EP2939498A2

EP2939498A2 - Radiant heater comprising a heating tube element

Info

Publication number: EP2939498A2
Application number: EP13827002.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Robert Messmer
Original assignee: HAIMERL HELMUT; Keussen Lars; WITTMANN ZHANG QIXING; Wittmann-Zhang Qixing
Current assignee: HAIMERL HELMUT; Keussen Lars; WITTMANN ZHANG QIXING; Wittmann-Zhang Qixing
Priority date: 2012-12-28
Filing date: 2013-12-20
Publication date: 2015-11-04
Anticipated expiration: 2033-12-20
Also published as: DE102012025299A1; WO2014102013A9; EP2939498B1; US20150341988A1; EP3261407A1; EP3261407B1; WO2014102013A3; AU2013369595B2; WO2014102013A2; AU2013369595A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a radiant heater (1) comprising a heating tube element (2). The heating tube element (2) has a heating tube (3) that is permeable to infra-red radiation, or is transparent or semi-transparent. The heating tube (3) is located in a focus area of a reflector having at least one focussing curvature (4). The at least one heating tube element (2) is located in a housing (6) comprising at least one front face (7) that is transparent or semi-transparent to infra-red radiation. The housing (6) has an edge face and a rear face (8, 9) that shield against infra-red radiation. The at least one heating tube element (2) has a plurality of carbon fibres (10) inside the heating tube (3), said fibres forming a dimensionally stable infra-red heating spiral (11) of carbon cord (12) and the reflector is an infra-red reflector (5) adapted to the infra-red spectrum of the heating tube element (2).

Description

description

Radiant heater with heating tube element

The invention relates to a radiant heater with Heizrohrelement. The heating tube element has a heating tube that is transparent or semitransparent for infrared rays. The heating tube is arranged in a focus area of a reflector having at least one focusing curvature. The at least one heating tube element is arranged in a housing with at least one front which is open for infrared rays or transparent or semitransparent.

Such radiant heater is from the document

DE 39 03 540 AI known. In this case, the reflector of the orientation of the heat radiation is used to an open front side of the housing.

The heating tubes used in the known radiant heater are not described in detail in the above document and can as infrared radiators have a heating element made of carbon fibers, as is known from the document EP 1 168 418 Bl. The known heating element of carbon fibers is arranged in a quartz tube, wherein the carbon fibers have the shape of a helix of a carbon ribbon. Such a coil of a carbon fiber carbon fiber has the disadvantage that it shadows the reflector broadband, so that the shaded area of the reflector can not contribute to the reflection of the infrared rays towards the open or infrared transparent or infrared-transparent front of the radiant heater. The object of the invention is to provide an improved radiant heater which makes better use of the infrared radiation of carbon fibers. This object is achieved with the subject matter of independent claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

An embodiment of the invention has a radiant heater with heating tube element. The heating tube element has a heating tube that is transparent or semitransparent for infrared rays. The heating tube is arranged in a focus area of a reflector having at least one focusing curvature. The at least one heating tube element is arranged in a housing with at least one front which is open for infrared rays or transparent or semitransparent. The housing has infrared rays shielding edges and backs. The at least one heating tube element has within the heating tube on a plurality of carbon fibers forming a dimensionally stable infrared heating coil of a carbon cord, wherein the reflector is adapted to the infrared spectrum of the Heizrohrelements infrared reflector.

This radiant heater has the advantage of reduced shadowing of the infrared reflector compared to a radiant heater with a heating tube element which has a carbon ribbon, since the carbon fibers form a dimensionally stable infrared spiral of a carbon cord. A carbon cord does not shade the infrared reflector broadband, since the cross section of the carbon cord is round or circular and thus a coil of carbon cord allows greater reflective spaces between the turns of the coil than a broadband shielding the infrared reflector coil of a carbon ribbon. In another embodiment of the invention, the carbon string of the infrared heating coil may comprise laid, knitted, braided, knitted or woven carbon fibers or another form of interconnection of the carbon fibers with each other. The braided connection of the carbon fibers is of particular advantage because it combines the carbon fibers in a confined space and thus ensures the dimensional stability of an infrared heating coil made of a braided carbon cord reliably and long-lasting.

Furthermore, it is provided that the infrared heating coil in an operating state infrared radiation of an infrared wavelength with a maximum in a transition region between see an IR-A and IR-B has. Here, in this connexion to ^¬ under a transition area, an infrared wave length Ä ^¬ _R is between 1.2 μιτι -SA _R μιη to understand 2.4, so that the limit of 1.4 μπι between the short wavelength Infrarotbe ^¬ rich IR-A and the medium-wave infrared range IR-B, which is characterized by the absorption line of the infrared spectrum for water ^¬ molecules, in the transition region is ^¬ closed.

In a further embodiment, the position of the maximum of the infrared radiation of the infrared heating spiral is ensured in this transition region because the carbon fibers of the infrared heating coil have an operating temperature T _B between 1400 ° C. <Ί _Β <1800 ° C., preferably between

1500 ° C ^ T _B ^ 1750 ° C, and more preferably between

1580 ° C <> T _B <1620 ° C have. This will be explained in more detail with the diagram in the attached Figure 1. In order to radiate the carbon fibers of the carbon cord of the dimensionally stable infrared heating coil in the specified temperature ranges, in a further embodiment of the invention He end portions of the infrared heating coil of metal transition elements preferably made of nickel enclosed. The metal transition elements merge into molybdenum bands, which in turn are electrically connected to through-contacts of gas-tightly closed ends of the heating tube.

Thus, via the vias a corresponding supply voltage of usually 100 V to 230 V to the infra rotheizspirale be made of carbon fibers, which compared to strip-shaped carbon fibers (flake) has the advantage that the upstream voltage regulation, as th in Heizelemen with strip-shaped carbon fibers (Flake ) and power control as required by Halogenheizstrahlern can be omitted.

Especially since due to the negative temperature coefficient of the heating resistor of carbon fibers, the operating temperature in a few seconds, preferably between 1 to 3 seconds, it is enough, which is why the above-mentioned transition region of the infrared radiation according to the invention also partially protrudes into the broader range of fast infrared mean waves of the IR spectrum, as Figure 1 illustrates.

In another embodiment of the invention, the heating tube has a quartz glass which is transparent to infrared rays in the transition region from IR-A to IR-B and has a transparency coefficient T _r of at least T _r ^ 0.99. At the same time this means that the sum of the reflection coefficient and the absorption coefficient of the transparent quartz glass in the infrared ray transition region of IR-A to IR-B <0.01.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the infrared ray heating tube in the transition region from IR-A to IR-B has a semi-transparent quartz glass with a frosted or particle-blasted opaque outer surface. In this case, the visible part of the infrared heating coil will appear to be diffuse, reducing the amount of visible light from the infrared heating coil outside the heating tube and preventing glare of the eyes, as is common with halogen heaters. In this case, the absorption coefficient of the quartz tube increases slightly, so that the transmission coefficient can drop to 0.90.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a reflective and curved surface of the infrared reflector towards the infrared spiral has reflective layers of metal oxides, preferably of Al ₂ O _3, with a reflection coefficient R of between 0.85 and 0.98, preferably between

0.92 ^ R <0.98 for infrared rays of infrared wavelength X _R between 1.2 pm <A _R ^ 2.4 μπ \ in the transition region from IR-A to IR-B and up to IR-C.

The advantage of such Metallloxidverspiegelungsschichten is that the reflection coefficient R decreases both before the preferred infrared wavelength range, but in the entire interesting infrared transition wave range to the long wavelength range, which is used according to the invention, this high adapted to the transitional wave range reflection coefficient R has, as it attached diagram of Figure 3 shows. In a further embodiment of the invention, the curvature of the infrared reflector has segment strips stamped on edge sections of the infrared reflector, which are pressed into a sheet metal of an aluminum alloy with an infrared-reflecting coating in a stepwise manner. This has the advantage that it creates embossed longitudinal beads between the segment strips, which produce increased dimensional stability over the entire length of the infrared reflector. On the one hand, the segment strips support the alignment of the reflection, and on the other hand, an orientation of the edge regions on the open or infrared-transparent or infrared-transparent front of the housing of the radiant heater is intensified.

In another embodiment of the invention, the infrared reflector is arranged directly on the heating tube and has oxide ceramic layers. For this purpose, preferably on the heating tube made of quartz glass an oxide ceramic layer, MgO, Si0 ^2, A1 ² 0 ³ is arranged which, with its reflection coefficient R in the above-mentioned range for the Infrarotwellenlängenüber- transition area between IR-A to IR-B, and up to IR C lies.

Such a heating tube with preferably an infrared reflector on the heating tube itself can be surrounded in another embodiment of the invention by an infrared ray-transparent or semi-transparent protective tube. Such a protective tube has a minimum temperature resistance of ^ 1200 ° C, so that in an implosion or breakage of the Quarzheizrohres the environment and in particular the radiant heater housing construction is protected.

Furthermore, it is provided that, between the protective tube and a protective tube, the protective tube is partly surrounded by edges and backsides. Benden housing an air convection is arranged. This air convection duct advantageously ensures on the one hand that the housing which partially surrounds the radiant heater or the protective tube is cooled, and on the other hand makes it possible to dispense the absorbed energy of the air and moisture molecules of the surroundings of the radiant heater to be heated.

