EP2969438B1 - Method for producing a flat element with a surface which deviates from a flat surface - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a sheet-like element with a surface that deviates from a flat surface from hardening material, comprising the steps of the preamble of claim 1.

Such planar elements with a surface deviating from a flat surface are known from different materials and are used, for example, for cladding surfaces or facades of buildings in modern architecture. In addition to the use of such planar elements made of glass, the production of which deviates from a flat surface and, in particular, has a complicated curved shape is extremely complex and expensive, the use of such planar elements with different shapes deviating from a flat surface, also made of hardenable materials such as plastics or concrete, in particular reinforced or fiber-reinforced concrete, is increasingly desired. However, the production of such planar elements is extremely complex, with one possibility for the production of elements made of concrete, in particular reinforced or fiber-reinforced concrete, being, for example, spraying processes, with fiber reinforcements, for example textile fabrics being introduced into a corresponding form and then concrete with special physical properties in multi-stage spraying processes -chemical properties is applied. However, such spraying methods are extremely problematic, especially with regard to their control and implementation, and it is particularly difficult, taking into account the long production and, in particular, curing times, such planar elements with the desired and in particular the same properties, such as surface quality, color and the like to make large quantities available.

Further problems in the production of such planar elements with a surface deviating from a flat surface arise, for example, from the fact that particularly for a connection or connection of adjacent planar elements in the edge or edge area, recessed or offset edge areas are often required, which compared to a Thickness of the sheet-like element to be produced have an additional extent or height. In this context, it is known, for example, to form such planar elements in a first step essentially with the increased thickness corresponding to the additional edge or edge regions, after which additional processing steps may be required for the further processing or provision of such offset or recessed edge regions .

In addition, production devices, in particular casting devices, are known for the production of planar elements with elaborate or complex curved surfaces, wherein a casting mold with a surface that can be adjusted according to the shape of the element to be produced is provided, as is the case, for example, in WO 2012/065614 A1 or the DE 198 23 610 A1 is removable. However, the use of such casting devices with an adjustable surface, taking into account the extremely long curing times of up to 28 days, for example, is not economically viable. The production of a large number of such planar elements, some of which may have different shapes, is not possible due to the lack of availability of a correspondingly large number of correspondingly complex casting devices.

A similar form for the production of components corresponding to the training mentioned above is, for example, from DD 137 423 A1 , which more specifically discloses the preamble of claim 1, has become known.

Other methods and forms for the production of profile parts or components in particular made of concrete or similar materials are, for example, WO 2011/155841 A1 or the DE 44 21 886 A1 refer to.

The present invention therefore aims to provide a method of the type mentioned above with which the above-mentioned problems of the prior art can be avoided or at least reduced and such flat elements with a surface made of hardening material that deviates from a flat surface in possibly large numbers and with possibly differing shapes with a reduced expenditure of time, a constant quality and in particular with reduced costs can be made available in an economically sensible manner.

To solve these problems, a method of the type mentioned at the outset for producing a planar element with a surface made of hardening material that deviates from a flat surface is developed essentially by the characterizing part of claim 1 .

By providing two molded parts, each of which has a shape corresponding to a surface of the planar element to be produced, it is possible in a simple and reliable manner to provide such a planar element with a possibly complex shape or outer surface correspondingly inexpensively, since such molded parts can be provided correspondingly inexpensively and not, as mentioned above, in each case a complex casting device with an adjustable surface must be provided for possibly extremely long periods of time for curing a planar or plate-like or shell-like or planar element to be produced. In order to achieve the desired thickness of the planar element to be produced, it is provided according to the invention that the molded parts are arranged at a distance from one another or a cavity or depression is provided in at least one of the surfaces of the molded parts. By providing the mold parts, the hardening material can then be easily and reliably introduced into the cavity delimited by the mold parts, with any necessary or desired reinforcements of such a hardening material also being easily and reliably introduced into the cavity between the mold parts. By providing the mold parts, they can also remain connected to one another for long periods of time that may be required for curing of the planar element to be produced, after which the mold parts can be opened and the cured planar element can be removed.

