EP2935864A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum anlassen einer verbrennungskraftmaschine - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum anlassen einer verbrennungskraftmaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP2935864A1 EP2935864A1 EP13791837.1A EP13791837A EP2935864A1 EP 2935864 A1 EP2935864 A1 EP 2935864A1 EP 13791837 A EP13791837 A EP 13791837A EP 2935864 A1 EP2935864 A1 EP 2935864A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- crankshaft
- rotation
- starting
- torque
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N5/00—Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage
- F02N5/02—Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage of spring type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/08—Circuits specially adapted for starting of engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N5/00—Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage
- F02N5/04—Starting apparatus having mechanical power storage of inertia type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for starting a
- a starter motor applies a starting torque to the crankshaft in a starting operation to achieve a minimum speed of the internal combustion engine, with a control unit controlling the starting torque.
- the control unit in the starting process controls the starting torque time-dependent between a positive maximum starting torque and a negative minimum starting torque, with a positive starting torque in the direction and a negative starting torque against the preferred direction acts on the crankshaft.
- the document also discloses a drive train arrangement in which the rotor of the
- a control of the starting process done in such a way that a maximum amount of the rotation angle is not exceeded.
- a mechanical stress on end stops can be prevented.
- a control variable for such a control for example, the starting torque generated by the starter motor, the torque generated by the internal combustion engine or, in an automatic transmission, a clutch capacity can be used as a control variable.
- a disadvantage of such an arrangement is that in particular for the cold start of the internal combustion engine high torques must be generated by the starter motor, especially when there is no torque ratio between the crankshaft and the rotor.
- DE 10 2012 201 102 A1 discloses a vehicle with an internal combustion engine and an electric machine, which kinematically to start the internal combustion engine with the
- Internal combustion engine can be coupled and which is kinematically decoupled during operation of the internal combustion engine of the internal combustion engine.
- the vehicle further comprises an energy recuperation and storage device, the energy recuperation and storage devices
- Combustion engine is kinematically coupled to the internal combustion engine and at least part of the stored at the moment of switching off the engine in the engine kinetic energy stores and stores.
- the technical problem is to provide a method and an apparatus for starting an internal combustion engine, the reliable start of the
- Allow combustion engine wherein requirements for a height of a maximum to be generated starting torque can be reduced.
- Rotary oscillator reaches a state in which a stored in the rotary oscillator energy, which is composed of a potential energy of the torsionally elastic coupling element and a kinetic energy of the rotor of the starter motor, sufficient to start the internal combustion engine.
- the energy stored in the rotary oscillator is sufficient to produce e.g. by a static friction of the internal combustion engine required breakaway torque and compression and Gleitreibungsmomente the
- Proposed is a method for starting an internal combustion engine, wherein a crankshaft is rotationally elastically coupled to a rotor of an electric machine, for example via an elastic coupling element.
- the starter motor In a starting process, the starter motor generates a Starting torque, which is transmitted via the torsionally flexible coupling to the crankshaft.
- the starter motor can be designed here as an electric machine.
- a negative or positive starting torque is generated.
- a positive starting torque denotes a starting torque, which acts in a preferred direction of rotation of the crankshaft to the crankshaft.
- a negative starting torque refers to a torque which acts counter to the preferred direction of rotation on the crankshaft.
- the preferred direction of rotation of the crankshaft corresponds to the direction of rotation of the crankshaft during operation of the internal combustion engine.
- Starting process is at least a change of sign of the starting torque. Time after the start time so the starter motor is controlled such that on a for
- Starting time negative starting torque following a positive starting torque or to a generated at the start time positive starting torque following a negative starting torque is generated.
- several sign changes of the starting torque occur during the starting process. This can also be described as a modulation of the starting torque.
- the modulation of the starting torque thus describes a control of the starting torque, wherein the starting torque between a positive starting torque and a negative
- a sign change of the starting torque may e.g. time-dependent, so after a predetermined period of time.
- a sign change of the starting torque may e.g. time-dependent, so after a predetermined period of time.
- a sign change of the starting torque may e.g. time-dependent, so after a predetermined period of time.
- a control device may be provided which regulates the starting torque according to the previously described modulation of the starting torque.
- the starting torque between a positive maximum starting torque and a negative minimum starting torque can be controlled, with only the positive maximum starting torque or the negative minimum starting torque is generated by the starter motor.
- a rotation of the crankshaft is mechanically blocked before or at the start time.
