EP2976164A2 - Sensoranordnung und verfahren zur umfelderfassung eines fahrzeugs - Google Patents
Sensoranordnung und verfahren zur umfelderfassung eines fahrzeugsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2976164A2 EP2976164A2 EP14703593.5A EP14703593A EP2976164A2 EP 2976164 A2 EP2976164 A2 EP 2976164A2 EP 14703593 A EP14703593 A EP 14703593A EP 2976164 A2 EP2976164 A2 EP 2976164A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- transducer assembly
- sensor
- sound transducer
- arrangement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/0292—Electrostatic transducers, e.g. electret-type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/521—Constructional features
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
- H04R19/01—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
- G01S2015/932—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles for parking operations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
- H04R2499/10—General applications
- H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles
Definitions
- Ultrasonic sensors are used today, for example, to assist the driver of a vehicle during parking operations.
- the USS simultaneously acts as transmitter and receiver. The sent out
- Ultrasound signal is reflected by an object.
- the distance to the object is then determined via runtime calculation.
- the lateral position of the object is determined by triangulation.
- Known ultrasonic sensors have a piezoelectric element in the usual way, which is connected to a membrane of the ultrasonic sensor.
- Ultrasonic sensors are vibrated to emit acoustic signals. For the reception of the reflected signals are the
- One way to improve the accuracy of angle determination is to use an ultrasound array (USA). This is an arrangement of a plurality of individual sensor elements, ideally spaced less than wavelength / 2 apart are arranged. Since a US generates a smaller sound pressure through the often smaller area than a conventional comparable USS, usually the transmitting and receiving function is divided. This means that additional mounting space is needed and also visible additional elements must be installed on the vehicles.
- diamond-like carbon is provided with a barrier layer and a piezoelectric layer.
- a plurality of spatially separated first and second electrodes are formed on the piezoelectric layer
- the piezoelectric layer By applying an alternating voltage between a first and a second electrode, the piezoelectric layer can be excited to vibrate.
- the arrangement of the electrodes, the individual regions of the membrane can be separately excited to vibrate, so that a plurality of ultrasonic transducers is housed on the membrane.
- Ultrasonic receivers are spatially separated from each other in the disclosed device.
- a signal is emitted in a defined direction via the ultrasound array.
- the direction can be pivoted in order to gradually scan the vehicle environment with the sound lobe.
- the ultrasound echoes are picked up by one or more receivers, but the receivers are not prepared to determine the direction.
- the direction is calculated from the signal transit time and the emission direction.
- a sensor arrangement which comprises a first sound transducer arrangement with at least one as
- Such a transducer assembly is also referred to as a flexural resonator and can generate sound waves having a relatively high sound pressure, typically about 103-109 dB, measured at 30 cm distance on the mid-perpendicular.
- the sensor arrangement has a second acoustic transducer assembly comprising a plurality of
- the second sound transducer arrangement is arranged on a surface of the first sound transducer arrangement designed as a membrane.
- Such a sensor arrangement can be designed in particular as an ultrasonic sensor arrangement for detecting the surroundings of a vehicle.
- the sensor arrangement known from DE 102012205996.2 is developed and improved by providing that the sensor elements that form the second sound transducer arrangement, ie the array, form
- Elektretwandleriana are formed.
- An electrifying transducer element according to the invention is understood to mean a transducer which functions according to the electret principle. It has a
- Sensor element to a cover layer, which is designed as a vibrating membrane.
- a cover layer which is designed as a vibrating membrane.
- the cover layer Upon impact of an acoustic signal, for example the sound reflected by an object, the cover layer is moved, causing a change in capacitance which is measurable.
- the signal is then electrically amplified and evaluated.
- the internal DC voltage is already introduced into the electret material during the manufacturing process by appropriate charging. This eliminates the Need for an external power supply that provides the DC voltage, resulting in a cost advantage.
- the electret is located in an electret transducer between two electrodes, so that the charges generate an electric field. In some known constructions, the electret is the membrane and thus actively resonates. In other known constructions, the electret is mounted on the stationary electrode.
- the favored for the structure of the invention method for charging the electret material are the corona charging and the contact charging.
- charging options are not limited to the aforementioned methods.
