EP2941726A1 - Procédé de simulation de rayonnement thermique entre des surfaces - Google Patents

Procédé de simulation de rayonnement thermique entre des surfaces

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Publication number
EP2941726A1
EP2941726A1 EP14701297.5A EP14701297A EP2941726A1 EP 2941726 A1 EP2941726 A1 EP 2941726A1 EP 14701297 A EP14701297 A EP 14701297A EP 2941726 A1 EP2941726 A1 EP 2941726A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
ray tracing
solid angle
grid
distance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP14701297.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jakob FAINBERG
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MAGMA Giessereitechnologie GmbH
Original Assignee
MAGMA Giessereitechnologie GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP14701297.5A priority Critical patent/EP2941726A1/fr
Publication of EP2941726A1 publication Critical patent/EP2941726A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/50—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
    • G06F9/5061—Partitioning or combining of resources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/20—Processor architectures; Processor configuration, e.g. pipelining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T15/00—3D [Three Dimensional] image rendering
    • G06T15/06—Ray-tracing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T15/00—3D [Three Dimensional] image rendering
    • G06T15/50—Lighting effects
    • G06T15/506—Illumination models
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T15/00—3D [Three Dimensional] image rendering
    • G06T15/50—Lighting effects
    • G06T15/55—Radiosity
    • G06T3/08—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T15/00—3D [Three Dimensional] image rendering
    • G06T15/005—General purpose rendering architectures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2210/00—Indexing scheme for image generation or computer graphics
    • G06T2210/52—Parallel processing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an associated algorithm for the calculation of the thermal surface radiation, and their application for simulating the influence of the thermally coupled surface radiation, with particular reference to
  • the invention therefore also relates to a method for discretizing a solid angle for use in a simulation or computation process for savings in computer time and consumed
  • the invention therefore relates to a method of ray tracing for use in a simulation or computation process to achieve acceleration and savings in computer time and used computer memory.
  • an unconventional method using Parallel Computing is used to accelerate a Ray Tracing calculation alone and in its combination with Anisotropic Chebychev Distance calculations and / or additional Acceleration proposed by Tile Association.
  • the invention relates to a method and an associated algorithm for the calculation of the thermal surface radiation, and their application for simulating the influence of the thermally coupled surface radiation, with particular reference to
  • the invention further relates to a method for simulating the influence of the thermally coupled surface radiation by calculating the radiative exchange between gray, diffuse surfaces, characterized in that the surface or surfaces to be irradiated is adaptively, hierarchically subdivided into radiation tiles of the same or nearly the same radiation intensity and by irradiation to calculate the resulting surface temperature by means of ray tracing as the sum of all partial amounts of the radiation tiles.
  • the invention further relates to a method as mentioned above wherein the solid angle is adaptively and hierarchically discretized into its partial areas by spherical projection.
  • the invention further relates to a method as mentioned above wherein the ray tracing procedure is accelerated. Further, the invention will be described in the context of other helpful methods and algorithms, which are described herein as parts of the method and algorithm for calculating surface thermal radiation, and their application for simulating the influence of thermally coupled surface radiation
  • the invention relates to a method for simulating the influence of thermally coupled surface radiation on a solid, which solid has at least one irradiable surface; by calculating the radiative exchange between gray, diffuse surfaces; characterized in that the surface or surfaces to be irradiated is adaptively subdivided hierarchically into radiation tiles of the same or nearly identical radiation intensity, and the surface temperature resulting from irradiation is effected by means of a hierarchical view factor method; which visual factors method the evaluation of a
  • Solid angle subdivision is subdivided into its subareas adaptively and hierarchically by spherical projection and wherein the sum of all partial amounts of that solid angle integral is to be determined by means of ray tracing.
  • the invention further relates to a method as stated above, after which ray tracing is accelerated, in particular after which ray tracing is accelerated by radiation tiling, after which ray tracing is accelerated by an anisotropic Chebychev distance method, and / or after that ray tracing by means of Parallel computing is accelerated.
  • the invention further relates to a computer software product on a computer readable
  • EP 1 667 069 A1 describes a method for determining the distribution of the local radiation intensity in a semitransparent medium by using ray tracing, wherein a significantly faster method with simultaneously less memory requirement for determining the distribution of the local radiation intensity in a semitransparent, at least one interface having medium was brought here. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
  • B the third plane, created from the second plane, see Fig. 4.