- the mechanical blockage can in this case be carried out, for example, by a blocking agent.
- the rotation of the crankshaft can be blocked with a crankshaft brake, ie by a frictional connection between the crankshaft and the blocking means.
- the rotation of the crankshaft can be blocked by a crankshaft lock, ie a positive connection between the crankshaft and the blocking means.
- crankshaft The rotation of the crankshaft is released again when or after energy stored in a torsional vibration system reaches a maximum allowable energy or energy necessary to start the internal combustion engine.
- Rotational vibration system stored energy the maximum allowable energy or the
- crankshaft Starting the internal combustion engine reaches necessary energy.
- the rotation of the crankshaft can be released in time after the time at which the stored energy in the torsional vibration system, the maximum allowable energy or the
- the time difference between reaching the maximum or necessary energy and the release may, for example, be a predetermined period of time, e.g. a period of time needed to achieve a desired phase of torsional vibration.
- Torsional vibration system or a so-called rotary oscillator.
- potential energy stored in torsionally elastic coupling is converted into kinetic energy of the rotor of the starter motor and vice versa.
- kinetic energy of the rotor of the starter motor
- the starting energy will increase the energy stored in the torsional vibration system, because the energy supplied by the starter motor is greater than the energy dissipated essentially by friction.
- the energy required to start the internal combustion engine may be less than the maximum allowable energy.
- the maximum allowable energy may be, for example, a potential Energy in a state amount of maximum torsions, wherein in the corresponding state, the torsionally flexible coupling is not damaged.
- crankshaft rotation is released when the potential energy is zero and the kinetic energy of the torsional vibration system is maximum. In time, this may be the case a quarter of a period after passing through a minimum angle of rotation.
- the rotation of the crankshaft can be released even if or after a stored in the torsionally flexible coupling of the rotary vibrator potential energy reaches a maximum allowable energy or in the torsionally flexible coupling of the
- a maximum allowable energy in this case is e.g. reached when a twist angle a maximum amount
- the angle of rotation describes the rotation of the rotor relative to the crankshaft.
- An energy required for starting the internal combustion engine can be achieved, for example, if a predetermined angle of rotation is achieved which is smaller in magnitude than the maximum permissible angle of rotation. As a result, a power required for the starting process can be reduced in an advantageous manner.
- the proposed method thus describes a swinging or swinging of the existing of the elastic coupling element and the rotating mass of the rotor mechanical system against a braked crankshaft. If the crankshaft is released again, the energy stored in the oscillated system can be used to drive the crankshaft.
- Sign change e.g. occur in time according to the resonance frequency.
- the proposed method advantageously makes it possible to use an electric motor with a very low maximum starting torque which can be generated as the starting motor, since no friction losses of the crankshaft during starting by the starter motor have to be compensated for by preventing rotation of the crankshaft.
- the rotation of the crankshaft is released after a minimum allowable during application of a negative starting torque
- Verrefusing or a predetermined angle of rotation has been achieved and / or a
- the modulation of the starting torque can thus take place until a minimum permissible angle of rotation is reached, and preferably not exceeded, and a sign change of the negative starting torque to a positive starting torque takes place.
- the stored in the rotary oscillator potential energy is transmitted to the crankshaft so that a rotation of the crankshaft takes place in the preferred direction of rotation.
- the internal combustion engine can be started in an advantageous manner in the preferred direction of rotation.
- the release of the rotation of the crankshaft, after a minimum permissible angle of rotation or a predetermined minimum angle of rotation has been achieved during a negative starting torque is applied, a change of sign of
- Coupling element are transmitted to the crankshaft.
- ignition of a fuel-air mixture takes place in a combustion chamber of at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine.
- an ignition occurs when a Piston of the internal combustion engine during a rotation of the crankshaft in the preferred direction of rotation reaches a top dead center in or after a compression stroke.
- the ignition can be a spark ignition or auto-ignition.
- an ignition timing of at least one of the at least one cylinder associated spark plug can be adjusted accordingly.
- Ignition for example, a temperature and / or pressure in the combustion chamber can be adjusted accordingly.
- an annulatory torque curve of the starting torque is generated such that a rotation of the crankshaft takes place.
- the rotation of the crankshaft is mechanically released.
- an Aniassmomentenveriauf be generated such that a static friction torque of the crankshaft and of elements, e.g. Piston, the internal combustion engine is overcome and a breakaway of the crankshaft takes place.