To provide a cavity corresponding to the thickness of the planar element to be produced for subsequent introduction of the material to be hardened, it is proposed according to the invention that spacers be used to form the distance between the molded parts in accordance with the external dimensions of the planar element to be produced. According to the thickness of the element to be produced, such spacers can easily be arranged between the molded parts to be connected to one another and at the same time define the external dimensions of the planar element to be produced. Since the planar elements to be produced should have a shape deviating from a flat surface or a surface lying in a plane, elastic spacers are preferably provided or used according to the invention, which can be easily and reliably connected between the can arrange connecting moldings.

In addition, it is provided that at least one surface of the planar element to be produced is at least partially formed with a recessed or offset edge or edge region for a connection to an adjacent planar element. In this way, planar elements can be provided which, for example, can be designed in accordance with architectural requirements with edge or edge regions having a greater height or thickness for a proper and aesthetically pleasing connection to adjacent planar elements.

According to the invention, it can also preferably be provided that at least one surface of the planar element to be produced is formed by a curved surface, it being proposed according to a further preferred embodiment in this context that the curved surface be a single-curved or double-curved surface or Surface is formed with free shaping. The method according to the invention can thus be used to provide planar elements made of hardening material with a complicated and complex shape which, if at all realizable, could only be produced with other production methods with extremely increased expenditure of time and money. The molded parts can be easily and reliably provided with the desired curved surfaces corresponding to the shape of the sheet-like element to be produced, whereby if desired the surfaces of the sheet-like element to be produced do not necessarily have to be identical on both sides, so that additional, for example structural features, for example for Achieving corresponding mechanical strengths can be taken into account.

In the context of the method according to the invention, according to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the hardening material is selected from plastics, in particular polyester and epoxy, glass, plaster, concrete, in particular reinforced or fiber-reinforced concrete, or the like of the technology in the production of such planar elements made of concrete, in particular fiber-reinforced concrete, so that the advantages of the method according to the invention in connection with the use of fiber-reinforced concrete are immediately apparent.

In order to avoid areas of different density and in particular to avoid gas or air inclusions in the production of the planar element, it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that the hardening material is introduced between the two mold parts under vacuum.

For simple and reliable positioning of the molded parts when connecting, it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that the molded parts are positioned relative to one another using at least one marking.

In addition to cost savings, which can be achieved by using molded parts that are easy to produce in the context of the method according to the invention, it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that the molded parts are opened non-destructively and reused after removal of the element to be produced. Such a reusability allows additional cost advantages to be achieved in connection with the costs for the production of the molded parts.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned tasks of providing planar elements with a surface that deviates from a flat surface while achieving in particular cost savings compared to the known prior art, a molded part for use in a method according to the invention of the type mentioned above is essentially characterized in that the molded part is formed with a cavity or a recess corresponding in particular to the thickness of the element to be produced, and that the molded part is formed with a recess corresponding to a recessed or stepped edge or edge region on the side of the element to be produced facing away from the outer surface. Such moldable or castable or foam-like materials, in particular plastic materials, are available in different material compositions and can therefore be selected and used to produce the molded parts, for example in adaptation to a desired shape and in particular to the materials to be used for the sheet-like material to be produced. In order to provide the thickness or thickness desired for the sheet-like material to be produced, it is provided for the molded part according to the invention that the molded part is provided with a cavity or a depression, in particular accordingly the thickness of the element to be produced. As already mentioned several times, for a planar element to be produced, it may be desirable or necessary to form edge or edge parts or regions that are thicker or thicker and that are recessed or offset. In this context, it is proposed according to the invention that the molded part is designed with a depression corresponding to a recessed or offset edge or edge area of the element to be produced.

For reliable positioning of the molded parts to be connected to one another, it is also preferably provided that the molded part is designed with at least one marking for positioning.

For easy handling of the molded parts during assembly or positioning, a further preferred embodiment provides that the marking is formed by a through hole outside the surface of the element to be produced.

Particularly when using molded parts that may have larger dimensions for the production of such or corresponding planar elements that also have larger dimensions, it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that a plurality of markings, in particular holes, be provided along the circumference of the surface of the element to be produced.

In order to achieve the objects mentioned at the outset, a method for producing a molded part according to the invention of the type mentioned above is essentially characterized in that, for the formation of undercut or offset edge or edge regions on the side of the planar element to be produced and facing away from the outer surface, /or a cavity or depression on the molded part inserts are placed on the adjustable surface of the mold. By such a casting process with a mold with an adjustable surface such molded parts can be easily and reliably produced, for example, a device according to the WO 2012/065614 A1 can be used for this purpose. In order to achieve different dimensions of the planar element to be produced and in particular partial areas of different thickness, it is proposed according to the invention that inserts are arranged on the adjustable surface of the casting mold to form undercut or offset edge or edge regions of the planar element to be produced and/or a cavity or a depression on the molded part.