In one embodiment of the invention, which includes an infrared reflector spaced from the heating tube, an air convection channel is disposed between the infrared reflector and a surrounding housing having openings for ambient air having different geodetic heights in mounting arrangements of the radiant heater, through which cooling air convection along a curved outer surface of the infrared reflector and an inner surface of the housing spaced from the outer surface.

For this purpose, elongate slots are arranged between the edge sides of the housing and the edge regions of the infrared reflector, the infrared reflector itself being held in a floating manner by resilient rubber-elastic silicone profile pieces in the edge sides of the housing. In addition, a perforated sheet metal strip is arranged along the housing half-shells between two housing halves, via which air convection can take place between the longitudinal slots of the elongate slots and the perforated metal sheet strip between the two housing shells. The housing half-shells can have tailor-made production lengths of extruded aluminum profiles.

Furthermore, it is provided that the inner surface of the housing has rib-shaped bulges, which are used to trigger Air vortex protrude into the Luftkonvektionskanal. This has the advantage that the cooling exchange of heat between the reflector back and the inside of the housing surrounding the infrared reflector is intensified.

In a further embodiment, the housing has two extruded aluminum half shells with a structured inner surface, wherein the half shells are connected in a form-fitting manner to a rear side of the housing via at least two connecting pieces of an extruded connection profile. For this purpose, it is provided that at least from the end faces of the housing half-shells of the extruded connection profile pieces can be inserted into corresponding receiving pockets on the inside of the aluminum half-shells. B a mounting of end covers, the end covers on fixing elements of the housing halves can be fixed.

As already mentioned above, the perforated metal strip is arranged on the rear side of the housing between the two extruded aluminum half-shells and the connecting pieces. For this purpose, the transitions of the aluminum half-shells corresponding elongated guide grooves, in which the perforated sheet metal strip can be inserted.

Furthermore, it is provided that the at least one open or transparent or semitransparent front side of the housing has a front cover which is covered by a high-temperature-resistant, white or colored or intransparent dark brown or black appearing front glass panel in the visible light spectrum. This front glass panel, which appears white or colored or intransparent dark brown or black in the visible light spectrum, is in the infrared transition region between the IR-A and the IR-B highly transparent with a transparency coefficient of ^ 0.9, although they are in the visible range very much in the white-appearing embodiment and slightly lower in the seemingly colored front glass plate a little more the energy of the entire visible spectrum absorbs by absorption and reflections and predominantly converts into thermal energy.

In this case, the at least one transparent to infrared rays or semitransparent front of the housing a

Have air convection between the visible in the visible light spectrum white or colored or intransparent front glass plate and directed to the Heizrohrelement inner wall of the infrared reflector. For this purpose, the Luftkonvekti- onskanal between the front glass plate and the inner wall of the infrared reflector having an air inlet opening and an air outlet opening in the form of longitudinal slots. This air convection duct is used to cool the white or colored or intransparent black front glass panel, which is only suitable for long-term service temperatures up to 800 ° C.

In addition, it is possible alternatively to provide a viewing and access guard to provide visibility or glare or weather or access protection in itself open front side of a radiant heater. The protective grid may preferably comprise a stainless chromium / nickel iron alloy or an anodized aluminum alloy sheet having high dimensional stability and high weather resistance.

Furthermore, it is provided that the front of the radiant heater can be covered by an infrared-absorbing front cover, wherein the material of the front cover the Absorbed infrared rays of the medium IR wavelength of the Kohlenstoffheizspirale and converts into a long-wave IR-C radiation. IR-C radiation is also referred to as far-infrared radiation or long-wave infrared radiation. The front cover forms in cooperation with preferably several infrared heater tube elements a fast dark radiator, which can be used well protected in household, trade and industry both inside and outside and is suitable for a safe, plan installation in conventional ceiling structures.

For this purpose, a quartz tube with Karbonheizspirale can be used as infrared heater tube, which is partially covered by an oxide ceramic reflector, wherein additionally within the housing of the radiant heater, a heat shield of reflector material having a focus region having curvature of an infrared reflective alumina material, with a Luftkonvektionskanal between the back of the Infrared reflector and the edge and rear sides of the housing is arranged and ensures safe and low system temperatures.

On the inside of the structured front cover is arranged a structure with bulges, which allow efficient heat absorption of the infrared spectrum of the infrared radiation of the carbon heating spiral. On the outer surface of the structured front cover longitudinal ribs are arranged, which form an aluminum heating profile with efficient heat radiation for the IR-C radiation area to the room air. Such a Dunkelheizstrahler can be equipped with a three-stage circuit for coarse adjustment of the heat output to be delivered and also have a sensitive temperature control for space or external heating. For this purpose, it is provided that the radiant heater has a receiving and control module on boards or on printed circuits in the housing of the radiant heater, which is in wireless communication with a portable control device.

For this purpose, the portable control unit may have at least one power level switch and a continuously variable temperature controller and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor detects a temperature actual value of the environment to which the radiant heater is directed. In this case, the temperature controller is designed such that it regulates the ambient temperature to an adjustable temperature on the control unit temperature setpoint.

Furthermore, it is provided that the radiant heater has guide rails on its rear side, in which fastening elements are arranged.

For this purpose, the fastening elements can slidably slide for adjustable fixation of a retaining arm in the guide rails, wherein the retaining arm is provided for wall, ceiling or stationary fixing of the radiant heater with orientation towards an environment to be heated or heated.

Furthermore, it is provided to arrange a Heizstrahlerpilz on a stand and equip at least one annular Heizrohrelement with an annular infrared reflector of a radiant heater. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the Heizstrahlerpilz two annular carbon fiber heating elements with a very short reaction time of 2 to 3 seconds and a high radiation efficiency> 93% for the heating of air humidity and the surfaces with low penetration depth with very long life he> 10000 hours of carbon heating coil and quartz tube with frosted surface to create a pleasant, diffused, visible light. In this case, the stand can be adjusted in height and protrude into a central receptacle of Heizstrahlerpilzes. The foot of the stand can be designed such that a height-adjustable telescopic rod projects into a central receptacle of the stand base.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that an enveloping structure simultaneously spreads colored light and infrared heat radiation in an environment, the enveloping structure having a radiant heater of the type described above. Such envelope structures, which are transparent to both colored light and infrared heat radiation, can have different, mushroom-like, columnar or spherical contours, which, in particular due to the carbon heating coil of the infrared heating tubes in the preferred region, the transition between IR-A to IR-B a warm, to spread visible light color in outdoor areas of terraces or interior areas of living spaces.

In addition, it is provided that an infrared radiator has a radiant heater of the type described above. For this purpose, the infrared radiator can be arranged in a housing, wherein the air to be heated in at least three Luftkonvekti- onskanälen flows convectively through the Infrarotradiatorgehäuse and heats moisture and air molecules and partitions and inner walls of the Infrarotradator housing. An air convection channel located in the immediate vicinity of the infrared heating tubes is particularly effective, since the preferred infrared ray region in the transition region between IR-A and IR-B includes the water absorption line forming the beginning of the IR-B region, and thus moisture humidification. In this Luftkonvektionsbereich leküle be heated up quickly and intensively and heat the air flowing out of corresponding openings of the infrared radiator air in a few seconds.

On the other hand, within the infrared radiator to transfer the radiant energy from the transition region between IR-A to IR-B in a room air-heating IR-C of the remote infrared spectrum, the infrared radiator between walls with a highly effective radiation uptake, which ensures after the beam conversion that Also, the outer contour of the infrared radiator in a permissible surface temperature range can give off heat to the room air.

Furthermore, it is provided that a heating fan is equipped with a radiant heater in a further embodiment of the invention. For this purpose, the fan heater on at least one ring or U-shaped heating tube element with ring or U-shaped adapted carbon heating on. A fan is so au the radiant heater with ring or U-shaped Heizrohrelement aligned that the air and moisture molecules of the Inf ^¬ rarotstrahlung of at least one ring or U-shaped Heizrohrelements of the infrared radiation in the inventive transition region of IR-A IR-B radiation are heated.

