EP2958401A1 - Circuit de commande de DEL et procédé associé à une commande de DEL - Google Patents

Circuit de commande de DEL et procédé associé à une commande de DEL Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2958401A1
EP2958401A1 EP14173071.3A EP14173071A EP2958401A1 EP 2958401 A1 EP2958401 A1 EP 2958401A1 EP 14173071 A EP14173071 A EP 14173071A EP 2958401 A1 EP2958401 A1 EP 2958401A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulse width
led driver
current
pwm
controlled current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14173071.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2958401B1 (fr
Inventor
Pekka Vuorio
Kimmo Lamminpää
Aku Moilanen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Helvar Oy AB
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Helvar Oy AB
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Publication date
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Priority to EP14173071.3A priority Critical patent/EP2958401B1/fr
Publication of EP2958401A1 publication Critical patent/EP2958401A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2958401B1 publication Critical patent/EP2958401B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to producing illumination with LEDs, and particularly to using a pulse width modulated LED driver for producing controlled illumination.
  • Illumination using LEDs is gaining popularity due to improved properties of the LEDs.
  • the brightness of the LEDs is controlled by controlling the current through the component.
  • Current can be controlled in linear manner, that is using a driver that provides continuous current to the LEDs.
  • the produced lightning may change its colour.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the current is controlled by changing the duty cycle of the PWM signal.
  • the current has a constant value, which is typically the nominal value of the LED current.
  • the average value or the effective value of the current is directly proportional to the duty cycle of the PWM signal.
  • PWM the LED lighting is dimmed by extending the time of Off-periods in PWM switching periods.
  • PWM switching period does not consist of just simple On- and Off-periods but may comprise periods of various non-zero current levels.
  • the PWM frequency should be selected to be so high that the human eye is not able to notice the Off-periods of the PWM signal.
  • the PWM frequency should be selected to be so high that the human eye is not able to notice the Off-periods of the PWM signal.
  • the changes in current level may become visible if they are too long.
  • Flicker may also become visible in an indirect way, in the form of the so-called stroboscopic effect of moving objects. Further disadvantageous consequences of flicker include for example the possible interference with the scanning frequencies of digital imaging devices.
  • the PWM frequency gets shorter as the PWM frequency gets higher. That is to say that for the same duty cycle the On- and Off- pulses in the switching period are shorter when the PWM frequency is higher.
  • the width of the On-pulse is 1% of the switching period. For example, if the PWM frequency is 1kHz, the On-pulse corresponding to 1% duty cycle is 10 ⁇ s. The requirement for short and accurate pulses leads to increased component and design costs, and therefore unnecessarily high PWM frequencies should not be selected.
  • An object of the present invention is thus to provide a method and an apparatus for implementing the method so as to solve the above problems.
  • the objects of the invention are achieved by a method and an apparatus which are characterized by what is stated in the independent claims. Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.
  • the invention is based on the idea of selecting the PWM frequency used in the LED driver based on the maximal dimming level set in the illumination system.
  • a maximal dimming level is set by the user or by a lighting controller, the driver selects a PWM frequency that is used throughout the set dimming range.
  • An advantage of the invention is that as the PWM frequency is selected based on the maximal dimming or minimum current level, the PWM frequency can be selected such that long enough switching period is secured in the lower end of the dimming range while still keeping the PWM frequency in such a high value that the adverse effects of low PWM frequency are avoided.
  • the construction of the driver can be kept simple as the PWM frequency is not changed during the actual dimming.
  • the used PWM frequency is selected from a set of PWM frequencies depending on the set lowest dimming value.
  • the frequencies can be taken into account in the design of the driver such that the driver operates efficiently in each selected PWM frequency.
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a PWM driver 10 for supplying power to one or more LED light source 11 comprising one or more LED illumination elements.
  • the PWM driver 10 comprises typically an input stage having active switch components.
  • the input stage used in the example of Figure 1 is an AC to DC converter 12 which produces DC voltage from an AC source.
  • the AC source is typically mains voltage and thereby the PWM driver is connectable to utility network.
  • the input stage may follow the topology of any known type of AC to DC converter, such as boost, flyback or buck converter.
  • the input stage also comprises a power factor correction circuit which operates such that current is drawn from the utility network in an optimal phase with reference to the voltage of the utility network.
  • the PWM driver of Figure 1 comprises further an output converter 13 which produces controlled current to the output of the PWM driver.
  • the output converter can produce constant current from the DC voltage produced by the input stage.
  • An example of the output converter is a buck converter, which is a step-down type converter.
  • the output converter is a switching converter which uses the DC voltage produced by the input stage to repeatedly make current through one or more inductive components increase and decrease, alternatingly storing and releasing energy, so that a DC output voltage of the PWM driver is achieved.
  • a nominal current of LED illumination sources is given as a reference for the output converter, and the converter operates to produce the set current.
  • the output current to the illumination sources may have a small ripple.
  • the ripple is, however, so small that it has no visible effect on the light output from the LED illumination sources.
  • the output current is pulse width modulated.
  • the pulse width modulation is applied such that during Off-periods of the PWM signal the current from the illumination sources is cut off and during the On-periods the current having a nominal value of the LED illumination sources is fed to the LED illumination sources.