- a static friction torque of the crankshaft and of elements, e.g. Piston the internal combustion engine is overcome and a breakaway of the crankshaft takes place.
- Aniassmomentenveriiller be generated such that the crankshaft is positioned in a predetermined crankshaft position.
- the predetermined position may for example be a blocking position, wherein the crankshaft is mechanically blocked only in the blocking position.
- the Aniassmomentenveriiller can be generated such that it has at least one change of sign (modulation of the starting torque).
- a start-cylinder describes a cylinder of the internal combustion engine, which in a (released) rotation of the crankshaft in
- the starting torque curve can be generated such that a predetermined fuel pressure is built up.
- the crankshaft mechanically or indirectly, for example via a camshaft, drive a pump of a fuel injection system. This is the case in particular in so-called common rail Otto or common rail diesel engines.
- a desired fuel pressure can be built up, which is necessary for subsequent injection and ignition, in particular in diesel internal combustion engines.
- the crankshaft is positioned at a predetermined blocking position prior to the starting time.
- the blocking position may designate a position of the crankshaft in which rotation of the crankshaft may be blocked.
- the blocking position can be predetermined by a mechanical design of the blocking agent.
- the blocking means is designed such that it can mechanically block the rotation of the crankshaft in more than one crankshaft position.
- the blocking position can also be adjusted depending on a desired start cylinder.
- the crankshaft can be positioned such that, starting from the current position of the crankshaft, a desired cylinder during a rotation of the crankshaft in the preferred direction of rotation as the first of a plurality of cylinders the upper
- Combustion chamber of the (start) cylinder can be adjusted.
- a small volume of the (start) cylinder at the beginning of the starting process an overcoming of the following upper compression dead center, however, an ignition of the
- Combustion chamber at the beginning of the tempering process requires a higher energy to overcome the first following upper compression dead center, however, facilitates the first combustion and thus the further starting process due to the higher working contribution due to the ignition.
- Positioning of the crankshaft in a predetermined blocking position can also be achieved with a previous shutdown or shutdown of the internal combustion engine, e.g. by a suitable deceleration of the rotation of the crankshaft.
- rotational energy of the crankshaft which is still present when the engine is switched off can advantageously be used to set the desired blocking position.
- a regenerative operation mode of the starter motor is activated when a termination condition of the cranking operation is satisfied after the rotation of the crankshaft is blocked.
- the regenerative operating mode is of the
- Torsional oscillator generated kinetic energy converted by the operable as a generator starter motor into electrical energy As a result, the rotational oscillator energy can be withdrawn in an advantageous manner.
- the blockage of the rotation of the crankshaft can be solved immediately or upon reaching a predetermined counter-torque, wherein the counter-torque denotes the torque exerted by the crankshaft on the elastic coupling torque.
- the mechanical blockade can be solved upon reaching a lower threshold value of a fuel pressure, wherein the lower threshold value defines a fuel pressure, which is a start of the
- a regenerative operation mode of the starter motor may also be activated when the condition (s) for releasing the blockage of the crankshaft is / are satisfied, but the release does not occur due to a malfunction.
- the rotary oscillator can be actively deprived of energy, whereby operational reliability is increased.
- An abort condition of the starting process can be met, for example, if a defect of the blocking agent and / or its activation is detected. This results in an advantageous manner that a reliability during the
- a target torque of the starter motor increases continuously with decreasing difference between a current twist angle and the minimum allowable or the predetermined negative twist angle.
- a reversal angle denotes a rotation angle at which a reversal of the direction of rotation of the rotor takes place. If the current angle of rotation approaches the minimum permissible angle of rotation, the difference described above decreases. At the same time, however, the nominal torque of the starter motor increases. Thus, the rotation of the rotor against the preferential direction of rotation, which is caused by a negative target torque, less supported with decreasing difference or, if the target torque is positive, this even counteracted.
- the target torque of the starter motor may gradually increase in one or more steps as the difference between the actual twist angle and the minimum allowable or the predetermined negative twist angle decreases.
- the target torque is suddenly set to a reference value of zero and when reversing the direction of rotation of the rotor or upon reaching the minimum allowable or predetermined negative rotation angle abruptly a positive target torque is set.
- the target torque is suddenly set to a positive or negative target torque.
- the target torque of the starter motor decreases with decreasing difference between the maximum permissible angle of rotation or a predetermined positive
- Angle of rotation and a current angle of rotation continuously or in one or more Step by step This can be done in particular in a half-oscillation from a negative angle of return to a positive angle of reversal.
