
  • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
  • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
  • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
  • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
  • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
  • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
  • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
  • H02M3/33571—Half-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
  • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
  • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
  • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
  • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
  • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
  • H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
  • H02M3/3376—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
  • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
  • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
  • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
  • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
  • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
  • H02M3/338—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
  • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling a resonant dc-to-dc multi-phase converter for supplying power equipment from a DC power source to a plurality of storers of a motor vehicle,
• the invention also relates to the corresponding multiphase converter, as well as an ac / dc converter comprising a multiphase DC / DC converter provided with such a control device. BACKGROUND ART OF THE INVENTION.
• DC-DC resonant converters for converting one voltage level to another are frequently used in high power density, high efficiency dc / dc conversion systems.
• two MOSFET power field effect transistors 4, 5 are connected to a DC source 6 forming a half-bridge with a first so-called “high-side” transistor 4 connected to the potential terminal of the source 6 and a second transistor called “low-side” 5 connected to ground.
• the resonant circuit 7 comprises in series the capacitor 3 and a first inductor 1 determining the resonance, and a second inductor 2 of a transformer 8. At the output are two rectifying diodes 9 and a filtering capacitor 10 supplying a direct current. load resistance 1 1.
• the two power MOSFETs 4, 5 are switched in a complementary manner with a duty ratio close to 50%, leaving a time constant death to avoid a phenomenon of simultaneous conduction.
• This known LLC converter operates in a zero-voltage switching mode of all semiconductors 4,5, in a wide range of loads, with improved EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) performance and limited switching frequency.
• the current flowing in the primary of the transformer 8 can be reduced, and the current constraints imposed on the MOSFET transistors 4, 5 are decreased and distributed between the different power units.
• a well known control method of the transistors 4, 5 of the half-bridges of the elementary converters of the multiphase converter consists of operating the n phases (n greater than or equal to 2) to a common switching frequency, with a phase shift ⁇ of T / n (period by number of units) between two adjacent elementary converters to obtain an output current with less impulsive transients.
• a difference of 5% between the first inductor l_m of the first inductor 1 and another can introduce a current imbalance of up to 90%.
• European Patent Application EP2299580 provides a method and apparatus for controlling a resonant DC-DC multiphase converter to solve the problem of unbalancing currents in LLC type elementary converters without expensive selection and pairing of components.
• the method consists in particular in measuring the supply currents of the elementary converters (three being represented) by means of shunts 12 and in controlling the phase shifts ⁇ - ⁇ -2, ⁇ 2- 3 between the signals of commands, of the same common frequency, MOSFET transistors 4, 5 half bridges so as to achieve the balancing of these supply currents.
• the subject of the invention is precisely a method for controlling a resonant DC-DC multiphase converter comprising a plurality of identical resonant DC-CC elementary converters connected in parallel.
• This method is of the type consisting of measuring each of the feed currents of the elementary converters to achieve a balancing of the supply currents.
• the method according to the invention is remarkable in that it also consists in controlling switching frequencies of the elementary converters as a function of the supply currents so as to achieve this balancing,
• this method of controlling a resonant DC-DC multiphase converter further comprises slaving the supply currents to a common reference current determined according to a difference between an output voltage of the multiphase converter and a nominal voltage.
• the supply currents are preferably determined by measuring potential differences across shunts inserted in series into supply circuits of the elementary converters.
• the switching frequencies advantageously result from a voltage-frequency conversion.
• the invention also relates to a device for controlling a resonant DC-DC multiphase converter comprising a plurality of identical resonant DC-CC elementary converters connected in parallel.
• This control device is of the type comprising intensity measuring means for each of the feed currents of the elementary converters in order to achieve a balancing of the supply currents and suitable for implementing the method described above.
• the control device according to the invention is remarkable in that it furthermore comprises frequency generators generating switching frequencies of the elementary converters as a function of these supply currents.
• control device advantageously comprises:
• a comparator between an output voltage of the multiphase converter and a nominal voltage; a regulation loop that controls the supply currents at a common reference intensity.