  • C Directional vectors from all three levels. Vectors from different levels are labeled with different symbols at the origin of the vectors, cf. with Fig. 4, 5.A, 5.B. The rays for all directions shown in Fig. 5.C are sent by the ray tracing method.
  • the scheme of ray tracing on the Cartesian grid It consists of the detection of a sequence of intersections with the orthogonal grid.
  • Example of a thermal result calculated with the radiation model for a precision casting project Example of a real application.
  • the quantities with the indices L and R in (1) characterize the thermal conductivities and gradients of the temperature correspondingly evaluated to the left and right of the surface.
  • the vector N is the normal vector of the surface.
  • Equation (2) must be solved in a thermally coupled model with surface radiation.
  • the net radiant flux consists of the difference between the absorbed and emitted radiant heat
  • the incident radiation flux is coupled by an integral to the outgoing radiation flux: (4).
  • q in f i> 0 (ÜN) q out d [l
  • the method of view factors replaces the integral in (4) with a sum over the contributions of the individual subdivisions of the radiating surface, for which the direct visibility is given by linear optics.
  • the areas of the numerical grating apply, and the combination of several adjacent areas of the grating in such radiating elements is also known according to the hierarchical view factor method.
  • the solid angle is often illustrated by a half unit sphere as shown in Figure 1.
  • a unit sphere is placed around the center of the radiating surface.
  • the surrounding visible radiating surface lattice is centrally projected onto the unit sphere.
  • the component of the projection onto the unit sphere parallel to the equatorial plane is equal to the respective visual factor.
  • the calculation of the visual factors is illustrated geometrically in Figure 1. To find out the value of a visual factor between surface j outside and surface i (shaded in gray in the picture), the visible part of surface j should first be projected onto the unit sphere around the center of surface i.
  • the calculation of the total integral (4) means the projection of the entire radiating grating onto the unit sphere, as illustrated in Fig. (1).
  • the complexity of the quadrature (4) is generally proportional to the square of the subdivisions of the radiating surface through the numerical grid. Therefore, the calculation in (4) can lead to excessive memory and computation, especially for large, complex geometries.
  • the geometric scheme of view factor method of Fig. (1) can be reversed, which in principle can lead to a smaller memory and computational effort.
  • the firmly impressed discretization of the solid angle is proceeded in the following.
  • a certain subdivision of the unit sphere around the center of the selected radiating surface i is performed independently of the numerical grid.
  • a central projection of this subdivision is performed on the surrounding grid.
  • the direction of the projection is indicated by arrows pointing upwards, compare with the reverse projection direction in the method of the visual factors in Fig. 1.
  • the projection of the center of each part of the solid angle is assigned to a radiating grating element, so that a mapping of the entire subdivision of the Solid angle on the radiating surface elements comes about.
  • the advantage of this method is that it eliminates the complicated geometric analysis of the occlusions. For each subdivision of the solid angle starting from the center of the surface, a single sample beam is sent. The beam direction corresponds to the center of the given part of the solid angle.
  • the method of subdividing the radiating surfaces is shown below by way of example by means of the currently used numerical grating in the program MAGMAsoft (MAGMA Foundry Technology GmbH). However, the method is in principle applicable to any type of lattice without limitation.
  • MAGMAsoft uses a tensor product grid.
  • the 3D grid consists of three systems of grid lines in 3 Cartesian spatial directions X, Y, and Z, which run through the entire model and put it into a cuboid embeds.
  • the grid thus consists of the orthogonal cuboid cells.
  • the numerical grid therefore consists of an orthogonal grid and is therefore completely predetermined solely by the material distribution over the grid cells in this grid and three rows of coordinates along the three Cartesian directions.
  • the individual radiating surfaces in the radiation model are found during initialization by material neighborhoods in the lattice.
  • a radiating surface is defined as a rectangular facet of a lattice cell with the normal vector in one of the 6 spatial directions + X, -X, + Y, -Y, + Z, -Z if one of the two conditions is met:
  • the facet separates two grid cells, one of which is covered with an opaque material and another with a transparent material.
  • the normal vector points towards the transparent one
  • the transparent material in MAGMAsoft is normally air, in which case only the heat conduction is calculated.
  • the facet separates two grid cells, one with an opaque material and another with the
  • a homogeneous subdivision of the unit sphere according to the visual factors is not unambiguous and can take place in innumerable ways.