- the predetermined negative angle of rotation or the predetermined angle of rotation in this case denote angle of rotation, when it reaches enough energy is stored in the rotary oscillator to start the internal combustion engine.
- a defect of the torsional vibration system is detected if a frequency of the sign change of the starting torque deviates from a predetermined resonance frequency by more than a predetermined amount.
- a defect of the torsional vibration system may be detected when a difference between amounts of the immediately during the starting process
- an amount of the rotation angle may increase continuously. However, this increase is limited by dynamic properties of the rotary oscillator in height.
- a defect of the torsional vibration system can be detected if a temporal twist angle course deviates from an expected course by more than a predetermined amount.
- the expected course here denotes a temporal course of the
- Twist angle which will adjust due to the dynamic properties of the rotary vibrator.
- a linear torsion spring for example, can set as sinusoidal course as expected course.
- a defect of the torsional vibration system can be detected when an amount ratio between reversing angles immediately following each other during the starting operation exceeds or falls below a predetermined amount.
- a defect of the torsional vibration system can be detected if a ratio of the mechanical power generated by the starter motor exceeds the predetermined angle of rotation reaches a predetermined level.
- a current twist angle and the mechanical power generated by the starter motor can be detected or determined.
- the mechanical power generated by the starter motor can be determined, for example, as a function of an electric power required by the starter motor.
- the device for starting an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
- the device comprises at least one internal combustion engine, at least one crankshaft, at least one starter motor, at least one torsionally flexible coupling element and at least one control device.
- a rotor of the starter motor is mechanically connected via the torsionally flexible coupling element with the crankshaft.
- a starting torque can be generated and transmitted via the elastic coupling element to the crankshaft.
- the starting torque is adjustable.
- the device comprises at least one locking means for the crankshaft, wherein by means of the blocking means a rotation of the crankshaft is mechanically blocked and released.
- the blocking agent can, as previously explained, as
- crankshaft brake or be designed as a crankshaft lock.
- the proposed device allows this advantageously the execution of the previously described method.
- crankshaft and / or the blocking means is / are configured and / or arranged such that a blockage of the rotation of the crankshaft in several crankshaft positions can be carried out.
- This can advantageously a desired start cylinder and optionally a desired volume of a
- Combustion chamber of the start cylinder to be set at the beginning of the starting process.
- 1 is a schematic block diagram of a drive train
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a blocking agent in a first
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a blocking agent in a second
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a blocking agent in a third
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic time profile of a starting torque, a rotational speed of an internal combustion engine, a rotational speed of the starter motor and an angle of a torsionally flexible coupling element.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an inventive device 1 for starting an internal combustion engine 2 is shown.
- the device 1 comprises, in addition to the internal combustion engine 2, a crankshaft 3 of the internal combustion engine 2, a starter motor 4 and a torsionally elastic coupling element 5, by which the crankshaft 3 is mechanically connected to a rotor 6 of the starter motor 4.
- the torsionally elastic torsionally elastic torsionally elastic torsionally elastic coupling element 5 by which the crankshaft 3 is mechanically connected to a rotor 6 of the starter motor 4.
- Coupling element 5 in this case forms the inventive torsionally flexible coupling and may for example be a torsion spring.
- the device 1 comprises a blocking means 7, by which a rotation of the crankshaft 3 can be mechanically blocked or released.
- a transmission 8 Also shown is a transmission 8, a drive shaft 9 and a rotatable wheel 10 of a motor vehicle which can be driven by the drive shaft 9.
- the starting torque AM generated by the starter motor 4 has at least one, but preferably several, sign changes.
- the blocking means 7 can be activated, whereby a rotation of the crankshaft 3 is mechanically blocked.
- Time or after this time can also be a reversal of direction.
- a sign change of the starting torque AM the starter motor 4 generates from this point on a positive starting torque AM and the rotor 6 in the preferred direction of rotation 1 1 drives.
- a further change of sign to a negative starting torque AM occurs when a renewed reversal of the direction of rotation of the rotor 6 from a direction of rotation in the preferred direction of rotation in a direction of rotation opposite
- Rotational vibrator During the excitation energy is stored in the rotary oscillator, wherein at the time of reversal of rotation of the rotor 6, the stored energy in the rotary oscillator is completely stored as potential energy.
- a minimum permissible angle of rotation W that is to say a maximum permissible angle of rotation W
- a sign change of the starting torque AM takes place, as described above.
