EP2963736A1 - Élément d'antenne multibande et antenne - Google Patents

Élément d'antenne multibande et antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2963736A1
EP2963736A1 EP14306083.8A EP14306083A EP2963736A1 EP 2963736 A1 EP2963736 A1 EP 2963736A1 EP 14306083 A EP14306083 A EP 14306083A EP 2963736 A1 EP2963736 A1 EP 2963736A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frequency
radiating surface
antenna element
electric current
band
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14306083.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Gimersky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Lucent SAS filed Critical Alcatel Lucent SAS
Priority to EP14306083.8A priority Critical patent/EP2963736A1/fr
Publication of EP2963736A1 publication Critical patent/EP2963736A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/35—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using two or more simultaneously fed points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength

Definitions

  • a first aspect of the present invention provides an antenna element comprising:
  • hybrid antennas are often formed by using multiple elements. These multiple elements comprise lower- and higher-frequency component radiators which in some cases are arranged side by side. This arrangement offers ease of construction and the advantage of using essentially the same radiator design for all frequency bands, just scaled differently for the different frequencies.
  • array synthesis tends to yield suboptimal antenna performance due to the fact that the constituting component radiators do not have a common phase centre.
  • the concern of electromagnetic interference is typically addressed by means of a fence-like metallic enclosure placed to encircle the higher-frequency component radiator, in-between the higher-frequency component radiator and its lower-frequency counterpart.
  • a way to increase the utility of the enclosure is to make the enclosure an integral part of either, or both, component radiators for enhancement of the radiators'radiation properties, e.g., the higher-frequency component radiator can be designed for ultra-wideband performance, and the enclosure - in addition to reducing the electromagnetic interference between the higher- and lower-frequency component radiators - suppresses unwanted higher-order modes that would otherwise prevent ultra-wideband performance. In this way the enclosure can perform double duty.
  • Co-pending European application EP14205603.4 to Alcatel Lucent discloses such a low profile wideband radiating antenna with such circumferential topology.
  • the enclosure between the component radiators decreases the portion of the hybrid radiating element's allocated footprint that can be used for improving the performance of the lower-frequency component radiator.
  • the present invention recognises that the spatial separation of antenna elements operating at different frequencies and the provision of shielding between them can lead to antenna elements that have a relatively large size, much of which is not used for active radiating components. It also recognised that frequency-selective components could be used to control the flow of electric currents on a radiating surface of an antenna element and this could allow certain portions of the element to carry a subset of frequencies while other portions could carry all frequencies. In this way certain frequencies could make use of the whole radiating surface while others could use just a portion. This would allow different frequency bands to be supported, with in some cases one of the bands making use of the entire radiating surface. In this regard, generally the lowest frequency band supported requires the largest radiating element. Allowing portions of a radiating element whose size is selected for the lowest frequency band to support other higher frequency bands makes efficient use of the radiating surface and provides a compact and efficient antenna element supporting more than one frequency band of operation.
  • frequency-selective components serve to manipulate the way the electric currents of different frequencies flow on the radiating surface.
  • One or more frequency-selective components tuned to one or more different frequency bands and placed in the proximity of, or on the contiguous radiating surface, control the distribution of electric currents of different frequency bands to different sections of the radiating surface.
  • the frequency-selective component(s) may be mounted on the antenna element or close to the radiating surface. In this regard it may be mounted between the radiating surface and the ground plate, or it may be mounted on the other side of the radiating surface to the ground plate.
  • the frequency-selective component(s) is mounted close enough to the radiating surface such that there is electromagnetic coupling between the radiating surface and the frequency-selective component.
  • the ground plate may be a metallic plate or a plate with a conductive layer. It may have a number of forms, it may have a continuous planar form or it may form a plane with some portions being absent, such that a circumferential hollow shape is provided. Furthermore, where the ground plate consists of a conductive layer on a surface of another material such as a substrate, the conductive layer may cover the whole of the surface of the other material or it may just cover a portion of the surface.
  • the frequency-selective component maybe arranged to impede the flow of electric current within a first frequency band to an area of the conductive radiating surface such that this area is free or virtually of electric current within the first frequency band. This area of the antenna element does therefore not radiate at this frequency band.