Again, the advantage of the rapid Inf rarotstrahlungsabsorption in the range of 1.4 μπι the infrared spectrum is used, in which the moisture molecules of the ambient air are heated by the Karbonheizspirale at the above temperatures in a few seconds and in the air flow of the blower with the Air molecules to heat the up to heating air flow depending on the speed setting or speed control of the blower. In such a fan heater heating tube elements are preferably used with carbon spirals in quartz tubes, wherein the

Quartz tubes are partially coated with an oxide ceramic reflector. The heat energy is absorbed by the efficient IR radiation of the hot heating tube elements from the air flowing through outside the fan heater.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an infrared wavelength spectrum; Figure 2 shows a schematic cross section through a

End portion of an infrared heater tube element;

FIG. 3 shows, with FIGS. 3A and 3B, diagrams of reflection coefficients as a function of the infrared wavelength for three different qualities

QI to QIII of anodized aluminum sheets;

Figure 4 shows a schematic cross section through an elongated infrared reflector;

FIG. 5 shows, with FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C, a schematic cross section through a radiant heater according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 6 shows schematically with Figures 6A, 6B and 6C

Cross sections through a radiant heater according to a second embodiment of the invention; FIG. 7 shows in FIG. 7A a schematic cross section through the radiant heater according to FIG. 6 along a section line AA, which is shown in FIG. 7B; FIG. 8 shows, with FIGS. 8A and 8B, schematic views of a radiant heater in wall mounting and in ceiling mounting;

FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of radiant heaters on a height-adjustable stand;

Figure 10 shows a schematic view of a radiant heater in mushroom shape; Figure 11 shows a schematic cross section through the

Radiant heater mushroom according to Figure 10 in detail;

FIG. 12 shows, with FIGS. 12A and 12B, a radiant heater according to FIG. 11 as a vertical heating radiator and as a ceiling radiator and with FIGS. 12C, 12D and

12G transparency curves for different glass qualities of a front glass panel;

FIG. 13 shows, with FIGS. 13A and 13B, a heating beam 1 with an enveloping structure in the form of a lampshade, in combination with an auxiliary heater / standard lamp and with a ceiling heater / ceiling lamp

Figure 14 shows schematically with Figures 14A and 14B

Cross sections through an infrared heater tube element; FIG. 15 shows schematically with FIGS. 15A and 15B

Cross sections through an infrared heater tube element with applied infrared reflector; Figure 16 shows a schematic cross section through a compact radiant heater according to another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram with remote-controlled power setting and temperature control of a radiant heater by means of a portable control device;

FIG. 18 shows an interaction of a control and temperature control module integrated in a radiant heater with a freely positionable temperature sensor unit and a portable control unit;

FIG. 19 shows a schematic cross section through a further embodiment of the radiant heater as a dark radiator;

FIG. 20 schematically shows FIGS. 20A and 20B

Cross sections through an infrared radiator according to another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 21 shows a schematic cross-section of an intermediate wall in the infrared radiator according to FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 shows, with FIGS. 22A and 22B, schematic views of a heating fan with an infrared heater in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention. Figure 1 shows a diagram of an infrared wavelength spectrum with wavelengths A _R on the abscissa and radiation intensities in relative units on the ordinate. The shown infrared wavelength range between

0, 78 μπι ί λ _Η ^ 5 μιη is usually divided into a near infrared range, which includes the wavelengths between 0.78 μπι ^ A _R ^ 3 ym, and a far or long-wave infrared range with wavelengths A _R ^ 3 μιτι. The near infrared region between 0.78 i ^ A ^ _R 3 μπι is again IR-A and a medium-wave in a short wavelength infrared region

Infrared area IR-B divided. The limit forms the Ab ^¬ sorption for water or moisture in the air at 1.4 μπι, so that the IR-A range between

0.78 μηα ^ A _R ^ 1,4 μπι and the IR-B range between

1.4 μπ \ <A _R ^ 3 μιη lies.

Halogenheizstrahler are usually operated at 2400 - 2600 ° C, the intensity maximum in the short-wave infrared range at a wavelength A _R of about 1.0 μιη. The intensity maximum I _M for different annealing temperatures of a filament shifts from the short-wave IR-A range over the medium-wave IR-B range to the long-wave IR-C, the maximum radiation intensity decreases with increasing infrared wavelength, as is the curve a for the maximum Wavelengths at operating temperatures between 2600 ° C for Halogenheizstrahler to operating temperatures of 900 ° C for resistance heater shows. In between are the maximum values of the Heizrohrelemente ahead ^¬ invention in which carbon fibers are used, which are woven into a carbon wire and Glühfadenbetriebstemperaturen T _B between 1400 ° C ^ T _B - be operated to 1800 ° C. The maximum values of the radiation intensity in relative units occur at these filament operating temperatures at infrared wavelengths of> 1.2 μιη, so that it is advantageous if, for the infrared radiators with carbon fibers according to the invention, an infrared wavelength range between

1, 2 μπι ^ A _R ^ 2, ym is selected and all components, be it the infrared heating coil or the infrared reflector of the radiant heater, are optimized for this infrared range according to the invention.

This inventive and optimized infrared range forms a transition region 13 from the IR-A to the IR-B infrared radiation range, so that both the maxima for the Glühfa ^¬ temperature of 1400 ° C to 1800 ° C in an advantageous Wei ^¬ se in this invention infrared transition region 13 of Invention lie as well as the water absorption wavelength 1.4 μπι in this infrared transition region 13 is included ^¬ sen. This means that humid air, which dominates in both outdoor and indoor areas with the help of such heaters particularly quickly absorbs the radiant energy and produces a pleasant heated air atmosphere at the usual humidity in Central Europe.

This advantageous effect is not achieved if the Infrared heater exclusively in the medium-wave IR-B range or long-wave IR-C range, excluding the water absorption wavelength 1.4 μπ \ work or optimized. An optimization in the infrared transition region according to the invention is essentially determined by correspondingly adapted reflection properties of the infrared reflectors used in such radiant heaters. First, however, is illustrated by graph in Figure 1 that carbon cords or Karbonheizspiralen, which are operated in a temperature range between 1400 ° C and 1800 ° C, an optimum energy balance in the inventive infrared transition region with the infrared wavelengths between 1.2 μιτι ^ _λ κ ^ 2.4 m can achieve. For this, however, the problem must be solved to provide a dimensionally stable carbon cord made of a variety of carbon fibers, which can be brought in a quartz tube free from the inner wall of the quartz tube dimensionally stable to annealing temperatures between 1400 ° C and 1800 ° C. Furthermore, the problem to be solved is to pass the ends of the Karbonheizspirale through the heating tube, which usually consists of a quartz tube. The solution to this problem is shown in Figure 2 with a schematic cross-section through an end portion 14 of an infrared heater tube element 2. Formed to an infrared heating coil 11 braided in this embodiment, dimensionally stable carbon cord 12 of a plurality of carbon fibers 10 at its ends, as here at one end of the Carbon Heizspirale 45 is pressed into a metal transition element 15 of pure nickel, wherein the metal transition element 15 of nickel has an extension 104. On the extension 104, a molybdenum connecting wire 62 is further fixed, which is connected to a molybdenum strip 16, on which the end portion 14 of the quartz tube is pressed, wherein a through hole 17, which in turn consists of a Molybdänverbindungsdraht 62, protruding from the compressed quartz tube end and in an outer plug 61 passes. Via the outer plug 61, the carbon heating spiral 45 can now be pressed from the outside via the through-contact 17, the oly-bonded strip 16, the molybdenum connecting wire 62 and the metal transition strip. element 15 of pure nickel, a heating current can be applied. As the resistance of a carbon fiber decreases with increasing temperature, the filament operating temperature T _B is reached in a few seconds between 1400 ° C <T _B ^ 1800 ° C, without any inrush current control with a corresponding

Current limit for the heating tube element of the radiant heater according to the invention is required.

The spiral structure of the dimensionally stable Karbonheiz- spiral 45 made of braided carbon fibers 10 results in spacious interspaces between the individual turns of Karbonheizspirale 45, so that a shading of either arranged on the heating tube 3 infrared reflector or fixed behind the heating tube infrared reflector is correspondingly low. An infrared reflector is required to the

Align infrared radiation from a rear side of the heating tube element 2, for example, on a front side of the radiant heater. FIG. 3 shows, with FIGS. 3A and 3B, diagrams of reflection coefficients R as a function of the infrared wavelength X _R for three different qualities QI, QU and QIII of anodized aluminum sheets as reflectors. FIG. 3A shows a diagram for the wavelength range between

0.25 μιη ^ Ä _R ^ 2.5 pm with the range of visible light sL, the range of short-wave infrared rays IR-A between 0.78 μπ \ λ _κ ^ 1.4 μπι with the absorption line for water at 1.4 μπι as a characteristic boundary to the medium-wave range IR-B between 1.4 μπι ^ λ _κ ^ 3.0 μιη.

The transition region 13 according to the invention is shown hatched in FIG. 3A and all three qualities QI, QU and QIII show excellent reflection properties with one Reflection coefficients in the entire transition region 13 erfindungsgenmäßen between 1.2 μπι ^ A _R ^ 2,4 μπι of over 90% and for the quality QIII even to 98% in the decisive for the present invention Karbonheizspiralen radiation range.

Also in this diagram, the hydrogen absorption line of 1.4 μπι is located at the infrared reflector of quality QIII from an anodized aluminum sheet for the first time reaches a maximum value of R over 95%, which is even exceeded at 2.3 μπι and at 2, 4 μπι to> 10 m is still held at R = 98%. With this diagram, it becomes clear that the radiant heater according to the invention achieves a high energy-saving efficiency through the optimum adaptation of the filament temperature and the reflector wavelength range.

In the visible range s.L. the light between

0.25 μιτι ^ A _R ^ 0.78 μιη falls the reflection coefficient for the excellent in the IR range excellent qualities QU and QIII significantly. Then, the reflection coefficient R increases steeply and reaches for the infrared wavelength range A _R according to the invention between 1.2 μπι ^ A _R <2.4 μπι and up to 10 μιη maximum values, the up to 98% reflection in the inventive infrared transition region 13 and beyond > 10 μπ, as shown in FIG. 3B below.