- the blocking means 7 is deactivated, so that the rotation of the crankshaft 3 is released.
- Internal combustion engine 2 be existing compression and sliding friction moments. Thus, the crankshaft 3 can be driven so that the internal combustion engine 2 can be started.
- Blocking position are positioned.
- Starting torque AM occur, so a temporal course of the starting torque AM are generated with at least one change of sign.
- the described method for starting the internal combustion engine 2 may be combined with other methods of starting. So it is possible at one
- the proposed method can be combined with a method in which energy of a rolling vehicle to start or to start the
- Internal combustion engine 2 is used by a torque-transmitting connection between a wheel 10 of the vehicle and the internal combustion engine 2 is activated.
- a control device may determine which method of starting is carried out as a function of input variables such as a temperature of the internal combustion engine 2, a state of the blocking means 7, a vehicle speed, a pedal position and / or a selector lever position.
- the control device can also monitor the selected method and, if appropriate, stop it and subsequently carry out a different method.
- Starting torque AM controlled such that in a last half period with a negative starting torque AM just a minimum allowable angle of rotation W is achieved, but to avoid damage to the elastic coupling element 5 is not exceeded. If the minimum permissible angle of rotation W of the elastic coupling element 5 is reached, there is a change of sign of the starting torque AM, which is now positive. If now, due to a malfunction, no deactivation of the blocking agent 7, so remains the
- the starting torque AM can be changed immediately after detection of the malfunction to a minimum value and a regenerative operating mode of
- Starter motor 4 are activated.
- the starter motor 4 is operated until reaching a maximum angle of rotation W as a generator, whereby the rotary oscillator is actively deprived of energy.
- a predetermined number of further deactivation attempts of the blocking agent can take place or it can be the starting process
- Blocking means 7 a minimum allowable or a predetermined negative angle of rotation W is not reached after a predetermined period of time, a termination condition of the starting operation can be met.
- An abort condition can also be met, for example, if an amount ratio of successive reversal angles is one or more times below a predetermined minimum value.
- Crankshaft positions can be blocked, so the number of cylinders can be limited, which can be used as a starting cylinder.
- a start cylinder is understood to be the one cylinder whose upper compression dead center is first overcome from a predetermined crankshaft position during a rotation of the crankshaft 3 in the preferred direction of rotation 1 1. This can usually, but not necessarily, be the cylinder that is also ignited first.
- the number of starting cylinders may be two, for a three-cylinder engine the number is usually one. Is, e.g. due to an embodiment of the blocking means 7, not every cylinder can be used as a start cylinder, so can already when turning off the
- the blocking means 7 is designed or designed such that it can block the rotation of the crankshaft 3 in more than one crankshaft position.
- the blocking means 7 may be formed so as to equidistant the crankshaft 3 in FIG
- Crankshaft positions can block, so every 10 ° crankshaft angle.
- the blocking means 7 may be e.g. by a housing, not shown in the
- Internal combustion engine 2 fastened radially displaceable bolt may be formed, which can be inserted into bores or recesses, which are introduced into the crankshaft 3.
- the blocking means 7 does not directly block a rotation of the crankshaft 3, ie interacts directly with the crankshaft 3, but instead acts on a further shaft, which is coupled to the crankshaft 3, of the internal combustion engine 2, e.g. on a camshaft, acts.
- Starting cylinder introduced air is more intense or starts earlier.
- an ignition energy can be increased in an ignition of the starting cylinder to achieve a reliable ignition.
- very early fuel pilot injections can take place in the starting cylinder, since, as explained above, the contents of the combustion chamber are no longer exchanged during the starting process and thus a longer time is available for vaporization of the fuel.
- the proposed method for starting the internal combustion engine 2 advantageously allows a maximum starting torque AM of the starter motor 4 to be generated to be as small as possible. Under these conditions, it may be advantageous for the internal combustion engine 2 to be as early as possible during the starting process makes its own contribution to torque, possibly already with overcoming the first upper compression dead center.
- crankshaft or camshaft angle is known.
- (absolute) angle sensors can be used to detect such an angle. These can be improved at low resolution by existing incremental sensors. While maintaining conventional incremental sensors on the crankshaft 3 and / or camshaft, a number and a location of signal edges on an early detection of injection angles or
- Internal combustion engine 2 may have information present at that time, e.g. a present crankshaft angle, are used as initial values for a new startup, possibly even after a non-volatile storage when the controllers were switched off in the meantime. It is also possible for information present locally in a control unit to be transmitted via a bus system, e.g. a CAN bus, transmitted
- the crankshaft angle set at the time of activation of the blocking means 7 can be used as the initial value at the next start.