  • the effective current to the illumination sources is controlled with PWM, the illumination from the LEDs is also controlled.
  • the PWM control can be obtained by using an Enable input in the output converter.
  • a converter, such as a buck converter can be produced using commercially available circuits.
  • a commercially available buck controller may have an input that enables the output of the circuit, i.e. allows the circuit to produce the switching pulses that are fed to the control electrode of a switch, such as the gate of a MOSFET. By controlling Enable input, the output of the converter circuit can be shut down for the Off-periods of the PWM signal.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of the method of the invention.
  • a controlled current is provided to an output of the LED driver for providing controlled illumination from a LED light source 21.
  • a pulse width modulator having a PWM frequency is employed to produce the controlled current 22.
  • the minimum level requested from the illumination is set prior to the actual use of the illumination. That is to say that the illumination system is preparatorily configured such that when a minimum illumination level is requested during use, the lighting is dimmed only to that set level.
  • the set illumination level may be, for example a certain percentage of the full lighting.
  • the user may configure the system that the minimum illumination level that will be used is for example 5% or 10 % of the full lighting. If such lower limit is not set, the dimming can go down to the lowest level of illumination that is technically possible to produce with a particular combination of driver and illumination sources.
  • the step of setting the minimum level requested from the illumination may take place repeatedly.
  • the illumination system of a theatre may be programmed to operate in accordance with the scenes and/or acts of the play, so that e.g. the minimum level requested from the illumination in one act differs from that requested in a subsequent act.
  • a controller of the illumination system may transmit a configuration command to all drivers in the illumination system at the end of the first act, instructing them to set a new minimum level before the next act begins.
  • the minimum value of the controlled current is set.
  • the minimum value of the controlled current is associated with the maximal dimming of the LEDs.
  • the minimum value of the controlled current as percentage of the nominal current is also the minimum value of the duty cycle of the PWM signal.
  • the LED driver may apply a correction table, a mapping function, or some corresponding means to select the appropriate shortest duration of the On-pulses corresponding to each desired value of maximal dimming.
  • the minimum value of the controlled current is obtained from a value that indicates desired maximal dimming (or desired minimum illumination level), given by the user of the illumination system.
  • This value is inputted as programming information typically when the illumination system is taken into use and/or programmed for scene sequences or other changes that should take place.
  • the programming may be carried out using any known programming means. For example in lighting systems implementing DALI protocol (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface), the programming may be carried out using a programmer that sends information to the LED drivers using a control bus 14. The programming may also be carried out at a central controller, which then sends the configuration commands to the LED drivers according to a programmed timetable. In the LED driver, the maximal value of dimming i.e. minimum value of current is stored as a parameter.
  • the LED driver comprises means adapted to set the PWM frequency of the pulse width modulator on the basis of the minimum value of the controlled current.
  • the minimum output current or lighting level when the minimum output current or lighting level is set, the minimum of the duty cycle of the PWM driver is also known.
  • the PWM frequency is set such that if the minimum output current or lighting level is low, the used PWM frequency is also low to enable producing the On-pulses of even the lowest duty cycle still with a reasonable length.
  • the set minimum lighting level is higher, a higher PWM frequency can be selected for the pulse width modulator, because even if this means a shorter switching period of the PWM signal, the shortest On-pulse that will be needed will still remain reasonably long.
  • the method comprises setting a minimum effective value of the controlled current 23, and setting the PWM frequency of the pulse width modulator on the basis of the set minimum effective value of the controlled current 24.
  • a microprocessor 15 receives a command indicative of a selected minimum lighting level. After receiving the command, the microprocessor selects a PWM frequency for the pulse width modulation.
  • the frequency may be selected e.g. by using a stored calculational formula, but according to an embodiment of the invention it is selected among a relatively limited set of selectable PWM frequencies by consulting a look-up table, for instance.
  • Such a look-up table consists of dimming limit values and corresponding PWM frequencies. Following Table 1 shows an example of such a look-up table. TABLE 1 Maximal dimming PWM frequency 1-4% 100 Hz 5-9% 200 Hz 10-14% 500 Hz 15-20% 800 Hz > 20% 1000 Hz
  • the implementation of pulse width modulation can be done using a microprocessor of the PWM driver.
  • the microprocessor receives the maximal value of the dimming, and based on the maximal value selects the PWM frequency that is used during the operation of the PWM driver.
  • the microprocessor generates the selected PWM frequency and based on the inputted dimming control changes the duty cycle of the pulse periods.
  • the microprocessor may also output the dimming information together with selected PWM frequency to a separate PWM circuit.
  • the output of the PWM circuit is connected to an enable input of the output converter such that flow of current is enabled from the output converter only during the On-periods of the PWM signal.
  • the pulse width modulated output current has an effective value that is directly proportional to the duty cycle.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
EP14173071.3A 2014-06-19 2014-06-19 Circuit de commande de DEL et procédé associé à une commande de DEL Active EP2958401B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14173071.3A EP2958401B1 (fr) 2014-06-19 2014-06-19 Circuit de commande de DEL et procédé associé à une commande de DEL