- An overview of known methods of charging is
- the sensor arrangement according to the invention has the advantage that the settling time of the first sound transducer arrangement can be shortened by active control and thus active damping. It works
- the stimulating piezoelectric element as an actuator and the second
- the evaluation unit can separate these signals and evaluate them separately. According to the invention, therefore, the oscillating membrane assumes the function of a transmitter and the array of the plurality of sensor elements assumes the function of a receiver.
- the sensor elements which are the second
- Forming sound transducer arrangement arranged in areas of the surface formed as a membrane of the first sound transducer assembly that experience no or only a slight deflection in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the membrane upon excitation of a vibration of the membrane.
- Transmitting frequency has a node.
- This arrangement has the advantage that the transducer elements experience only a small mechanical load and no or only a slight deflection in the direction of vibration of the membrane even with strong vibrations of the membrane. As a result, the vibration of the membrane affects the array elements as little as possible.
- the center of the membrane represents the area of greatest deflection and thus the greatest influence and the edge area the area with the least influence.
- the first sound transducer arrangement (the transmitter) is designed as a bending oscillator with a piezoceramic as an actuator.
- the second sound transducer arrangement with the plurality of sensor elements (the array) uses as a transducer
- the electret principle In this case, the second
- the cover layer may cover all sensor elements, ie be common to all sensor elements or cover only certain groups of sensor elements or individual sensor elements.
- a signal for example, the sound reflected from an object
- the cover layer is moved and a change in the
- Capacity caused that is measurable is measurable.
- the signal is then electrically amplified and can be further processed.
- the cover layer may for example consist of a metallic material, such as aluminum or stainless steel, or from a fiber-plastic Composite, such as CFRP or GFRP.
- the cover layer is glued to the membrane of the first sound transducer assembly (the bending transducer).
- the adhesive may be designed to be electrically conductive in a first embodiment of the invention. If, in an alternative embodiment of the invention, the adhesive is not electrically conductive, then an electrical contact to the cover layer, which must be the electrical contact
- an electrical line for example, made of strands or a wire.
- Biegeschwingers on which the array is applied be non-conductive. This can e.g. be achieved by an electrical oxidation (anodizing) of the subregions. As a result, if the membrane is made of electrically conductive aluminum, a non-conductive ceramic is produced. On this ceramic conductor tracks can then be applied, for example by vapor deposition, sputtering, screen printing or other applying method.
- the electret itself which comprises, for example, FEP, PTFE, or similar materials, if present as a film, can be adhered to the forming electrode with an electrically conductive adhesive.
- the electret film is preferably vapor-deposited on the side to be contacted (bottom), since FEP or PTFE have very low surface energies, which make bonding virtually impossible. For example, sticking can also be avoided by placing the electret close to a temperature close to it
- the first sound transducer arrangement comprises a cup-shaped element which has a
- Bottom surface and an edge surface comprises, wherein the bottom surface is preferably formed as a membrane.
- a piezoelectric element is disposed in contact with the diaphragm.
- the first transducer assembly corresponds in this embodiment so a
- Ultrasonic sensor can be installed without making adjustments
- the holder are needed.
- the sensor elements of the second sound transducer arrangement are preferably arranged on the bottom surface of the cup-shaped element designed as a membrane, in particular on the outwardly facing side of the bottom surface.
- the conductor tracks are preferably applied to the membrane by applying a film vapor-deposited with the conductor tracks to the surface of the first acoustic transducer arrangement designed as a membrane, for example by gluing.
- the film may in particular be a polyimide film or a Teflon film. Such films are characterized mainly by a high heat resistance and good electrical insulation properties.
- the second sound transducer assembly is mounted on a flexible printed circuit board, wherein the flexible printed circuit board comprises conductor tracks and electrodes, and wherein the flexible printed circuit board is glued in particular with the membrane.
- Sound transducer assembly provided with a cover layer having, for example, a fiber-plastic composite.
- cover layer having, for example, a fiber-plastic composite.
- For additional sealing and to protect against moisture and other environmental influences may also preferably at least one of the sensor elements of the second
- Sound transducer assembly of a cover for example, be covered in the form of a cap or a sealing film.
- the cover element may preferably be pot-shaped and completely cover the first and the second sound transducer arrangement or the second sound transducer arrangement and the membrane of the first sound transducer arrangement.