- a rotor angle of the rotor 6, together with a specific crankshaft angle, can be used to determine the angle of rotation W between the crankshaft 3 and the rotor 6 and thus to determine the rotation of the elastic coupling element 5.
- the angle of rotation W can be made plausible by predetermined and / or determined torques and / or detected rotational accelerations using mathematical models.
- valve train such as camshaft phaser
- a cylinder shutdown additionally or alternatively to set a predetermined
- Control crankshaft position with activated blocking agent 7 such that a predetermined filling of a combustion chamber is set. Furthermore, a defect of the blocking means 7 and / or its activation can be detected. In this case, it can be detected, for example, whether in an activated state of the blocking means 7
- Movements of the crankshaft 3 take place. These movements may e.g. be detected by the aforementioned crankshaft or camshaft sensor. In this case, an impermissible movement of the crankshaft 3 can be detected when an amplitude of the movement is above a predetermined value, wherein the predetermined value takes into account an elasticity of the crankshaft 3 and the blocking means 7.
- the blocking means 7 may be provided with means for detecting an engagement path, e.g. of pins or a locking bar 18 (see, for example, Fig. 2), wherein in an engaged state, the rotation of the crankshaft 3 is blocked. Changes one
- an electric motor as an actuator for the blocking means 7 can be detected whether a rotation of the rotor of the electric motor corresponds to a desired rotation upon activation of the blocking means 7, whether a voltage is induced in the electric motor or a current consumption of the electric motor deviates from a predetermined current consumption. It is also possible to detect whether there is no commutation in the case of a BLDC motor.
- a defect of the blocking means 7 can also be detected if, after a deactivation of the blocking means 7, no or only a slight movement of the crankshaft 3 occurs for a predetermined period of time.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a blocking means 7 in a first
- the blocking means 7 comprises a gear 12, which is rotatably mounted about a central axis of rotation 13.
- the gear 12 may be fixed in a torsionally rigid manner on the crankshaft 3 (see FIG. 1).
- the teeth 14 in a cross section with a sectional plane perpendicular to the central axis of rotation 13 a quarter-circular cross-section.
- the straight sections 16 in this case run in the radial direction with respect to a center 17 of the gear 12.
- the blocking means 7 comprises a locking bar 18 which is rotatable about a
- Rotation axis 19 of the locking bar 18 is mounted.
- the latching bar 18 has at a gear-side end a latching lug 20, wherein the latching lug 20 can interact with the teeth 14.
- the rounded portions 15 of the teeth 14 are in this case designed such that when the gear 12 rotates in the counterclockwise direction, which is relative to the central axis of rotation 13 rotates, a tip 21 of the locking tooth 20 along the rounded tooth surface of the teeth 14 can slide without latching with your teeth. In this case, a rotational movement of the gear 12 and thus also the crankshaft 3 is released.
- the straight portions 16 of the teeth 14 are in this case designed such that when the gear 12 rotates clockwise, formed by the locking lug 20 abutment surface 22 abuts the straight portion 16, whereby the gear 12 is locked to the locking bar 18. In this case, a rotational movement of the gear 12 and thus also the crankshaft 3 is locked.
- the blocking means 7 further comprises a first spring 23 and a further spring 24.
- the further spring 24 is attached to a latching nose side portion of the locking bar 18, wherein the first spring with respect to the axis of rotation 19 of the locking bar 18 on a detent side portion opposite portion of Rastbalkens 18 is attached.
- the blocking means 7 comprises an actuator 25, which can move the further spring 24 in or against a vertical direction, which is represented by an arrow 26.
- the other spring 24 is positioned by the actuator 25 in a vertical direction 26 upper position.
- this release position exercises, in particular exclusively, the first spring 23 a force on the locking bar 18, so that the locking lug 20 moves due to the rotation of the locking bar about the rotation axis 19 against the vertical direction 26 shown in FIG. 3 upwards and thus the Rotary movement of the gear 12 releases in both directions of rotation.
- both the first spring 23 and the further spring 24 exerts a force in the vertical direction 26 on the latching bar 18. Since both forces, with respect to the axis of rotation 19, act on opposite portions of the locking bar 18, there is no rotation of the locking bar 18 and thus no release of
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a blocking means 7 in a second
- the blocking means 7 comprises a gear 12, which is rotatably mounted about a central axis of rotation 13.