  • said conductive radiating surface comprises a substantially planar surface and said at least one frequency-selective component is configured to impede a flow of electric current flowing on said planar surface by deflecting said electric current such that it does not flow through a portion of said radiating surface.
  • the frequency-selective component may act to deflect the electric current and in this way may cause an area of the planar surface to be substantially free from electric current in this frequency band.
  • the frequency-selective component can have a number of forms, in some embodiments it comprises at least one of a band-stop, high-pass, band-pass or low-pass frequency-selective component.
  • Such components may impede either a particular frequency band or all low frequencies, or high frequencies or it may allow a frequency band to pass while impeding other frequencies. Suitable selection of such components allows the electric current flowing on the radiating surface to be manipulated such that electric current in particular frequency band(s) are restricted from flowing in certain areas, producing an antenna element with different portions that radiate at different frequency bands.
  • said at least one frequency-selective component comprises a band stop or band pass frequency-selective component configured such that said component has a relative impedance frequency band of at least 5% at an impedance match level of 10dB.
  • the antenna element comprises at least two feed probes, at least one first feed probe for feeding a first input signal within a first lower frequency band and at least one second feed probe for feeding a second input signal within a second higher frequency band, said first feed probe feeding said first input signal to a location closer to a circumferential edge of said radiating surface than said second feed probe; and said at least one frequency-selective component being located between said first and second feed probe and being configured to impede an electric current from said second input signal and to allow an electric current from said first input signal, such that an inner portion of said radiating surface is configured to carry both said first and second input signals and said outer portion is configured not to carry said second input signal.
  • An antenna element that is configured to radiate a low-frequency signal generally needs to have a larger size than one that is configured to radiate a higher-frequency signal, owing to the longer wavelengths of the lower-frequency signal.
  • Embodiments of the present invention can radiate at higher and lower frequency bands by feeding the higher-frequency signal to an inner portion of the radiating surface and using frequency-selective components to confine this signal to the inner area of the radiating surface while allowing the lower-frequency signal to use the whole radiating surface. In this way, the radiating surface is used efficiently and radiates effectively at both the higher and lower frequencies.
  • the frequency-selective component can have a number of forms provided that it can act to impede electric current in certain frequency bands while allowing electric current in other frequency bands to flow, in some embodiments it comprises an inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit operable to resonate at a predetermined frequency.
  • LC inductor-capacitor
  • the inductor-capacitor circuit will be mounted close enough to the radiating surface to be electromagnetically coupled to it, so that electric current of the frequency close to the resonant frequency of the inductor-capacitor circuit is impeded as it causes resonance within this circuit causing a high-resistance path for current on the radiating surface at this frequency.
  • the frequency-selective component maybe a single inductor-capacitor circuit mounted on its own and acting to impede electric current on the radiating surface at a frequency band close to the resonant frequency of the inductor-capacitor circuit when it is electromagnetically coupled to the radiating surface
  • the two frequency-selective components are configured to resonate at different frequencies, such that mutual couplings among the two inductor-capacitor circuits and the radiating surface provide for a plurality of resonant frequencies and generate a stop band comprising these frequencies.
  • the stop bandwidth is increased, allowing the frequency-selective components to impede electric current in a relatively wide frequency band, making it an efficient multiple-band antenna element.
  • said frequency-selective component comprises at least one split-ring resonator.
  • the frequency-selective component may have a number of forms, in some embodiments it comprises one or more split-ring resonators.
  • two split-ring resonators are mounted on either side of the radiating surface and act to generate a stop band that is dependent on the resonant frequency of each of the resonators and the resonant frequency that is generated by them being electromagnetically coupled with each other and with the radiating surface. Where they have different resonant frequencies then a relatively wide frequency stop band comprising the different resonant frequencies can be generated.
  • the antenna element comprises, an antenna element comprising a plurality of frequency selective components mounted on or in proximity to said radiating surface, at least some of said frequency selective components being configured to impede electric current of different frequency bands, such that different portions of said radiating surface carry currents of different frequency bands.
  • said antenna element comprises, a multi-band antenna element comprising a plurality of feed probes for feeding input signals within a plurality of different frequency bands to said radiating surface, at least some of said plurality of frequency-selective components being configured to impede electric currents within at least some of said plurality of different frequency bands.