  • the method chosen here additionally asks for a certain symmetry in the subdivision relative to the normal vector of the radiation tile and is easy to handle.
  • the unit sphere is first axially symmetric, starting from a circle at the north pole, divided into a series of radially successive rings. Subsequently, each ring is divided into a different number of ring segments in the azimuthal direction. Each segment is a spherical quadrilateral bounded by 2 azimuthal and 2 meridional coordinate lines (circular arcs) of the spherical coordinate system.
  • the number of subdivisions in individual rings form an arithmetic progression (see Fig. 3).
  • the subdivision can be completely parameterized by the number of rings n in the meridional direction and the number of azimuthal segments of the first ring at the north pole r. For every possible parameterization (n, r), there is a single solution for the meridional coordinates of the rings, so that each spherical segment can always be assigned the same visual factor:
  • N in (7) is the total number of divisions after the arithmetic progression
  • the number of subdivisions N and thus also the number of rays per one tile grows quadratically according to (7a) with the number of predetermined meridional rings n (see Fig. 4).
  • the segments in a ring of Fig. 3 can be rotated in the azimuthal direction by a free angle, so that a larger angular distance between the segments of the adjacent rings is formed.
  • the first plane represents the system of spatial directions generated according to equation (7), see Fig. 4.
  • the next plane is created by dividing each segment of the first plane by the double halving in the azimuthal and meridional directions, ie by a quarter ,
  • the exception is the first refinement of the circular area at the North Pole, which is divided into four azimuthal divisions in four spherical triangles. For further subdivisions, there are no exceptions, all spherical areas are refined as spherical squares, as described above. The four spherical triangles around the North Pole are treated as degenerate spherical quadrilaterals from the third level of refinement. Thereafter, the next finer level is further subdivided recursively according to the same rules. This results in a geometric progression of the number of rays on each next level. For k levels of refinement arise overall
  • the local adaptation of the angle discretization replaces such a list with sublists from all discretization levels.
  • the procedure is the following.
  • the radiation sources of the previous finer plane corresponding to the four quarters of the subdivided spherical quadrangle of the finer plane are examined.
  • the previously defined active sources of radiation from the 4 quarters become either replaced by a radiation source from the current spherical segment, or maintained.
  • any already defined radiation sources will be retained at the finer levels within the current spherical segment, the source from the current plane will be discarded.
  • the temperatures of the struck radiation tiles are compared.
  • sources of temperature come from the initial initialization of temperature for different materials. Otherwise, if the adjustment takes place dynamically during the thermal calculation, these are the currently calculated temperatures. If the absolute difference between the maximum and the minimum temperature with respect to the maximum temperature is less than the fixed limit, the already defined Radiation sources of the finer level also discarded and replaced by a source from the current level. Otherwise they will be retained.
  • Refinement level entered. If one of the sources is marked as "not refined,” then Source is included in the list of considered sources for the finer level, and entry is made only if the new source belongs to a surface of the opaque material, otherwise the visibility factor of the outer one will not hidden space by a constant value of the current space
  • the adapted angular discretization is chosen such that a compression of the representative radiation sources arises in the angular ranges, where a discontinuous dependence of the radiation intensity on the spatial direction is potentially to be expected.
  • the jump in radiation intensity occurs in the half-open cavities at a boundary between the hot opaque material and the open space.
  • One such jump is also caused by the thermal contrast of two opaque materials adjacent in angular space.
  • the materials labeled with different ID x s may either be in direct thermal contact along their boundary in the angular space, or partially obscure another.
  • the adapted discretization of the solid angle for the observed radiation tile is done in this way by the selection of the radiation sources.
  • the subdivided surface of the unit sphere can be used for the representation of angular discretization. It is covered completely and without overlapping by spherical segments from different refinement levels after adaptation.
  • FIG. 7 An example of the adjusted discretization of the solid angle is shown in Figure 7.
  • a visual factor of an H-shaped surface, shown in the figure on the top left, is to be approximated by ray tracing.
  • the number of beams is equal to 166, 664, and 2656 for the corresponding 1-e, 2-e, and 3-e discretization levels, so that a total of 3486 beams are sent for hemispheric scanning.
  • 218 beams After performing the geometric fit, 218 beams have been selected, which is smaller by a factor of 16 than at the finest level.
  • the spherical quadrilaterals of different planes are marked in the picture sorted in the direction of the refinement by their size.