• the intensity measuring means comprise:
• a resonant DC-DC multi-phase converter having a plurality of identical resonant CC-CC elementary converters connected in parallel, and comprising the control device described above is also provided by the invention.
• the elementary converters are advantageously of LLC type each comprising two inductances and a capacitor.
• the switching means of each of the elementary converters consist of half-bridge connected switching elements.
• the invention is further directed to a resonant AC-DC multiphase converter, which is advantageously an input AC-DC converter coupled to a resonant DC-DC multiphase converter having the above specifications. exit.
• Figure 1 shows schematically a multiphase DC-DC resonance converter and its control device known from the state of the art.
• Figure 2 is a block diagram of a control device of a multi-phase DC-DC resonance converter according to the invention.
• Figure 3 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of a multi-phase DC-DC resonance converter and its control device according to the invention.
• Figure 4 schematically shows a multiphase AC converter.
• the feed streams I m , l R2,. . . Rn of the elementary converters of the multi-phase DC-DC resonance converter (n-phase) according to the invention are detected by their respective shunts 1 2 and converted into 13 potential differences V R i, V R2 , ... V Rn .
• V R , V R 2, ... V Rn are filtered by low-pass filters 14, having a high gain in the band of the switching frequencies Fi, F 2 , ... F n of the elementary converters, for eliminate the noise provided by the switching elements 4, 5.
• These filters 14 normally include a common-mode low-pass filter for common-mode noise filtering and a differential-mode low-pass filter for differential-mode noise filtering.
• the order of the filters 14, determining the slope of the frequency response, does not matter.
• the filtered signals are amplified to levels 14 l m i, l m 2, - - - lmn adapted to the current regulating loops of the individual converters.
• the output voltage V 0 of the multiphase converter is compared with a nominal voltage V ref and an error signal e v results therefrom .
• a voltage divider bridge is advantageously added for the measurement of the output voltage V 0 , as a function of the level of the output voltage V 0 of the multiphase converter.
• the nominal voltage V ref is provided either by an external voltage reference constant or variable, either by an internal source, such as for example a TL431 type circuit.
• a regulation 1 6 implemented by the method according to the invention is of any type, such as PI, PI D, etc.
• the electrical isolation stage 1 7 can be placed anywhere in the voltage regulation loop, before regulation 1 6 or after a limiter stage 1 8.
• the limiter stage 1 8 is intended to eliminate the outlying values of an intensity l ref , in order to avoid the risk of an overload and to improve the robustness of the multiphase converter.
• control of the current level of each elementary converter is also interesting, or even mandatory, when the multiphase converter is located between two voltage sources of an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle (high voltage battery and low voltage battery).
• a bandwidth of this voltage regulation loop is advantageously of the order of a few KHz.
• the reference intensity Iref is common to all the current control loops which regulate the supply currents 1 R , 1 R2 , ... IR P -
• the feed streams I R , I R2 , ... IR P being the same, because the source 6 is the same, the powers consumed are the same for all the elementary converters regardless of the tolerances on the electronic components.
• ⁇ , ei2, .ein corresponding to a regulated intensity l reg 1 9 resulting from a comparison 20 between the reference intensity l ref and the supply currents l R , l R 2 ,. . . Rn are converted into switching frequencies Fi, F 2 , ... F n by a voltage-frequency conversion 21 to drive the elementary converters. Since the error voltages at, ei 2 , ... i n are not identical if the circuits have dissymmetries, the elementary converters operate at different switching frequencies F 1 , F 2 , ... F n .
• the drivers 21 of the switching elements 4, 5 of the half-bridges of the elementary converters generate complementary square signals having a duty ratio close to 50%, with a constant dead time. to avoid the phenomenon of overlap, in a manner known per se.
• control device of a multiphase converter described above has many advantages, including:
• Figure 3 is shown schematically an n-phase converter according to the invention.
• the resonant DC-DC elementary converters comprise LLC type cells 22, their inputs being connected in parallel on the same source 6, and their outputs being also connected in parallel, with a filter capacitor 10 and a load resistor 1 1 common.