The high IR reflection thus remains even in the long-wave infrared range> 10 μιτι obtained and also reflects the lower proportion of IR - C radiation of the Karbonheizelemente with predominant absorption in the air. The vote between a high reflection factor in the critical frequency range with the filament temperature of the Heizrohrelement is crucial for energy efficiency, because otherwise a high loss of radiation energy can occur, especially since such Infrarotheizrohrelement radiates first in all directions with the same radiation intensity and without infrared reflector only a fraction in Direction. a front of a radiant heater is delivered. FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross section through an elongated infrared reflector 5 which has two focus areas 25 and 25 'in which two heating tube elements 2 and 2' can be arranged in the focal areas 25 and 25 'of the bends 4 and 4' of the infrared reflector 5. The infrared rays which strike the curved portion of the infrared reflector 5 in the direction of arrow A are reflected as nearly parallel heating beams in direction A 'on a front side of a radiant heater. In order to make optimum use of lower side regions of such an elongate infrared reflector 5, in this embodiment of the infrared reflector 5, reflective segment strips 21, 22 and 23 are arranged in an edge region 19 and segment strips 21 ', 22' and 23 'are present in an opposite edge region 20. These reflective segment strips 21, 22 and 23 or 21 ', 22' and 23 'are flat on the entire length of the infrared reflector. At the transitions from one segment strip, for example 21, to the second segment strip, for example 22, the reflection angle changes stepwise, for example by 5 °. At the same time a preferably 1 mm wide bead 24 is disposed in the transition. The beads 24 between the respective segment strips 21, 22 and 23 or 21 ', 22' and 23 'now additionally support the dimensional stability of the infrared reflector. Infrared rays emanating in the direction B to the segment strips 21 'm from the infrared heating tube 2' are reflected in direction B ¹ , the angle of incidence beta being equal to the angle of departure Beta '. At the end of the edge regions 19 and 20, the infrared reflector 5 has bends 65 and 66 which can be used to fix the infrared reflector 5 in its position within a housing of a radiant heater in a floating manner.

At the same time not only in the main radiation infrared energy is emitted, but also on the back 31 of the infrared reflector 5 residual heat as radiation, since in the infrared transition region despite angepass th reflection properties about 2% of the radiation are not reflected, but either absorbed in the reflector material or , as shown by the arrows in the direction of arrow C from the outer surface 31 of the infrared reflector 5 with up to 2 emitted. Since the infrared reflector also absorbs a minimal proportion of the heating radiation, the Infrarotreflek gate is heated in operation at Fadenglühtemperaturen in particular of 1800 ° C maximum to 180 ° C with the result that a surrounding housing is heated.

In order to prevent the housing and the reflector from heating up, FIG. 5, with the FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C, shows schematic cross sections through a radiant heater 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 5A, the radiant heater 1 has three main components, namely two heating tube elements 2 and 2 'as the first main component, and an infrared reflector 5 as the second main component two focus areas 25 and 25 'forming bends 4 and 4' and as a third main component, a housing 6 with edge side contours 8 and 8 'and back contours 9 and 9 ¹ and a front side 7 of an infrared transparent

Front glass plate 39 may be covered or has a protective grid with protective louvers.

The front glass plate 39, as FIG. 5B shows in detail, has on its edges 106 a circumferential U-shaped ornamental and clamping frame 107. The ornamental and clamping frame 107 not only encloses the edges 106 of the front glass plate 39, but connects the front glass plate 39 with S-shaped brackets 73, which protrude with one end in longitudinal slots 42 of silicone profile pieces 67. A second end of the bracket 73 is encompassed by the ornamental and clamping frame 107 and clamped to the edges 106 of the front glass plate 39. The silicone profile pieces 67 are arranged in a form-fitting manner in a guide groove 68, in that the contour of the silicone profile pieces 67 are adapted to bulges of a contour of the guide groove 68 or to a trapezoidal shape of the cross section of the guide groove 68.

In the longitudinal slots 42 and 42 'of the silicone profile pieces 67 and the bends 65 and 66 of the infrared reflector 5 already shown in Figure 4 are arranged so that the infrared reflector 5 and the front glass plate 39 floating in the guide grooves 68 of the edge structures 8 and 8' are held ,

By this floating suspension differences in the thermal expansion coefficient between the housing and the infrared reflector 5 and between the infrared reflector 5 and the front glass plate 39 are compensated and disturbing noise during heating and cooling of the Heizrohrelemente 2 and 2 'of the radiant heater 1 avoided. The Heizrohrelemente 2 and 2 'have the infrared heating coils shown in Figure 2 from a carbon cord. In order to align as far as possible the entire heating radiation of the infrared heating coils of the heating tube elements 2 and 2 'in the direction of the front side 7 of the housing 6, the heating tube elements 2 and 2' are arranged in the above-mentioned focus areas 25 and 25 'of the curvatures 4 and 4' of the infrared reflector 5 , The effect of the segment strips 21, 21 ', 22, 22', 23 and 23 'in the edge regions 19 and 20 has already been discussed in the description of FIG.

The housing 6 from the front side 7 with the front glass plate 39 and the edge sides 8 and 8 'and the rear side structures 9 and 9' surrounds the infrared reflector 5 and the two heating tube elements 2 and 2 '. In this case, an air convection channel 27 is formed, which extends from the curved outer surface 31 of the infrared reflector 5 to a highly structured inner side of the edge structures 8 and 8 'and the rear side structures 9 and 9'. In the air convection 27 bulge bulges 33 of different expression into causing air turbulence in the air convection channel 27, whereby the cooling of both the back 31 of the infrared reflector 5 and the rear side structure 9 of the housing 6 is intensified.

The infrared reflector 5 is not rigidly fixed in the housing 6, but the bends 65 and 66 in the edge regions 19 and 20 of the infrared reflector 5 are held by the rubber-elastic silicone profile pieces 67 and 67 'in the guide grooves 68 floating, the silicone rubber profile pieces 67 and 67 'are arranged only in pieces or at points along the length of the guide grooves 68. Between the silicone profile pieces 67 and 67 'are slit or slot-shaped Openings 28 and 29 present, via which an air exchange between the air convection 27 and the environment in the direction of arrow A takes place. In addition, the housing 6 has a central opening 30 in an upper region, over which, with a suitable position of the radiant heater 1, it can be seen FIG. 5A, that the heated air of the air convection duct 27 can escape. For this purpose, the opening 30 between two half-shells 34 and 35 is provided with a perforated plate strip 38, through which the heated air can escape or, if the position of the radiant heater 1 changes, can penetrate into the air convection channel 27, as shown in FIG. Whether air flows into the air convection channel 27 via one of the openings 28, 29 or 30 or flows out alone the geodetic height difference between the openings 28, 29 and 30 is crucial.

Since the openings 28 and 29 lie in Figure 5A at the same geodetic height ^¬ shear and the central opening 30 and the hole 38 having a larger sheet geodetic height, ambient air flows through the openings 28 and 29 in the Luftkonvektionskanal 27 and out of the central opening 30 through the perforated plate 38 out. In FIG. 5C, the front glass plate 39 of the radiant heater 1 is arranged at an angle α to, for example, a wall so that the opening 28 has the lowest geodesic height and the air flowing through the opening 28 onto two air convection channels 27 and 27 'in the direction of arrow A or

Arrow direction B distributed. In this case, ambient air additionally flows via the central opening 30 into the air convection duct 27. The air convection duct 27 'is formed between the Front glass plate 39 and the infrared reflector 5 and reduces the thermal load on the front glass plate 39, which is designed for temperatures ^ 1200 ° C, while in the Luftkonvektionskanal 27 'adjacent to the front glass plate 39 arranged Karbonheizspiralen 45 and 45' in the Heizrohrelementen 2 and 2 'are designed for annealing temperatures up to 1800 ° C.

The two housing halves 34 and 35 are preferably made of extruded aluminum profiles and on the one hand by non-illustrated end covers and on the other hand by at least two connecting pieces 36, as shown in Figures 5A and 5C, are held together form fit. These connecting pieces 36 are arranged at least at both end regions of the elongated housing 6. These connecting pieces 36 have protrusions 69 and 69 ', which are provided with guide rails 70 and 70' in a handle ^¬ are the structured inner walls of the housing half-shells 34 and 35th

This creates a stable, positive connection between the two housing halves 34 and 35, wherein not only bulges for forming turbulences are present on the inner walls of the housing half shells 34 and 35, but additional bulges are incorporated to order guide channels 71 and 71 'for To provide cable connections and on the other hand to create a plurality of fastening portions 72 for screw for attaching the front side covers of the radiant heater 1, not shown. In addition, behind shielding ribs 115 and 115 'boards 116 BZW. 116 'with printed circuits of a control module for controlling power levels and for controlling open-loop control of ambient temperatures via radio links to external temperature sensors may be arranged.

Furthermore, the edge regions 8 and 8 'in FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C have outer joint grooves 105 and 105', which are provided for insertion, for example, in a suspended ceiling construction or for joining a plurality of radiant heaters 1 to a radiant heater surface. For this purpose, the outer joining grooves 105 and 105 'extend over the full length of the heating radiator 1.

FIG. 6 shows with FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C schematic cross sections through a radiant heater 1 'according to a second embodiment of the invention. Components having the same functions as in the preceding figures are identified by the same reference numerals and are not discussed separately.