  • the outgoing radiation fluxes, given by sources from different planes, must be weighted differently in the calculation of the incident radiation flux.
  • the terms q o ] ut in the inner sum are the contributions from the list of radiation sources of the respective discretization levels "level".
  • RAY TRACING A voxel-assisted ray tracing method with backward tracking of the rays is used.
  • a voxel supports the test of whether the ray hits an object in the given voxel.
  • a voxel is a cube-shaped volume where the information about geometric objects is contained in it.
  • a tensor product lattice offers itself as a raster consisting of the individual voxels. Each grid cell becomes a voxel.
  • the method according to the invention is not bound to the program MAGMAsoft but can be used for any voxel-based ray tracing method.
  • Backward tracking means that all rays from the tile receiving radiation are first sent out. The radiation sources hit by radiation are determined. However, the radiation sources physically send energy to the receiver. The energy reaches the tile in the "straight" path, which is the same as in Ray Tracing's ray path, so this is referred to as ray tracing with backward tracking.
  • the geometric objects that absorb and reflect the rays are the defined radiation tiles that are defined by the material neighborhood in the grid cells.
  • 3 ID x s of the tile Due to the structured nature of the numerical grid, it is sufficient to store 3 ID x s of the tile per grid cell.
  • the 3 IDs refer to x s on three possible tiles on the back, east, and north sides of the cell.
  • the information about the tile on three remaining sides of the cell Top, West and South can be taken from the neighboring cell.
  • the positive values are assigned to the real existing tiles on one side of the cell. The assignment takes place during the definition of the tile.
  • the entire once-defined bundle of the vectors which specify directions of individual rays, is centered around the normal vector of the respective tile. This is achieved by multiplying the vectors with a rotating matrix that is the central vector of the bundle in Cartesian direction + Z converted into the normal vector of the tile.
  • the ray tracing through the numerical grid consists of finding intersections between the continuation of the ray and the individual sides of the grid cell in which the ray is currently located (see Fig. 8).
  • Beam direction ⁇ given.
  • the intersection with the minimum distance from the current position of the beam is considered the next point on the beam.
  • the side of the cell with the minimum length to the point of intersection is searched, and the ray to the found
  • ID of the corresponding tile is queried on the side of the grid cell. ⁇ If ID equals a real tile, d. H. the
  • ID corresponds to a plane of symmetry with a Cartesian normal vector
  • the normal direction component to the plane of symmetry is inverted and the reflected beam is traced.
  • the ray tracing procedure in the next grid cell is repeated until the ray hits a tile or leaves the boundaries of the numerical grid. In the latter case, a fixed ID of the outer space is returned.
  • the planes of finely networked radiating surfaces often occur in the modeled geometries. They produce many radiant elements.
  • the calculation effort in the radiation modeling is linearly proportional to the number of radiation tiles with the presented model. Computing time can be saved if the fineness of the cross-linking provides the necessary resolution in the distribution of the integrated radiation flux
  • All radiation tiles have a Cartesian orientation in the current model.
  • the union of the neighbors is allowed if they are both in one plane and their grid cells have the same opaque material.
  • Clustering of the radiation tiles usually only occurs massively on flat surfaces.
  • the surface lattice is staged, which reduces the number of coplanar sides of the lattice cells.
  • the tiling in clusters consists of the following steps: • The list of grid cells belonging to a cluster radiation tile is stored in the data structure of a radiation tile.
  • the calculated incident radiant flux is the same for each member of the cluster resulting in localized smearing of the smog
  • the average incident radiation flux is included in the same way for each side of the grid cell from the cluster into the energy balance (2).
  • the ray tracing according to the voxel-based ray tracing method requires the visit of each transparent grid cell lying on the beam path, see Fig. 8.
  • the processing of many empty (ie transparent) cells can take a substantial part of the computation time, especially if the model is large Air-filled spaces or the fine networking in the spaces has.
  • a procedure would be the Ray Accelerate tracing that instantly "tunnel" a ray over a larger block of empty cells instead of visiting each grid cell hitting the road, and the information about the size of such empty cell blocks should be present.
  • Chebychev distance also called chessboard distance. It is about a distance measure for discrete objects such as grid cells, which is measured in whole numbers.
  • FIG. 10A shows the isotropic classical Chebychev distance.
  • the cells of equal distance around the zero distance zero-lined cells are arranged in a layer on the edge of a square.