  • the multi-band antenna element will have several feed probes feeding input signals of different frequency bands, the frequency-selective components being configured to impede electric currents within at least some of these different frequency bands such that different portions of the radiating surface carry electric currents in different frequency bands.
  • some portions may just carry the low-frequency band signals while other portions may carry higher-frequency signals, and perhaps intermediate frequency signals.
  • the frequency-selective components are positioned asymmetrically at different points on the radiating surface. In this regard there is no requirement for them to be mounted symmetrically, each being able to act either independently or in concert to provide an area of radiation suitable for a particular frequency band.
  • said radiating surface comprises a single contiguous radiating surface.
  • a single contiguous radiating surface maybe used with frequency-selective components defining portions which carry electric currents within particular frequency bands.
  • said radiating surface comprises at least two portions, said at least one frequency-selective component being mounted at or close to a junction between said at least two portions, at least one of said portions comprising a substantially planar radiating surface area.
  • the different portions of the radiating surface which carry different frequency bands of electric current are separated by frequency-selective components which impede currents of one frequency band from flowing into the other portion.
  • at least one of the portions comprises a planar radiating surface area, this implementation being particularly applicable to planar antenna elements.
  • the antenna element comprises an inner portion comprising a continuous planar surface and an outer portion, said outer portion comprising at least two arms extending away from said continuous planar surface.
  • the inner portion may be a continuous planar surface and the outer portions may have different forms such as arms extending away.
  • the two portions will be separated by the frequency-selective components such that the lower-frequency band will have signals running along the arms and across the inner continuous planar surface while the higher-frequency signals will only operate in the continuous planar surface, the frequency-selective components confining them to this portion.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a planar or low-profile antenna comprising at least one antenna element according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the antenna comprises a plurality of antenna elements arranged in an array of antenna elements.
  • An antenna may be formed in an array of these antenna elements, each configured to support multi-band operation and in this way an antenna that can support multiple frequency bands can be provided in a cost-effective and space-efficient manner.
  • Antenna elements provide a single contiguous radiating surface of a radiator positioned above a ground plate or plane.
  • the radiator may be ungrounded - i.e., electrically floating above the ground plane - or it may be electrically connected to the ground plane at one or more locations.
  • One or more feed probes feeding a radio-frequency signal to the radiator are coupled to the radiator either by direct connection or proximity coupling.
  • the frequency-selective components are designed to control the flow of electric currents on the radiator surface; specifically, the frequency-selective components manipulate the way the electric currents of different frequencies flow on the radiator surface.
  • not all sections of the radiator carry electric currents of all frequency bands fed to the radiator by the feeding probes - e.g., some sections of the contiguous radiator may carry only a subset of the frequency bands, other sections may carry a different subset of the frequency bands (partially overlapping with the first subset or not), and yet other sections may carry all frequency bands supplied to the radiator.
  • the frequency-selective components may confine signals of certain frequency bands to certain portions of the radiating surface, while allowing signals of other frequency bands to flow over further portions of the surface or over the whole surface.
  • Embodiments of the present invention seek to provide an alternative to the electromagnetic-shielding structure between the lower- and higher-frequency component radiators in a hybrid radiating element by building lower- and higher-frequency component radiators as a single contiguous radiator and limiting the electromagnetic interference between the radiators by means of a small number of frequency-selective components judiciously located on or proximate to the contiguous radiator.
  • higher-frequency electric currents signals
  • lower-frequency electric currents use the entire contiguous radiator, i.e., a segment of the contiguous radiator carries both higher- and lower-frequency electric currents (signals). Since in some embodiments the full contiguous radiator carries lower-frequency electric currents, the entire structure of the radiating element can be applied to serve the lower-frequency functionality of the radiating element, thereby providing increased means for performance enhancement.
  • a single contiguous electrically-conducting radiator can be utilized to conduct electric currents of multiple frequency bands.
  • Frequency-selective components tuned to a number of different frequency bands and placed in the proximity of the contiguous radiating surface control the distribution of electric currents of different frequency bands to different sections of the radiating surface.