The second embodiment of the radiant heater 1 'differs from the first embodiment in that instead of a transparent front glass plate now on the front side 7 by means of the bracket 73 and 73', a front grid structure 44 is held. The front grid structure 44 has a molded and stamped complete front shield made of stainless steel or an aluminum alloy and has Abschirmla mellen 74 and 74 'as a secure shielding of the Heizrohrelemente 2 and 2' against access.

Since the front grid structure 44 can reach a surface temperature of up to 500.degree. C. and has thermal expansion differences with respect to the housing 6, the holder angles 73 and 73 'of the front grid structure 44 together with the folds 65 and 66 of the infrared reflector 5 are also in FIGS Longitudinal slots 42 and 42 'of the silicone profile pieces 67 and 67' floatingly mounted relative to the housing 6.

The front grid structure 44 is designed such that about 75% of the front side 7 of the housing 6 is open and unhindered the infrared radiation of the infrared heater tubes 2 and 2 'are directed with the reflected portion of the infrared reflector 5 to be heated areas of the environment. The silicone profile pieces 67 and 67 ', which ensure the floating support of the Infrarotre- reflector 5 and the front grid structure 44 leave a sufficient surface of the elongated openings 28 and 29 free, so that in the air convection 27 in all mounting positions of the radiant heater 1' one Outer surface 31 of the infrared reflector 5 can form cooling air convention.

Although the material of the infrared reflector 5, which consists of an anodized aluminum alloy, has a low absorption coefficient, the infrared reflector can nevertheless be heated up to 180 ° C., and due to the cooling air convection in the air convection channel 27, the rear side of the housing 6 reaches at most a temperature between 60 ° C and 100 ° C with a heating capacity of the heating tube elements of up to 3.2 kW. The same conditions apply to the formation of the air convection channel in FIG. 6a, which have already been discussed with reference to FIG. 5A. The same applies to the formation of the Luftkonvektionskanäle 27 and 27 'of Figure 6C, however, can pass through all the openings of the front grid structure 44 air in the Luftkonvektionskanal 27' in Figure 6C, if no Fronglasscheibe is provided in contrast to Figure 5C. FIG. 7 shows in FIG. 7A a schematic cross section through the radiant heater according to FIG. 6 along a section line AA, which is shown in FIG. 7B. This sectional plane is laid exactly through a shielding lamella 74, so that the contour of such a shielding lamella 74 of the front lattice structure 44 is shown in cross section in FIG. 7A. Radiant heaters up to 3200 watts can be realized with such a front grid structure 44, without the infrared reflector during its entire life of more than 10,000 operating hours does not change its geometry. This is supported by the above-mentioned beads 24 and 24 'in the lower edge regions 19 and 20 of the infrared reflector 5. Figure 8 shows with Figures 8A and 8B are schematic views of a radiant heater 1 in wall mounting and in Deckenmonta ^¬ ge. For this purpose, guide rails 50 and 51, respectively, are arranged in the rear housing structure 9 and 9 'of the half shells 34 and 35, in which holding elements 76 and 77 of a holding arm 52 can slide displaceably around the holding arm 52 in an optimum position along the guide rails 50 and 51 to be able to adjust.

The support arm 52 is adjustably fixed via a joint 78 with a wall stand 79 which can be fixed to a wall 80, the wall stand 80 being composed of a support rod 81 and a stand base 82 so that any desired adjustment angle ot of the front side 7 of the radiant heater 1 is adjustable. For the ceiling mounting shown in FIG. 8B, the same retaining arm 52 can be used with the joint 78 and the stand rod 81, the stand base 82 now being fixable to a ceiling 84 and, for setting an optimal radiation distance a from the area to be heated. Rods 83 can be arranged between the stand base 82 and the stand rod 81. Such extension rods 83 may also be used to vary a distance a ¹ from the wall 79 in FIG. 8A. It is thus possible with simple standardized components such as a stand base 82, a support rod 81, a pivot joint 78, a holding arm 52 to achieve the desired position of the front side 7 of the radiant heater 1 using extension rods 83. FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of radiant heaters 1, which are arranged to be height-displaceable and pivotable on a stand 64. The stand 64 has a stand base 108, which is adapted to the outer dimensions of the heat radiator 1 which is displaceably and pivotably mounted on the stand 64. In addition, the stand base has a stand foot plate 85, which provides a stabilizing counterweight to the weights of the radiant heaters! forms. The stand 64 is essentially a profile tube in which feeder cables 86 are arranged from the stand base 108 to the radiant heaters 1.

In a lower portion of the upright 64, for example, a height a _m i _{n may be provided} from the upright base 108 to a lower edge of two guide rails 88 and 89 for the two radiant heaters 1. In addition, Heizstrahlerhalterungen 87 hinges 78, on each of which a holding arm 52 as it is already known from the figure 8 is arranged for the radiant heater 1. The guide rails 88 and 89 extend up to a maximum distance a _max of, for example, a _max ^ 3.0 m, while the minimum distance a _m i _n between the stator base 108 and the radiant heater 1, for example, a minimum distance

^ min - 1 _/ having 80 m. This ensures that infants do not reach the radiant heater 1 of the stator 64. Such an arrangement of radiant heaters 1 on a stand 64 with a suitable stable pedestal base 108 has the advantage that in the case of stable installation the radiant heaters 1 in a large area, for example between 1.80 m and 2.50 m in their distance from the stand base 108 can be adjusted. In addition, the inclination angle α due to the hinge 78 can be adjusted. Finally, due to the joint 78, the radiant heater 1 can be operated both horizontally and vertically, because the safety height for infants is maintained in any case and the vertical adjustability between a minimum distance a _m i _n and a maximum distance amax is limited.

FIG. 10 shows a schematic view of a heat radiator mushroom 32 which is arranged on a stand 64, wherein the stand 64 can telescopically arrange the radiant heater mushroom 32 at different heights. On the stand 64, a controller 46 may be arranged with a power level switch 47 and a temperature controller 48. The radiator mushroom 32 differs from the previous radiant heaters by annular heating tube elements 2 and 2 ', which are arranged in focus areas 25 and 25' of an infrared reflector 5 ', which has the curvatures 4 and 4'. The annular infrared reflector 5 is in this case corresponding to the Heizrohrelementen 2 and 2 'also annular.

A front face 7 of the annular radiant heater 1 "has an angle of inclination that allows the radiant heater 32 to irradiate an increased radius in the vicinity with infrared rays. The limits of radiation caused by the annular infrared reflector 5 'are also marked dashed lines 90 and 91. By changing the angle these limits can be shifted.

Between the mushroom-shaped rear side 9 and the outer surface 31 of the annular infrared reflector 5 ', in turn, an air convection channel 27 can be formed, whereby the air flows through an annular opening 28 into the air convection channel 27 flows in and flows out via a corresponding annular opening 30 in the mushroom tip of the Heizstrahlerpilzes 32.

This is clearer with the figure 11, wherein Figure 11 shows a schematic cross section through the radiant heater mushroom 32 according to Figure 10 in detail. Here, the convection in the air convection 27 is not limited to the distance between an outer surface 31 of the annular infrared reflector 5 'and an inner surface 18 of the mushroom-shaped housing 6, but, as the arrow C show, there is also an air convection between the infrared reflector 5' and the annular front glass plate 39 '. Both the annular infrared reflector 5 'and the annular front glass plate 39' are supported, held and fixed by a central holding element 92, which projects into the heat radiator mushroom 32.

FIG. 12 shows, with FIGS. 12A and 12B, a radiant heater according to FIG. 11 as auxiliary heater and as ceiling heater and with FIGS. 12C, 12D and 12G transparency curves for different glass qualities of a front glass plate 39. For this, an annular front glass plate 39 is one in the direction of the arrow when the radiant heater is in operation B colored luminous special glass plate used on the one hand with colored pigment colored, which makes the visible spectral component of the carbon heating coils appear colored at, for example, a filament temperature of 1800 ° C. and, on the other hand, remains infrared-transparent in the infrared frequency range of the carbon heating coil of the annular heating tube elements 2 and 2 'as shown by the transparency curves in FIGS. 12C, 12D and 12E , The overall transparency of the color-bright front side 7 of the heating and radiator mushroom 32 can thereby reduce to less than 90%, as shown in the following diagrams of FIGS. 12C, 12D and 12E.

The course of the transparency coefficient to a first front glass plate quality for lucid front glass plates Figure 12 shows C and almost 90% in both the visible light region and in the inventive infrared transition region 13 including the absorption line for moisture or water ^¬ molecules of 14 micrometers. After the transition region 13 according to the invention, the infrared transparency drops steeply. The transparency in the visible light range is significantly reduced for white or milky-appearing front glass plates of a second quality, as shown in FIG. 12D, while in the transition region 13 according to the invention the transparency partly exceeds 80% and after the transition region 13 drops steeply again.

The transparency in the visible light range is also reduced for a third quality of front glass panels that appears to be dark brown and in the transition region according to the invention reaches in some cases 80%, as shown in FIG. 12E.

The construction of a floor lamp 111 with Heizstrahlerpilz 32 corresponds to the construction according to FIG 10th In the Radiant heater mushroom 32, two Luftkonvektionsströme for cooling the infrared reflector 5 'propagate, the ambient air flows through the annular slot 28 in the direction of arrow A and split in two directions E and F, wherein the air in the direction of arrow E vectionkanal 27 through the air between the back 31 of the infrared reflector 5 'is passed. The air in the direction of arrow F cools both the colored or white front glass 39 and the inner surface of the infrared reflector 5 'and can via a pinhole 114 or a ring slot in the infrared reflector

5 "from the air convection channel 27 'to the air convection channel 27. Via the common central opening 30, finally, the heated cooling air escapes in the direction of the arrow C into the environment.