  • Figure 10B shows the anisotropic Chebychev distance shown for the upper left quadrant. Accordingly, the anisotropic distance is defined exclusively only for the cells lying in this quadrant with respect to one of the null cells. Otherwise, it is measured the same way as the isotropic distance in Fig. 10A.
  • the considered directions (quadrant) are marked in both cases with red arrows in the zero cells. It is noticeable that the anisotropic distance reaches greater values than the isotropic distance.
  • Chebychev distance makes steps in ray tracing adaptive, depending on the current one Make distance to a surface. If the current position of the tracked beam is far from the nearest surface, the jump in the grid will also be correspondingly large. As the beam approaches a surface, the Chebychev distance decreases, and so does the jump magnitude. The closer a beam comes to the surface, the slower its movement becomes.
  • the isotropic classical Chebychev distance is measured in relation to the labeled grid cells with the distance zero. Such cells are referred to below as null cells.
  • the cells of equal Chebychev distance from a selected null cell are arranged in square layers around the null cell.
  • the distance is obtained by searching for the not yet marked grid cells. If, at the end of the first step of the algorithm, all next cells from the first layer with a distance equal to 1 are found and marked, the next layer is occupied by distance 2. For this, all unmarked cells with direct neighbors or neighbors are searched for "over edge" with distance 1. The same applies to the other layers until no cells without a defined distance are found.
  • this dependence is not compulsory and can be optimized if, when occupying each next layer of the cells with distance, only the previously found and temporarily stored grid cells with a distance i be processed. Only their neighboring cells are examined. This propagates the front of the last found "active" cells, but it assumes that write access to the outer cells of the stencil is possible, so it enforces restrictions on parallelization through area decomposition.
  • the determination of an octant is conditional on the use of the anisotropic distance in the ray tracing. It is first checked in which
  • the value of the anisotropic distance in an octant is often larger than in the isotropic one, see Figs. 10A and 10B.
  • the probability that a null cell lies in an octant cube of the grid is smaller than in the isotropic case where the corresponding cube is composed of 8 such octants. Therefore, ray tracing can make larger cracks in the grid.
  • Ray tracing which is an extra 96 bytes per grid cell for the type "int" of the distance.
  • distances are taken with the type "unsigned char” in this method.
  • This type allows a maximum size of the distance of 128 grid cells. Theoretically, larger values can occur in one application. Because of this, the assignment of the distances in their calculation is interrupted after reaching the layer with value 128, and the remaining unoccupied transparent cells are assigned the same value of 128. This limits the maximum possible length of a jump in the grid during ray tracing.
  • the null cells are defined as the opaque cells with defined radiation tiles and the cells at the outer edge of the numerical grid in contact with a transparent cell.
  • the additional cost of Chebychev distance ray tracing is to determine the discrete position of the beam after the jump over a block of grid cells.
  • the coordinates of the point of intersection can be similarly calculated according to Equations (9). Instead of the Cartesian coordinates on the edge of the grid cell X L , however, the coordinate at the edge of the octant cube, which is the coordinate of a more distant grid cell is the same.
  • the indices of the cell hit after the jump in 3 Cartesian directions are unknown. They are determined according to the binary search algorithm.
  • the index in the grid at the intersection is calculated from an equidistant Grid in the cube estimated in each direction. Then the coordinate comparison checks whether the found intersection point lies in the estimated index cell. If not, the corresponding half of the Chebychev distance interval is further halved. The procedure is repeated recursively in this way until the found index of the cell belongs to the intersection.
  • the Chebychev distance provides a considerable acceleration of the process, especially for models where a lot of space is occupied by transparent material.
  • the global grid model is created in the first section.
  • the grid data from the entire grid is communicated to all CPUs.
  • three rows of coordinates are communicated in three Cartesian directions.
  • a transparency flag of each grid cell is determined by root and communicated to all CPUs in a numeric field of type "unsigned char.” This data is sufficient to perform ray tracing on the tensor product grid independently on each CPU.
  • the symmetry limits in the thermal model are also considered here.
  • AN M1N (N 1 - N av , N 2 - N av ).
  • the indices of the transferred tiles and the ID x s of CPUs acceptors are saved each time. 4. Step 3 is repeated until it is no longer possible to balance the tiles between the CPUs.
  • the local data about the location of the radiation tiles in the grid are communicated from the CPUs donors to the CPUs acceptors.
  • the CPUs acceptors receive a list of the imported tiles to be processed in addition to the list of their own tiles.