- the gear 12 may be fixed in a torsionally rigid manner on the crankshaft 3 (see FIG. 1).
- the gear 12 teeth 14, wherein the teeth 14 in a cross section with a sectional plane perpendicular to the central axis of rotation 13 have a trapezoidal cross-section.
- the blocking means 7 comprises a locking bar 18 which is rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 19 of the locking bar 18.
- the latching bar 18 has at a gear-side end on a locking lug 20 with also trapezoidal cross-section, wherein the latching lug 20 can interact with the teeth 14.
- the blocking means 7 further comprises a first spring 23 and a further spring 24.
- the further spring 24 is attached to a latching nose side portion of the locking bar 18, wherein the first spring 23 with respect to the axis of rotation 19 of the locking bar 18 on a detent side portion opposite section of the locking bar 18 is attached.
- the blocking means 7 comprises an actuator 25, which can move the further spring 24 in a vertical direction, which is represented by an arrow 26.
- the further spring 24 is positioned by the actuator 25 in a vertical direction 26 upper position.
- the first spring 23 exerts a force on the latching bar 18, so that the latching lug 20 moves upward due to the rotation of the latching bar 18 about the rotation axis 19 against the vertical direction 26 shown in FIG. 3 and thus the rotational movement of the gear 12 releases in both directions of rotation.
- both the first spring 23 and the further spring 24 exert a force in the vertical direction on the latching bar 18. Since both forces act on, with respect to the axis of rotation 19, opposite portions of the locking bar 18, there is no rotation of the locking bar 18 and thus no release of both rotational movement. Rather, the rotational movement of the gear 12 is locked in both directions of rotation in this blocking position.
- 4 shows a schematic diagram of a blocking means 7 in a third
- the blocking means 7 comprises two brake pads 27, the on
- the blocking means 7 comprises an actuator 25, which can be moved in and against a longitudinal direction, which is symbolized by an arrow 28.
- the blocking means 7 comprises the respective brake pads 27 associated lever arms 29 which are each rotatably mounted about rotation axes 30. In this case, the axes of rotation 30 extend perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 28.
- FIG. 4 shows that the lever arms 29 have two arm sections. A first
- Arm portion 31 extends from the axis of rotation 30 to the corresponding brake pad 27.
- a second arm portion 32 extends away from the brake pad 27 and encloses an angle ⁇ with the first arm portion. At a free end of the second
- the blocking means 7 comprises a spring 33 which is arranged between the brake pads 27.
- the brake pads 27 are not in mechanical contact with the crankshaft 3. If now the actuator 25 moved in the longitudinal direction 28, the brake pads 27 due to the mechanical connection of the actuator 25th pressed with the lever arms 29 and due to the formation and storage of the lever arms 29 against the spring force generated by the spring 33 to the crankshaft 3, whereby a mechanical contact between the brake pads 27 and the crankshaft 3 is made and the crankshaft 3 is braked.
- Blocking state a rotational movement of the crankshaft 3 is not possible. If the actuator 25 is moved counter to the longitudinal direction 28, the brake pads are moved away from the crankshaft 3 by the spring force generated by the spring 33. As a result, a release state is achieved in which a rotational movement of the crankshaft 3 is released.
- Fig. 5 shows a schematic course of a starting torque AM by a
- a modulation of the starting torque AM takes place such that the crankshaft 3 breaks loose. This takes place at the end time E_P1 of the first phase P1.
- the starting torque AM is modulated in such a way that the crankshaft 3 is moved in a predetermined angular range in such a way that a fuel pump coupled to the crankshaft 3 can build up a desired injection pressure.
- the starting torque AM is controlled such that the crankshaft 3 is positioned in a crankshaft position in which a blockage of the crankshaft 3 is possible.
- a blocking time B the rotational movement of the crankshaft 3 is blocked.
- a fourth phase P4 energy is now accumulated in the above-explained rotary oscillator, with maximum and minimum amplitudes of the speed DA and the angle W increase.
- the fourth phase P4 takes place in a fifth phase P5, a release of the blockade, which increases at a release time L, the speed DV of the internal combustion engine 2 temporally fast, for example, jump-like.
- side surfaces of the teeth 14 and the detent 20 may be frictionally engaged when a force acts on these surfaces, e.g. during a blockage of the crankshaft 3.
- This force is essentially dependent on a twist angle W of the elastic coupling element 5.