For subsequent reliable positioning of the molded parts to be connected to one another during production of the planar element, according to a further preferred embodiment, at least one marking is provided for mutual positioning of the molded parts. In this connection it is proposed according to a further preferred embodiment that the marking is formed by a through hole outside the surface of the element to be produced.

In particular for molded parts having large dimensions, it is proposed for their simple and reliable positioning that a plurality of markings, in particular holes, are formed along the circumference of the surface of the element to be produced, as corresponds to a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a molded part according to the invention .

According to the intended use and/or the desired aesthetic appearance, different materials can be provided for such planar elements. In this context it is proposed that the hardening material is selected from plastics, in particular polyester and epoxy, reinforced or fibre-reinforced, in particular glass-fibre reinforced plastics, glass, plaster, concrete, in particular reinforced or fibre-reinforced concrete or the like.

• Fig. 1 schematische Darstellungen von unterschiedlichen Verfahrensschritten zur Herstellung eines ersten Formteils zum Einsatz in einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Herstellung eines flächenartigen Elements;
• Fig. 2 in einer zu Fig. 1 ähnlichen Darstellung Verfahrensschritte zur Herstellung eines zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Formteils;
• Fig. 3 in zu Fig. 1 und 2 ähnlichen Darstellungen die Verwendung von Formteilen gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 in einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Herstellung eines flächenartigen Elements mit von einer ebenen Oberfläche abweichender, insbesondere gekrümmter Oberfläche aus aushärtendem Material, welches schematisch in Fig. 3g angedeutet ist;
• Fig. 4 in Anlehnung an die in Fig. 1 bis 3 gezeigten Darstellungen unterschiedlicher Verfahrensschritte Detaildarstellungen von einzelnen Verfahrensschritten, wobei zur Vereinfachung der Darstellung ebene Flächen anstelle der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen gekrümmten Oberfläche eines herzustellenden flächenartigen Elements gezeigt sind;
• Fig. 5 eine perspektivische Ansicht sowie einen Schnitt durch ein flächenartiges Element, welches unter Berücksichtigung einer Herstellung entsprechend den Verfahrensschritten von Fig. 4 zur Vereinfachung der Darstellung wiederum mit einer ebenen bzw. flachen Formgebung anstelle der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen gekrümmten Form dargestellt ist, wie sie in Fig. 1 bis 3 gezeigt ist; und
• Fig. 6 eine schematische Darstellung ähnlich zu Fig. 4f einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform, wonach eine Dicke des herzustellenden flächenartigen Elements anstelle einer Verwendung von Abstandhaltern durch eine Vertiefung bzw. einen Hohlraum in einem Formteil definiert wird.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the attached drawing. In this show:

• 1 schematic representations of different method steps for producing a first molded part for use in a method according to the invention for producing a planar element;
• 2 in one to 1 Similar representation Process steps for the production of a second molded part according to the invention;
• 3 in to 1 and 2 Similar representations according to the use of molded parts 1 and 2 in a method according to the invention for the production of a planar element with a surface deviating from a flat surface, in particular a curved surface, made of hardening material, which is shown schematically in 3g is indicated;
• 4 based on the in Figures 1 to 3 Representations of different process steps shown are detailed representations of individual process steps, flat surfaces being shown instead of the curved surface provided according to the invention of a planar element to be produced to simplify the representation;
• figure 5 a perspective view and a section through a sheet-like element, which taking into account a production according to the process steps of 4 to simplify the illustration, it is again shown with a planar or flat shape instead of the curved shape provided according to the invention, as shown in Figures 1 to 3 is shown; and
• 6 a schematic diagram similar to Fig. 4f a modified embodiment, according to which a thickness of the planar element to be produced is defined by a recess or a cavity in a molded part instead of using spacers.

In 1 are schematic individual process steps for the production of a molded part for use in a subsequent process for the production of a planar element with a surface deviating from a flat surface made of hardening material, as is the case in particular in 3 is shown in more detail.