  • Such a system increases the utilization of the footprint available for the antenna and, at the same time, offers ample versatility to allow performance optimization for various requirements in various application scenarios.
  • a multi-band radiating antenna element as a single contiguous radiator and use frequency-selective components, either in the proximity to the radiator or directly integrated in the radiator, to manipulate the way the electric currents of different frequencies flow on the radiator surface.
  • FIGS 1-4 show an exemplary radiating antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the antenna element comprises a single contiguous metallic radiator 1 elevated over a metallic ground plane 2.
  • the ground plane 2 forms the top surface of a rectangular-shaped standard radio-frequency/ microwave substrate sheet material 9.
  • the radiator 1 is formed by joining a central radiator 1a with four circumferentially-mounted, sequentially-rotated identical radiators 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e placed in the corners of the substrate sheet material 9.
  • the central radiator 1a comprises an inverted-cup patch elevated over a grounded pedestal 12.
  • the central radiator 1a is fed by means of two feed probes 4a, 4b, which provide for operation with dual linear ( ⁇ 45°-slant) polarization.
  • the radio-frequency signal is brought to the feed probes 4a, 4b by conventional metallic microstrip lines 11a, 11b on the lower surface of the substrate sheet material 9 (see Figure 3 ).
  • the radiating element comprising the central radiator 1a, the feed probes 4a, 4b and the grounded pedestal 12 is designed to operate over the frequency band of 1.50-1.85 GHz.
  • the radiators 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e form two pairs of mutually-orthogonal arms: one pair is formed by radiators 1b and 1d, and the other pair is formed by radiators 1c and 1e.
  • Feed probes 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d feed the respective radiators 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e.
  • the radio-frequency signal is brought to the feed probes 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d by a conventional metallic microstripline signal-distribution network 10a, 10b on the lower surface of the substrate sheet material 9 ( Figure 3 ).
  • each frequency-selective component consists of a pair of metallic split-ring resonators etched on a standard radio-frequency/microwave substrate sheet material.
  • the function of the basic frequency-selective cell 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8 a, 8b can be described by means of a lumped-element model. Specifically, the equivalent model of a transmission line loaded by one split-ring resonator is depicted in Figure 5 .
  • L and C are the per-section inductance and capacitance of the transmission line, while the split-ring resonator is modelled as a resonant circuit - with inductance L SRR and capacitance C SRR - electromagnetically coupled to the transmission line through the mutual inductance M. Consequently each frequency-selective cell acts as a notch filter.
  • a band-stop filter is formed that encompasses the frequencies of the individual notch filters.
  • the design goal is to enlarge the filter's stopband to the extent that the stopband would ideally just about encompass the operating frequency band of the radiating element composed of the central radiator 1a, the feed probes 4a, 4b and the grounded pedestal 12.
  • the electric currents of the 1.50-1.85 GHz frequency band on the surface of the contiguous radiator 1 are confined to the central radiator 1a, while the electric currents of lower frequency bands are allowed to flow over the entire surface of the contiguous radiator 1.
  • metal refers to parts with electrically conducting surfaces; as such, the parts can be manufactured in several ways, e.g., as solid or sheet metals, electrically conducting plastics or metalized plastics.
  • FIG. 6 is the frequency-dependence plot 21 of the magnitude of the input reflection coefficient 22 of the complete radiating element when radio-frequency signal is fed to the input port of either of the signal-distribution networks 10a, 10b.
  • the radiating element has been designed for the operating frequency band of 650-870 MHz, which is delimited by the markers f 1 and f 2 in the plot 21.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show the typical plots 41 and 51 of the respective co- and cross-polarized far-field gain radiation patterns in the frequency band of 650-870 MHz of the radiating element in the E-, mid- and H-planes
  • Figures 10 and 11 show the typical plots 61 and 71 of the respective co- and cross-polarized far-field gain radiation patterns in the frequency band of 1.58-1.74 GHz of the radiating element in the E-, mid- and H-planes.
  • Good peak gain, co-polarized beam integrity and good polarization purity are observed throughout the two operating frequency bands.