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14173071.3A EP2958401B1 (fr) 2014-06-19 2014-06-19 Circuit de commande de DEL et procédé associé à une commande de DEL

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2958401A1 true EP2958401A1 (fr) 2015-12-23
EP2958401B1 EP2958401B1 (fr) 2017-10-18

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6724158B1 (en) * 2002-10-28 2004-04-20 Honeywell International Inc. Power linearization technique for controlling the luminance of light emitting display devices
US20120217889A1 (en) * 2011-02-24 2012-08-30 Osram Sylvania Inc. Adaptive frequency control to change a light output level
US20120286686A1 (en) 2011-05-12 2012-11-15 Panasonic Corporation Lighting device for solid-state light source and illumination apparatus using same
US20130242622A1 (en) * 2012-03-14 2013-09-19 Marvell World Trade Ltd. Method and apparatus for starting up

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6724158B1 (en) * 2002-10-28 2004-04-20 Honeywell International Inc. Power linearization technique for controlling the luminance of light emitting display devices
US20120217889A1 (en) * 2011-02-24 2012-08-30 Osram Sylvania Inc. Adaptive frequency control to change a light output level
US20120286686A1 (en) 2011-05-12 2012-11-15 Panasonic Corporation Lighting device for solid-state light source and illumination apparatus using same
US20130242622A1 (en) * 2012-03-14 2013-09-19 Marvell World Trade Ltd. Method and apparatus for starting up

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2958401B1 (fr) 2017-10-18

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