- a sensor arrangement according to the invention is suitable for detecting the surroundings of motor vehicles or robots, in particular for parking aid systems or also for autonomously driving platforms. According to the invention, a method for detecting the surroundings, in particular of a vehicle, is provided, in which an inventive
- the method provides that the first sound transducer arrangement emits an acoustic signal that can be reflected on one or more objects, the second sound transducer arrangement receives the reflected signal and an angle-dependent evaluation of the reflected signal.
- An angle-dependent evaluation is understood in particular to mean that the arrangement of the sensor elements of the second sound transducer arrangement as a sound transducer array, a position and a shape of the object on which the sound waves were reflected on the basis of time and phase differences between those of the respective
- Sensor elements received sound waves can be detected.
- the inventive method provides in a preferred embodiment, that after the emission of the acoustic signal attenuation of the first transducer arrangement is carried out by a, in particular out of phase, control of the first transducer assembly is made.
- the second sound transducer arrangement is used as a sensor of a control circuit for the control to determine the current phase and / or frequency and / or amplitude of the vibration of the diaphragm of the first sound transducer assembly.
- the sensor arrangement according to the invention is used, for example, in driver assistance systems for vehicles of everyday road traffic, in vehicles at airports, in harbors, in warehouses, on construction sites, in road construction but also for spacecraft that dock with other spacecraft or for machines and robots.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a first sound transducer arrangement.
- FIG. 2 shows a sensor arrangement according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 3 shows a sensor arrangement according to a second embodiment of the invention in section and in plan view.
- Figure 4 shows a sensor arrangement according to a third embodiment of the invention in section.
- Figure 5 shows a sensor arrangement according to a fourth embodiment of the invention in section.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically in perspective view an embodiment of a first transducer assembly 10.
- the first transducer assembly 10 includes a cup-shaped element 11, which may for example consist of plastic or aluminum.
- the element 11 comprises a bottom surface 12 formed as a membrane 12 and a peripheral edge surface 14
- Bottom surface 12 is formed substantially circular.
- the membrane 12 may for example be formed integrally with the element 11, or be attached as a separate part on the peripheral edge surface 14.
- the edge surface 14 has a circumferential projection 16 in the direction of its edge facing away from the bottom surface 12.
- the projection 16 serves for fastening the element 11 in a receptacle of a sensor housing, not shown, for example on a motor vehicle.
- An unillustrated piezoelectric element is arranged in a known manner on the membrane 12 such that it can excite the membrane 12 to oscillate, whereby an emission of sound waves by the first transducer assembly 10 takes place.
- the frequency of the radiated sound waves in the range of 40 to 120 kHz, ie in the ultrasonic range.
- Sound transducer assembly 10 advantageously sound waves with a high sound pressure.
- the membrane 12 is in Vibration, which is indicated by the central curvature of the membrane 12.
- the membrane 12 has a central region 12b, which experiences a maximum deflection in a direction perpendicular to the membrane surface 12 when the oscillation mode is excited (oscillation antinode).
- the membrane 12 has an approximately annular region 12a at its edge, the excitation of the vibration mode shown a minimal or no deflection in a direction perpendicular to the
- Membrane surface 12 undergoes (vibration node). It is advantageous
- a sensor arrangement 1 according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 2 in a perspective view.
- the sensor arrangement 1 comprises a first sound transducer arrangement 10, which according to the one shown in FIG.
- Sound transducer assembly 10 is formed. Identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals.
- a second sound transducer assembly 20, comprising eight identically constructed sensor elements 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, 22f, 22g, 22h, 22i, is on the as a membrane
- Sound transducer assembly 20 is formed as a sound transducer array.
- the central position on the membrane 12 has no sensor element, since in this region the deflection is strongest in a bending vibration of the membrane, as can be seen from FIG.
- the sensor elements 22a-22i are arranged in the edge regions of the membrane 12, which experience only a slight deflection in the mode of the flexural vibration of the diaphragm excited in this example in comparison to the maximum deflection in FIG Center of the membrane (as shown in Figure 1).
- the sensor elements with more or fewer columns or rows and / or a larger or smaller number of sensor elements are conceivable.
- the distances of the sensor elements 22a-22i in the x and y directions are each preferably half the wavelength of the sound waves for which the sensor arrangement 1 is designed. For a typical frequency of 50 kHz and the application in air, the distance is thus about 3 mm, measured from the center of a sensor element to the center of the farthest sensor element. Deviations lead to losses of accuracy in the spatial separation of reflex points.