  • the four intermediate fins are similar in shape to the outer fins and similarly have two input feed probes 40 and 42 which feed signals to two neighbouring intermediate fins. These signals are in an intermediate frequency band that is a higher frequency band than the signals input by feed probes 30 and 32 and they cannot pass through the low pass filters 20a, b, c, d and are thus, restricted from flowing to the outer fins.
  • Radiating surface 100 has a central region 103 with two input feed probes 50 and 52 for inputting a higher frequency signal.
  • the central region 130 is joined to the intermediate fins via four regions of radiating surface on which are mounted respectively band stop filters 22a, 22b,22c, 22d which stop the higher frequency signals input at the input feed probes 50 and 52 but allow the low frequency signals and intermediate frequency signals to pass.
  • the radiating surface 100 has a central portion which carries signals of all input frequencies, an intermediate portion which carries low frequency and intermediate frequency signals and an outer portion which only carries the low frequency signals.
  • the whole radiating surface acts as a radiating element for the low frequency signals input at probes 30 and 32, while the intermediate fins and central region act as a radiating element for the intermediate frequency signals input at probes 40 and 42, and the central region acts as a radiating element for the high frequency signals input at probes 50 and 52.
  • Figure 12 shows an example of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention that is configured to operate at three different frequency bands, further frequency bands could be supported using additional feed probes and frequency selective components configured to limit electric current of particular frequency bands to particular portions of the radiating surface.
  • any block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative circuitry embodying the principles of the invention.
  • any flow charts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, pseudo code, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable medium and so executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
EP14306083.8A 2014-07-03 2014-07-03 Élément d'antenne multibande et antenne Withdrawn EP2963736A1 (fr)

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EP14306083.8A EP2963736A1 (fr) 2014-07-03 2014-07-03 Élément d'antenne multibande et antenne

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EP2963736A1 true EP2963736A1 (fr) 2016-01-06

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Cited By (11)

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CN108736167A (zh) * 2018-04-02 2018-11-02 杭州电子科技大学 新型三维宽阻带低通频率选择结构
WO2019235297A1 (fr) * 2018-06-04 2019-12-12 日本電気株式会社 Résonateur en anneau fendu et substrat
WO2020016995A1 (fr) * 2018-07-19 2020-01-23 日本電業工作株式会社 Antenne, antenne réseau, antenne sectorielle et antenne dipôle
WO2020173540A1 (fr) * 2019-02-25 2020-09-03 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Structure d'antenne à double port
CN111883928A (zh) * 2019-05-02 2020-11-03 诺基亚通信公司 多频带天线装置
CN112186345A (zh) * 2020-09-17 2021-01-05 华南理工大学 一种基于谐振器型偶极子的三阶滤波基站天线
US10886632B2 (en) * 2018-10-18 2021-01-05 Wistron Neweb Corp. Antenna structure and electronic device
WO2021022695A1 (fr) * 2019-08-08 2021-02-11 武汉虹信通信技术有限责任公司 Unité de rayonnement et antenne
US11031687B2 (en) * 2018-08-27 2021-06-08 Kyocera Corporation Antenna, wireless communication module, and wireless communication device
EP3886256A4 (fr) * 2018-12-27 2022-01-05 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Structure d'antenne multibande
US20220109238A1 (en) * 2019-03-22 2022-04-07 Commscope Technologies Llc Dual-polarized radiating elements for base station antennas having built-in stalk filters that block common mode radiation parasitics

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Cited By (23)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108736167B (zh) * 2018-04-02 2020-07-07 杭州电子科技大学 新型三维宽阻带低通频率选择结构
CN108736167A (zh) * 2018-04-02 2018-11-02 杭州电子科技大学 新型三维宽阻带低通频率选择结构
CN112236902A (zh) * 2018-06-04 2021-01-15 日本航空电子工业株式会社 开口谐振环和基板
WO2019235297A1 (fr) * 2018-06-04 2019-12-12 日本電気株式会社 Résonateur en anneau fendu et substrat
WO2020016995A1 (fr) * 2018-07-19 2020-01-23 日本電業工作株式会社 Antenne, antenne réseau, antenne sectorielle et antenne dipôle
JP7016554B2 (ja) 2018-07-19 2022-02-07 日本電業工作株式会社 アンテナ、アレイアンテナ、セクタアンテナ及びダイポールアンテナ
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