12B shows the same radiant heater mushroom 32 as a ceiling light 112 and at the same time as a radiant heater 1 ", which immerses a room in a warm light atmosphere with simultaneous heat generation and fixed with the known from Figure 8 stand 82 on a ceiling 84.

FIG. 13 shows, with FIGS. 13A and 13B, a heating lamp mushroom 32 with an enveloping structure 100 in the form of a lampshade 109. For this purpose, a decorative lampshade 109 has been placed over the heat radiator mushroom 32, which illuminates in the direction of arrow G if a fluorescent tube 110 or an LED illuminated ring or another lighting means is operated in the visible spectrum of the light. The brightness of the standardized annular fluorescent tube 110 or of the illumination means can be dimmed steplessly, independently of the power for the heat radiator mushroom 32. The diameter D _{L of} the lampshade 109 is slightly larger than the diameter D _{F of} the annular front side 7 of the radiant heater mushroom 32, so that the enveloping structure 100 can be placed in the form of the lampshade 109 on the Heizstrahlerpilz 32 before the Heizstrahlerpilz 32 on the top 94 of Stand 64 is placed. The Heizstrahlerpilz 32 itself may additionally be provided with a colored appearing annular front glass 39 and regardless of the fluorescent tube 110 or from the LED Leuchtkränz o- of the other illumination means colored light radiate under the Heizstrahlerpilz 32 in the direction of arrow B.

Ambient air can be used to cool the lampshade 109 and the infrared reflector via coaxially arranged annular

Slits 28 and 29 are fed and distributed to three air convection channels 27, 27 'and 27 "The air convection channels 27 and 27' correspond to those in Figure 12 and communicate with the annular opening 28. The air convection channel 27" is disposed between the housing 6 'of the Heizstrahlerpilzes 32 and the lampshade 109 and communicates with the annular slot 29 in connection. The heated cooling air from the three air convection channels 27, 27 'and 27 "finally escapes via a central opening 30 arranged in the lampshade 109.

FIG. 13B shows the same radiant heater mushroom 32 now as a ceiling light 112 with a lampshade 109 as the enveloping structure 100 of the radiant heater mushroom 32. The space is immersed in a warm light atmosphere with simultaneous heat generation and, in addition, under the lampshade, for example, the fluorescent tube or LED illuminated rim 110 Illuminants arranged. For ceiling mounting, only the stand 13, which is replaced by a ceiling mounting rod 113 and fixed to a room ceiling 84 with the stand base 82 known from FIG. The function of the lampshade 109 is not affected by the suspension on a ceiling 84.

As already indicated, the enveloping structure 100 can take on different shapes, be it a trapezoidal shape, as in this embodiment as a lampshade 109, or a truncated shape or a cylindrical shape or otherwise a slender outer contour, which, for example, resembles a flower blossom. The power control and temperature control of the infrared radiator may be located away from the enveloping structure 100 in a portable controller operatively connected to a control module in the radiant heater mushroom 32, in addition to a brightness controller for the fluorescent tube 110 or for a LED lighthouse or bezel another Be ^¬ lighting means may be integrated into the portable control unit.

FIG. 14 shows diagrammatic cross-sections through an infrared heater tube element 2 with FIGS. 14A and 14B. The infrared heater tube element 2 radiates from a carbon heating spiral 45 with approximately constant radiation intensity in all directions, as shown by the radiation arrows A. The Karbonheizspirale 45 consists of braided carbon fibers 10, which are braided into a carbon cord and wound into a dimensionally stable Karbonheizspirale 45 by a special process and dimensionally stabilized.

As shown in FIG. 14A, the carbon heating coil 45 is energized in an evacuated or rarefied heating tube 3 of quartz glass, as shown in FIG. 2 has been explained, and operated in the temperature range of the invention between 1400 ° C and 1800 ° C, wherein radiation intensity maxima in a transition region according to the invention the infrared wavelengths λ _R between

1.2 μπι ^ Ä _R -S 2.4 μπι occur.

In order to use the entire radiation and to direct it, for example, in one direction, as shown in FIG. 14B, an infrared reflector 5 is used, which ensures that due to a high to 98 percent reflection coefficient of the infrared reflector 5 almost the entire infrared radiation energy in the in FIG 14B radiation directions is reflected. As shown in FIG. 14B, the infrared rays of the transition region according to the invention reach a low penetration depth at surfaces 119 of different materials, as shown by the dot-dash line 95 in FIG. 14B. However, water molecules absorb the infrared radiation of 1.4 m at normal atmospheric humidity, so that the infrared radiation of a carbon radiator quickly heats moisture or water molecules in this wavelength range, which provides a pleasantly warming environment.

FIG. 15 shows, with FIGS. 15A and 15B, schematic cross-sections through an infrared heater tube element 2 'which differs from the heating tube element 2 shown in FIG. 14 in that directly on the quartz tube 3 a reflector material composed of an oxide ceramic layer 96 is applied and has an infrared wavelength-dependent reflection coefficient, as shown in the illustration of Figure 3, wherein the reflection coefficient on the inventive infrared wavelength range between

1.2 μπι λ _κ <2.4 μιη and up to 10 μιη is tuned. The directivity of this applied directly to the quartz tube of the infrared heater tube 3 infrared reflector 5 "is the same as the effect of the shown in Figure 14 separate infrared reflector 5. However, this embodiment has the advantage that no extra brackets, folds or other measures for floating positioning of the infrared reflector 5 "are required. This is particularly advantageous when the infrared heater tube 3 is annular or egg ^{¬ form} to use in a radiant heater. In addition, an independent from the heat pipe 3 and heat can be arranged spaced ^¬ protective shield 97 on the mounted on the heating tube 3 Inf ^¬ rarotreflektor to protect the inner walls of heating ^¬ radiators. 16 shows a schematic cross section through a compact radiant heater 1 "according to a further embodiment of the invention ^.The housing 6 of this radiant heater 1" is adapted in its shape to a protective tube 98 and can be pushed onto the protective tube 98. In this case, the infrared heating tube has the structure shown in FIG. 15A.

The heat shield 97 shown in FIG. 15B is applied in FIG. 16B to an inner wall of the housing 6 adapted to the protective tube 98. By forming a Luftkonvekti- onskanals 27 between the outer surface of the protective tube 98 and the inner wall 79 of the housing 6 with the heat shield 97, the heat occurring in this area can be removed in the air convection 27. The protective tube 98 is preferably made of a quartz tube whose surface 119 is frosted, so that the infrared-transparent properties for the infrared radiation range are preserved and only in the visible wavelength range a diffusion of light radiation occurs. When operating the glowing Karbonheizspirale 45 they do not stand out from the outside on the outer protective tube 98 made of quartz glass with a frosted surface 119 from.

The heat shield 97 between the protective tube 98 from

Quartz glass and the aluminum housing profile with appropriate ventilation through the provided air convection 27 protects the material of the housing 6, which is located behind the heat shield 97, from overheating. In this case, a further channel 99 can be provided behind the heat shield 97 to allow internal electrical wiring of the radiant heater 1 "and to protect the electrical wiring from overheating.

Figure 17 shows a schematic diagram with remotely controlled power setting and temperature control of a radiant heater 1, which is fixed here, for example, on an outer or an inner wall 79 with the holding arm 52 shown in Figure 9. This radiant heater 1 is set in this embodiment of the invention via a portable control unit 46, which is arranged here for example on a table, both in power levels and by temperature control. For this purpose, there is a radio link 101 between the portable control unit 46 and a control module 63 in the radiant heater 1. For temperature control, the portable control unit 46, which is arranged here on a table 102, a temperature sensor 49 which detects the ambient temperature. 18 shows a schematic diagram of a switch unit in FIG. 18 A of the portable control unit 46 for a radiant heater 1 with an on / off or timer switch 47, a power stage switch and program switch 47 ', and also the - button 47 '' for a temperature or timer setting. This switch unit is connected to a control and regulation module 63 on the front side 7 of the radiant heater 1 in radio communication 101, as shown in Figure 18 B.

The control and regulation module 63 has, in this embodiment of the invention, a display panel on the front side 7 of the radiant heater 1, which centrally signals the set temperature and in addition to the temperature display 129 preferably has three LED lights 130. The LED lights 130 may signal a power-on state of the heater 1, a power control, and a power-on state of a timer. In addition, three more LED displays 130 are provided to signal 3 power levels.

A temperature controller, which is integrated into the control and regulation module 63, is in radio communication with a temperature sensor unit 49. The temperature sensor unit 49 comprises in a housing a room temperature sensor 48 and a radiation sensor 48 'exposed to the surface of the housing of the radiation by the radiant heater 1. In the temperature sensor unit 49, which is partially shown in cross section in FIG. 18C, there is also arranged a radio electronic unit 131 which interacts with the control and regulation module 63 via a radio link 101 '.