Fig. 1a shows schematically a portion of a casting mold, as shown in detail in Figures 4a and 4b is shown in more detail, the casting mold 1 having a surface 2 which can be adjusted in accordance with the surface of the planar or plate-like or shell-like or planar element to be produced. Out of Fig. 1a as well as the following figures, it can be seen that the surface 2 of the casting mold 1 and thus of the planar element to be produced subsequently, as is shown in 3 , in particular 3g is shown, has a shape deviating from a flat surface in the form of a complex curvature. Instead of the complex ones presented Curvature or essentially free shaping, the curved surface can be formed by a single-curved or double-curved surface or free-form surface.

At the step according to Fig. 1b it can be seen that for the production of the molded part on the surface 2 of the schematically indicated casting mold 1, corresponding boundary walls 3 are arranged to limit the external dimensions of the molded part to be produced, with rod-like elements 4 also being indicated, which, as will become apparent below, are markings in shape of holes or openings in the molded part to be produced.

At the step according to 1c the boundary walls 3 and the rod-like elements 4 are removed after a moldable or castable or foam-like material has been introduced to form a first molded part 5 . Such a foam-like material, in particular, has very short curing times, for example, so that with such a casting mold or casting device 1, which has a surface 2 that can be adjusted according to the shape of the planar element to be produced, a large number of mold parts can be used quickly and inexpensively to shape a product to be produced sheet-like element of complementary shape can be produced.

In Fig. 1d is indicated schematically how the molded part 5 produced is removed from the casting mold and its adjustable surface 2 according to the arrow 6 . In addition, it can be seen that the molded part 5 is thus formed with a surface 7 that is likewise curved in a complex manner corresponding to the surface 2 . In Fig. 1d the markings 8 formed by holes or openings can also be seen.

In 2 shows the production of a second molded part for the subsequent production or formation of a planar element with a surface that deviates from a flat surface, with the in Figures 2a to 2d The process steps shown are essentially identical to those in Figures 1a to 1d illustrated process steps are.

In Figure 2a is a mold denoted by 11 again with an adjustable surface 12 corresponding to the shape of the sheet-like to be produced Elements provided, in addition to the embodiment according to Fig. 1a in the representation according to Figure 2a a frame-shaped insert 13 is placed on the surface 12. For a simple and reliable adaptation to the surface with complex curvature, the frame-shaped insert 13 can be made of a suitably elastic material, for example, in order to, as is shown in Figure 2a is indicated to follow the complex curvature of the surface 12 as well.

In Figure 2b is shown how boundary walls 14 and rod-like positioning elements 15 are arranged on the surface 12 for the production of the second molded part, whereupon in the in Figure 2c In the method step shown, these elements 14 and 15 are removed again, so that a second molded part 16 was produced by a previous introduction and curing of a material that is moldable or castable or foam-like in turn.

This second molded part 16 is in Fig. 2d again shown in the position removed from the mold 11 and the surface 12 according to the arrow 17, again markings 18 formed by holes being indicated.

This second molded part 16 is in Figure 2e shown in a plan view, from which it can be seen that in addition to a correspondingly complex curved surface 19 and the marking holes 18, which are provided outside of the sheet-like element to be subsequently produced, a depression 20 is formed in the surface 19, which is subsequently formed during the production of the sheet-like element will form remote or receding edge or edge areas with a correspondingly increased thickness.

In 3 are schematic individual steps for the production of a sheet-like element with a surface deviating from a flat surface using the according to 1 and 2 manufactured moldings 5 and 16 can be seen.

According to the Figure 3a illustrated step, the molded part 16, as shown in Figure 2e shown and according to the in 2 illustrated method steps was prepared, provided.

To achieve the desired thickness, according to the in Figures 3b and 3c illustrated method steps in the recess 20 of the molded part 16, a particularly elastic Spacer 21 is arranged, the height of which is greater than the depth of the depression 20, so that the spacer 21 protrudes over the surface 19 of the molded part 16, as is shown in 3c is shown and for example in the detailed representations of Figures 4e and 4f will become more apparent.

in the in 3d illustrated step is the molding 16, which is provided with the spacer 21 in the recess 20, which according to the method of 1 manufactured molding 5 approximated, as indicated by the double arrow 22 and in Figure 3e is shown in greater detail.

After a perfect approach of the two mold parts 5 and 16, for a correct mutual positioning and in particular for possibly long periods for hardening of the sheet-like element, positioning rods 23 are arranged in the marks formed by holes 8 and 18 respectively.