- the sensor arrangement 1 Since reliable detection of the received acoustic signal can only take place after a certain settling time of the sensor arrangement 1, the sensor arrangement 1 is provided after the emission of the acoustic signal
- Attenuate signal Due to the attenuation, the time duration which is at least between the emission of the acoustic signal by the first
- Transducer assembly 10 and the detection of the reflected acoustic signal by the second sound transducer assembly 20 must pass to a reliable measurement, especially in a vicinity of the sensor array
- Used motor vehicle objects can be detected with a small distance from the sensor by this reduction of the so-called dead time.
- the minimum detectable distance is in a known manner by the
- Reverberation of the sensor assembly 1 determines.
- the attenuation of the first sound transducer assembly 10 is preferably carried out by active control of the piezoelectric element of the first transducer assembly, in phase opposition to the vibration of the membrane 11.
- Sound transducer assembly 20 serves as a sensor for the vibration of the diaphragm 11 and it can be formed a control loop, which allows a fast and efficient damping of the membrane. It is thus possible to reduce the use of damping materials, such as foamed plastics, or to completely dispense with it.
- damping materials such as foamed plastics
- FIG. 2 As an alternative to the arrangement of the sensor elements 22a-22i shown in FIG. 2, other arrangements are conceivable, for example an arrangement with varying distances.
- the sensor elements 22a-22i have a substantially circular surface in the example shown. Alternatively, other shapes are possible, for example, a rectangular, square or polygonal shape.
- the sensor elements 22a-22i each comprise an electret element and a common cover layer, which is designed as a vibrating membrane. Upon impact of a signal, for example the sound reflected by an object, the cover layer is moved and causes a change in capacitance, which is measurable. As a result, a voltage signal is generated at each of the sensor elements 22a-22i.
- a position and a shape of the object on which the sound waves are reflected can be detected based on time and phase differences between the sound waves received from the respective sensor elements 22a-22i.
- FIG. 3 shows a sensor arrangement 1 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention in section (FIG. 3A) and in plan view (FIG. 3B), wherein in FIG. 3B the cover layer 125 of the sensor elements 22a-22i is not visible.
- the first sound transducer arrangement 110 comprises a cup-shaped element 111 with a membrane 112 as the bottom surface.
- the first sound transducer assembly 110 is formed as a bending oscillator with a piezoceramic 115 as an actuator, which is driven by electrical connections 117.
- four sensor elements 122 are provided on the membrane 112 of the first sound transducer assembly 110, which act as a sensor array and together the second
- Sound transducer assembly 120 form.
- the sensor elements 122 of the second sound transducer arrangement 120 use the electret principle. There is one
- Cover layer 125 of the array designed as a vibrating membrane.
- Impact sound waves in particular, the cover layer 125 is moved and a change in capacitance is caused on each sensor element.
- the change in capacity represents the received signal.
- the cover layer 125 may be made of both a metallic material, such as e.g. Aluminum or stainless steel, as well as from a fiber-plastic composite, such. CFK or GFK.
- the cover layer 125 is adhesively bonded to the membrane 112 of the first sound transducer assembly 110 at various splices 128.
- the adhesive used may be, for example, electrically conductive. If the adhesive is not electrically conductive, then an electrical contact of the cover layer 125, which is the counterelectrode of the second sound transducer assembly 120, to a ground electrode 137, by attachment of strands or a wire 130, as shown in Figure 3. In order not to create a short circuit, portions 114 of the membrane 112 of the first
- Sound transducer assembly 110 on which the sound transducer assembly 120 is disposed to be non-conductive. This can e.g. by an electric
- Oxidation (anodization) of the partial regions 114 can be achieved.
- the membrane 112 is made of electrically conductive aluminum, a non-conductive ceramic is produced.
- conductor tracks are applied, which are e.g. by vapor deposition, sputtering, screen printing or other applying process can be realized.
- the membrane 112 is made of electrically conductive aluminum, a non-conductive ceramic is produced.
- conductor tracks are applied, which are e.g. by vapor deposition, sputtering, screen printing or other applying process can be realized.
- the membrane 112 is made of electrically conductive aluminum, a non-conductive ceramic is produced.
- conductor tracks are applied, which are e.g. by vapor deposition, sputtering, screen printing or other applying process can be realized.