• the resistors R 1, F 2, - - - R n of the shunts 12 constituting the current sensors may vary between a few m ⁇ and a few hundred m ⁇ depending on the supply currents I Ri; l R2, - - - l Rn and the level of the measurement voltages VR-I, VR2,. . . V Rn required.
• the shunts 1 2 are inserted in series on the ground side in the supply circuits of the elementary converters, so that the measurement voltages V R i, V R2 , ... V Rn are not floating.
• Each elementary converter comprises a half bridge composed of two MOSFET switching elements 4,5.
• MOSFETs 4, 5 are replaced by switching elements of BJT type (acronym for "Bipolar Junction Transistor” in English terminology, ie “Bipolar Junction Transistor”) or IGBT (acronym for "Insulated Bipolar Transistor Trigger ", ie” Bipolar Isolated Gate Transistor ").
• Each LLC cell 22 comprises in series a first inductor 1 (resonant inductance) having a first inductor L m , L R2 , ... L Rn , a capacitor 3 (resonant capacitor) having a capacitance Cm, C R2 , ... C Rn , and a second inductor 2 (magnetising or primary inductance) having a second self L M i, L M 2, ⁇ L Mn -
• the resonant capacitor 3 is advantageously divided into two capacitive elements of less than half value connected in series and connected in parallel to the half bridge 4, 5, the midpoint being connected to the transformer 8.
• the first inductor 1 is shown as a separate component; alternatively, it is completely integrated with the transformer 8 and it is considered that it has a self-leakage.
• the second inductor 2 is also shown as another separate component; alternatively, it is also completely integrated into the transformer 8.
• the capacitors Cm, C R2 , ... C Rn , the first inductors L R , L R2 , ... L Rn , and the second inductors LM-I, L M2 , ... L Mn of these electronic components of the DC-DC resonance multi-phase converter do not need to be matched.
• the diodes 9 are advantageously Schottky type diodes to reduce power losses.
• the synchronous rectifiers in question comprise semiconductor switches connected in parallel to the diodes 9, such that these switches are on when the diodes 9 are forward biased.
• all the elementary converters of the multiphase converter according to the invention are controlled by a control module 23 which generates the switching frequencies F ; F 2 , ... F n of the drivers 21 of the switching elements 4, 5 as a function of the measurement voltages Vm, V R2 , ... V Rn and of the output voltage V 0 according to the block diagram of FIG. 2.
• Figure 4 shows another example of a multiphase converter in which one will benefit from the implementation of the method and the control device according to the invention.
• AC-DC multiphase AC-DC converter
• an AC-DC converter 24 input adapted to be connected to an AC voltage source 25;
• a multi-phase resonant DC-DC converter comprising a plurality of resonant elementary converters 27 connected in parallel input to the output of the AC-DC converter and connected in parallel at the output;
• control module 23 operating according to the principles of the invention.
• the output charge 28 is constituted by one or more devices, for example a battery 29 and a resistive load 30.
• This architecture will usefully be implemented in an electric vehicle to charge the high voltage batteries of the vehicle (for example 300 V DC) from sector 25 (in particular 220 V AC) and to charge the low voltage battery at the same time. (for example 12 V) with a good performance.
• the architecture of the CC-CC resonant elementary converters may differ from the specified one.
• the resonant circuits (7, 22) of the type "LLC Series " may be replaced by" LC-parallel "," LC-series "or even LCC-type circuits.
• the feed currents of the elementary converters lm, l R2,. . . Rn can alternatively be measured by means of intensity measurement 13 different shunts 12, for example by Hall effect sensors or current transformers.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=48979934

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (22)

Family Cites Families (10)

• 2013
  • 2013-04-23 FR FR1353668A patent/FR3004870B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
  • 2014-04-01 EP EP14721448.0A patent/EP2989717A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-04-01 WO PCT/FR2014/050771 patent/WO2014174171A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2014-04-01 CN CN201480033271.5A patent/CN105379091A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-04-01 US US14/785,688 patent/US9755522B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (2)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events