By introducing the hardening material into the cavity formed between the mold parts 5 and 16, as described with reference to FIG 4 As will become clearer, by using the mold parts 5 and 16 with a shape adapted to the complex shape by the surfaces 19 and 7 of the mold parts 16 and 5, respectively, a planar element with a surface that deviates from a flat surface can be produced from hardening material. This planar element is shown schematically in 3g and designated 24 with the undercut edge portions produced by the depression 20 being indicated at 25 and the curved surface being generally indicated at 26.

In 4 are individual process steps of Figures 1 to 3 shown in detail with no curved or complex shaped surfaces shown for ease of illustration, but instead flat or coplanar surfaces are shown for explanation of the essential principles.

In Figures 4a and 4b 31 denotes a casting device, which has an adjustable surface 32, with adjusting elements, which are formed, for example, by telescopic elements, being denoted by 33. It is immediately apparent that with a corresponding adjustment of the adjustment elements 33 essentially any desired shape of the surface 32, which of a flexible element, for example a flexible mat, can be achieved, so that instead of the surface 32 shown as a flat surface for the sake of simplicity, the Fig. 1a and 2a illustrated complex surfaces 2 and 12 can be achieved.

Similar to the representation according to Figure 2a is in accordance with the presentation Figure 4a a frame-shaped insert 36 is provided or arranged on the surface 32, which during the production of the molded part will produce a depression defining the formation of recessed or offset edge or edge regions of the planar element to be produced.

In Figure 4b is a procedural step similar to the procedural step Figure 2c shown, where after the introduction of a castable or moldable or foam-like material, boundary walls (not shown in detail) and rod-like centering elements 34 are removed, so that the outer contours of a molded part 35 produced become visible. This molded part 35 has marking or positioning elements 37 formed by holes corresponding to the rod-like centering elements.

In a representation corresponding to the representation of Figure 2e is in Figure 4c the molded part 35 is shown in a schematic top view, it being evident that in addition to the markings 37, a depression 38 formed by the insert element 33 is provided, which subsequently has recessed or offset edge or edge regions of the planar element to be produced and thus the external dimensions of the same will define.

In Figure 4d is in a to Figure 4c Similar representation schematically shows a second molded part 39, which is formed by the in Figures 4a and 4b is generated schematically indicated manufacturing steps, wherein marking elements 40 are provided.

Similar to the in 1 shown representation of the production of a molded part, the surface of this molded part 39 has no depressions or cavities.

In accordance with the representation of Figure 3b for the production of a planar element 24 with a surface or shape deviating from a flat surface are shown in FIG Figure 4e strip-shaped spacers 41 are arranged in the molded part 35 in its depression 38 .

In the representation according to Fig. 4f Figure 4 shows the mold parts 35 and 39 in assembled condition, as shown Fig. 3f is equivalent to. From this representation it can be seen that the molded parts 35 and 37 are positioned relative to one another by rod-like centering elements 42 which are arranged in the markings 37 and 40 of the molded parts 35 and 39 formed by passage openings or holes. Out of Fig. 4f It can also be seen that the facing surfaces of the mold parts 35 and 39, which define the outer surfaces of the sheet-like element to be produced, are arranged at a distance from one another, the thickness of the sheet-like element to be produced being defined by the protruding height of the strip-shaped spacers 41 .

The planar element to be produced is formed by introducing the hardening material into the cavity between the mold parts 35 and 39, with corresponding introduction or feed openings not being shown in detail.

Just as already in connection with the description of 3 and in particular from Fig. 3f mentioned above, the molded parts 35 and 39 connected to one another remain in the in Fig. 4f shown interconnected location.

After the curing time or curing period has elapsed, the mold parts 35 and 39 are separated from one another, in particular after the rod-shaped centering elements 42 have been removed, so that the planar element produced can subsequently be removed. Since a non-destructive separation of the mold parts 35 and 39 with subsequent removal of the planar element to be produced is possible, these mold parts can in turn be used to produce a further planar element.

In Figure 5a a perspective view of a planar element 43 produced by the mold parts 35 or 39 can be seen. It is immediately apparent that in the formation of curved or complex outer surfaces, as in the Figures 1 to 3 is indicated schematically, instead of in figure 5 shown and with the molded parts according to 4 produced sheet-like planar element such a Element would have a corresponding curvature or complex shape, as is shown schematically in 3g shown and designated 24.