FIG. 19 shows a schematic cross section through a further embodiment of the radiant heater as dark radiator 59. In this embodiment of the invention, the dark radiator 59 has three elongated heating tubes 3, 3 'and 3 "arranged side by side, each in a focal region 25, 25' and 25 "of curvatures 4, 4 'and 4" of a common heat shield 97 are arranged. Between the heat shield 97 and an inner wall of the back 9 of the housing 6, an air convection 27 is arranged, which in turn forms an air convection in the direction of arrow A through openings 28 and 29 in the form of long slots, wherein the air via an upper opening 30 from the back of the 9th of the housing 6 can escape and thus heats the surrounding room air. As has already been shown in the preceding figures, silicone profile pieces 67 and 67 'are arranged in guide groove 68 and 68' in the structured edge sides 8 'and 8' of the housing 6. The silicone profile pieces 67 and 67 'have two longitudinal slots 42 and 43 lying one above the other, wherein in the longitudinal slots 42 and 42' bends 65 and 66 of the heat shield 97 are floating, while in the second elongated longitudinal slots 43 and 43 'of the Silicone profile pieces 67 and 67 'angle pieces 73 and 73' of a structured front cover 40, which covers the entire front side 7 of the dark radiator 59, are arranged.

This front cover 40 consists of an extruded profile of an aluminum alloy and has protuberances 33 on the inner wall 117 of the front cover 40 which hochef- fectively μπι absorb infrared rays in the inventive infrared wavelength range of 1.2 m ^ _λ κ ^ 2.4 and for a Implement implementation in heat rays, so that the front cover 40 radiates to a preferred heat radiation in the long-wave infrared range IR-C between 250 ° C and 500 ° C, preferably between 300 ° C and 400 ° C.

The outer contour of the front cover 40 has equidistantly arranged radiation ribs 118, which are for intensive Make contact with the ambient air and the ambient humidity. The heating tube elements 3, 3 'and 3 "have, in addition to the heat shield 97, an infrared reflectors 5" applied directly to the quartz tubes from a reflector coating made of oxide ceramics. The new heating profile with effective heat absorption of the long-wave infrared range and delivery to the surrounding room air will be explained in more detail with a following figure 21. FIG. 20 shows with FIGS. 20A and 20B schematic cross sections through an infrared radiator 53 according to a further embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the infrared radiator 53 is a stand-alone device that can be placed in a room to be heated, especially when the room air is to be heated as quickly and quickly.

For this purpose, the infrared radiator 53 has a housing 6 in which a plurality of air convection passages 27, 27 'and 27 "are provided A first air convection passage 27 receives the cool and moist room air flowing in the direction of the arrow A in the floor area and directs it in the direction of the arrows B and C directly to the Heizrohrstrahlern 2 of quartz tubes with inner Karbonheizspiralen over, so that this air and moisture molecules in particular are exposed to the infrared radiation range according to the invention by, as already mentioned several times, the absorption line with 1.4 μπι the infrared wavelength spectrum is included, so that the humidity relatively quickly and quickly generates hot water molecules, which mix with the room air and flow out of respective openings 29 at the upper end of the infrared radiator. In this case, infrared radiators 2 with a quartz tube are used in this radiator, which has an immediately applied infrared reflector 5 "made of anodized aluminum on its rear side, so that the radiated heat is greatly attenuated on the rear side of the infrared heating tubes 3. Nevertheless, a ventilation flow in the Air convection channel 27 passes in the direction of arrow C and also absorbs heat, which is discharged through the air flow C through an upper opening 29 to the room air.

Finally, the rear side 9 of the housing 6 is cooled by a further flow of cooling air, wherein the air in the air convection duct 27 'passes by a heat shield 97 similar to a rear ventilation on the back 9 of the infrared radiator 53 and to the heating of the exiting air from the upper opening 29 contributes in the direction of arrow E.

Another air convection duct 27 ", which allows the cooler ground air to flow via the bottom opening 28 into the air convection duct 27", this air convection duct 27 "being separated from the infrared radiator pipe 3 by an intermediate wall 55. The structure of the intermediate wall 55 will be described in the following FIG 21 in the third Luftkonvekti- onskanal 27 ", the heating of the room air is delayed, but then heated with greater efficiency as soon as the intermediate wall 55 an operating temperature between 200 ° C and 800 ° C, preferably between 350 ° C and 600 ° C has reached. By absorbing the energy via the air convection in the air convection channel 27 ", the front side 7 is heated only to the permissible for infrared radiators temperature ranges, which are far below the temperatures of the intermediate wall 55. By the construction of three parallel separate air convection channels 27, 27 'and 27 "can be achieved with this infrared radiator 53 first, a rapid heating of the moist room air through the first Luftkonvektionskanal 27 and a permanent heating by the second Luftkonvektionskanal 27' and in particular by the third Air convection 27 "working in the long-wave infrared range IR-C, be ensured.

FIG. 20B shows a section of two heating tube elements 2 arranged in parallel, which have a corresponding reflector coating on their rear sides and, in addition, are jointly spaced from a heat shield 97 in the form of a further heat reflector and partially enveloped.

FIG. 21 shows a schematic cross section through an intermediate segment 121 of an intermediate wall 55 in the infrared radiator 53 according to FIG. 20. Such a structure of an intermediate wall 55 can also be used as the front cover 40 for the dark radiator 59 shown in FIG. For this purpose, heating tubes 3 with partially frosted surfaces are used, which have an oxide ceramic reflector 5 "on the outside of the quartz tube of the heating tube element 2. In addition, an anodized aluminum plate is used as a heat shield 97 behind the carbon heating tube elements 2 for reflection of residual heat radiation still acting towards the rear Protection against heating of the rear of the case 9.

The intermediate wall 55 can be plugged together from a plurality of intermediate wall segments 121. The intermediate wall segments 121 are extruded aluminum profiles. The aluminum profiles point to the infrared heater tube element 2, a plurality of heat absorbing fins 120, which are aligned with each other and on one of the Heizrohrelemente 2. The heat absorption ribs 120 are fixed to aluminum arches, which form a kind of hollow radiator and deliver the radiant energy converted into the long-wave infrared to the third air convection duct 27 "in the direction of arrow B. In the first air convection duct 27, which is located on the rear side of the intermediate wall 55 formed and is arranged between the back of the intermediate wall 55 and a heat shield 97 made of reflector material, the infrared rays generated by the Karbonspirale 45 are emitted in the direction of arrow C and thereby heat in particular moisture and water molecules in the first air Konvektionskanal 27, directly with the Karbonheizrohrelemen - 2 is connected.

Due to the special profiling of the heat absorption ribs 120 on the back of the intermediate wall 55 and the curved infrared beam profiles in the form of aluminum arches 122 on the front of the intermediate wall 55 can be done by a thin-walled intermediate wall rapid heating of the same and with little delay also the air convection vection 27th "between the intermediate wall 55 and the front wall of the infrared radiator, not shown, provide for a rapid permanent heating of the environment.

FIG. 22 shows, with FIGS. 22A and 22B, schematic views of a heater blower 60 with an infrared heater element 1 "of annularly bent infrared heater tube elements 2", wherein in this embodiment of the invention two of the heating tube elements 2 "are coaxially arranged one inside the other and as described above from quartz tubes with a reflector coating, the reflector coating is direct applied to the Heizquarzrohr and consists essentially of aluminum dioxide as anodized coating. The ring of the heating tube element 2 "is arranged so that it is positioned coaxially to the axis 123 of an axial fan 124 and the blower air, as shown in FIG. 22B, flows directly past the infrared carbon heating elements 2".

Due to the absorption capacity at the infrared wavelength 1.4 .mu.m. for moisture in the air, the passing air enriched with air moisture is rapidly heated and produces a pleasant room climate, wherein the heating fan 60 is activated by corresponding shutters 126 both in the inlet area 125 and in the inlet area 125 Outlet area 127 is protected so that the radial fan 60 can operate without interference. Directly to the heater fan 60 can be arranged corresponding switching elements 128, on the one hand gradually switch the power on the other hand the temperature can by degrees or continuously SET len ^¬ and regulated via a room thermostat with a temperature controller.

Instead of an axial blower, in a further not-shown embodiment of the invention, a radial blower is provided which cooperates with at least one elongated carbon heating coil in at least one straight heating tube element. Preferably, a grid of Heizrohrelementen cooperates with such a radial fan.