- the vapor deposition, sputtering, screen printing or other applying process can be realized.
- Conductor tracks 132 by applying a vapor-deposited with the tracks 132 foil, in particular one or a Teflon film, on which as a membrane
- the electret which forms the sensor elements 122 and which is e.g. FEP, PTFE, if present as a film, may be adhered to the forming electrode with an electrically conductive adhesive.
- electret foil is preferably vapor-deposited on the side to be contacted (bottom), since FEP or PTFE have very low surface energies, which make bonding virtually impossible. Is that right
- Electret material in dissolved form such as Teflon AF or Cytop from Asahi Glass, may be applied by other methods such as dripping or spinning.
- a plug 135 can be connected by means of electrical conductive adhesive 129 with the tracks 132 or by soldering or welding. The plug 135 and the electrical supply line to the plug 135 is through a channel-like recess 138 in the housing 111 passed, and connected to the electronics of an evaluation unit (not shown).
- the first acoustic transducer assembly 210 includes a cup-shaped member 211 having a membrane 212 as
- the first sound transducer arrangement 210 is designed as a bending oscillator with a piezoceramic 215 as an actuator, which is controlled by electrical connections 217.
- a plurality of sensor elements 222 are provided on the membrane 212 of the first sound transducer assembly 210, which act as a sensor array and together form the second sound transducer assembly 220.
- the sensor elements 222 of the second sound transducer arrangement 220 use the electret principle.
- a cover layer 225 of the array is designed as a vibrating membrane.
- the second transducer assembly 220 is applied to the cover layer 225 on a flexible circuit board 232, which already has the necessary elements, such as tracks and electrodes. This is a costly processing of the membrane 212 of the first
- the printed circuit board 232 has a flexible plug 235 which can be guided in a recess 238 of the diaphragm pot. In this way, eliminates the complicated contact in the
- the printed circuit board 232 is connected to the membrane by means of an adhesive layer 240.
- the cover layer 225 is attached by means of splices 228, 229 on the flexible circuit board 232.
- the exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 5 largely corresponds to the example described in connection with FIG.
- the same elements are provided with the same reference numerals.
- the difference from the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 is that a cover layer 326 of the second acoustic transducer arrangement 220 is provided, which is cup-shaped, that is to say has a peripheral edge 330 which runs essentially perpendicular to the membrane 212.
- This design of the cover layer on the one hand creates an optical continuous surface and on the other hand another way to seal the Sensor arrangement 1 created. The sealing takes place in the illustrated example at the splice 350.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201310205157 DE102013205157A1 (de) | 2013-03-22 | 2013-03-22 | Sensoranordnung und Verfahren zur Umfelderfassung eines Fahrzeugs |
PCT/EP2014/052578 WO2014146828A2 (de) | 2013-03-22 | 2014-02-11 | Sensoranordnung und verfahren zur umfelderfassung eines fahrzeugs |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2976164A2 true EP2976164A2 (de) | 2016-01-27 |
Family
ID=50071619
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14703593.5A Withdrawn EP2976164A2 (de) | 2013-03-22 | 2014-02-11 | Sensoranordnung und verfahren zur umfelderfassung eines fahrzeugs |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2976164A2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN105073281B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102013205157A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014146828A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017207859A1 (de) | 2016-06-08 | 2017-12-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | System zum sicheren Austausch von Gegenständen |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102015224733B3 (de) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-10-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen eines eisbelegten elektroakustischen Sensors |
CN105549022B (zh) * | 2016-03-04 | 2019-01-29 | 陈武强 | 一种汽车超声波侦测方法及传感器 |
US10480971B2 (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2019-11-19 | Gwf Messsysteme Ag | Compact wide angle acoustic transducer |
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- 2014-02-11 EP EP14703593.5A patent/EP2976164A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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DE102017207859A1 (de) | 2016-06-08 | 2017-12-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | System zum sicheren Austausch von Gegenständen |
WO2017211537A1 (de) | 2016-06-08 | 2017-12-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | System zum sicheren austausch von gegenständen |
Also Published As
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DE102013205157A1 (de) | 2014-10-09 |
CN105073281B (zh) | 2018-12-14 |
WO2014146828A3 (de) | 2014-12-04 |
WO2014146828A2 (de) | 2014-09-25 |
CN105073281A (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
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