Out of Figure 5a and according to the sectional view Figure 5b it can also be seen that the produced planar element 43 has a circumferential recessed or offset edge or edge region 44, which is often desired or required in particular for an assembly with adjacent or adjoining planar elements.

In 6 is in a to Fig. 4f Similar representation shown a modified embodiment of molded parts 45 and 46 in the assembled state. From this representation it can be seen that the molded part 45 is not only similar to that in Figure 4c embodiment shown has a recess 47 to form a circumferential stepped edge or edge region, but that the partial region 48 of the molded part 45 lying between the circumferential edge regions 47 is recessed or stepped in relation to the outer surface 49 to determine the thickness of the planar element to be produced is and defines such a cavity, which when assembled with the further molded part 46, as in 6 is shown, directly defines the thickness of the planar element to be produced.

In a modification of the in Fig. 4f illustrated embodiment is in accordance with the training 6 a distance between the mold parts 45 and 46 is not required. The recess 48 defines a cavity to the boundary surface 50 of the further molded part 46, so that when the cavity between the surfaces of the molded parts 45 and 46 is filled, a flat element can be provided with a shape as shown in figure 5 is shown in detail.

It can be seen from the above statements that planar elements 24 can be produced with essentially any desired curvature or general surface by providing molded parts with a corresponding shape.

Claims (13)

1. A method for producing a first mold part (5, 35), a second mold part (16, 39) and a flat element (24, 43) with a surface which deviates from a flat surface from a curing material, comprising the following steps:

   - producing a first mold part (5, 35) in a casting mold (1) with an adjustable surface (2) which has the one first mold surface (7) which has a form corresponding to a surface of the element (24, 43) to be produced,

   - producing a second mold part (16, 39) in a casting mold (11) with an adjustable surface (12) which has the one second mold surface (19) which has a form corresponding to another surface of the element (24, 43) to be produced,

   - connecting the first and second mold parts (5, 16, 35, 39), wherein a gap and/or cavity or a recess corresponding to the element (24, 43) to be produced is delimited by the first mold part (5, 35) and the second mold part (16, 39) between at least one of the surfaces of the mold parts (5, 16, 35, 39),

   - introducing the curing material into the cavity delimited by the mold parts (5, 16, 35, 39),

   - curing the curing material in the mold parts (5, 16, 35, 39) connected to each other, and

   - opening the mold parts (5, 16, 35, 39) and removing the cured flat element (24, 43),

   characterized in that
   a cavity is formed in the mold surface (7, 19) by inserts (13, 36) on the adjustable surface of the casting mold (1, 11) during production of at least one of the first or the second mold parts (5, 16, 35, 39).
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that spacers (21, 41) corresponding to outer dimensions of the flat element (24, 43) to be produced are employed to form the gap between the mold parts (5, 16, 35, 39).
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a surface of the flat element (24, 43) to be produced is formed at least in part with a recessed or offset border or edge region (25, 44).
4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one surface of the flat element (24, 43) to be produced is formed by a curved surface (26, 50).
5. The method according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the spacers (21, 41) are formed elastically.
6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the curved surface (26, 50) is formed by a single curved or double curved surface or by a surface with a free form.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the curing material is selected from plastics, in particular polyester and epoxy, glass, plaster, concrete, in particular reinforced or fiber-reinforced concrete, or the like.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the curing material is introduced between the two mold parts (5, 16, 35, 39) under vacuum.
9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the mold parts (5, 16, 35, 39) are positioned relative to each other using at least one marker (8, 18, 37, 40).
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the mold parts (5, 16, 35, 39) are opened in a non-destructive manner and are reused after removal of the element (24, 43) to be produced.
11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, for forming recessed or offset border or edge regions (25) of the flat element (24) to be produced on the mold part (5, 16), inserts (13) are arranged on the adjustable surface of the casting mold (1), with the mold part (5, 16) being produced from a pourable or foam-like material or plastic material.
12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the marker (8, 18, 37, 40) is formed by a continuous hole outside the surface (26, 50) of the element (24, 43) to be produced.
13. The method according to any one of claims 9 or 12, characterized in that a plurality of markers (8, 18, 37, 40), in particular holes, are formed along the perimeter of the surface (26, 50) of the element (24, 43) to be produced.

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