Although at least one exemplary embodiment has been shown in the foregoing description, various changes and modifications may be made. The embodiments mentioned are merely examples and not intended to cover the scope, the applicability or the configuration of the radiant heater radiator element in any way restrict. Rather, the foregoing description provides those skilled in the art with a plan to practice at least one example embodiment wherein numerous changes can be made in the operation and arrangement of the heater tube radiant heater of elements described in exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims and their claims to leave legal equivalents.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1 ', 1 "radiant heater

2, 2 ', 2 "heating tube element

3, 3 ', 3 "heating tube made of quartz, for example

4, 4 ¹ , 4 "curvature

5, 5 ', 5 "infrared reflector

6 housing

7 front

8, 8 'edge

9, 9 'backs

10 carbon fiber

11 Infrared heating spiral

12 carbon cord

13 transition area

14 end area

15 metal transition element e.g. made of nickel

16 molybdenum ribbon

17 through contact

18 inner surface

19 border area

20 edge area

21, 21 'segment strips

22, 22 'segment strips

23, 23 'segment strips

24, 24 'bead

25, 25 ', 25 "focus area

26 protective tube

27, 27 ', 27 "Luftkonvektionskanal

28 opening

29 opening

30 opening

31 outer surface 32 radiator mushroom

33 bulge

34 half shell

35 half shell

36 connector

37 case back

38 perforated metal strips

39, 39 'front glass plate

40 front cover

41 protection plate

42 longitudinal slot

43 longitudinal slot

44 front grid structure

45 carbon heating coil

46 control unit

47 power level switch

48, 48 'Temperature sensor (room or radiation

49 temperature sensor

50 guide rail

51 guide rail

52 holding arm

53 infrared radiator

54 infrared radiator housing

55 intermediate wall

56 inner wall

57 radiant heaters

58 blowers

59 dark spotlights

60 fan heater

61 outer connector

62 connecting wire e.g. made of molybdenum

63 control module

64 stands 65 fold

66 fold

67 silicone profile

68 guide groove

69 bulge

71, 71 * guide channels

70 guide rail

72 mounting area

73, 73 'bracket

74, 74 'Abschirmlamelle

75 cross rib

76 retaining element

77 holding element

78 joint

79 wall or wall

80 wall stand

81 stand rod

82 Tripod foot

83 extension rods

84 room ceiling

85 pedestal footplate

86 Power cable

87 heater holders

88 guide rail

89 guide rail

90 dashed line

91 dashed line

92 retaining element

93 Telescope transition

94 tip

95 dot-dash line

96 oxide ceramic layer

97 heat shield 98 protective tube

99 channel

100 enveloping structure

101, 101 'radio link

102 table

103 bulge

104 extension

105 outer joining groove

106 edge of the front glass

107 ornamental and clamping frames

108 stand base

109 lampshade

110 light source

111 floor lamp

112 ceiling light

113 Ceiling mounting unit

114 pinhole

115, 115 'shielding rib

116, 116 * board

117 inner wall

118 radiation rib

119 surface

120 heat absorption rib

121 intermediate wall segment

122 aluminum sheets

123 axis

124 radial fan

125 inlet area

126 blinds

127 outlet area

128 switching element

129 temperature display

130 LED light 131 radio electronics

AR infrared wavelength

R reflection coefficient T _B operating temperature

T _r transparency coefficient

Claims

Claims to the invention radiant heater

1. radiant heater with heating tube element (2), comprising:

at least one heating tube element (2) with a heating tube (3) which is transparent or semitransparent for infrared rays;

at least one reflector having a focusing curvature (4), the at least one heating tube element (2) being arranged in a focal region of the curvature (4);

a housing (6) with at least one infrared ray open or transparent or semitransparent front (7) and with a front side

(7) surrounding infrared rays shielding edge and back sides (8, 9);

characterized in that

the at least one heating tube element (2) within the heating tube (3) has a multiplicity of carbon fibers (10) which form a dimensionally stable infrared heating coil

(11) form a carbon cord (12) and that the reflector is an infrared reflector (5) adapted to the infrared spectrum of the heating tube element (2).

2. radiant heater according to claim 1,

characterized in that

the carbon cord (12) of the infrared heating coil (11) has a round cross-section.

3. radiant heater according to claim 1 or claim 2,

characterized in that

the carbon cord (12) of the infrared heating coil (11) comprises knitted, braided, knitted or woven carbon fibers (10). Radiant heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the infrared heating coil (11) in an operating state infrared radiation of an infrared wavelength (A _R ) having a maximum in a transition region (13) between IR-A and IR-B.

Radiant heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the carbon fibers (10) of the infrared heating coil (11) have an operating temperature T _B between 1400 ° C <T _B <1800 ° C, preferably between 1500 ° C T _B <1750 ° C and more preferably between 1580 ° C T _B ^ 1620 ° C have.

Radiant heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

End regions (14) of the infrared heating coil (11) of metal transition elements (15) are preferably surrounded by nickel, which pass into molybdenum bands (16) which are electrically connected to vias (17) through gas-tight closed ends of the heating tube (3),

Radiant heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the heating tube (3) has a quartz glass transparent to infrared rays in the transition region (13) from IR-A to IR-B and having a transparency coefficient T _r of at least T _r > 0.99.

8. Radiant heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating tube (3) has a semi-transparent quartz glass with a frosted or with a particle-blasted opaque inner surface for infrared rays in the transition region (13) from IR-A to IR-B.

Radiant heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the infrared reflector (5) has a substrate of a metal alloy and the curvature (4) of the infrared reflector (5) in edge regions (19, 20) embossed segment strips (21 to 23) of the metal alloy.

Radiant heater according to one of claims 2 to 9,

characterized in that

the curved surface of the infrared reflector (5) towards the infrared heating coil (11) reflecting layers of metal oxides preferably Al ₂ O ₃ with a reflection coefficient R between 0.85 ^ R ^ 0.98, preferably between 0.92 ^ R ^ 0, 98 for infrared rays having an infrared wavelength λ _{R of} between 1.2 ym ^ λ _R ^ 2.4 pm in the transition region from IR-A to IR-B.

Radiant heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the infrared reflector (5) is arranged on the heating tube (3) and has oxide ceramic layers.

Radiant heater according to claim 11,

characterized by the fact that

the heating tube (3) with the infrared reflector (5) is surrounded by a protective tube (26) which is transparent or semitransparent for infrared rays. Radiant heater according to claim 11 or claim 12,

characterized in that

between the protective tube (26) and the protective tube (26) partially surrounding housing (6) an air convection onskanal (27) is arranged.

Radiant heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

a Luftkonvektionskanal (27) is arranged between the infrared reflector (5) and the surrounding housing (6) having openings (28 to 30) to the surrounding air, which have different geodetic heights in operating arrangements of the radiant heater (1) over which a cooling air convection along a curved th outer surface (31) of the infrared reflector (5) and one of the outer surface (31) spaced inner surface (18) of the housing (6) is formed.

Radiant heater according to claim 14,

characterized in that

the inner surface (18) of the housing (6) has rib-shaped bulges (33) which project into the air convection duct (27) in order to trigger air vortices.

Radiant heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the housing (6) has two extruded aluminum half-shells (34, 35) with inner surface (18), wherein the half-shells (34, 35) are positively connected via at least two connecting pieces (36) of an extruded connection profile to a housing rear side (37) , 17. Radiant heater according to claim 14,

characterized in that

on the rear side of the housing (37) between the two extruded aluminum half-shells (34, 35) and the connecting pieces (36) a perforated plate strip (38) is arranged.

18. Radiant heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the at least one infrared transparent or semi-transparent front side (7) of the housing (6) has a front cover (40) which is covered by a high-temperature-resistant visible in the visible light spectrum white or colored or intransparent black front glass plate (39).

19. Radiant heater according to claim 18,

characterized in that

the at least one infrared transparent or semitransparent front side (7) of the housing (6) an air convection channel (27) between the visible in the visible light spectrum white or colored or intransparent black front glass plate (39) and between this front glass plate (39) and the Heizrohrelement (2) arranged for infrared rays transparent protective plate (41), and wherein the Luftkon- vektionskanal (27) an air inlet opening and an air outlet opening in the form of at least longitudinal slots (42, 43).

20. Radiant heater according to one of claims 1 to 19,

characterized in that the at least one infrared transparent or semitransparent front side (7) is covered by a front grid structure (44).

Radiant heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the radiant heater (1) has a receiving and control module, which is in wireless communication with a portable control device (46).

Radiant heater according to claim 21,

characterized in that

the portable control unit (46) having at least one power level switch (47) and a continuously variable temperature regulator (48) and a temperature sensor (49), wherein the temperature sensor (49) a temperature value of the environment to which the radiant heater (1) is addressed detected , and the temperature controller (48) is set to regulate the ambient temperature to a control unit (46) adjustable temperature setpoint.

Radiant heater according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the radiant heater on its back guide rails (50, 51), in which fasteners are arranged has.

Radiant heater according to claim 23,

characterized in that

the fastening elements slide slidably for adjustable fixing of a retaining arm (52) in the guide rails (50, 51), wherein the retaining arm (52) for wall, ceiling or tripod fixing of the radiant heater (1) ter alignment is provided on a warm environment.

25. Heater mushroom, which is arranged on a stand (64) and at least one annular heating tube element (2) having an annular infrared reflector (5) of a radiant heater (1) according to one of the preceding claims. 26. enveloping structure which simultaneously spreads colored light and infrared heat radiation in an environment, wherein the enveloping structure (100) surrounds a radiant heater (1) according to one of claims 1 to 21. 27 infrared radiator having a radiant heater (1) according to one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the infrared radiator (53) in a housing (6) is arranged, and wherein the air to be heated in at least three Luftkonvekti- onskanälen (27) through the Infrared radiator housing (54) convectively flows and heats moisture and air molecules as well as partitions (55) and inner walls (56) of the Infrarotradiatorgehäuses (54).

28. A heating fan with a radiant heater (1) according to one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the radiant heater (57) at least one annular or U-shaped heating tube element (2) with ring or U-shaped adapted Karbonheizspirale (45) and a Fan (58) is aligned on the radiant heater (1) that the air and moisture molecules from the infrared radiation of at least one annular or U-shaped Heizrohrelements (2) is heated in the transition region from IR-A to IR-B radiation ,