  • the lists of custom tiles to be edited on the CPUs donors are trimmed accordingly.
  • each beam independently sends each beam from its own original tiles to be processed, finds the radiation sources, and stores the selected sources according to their geometric and thermal adaptation.
  • the storage of the radiation sources takes place in this step directly into the data structure of the own radiation tiles.
  • the CPUs acceptors return the found radiation sources of the imported tiles to the CPUs donors.
  • the MPI communication is asynchronous, and with an irregular distribution of tiles, each donor may have multiple acceptors and each acceptor may have multiple donors.
  • the radiation sources received from the donor are written into the data structure of their own tiles in this step just after receiving from a CPU acceptor. 5.
  • data that is no longer needed such as chebychev distances and communication buffer, is deleted., THERMAL CALCULATION
  • the Gauss-Seidel iteration is used for the calculation of the absorbed
  • the advantage is that the Gauss-Seidel iteration on each CPU is done only for the local radiant tiles.
  • the summation of the outgoing radiation fluxes according to the multi-level method according to equation (8) includes the contributions of all tiles determined by ray tracing, also from other CPUs.
  • the global outgoing radiation flows can be indexed in an array after the global index, where before each pass of the Gauss-Seidel loop, the outgoing flows from all the local tiles are communicated to the global array.
  • the above-presented model of thermally coupled surface radiation for diffuse gray radiators may find application in many engineering processes where voids or semi-transparent materials and high temperatures are present.
  • the attractive side of the process is the ease and very short computation time, in which the most demanding tasks in the modeling of the long-range effect of the thermal radiation are processed.
  • the method given here for discretizing a solid angle for use in a simulation process is to be considered in its application not only in connection with thermally coupled surface radiation, but can also be used in other calculation and simulation processes where acceleration and savings of computer time and used computer memory, such as For example, rendering computer software (rendering software) in general and computer games in particular or scientific imaging tools is of importance.
  • the method of ray tracing given here for use in a simulation process is equally applicable in its application not only in connection with thermally coupled surface radiation, but can also be used in other calculation and simulation processes where acceleration and savings of computer time and used computer memory, such as For example, rendering computer software (rendering software) in general and computer games in particular or scientific imaging tools is of importance.
  • the unconventional method of parallel computing proposed here for accelerating a ray tracing calculation alone and in combination with anisotropic chebychev distance calculations and / or additional acceleration by tile union is not known to the inventor of the prior art.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la simulation de l'influence d'un rayonnement de surface couplé thermiquement, sur un solide présentant au moins une surface pouvant être irradiée, par calcul de l'échange radiatif entre des surface grises diffuses, caractérisé en ce que la ou les surfaces à irradier sont divisées hiérarchiquement, de façon adaptative, en surfaces rayonnantes d'intensités de rayonnement identiques ou quasi identiques, et la température de surface obtenue par rayonnement est déterminée au moyen d'un procédé hiérarchique à facteurs de forme, les procédés à facteurs de forme comprenant l'évaluation d'une intégrale d'angle solide au moyen d'une division d'angle solide primaire, la division d'angle solide primaire comprenant une discrétisation homogène des facteurs de forme, la division d'angle solide étant discrétisée dans ses sous-parties de façon adaptative et hiérarchique par projection sphérique et la somme de toutes les valeurs partielles de cette intégrale d'angle solide étant déterminée par lancer de rayon.
EP14701297.5A 2013-01-07 2014-01-07 Procédé de simulation de rayonnement thermique entre des surfaces Ceased EP2941726A1 (fr)

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EP14701297.5A EP2941726A1 (fr) 2013-01-07 2014-01-07 Procédé de simulation de rayonnement thermique entre des surfaces

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EP13000047 2013-01-07
EP14701297.5A EP2941726A1 (fr) 2013-01-07 2014-01-07 Procédé de simulation de rayonnement thermique entre des surfaces
PCT/EP2014/050176 WO2014106670A1 (fr) 2013-01-07 2014-01-07 Procédé de simulation de rayonnement thermique entre des surfaces

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CN (1) CN104956370B (fr)
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KR20150104577A (ko) 2015-09-15
WO2014106670A1 (fr) 2014-07-10
CN104956370B (zh) 2020-02-18
KR102177554B1 (ko) 2020-11-12
CN104956370A (zh) 2015-09-30
US10970429B2 (en) 2021-04-06

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