- the frictional force generated by the frictional connection can prevent release, for example when the frictional force is greater than the lifting force exerted by the springs 23, 24 on the detent bar 18.
- the frictional force will be low when the elastic coupling element 5 is relaxed, that is, has a magnitude small angle of rotation W.
- a period duration that is to say a time duration between two successive identical sign changes of the direction of rotation, can be for example approximately 120 ms.
- a time interval for release can include periods of time from 0 ms to 20 ms.
- the actuator 25 is e.g. designed as an electric motor, possibly with a gear, so this actuator 25 can be controlled even before the release time L, at the latest to the release time L, a movement of the locking bar 18 should be made. This control can be maintained until the end of the movement of the locking bar 18 or even beyond.
- the actuator 25 may be actuated at a driving time which is a predetermined period, e.g. 70 ms, before the desired release time L is controlled such that a Aktor workedes end of the other spring 24 in a release direction, which is oriented in this case against the vertical direction 26, is moved. From this point on, e.g. a motor of the actuator 25 accelerates.
- the spring force which builds up during this movement in the release direction, which accelerates the release element, that is to say the latching bar 18, likewise in the release direction, does not exceed the previously explained frictional force until a further point in time, which is later than the actuation time and before the release time L, which is generated by the angle of rotation W of the elastic coupling element 5 dependent frictional connection between the teeth 14 and the locking tooth 20.
- the driving time and the driving force generated by the actuator 25 is selected in dependence on a time course of the angle of rotation W of the elastic coupling element 5, that the spring force exceeds the frictional force for the previously explained further time and thus accelerates the locking bar 18 in the release direction and thus moved.
- the release time L is thus set virtually automatically.
- the increasing angle of rotation W of the elastic coupling element 5 causes an increasing torque on the crankshaft 3, which is accelerated.
- the locking bar 18 is now so far moved in the release direction 18 that no mechanical contact between the teeth 14 and the locking lug 20 may occur more.
- the described method is also executable for further embodiments of the blocking means 7, in particular for embodiments in which the adjusting device of the blocking means 7 is connected via an elastic element with a release element.
- the adjusting device in time before a blocking time B and / or before a desired release time L, the adjusting device can be controlled such that a device-side end of the elastic member is moved towards or in a release direction.
- a control time and / or the force generated by the adjusting device can be selected depending on a time profile of the angle of rotation W of the elastic coupling element 5, that at a further time the force of the elastic element on the release element a frictional force between the release element and a crankshaft side corresponding element of the blocking agent exceeds.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012025001.0A DE102012025001A1 (de) | 2012-12-20 | 2012-12-20 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Anlassen einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine |
| PCT/EP2013/074061 WO2014095195A1 (de) | 2012-12-20 | 2013-11-18 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum anlassen einer verbrennungskraftmaschine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2935864A1 true EP2935864A1 (de) | 2015-10-28 |
| EP2935864B1 EP2935864B1 (de) | 2018-11-07 |
Family
ID=49584753
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13791837.1A Not-in-force EP2935864B1 (de) | 2012-12-20 | 2013-11-18 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum anlassen einer verbrennungskraftmaschine |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2935864B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102012025001A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014095195A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1106823B1 (de) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-10-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Antriebsvorrichtung mit einer Verbrennungsmaschine und einer elektrischen Maschine, insbesondere einem Starter-Generator |
| DE10007956B4 (de) * | 2000-02-22 | 2005-09-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | System und Verfahren zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors |
| DE60232524D1 (de) * | 2002-11-25 | 2009-07-16 | Ford Global Tech Llc | Blockierungsmechanismus für die Kurbelwelle einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| US8251166B2 (en) * | 2009-04-27 | 2012-08-28 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Hybrid powertrain with assisted starting and method of starting an engine |
| DE102009033544B4 (de) | 2009-07-14 | 2018-08-23 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Anlassen einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine |
| DE112012000738A5 (de) | 2011-02-09 | 2013-11-14 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Start einer Brennkraftmaschine |
-
2012
- 2012-12-20 DE DE102012025001.0A patent/DE102012025001A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-11-18 EP EP13791837.1A patent/EP2935864B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-11-18 WO PCT/EP2013/074061 patent/WO2014095195A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2014095195A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102012025001A1 (de) | 2014-06-26 |
| WO2014095195A1 (de) | 2014-06-26 |
| EP2935864B1 (de) | 2018-11-07 |
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