EP2929286A1 - Explosivstofffreies geschoss für zielmarkierung - Google Patents
Explosivstofffreies geschoss für zielmarkierungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2929286A1 EP2929286A1 EP13789734.4A EP13789734A EP2929286A1 EP 2929286 A1 EP2929286 A1 EP 2929286A1 EP 13789734 A EP13789734 A EP 13789734A EP 2929286 A1 EP2929286 A1 EP 2929286A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- ammunition
- ignition mechanism
- spark
- fuel mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001268 Ferrocerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000858 La alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AKWFBKKYZNGQGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Ce].[La] Chemical compound [Fe].[Ce].[La] AKWFBKKYZNGQGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GSVIBLVMWGSPRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Fe].[Ce].[Ce] GSVIBLVMWGSPRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000004297 night vision Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NDUKHFILUDZSHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Zr] Chemical compound [Fe].[Zr] NDUKHFILUDZSHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 titanium hydride Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 229910000048 titanium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium dihydride Chemical compound [ZrH2] QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000568 zirconium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000195947 Lycopodium Species 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100001160 nonlethal Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWILHZQYNPQALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropanal Chemical compound O=CC(C)(C)N1CCOCC1 WWILHZQYNPQALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/40—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of target-marking, i.e. impact-indicating type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/44—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of incendiary type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
- F42B12/50—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances by dispersion
- F42B12/52—Fuel-air explosive devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
- F42C1/10—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact without firing-pin
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
Definitions
- the invention relates to an ammunition with an explosive-free projectile, which releases a fuel or a fuel mixture as an inflammable air-fuel mixture when decomposed in the target. This mixture is spontaneously reacted by at least one explosive-free, spark-generating ignition mechanism triggered during the breakdown decomposition.
- the optical and thermal target signature thus generated can be detected with the naked eye and / or aids such as riflescopes or other target optical detection systems as well as with night vision and thermal imagers.
- Pyrotechnic ammunitions based on lightning bang effects are suitable for practice purposes for visual-optical and acoustic perception as well as for detection by means of night-vision and thermal imaging devices.
- a disadvantage of such pyrotechnic ammunition is their potential danger by the explosive contained in the projectiles themselves, as well as the evacuation of contaminated by duds with explosive training areas. This led to the development of training munitions with explosive-free projectiles within the past decades.
- the visual-optical perceptibility is achieved in such ammunitions, for example, by the release of color dusts during the impact decomposition.
- chemiluminescent effects For detectability with night vision devices corresponding ammunitions that use chemiluminescent effects have been developed.
- the combination of color dust and marker units with chemiluminescent effect finally allowed the provision of uniform training munitions with explosive-free projectiles for a day and night training.
- US 201 1/0079164 A1 or WO 201 1/044126 A2 proposes a 40 mm training ammunition, inter alia, for use in grenade-machine weapons.
- This has an explosive-free projectile, in which a breakable payload module is integrated in the area of the projectile hood.
- the payload module is filled with different materials, or in the case of an integrated ampoule also with different material combinations to achieve different effects.
- the design of the ammunition is designed so that it can be provided with different payload modules with the same structure of drive, projectile body with ground insert and bullet cover.
- the payload module the use of powdered or granulated dyes or of dye solutions or gelled dye solutions is suggested for achieving a visual-optical effect for daytime training.
- a payload module with an integrated ampoule When using a payload module with an integrated ampoule, it is additionally possible to achieve an effect detectable with night vision devices and / or with thermal imaging devices.
- an effect detectable with night vision devices and / or with thermal imaging devices To achieve a detectable with thermal imaging devices effect, the use of a pyrophoric material in powder or granular form is proposed. The material combination of dye and pyrophoric material, a visual-optical and at least detectable by thermal imaging devices effect can be generated.
- WO 201 1/019695 A1 discloses a further 40 mm training ammunition, inter alia for use in grenade-machine weapons.
- This explosive-free projectile has, in analogy to the existing "day and night marking” munitions, a color dust for "tagging” and an encapsulated chemiluminescence effect for "night marking.”
- an encapsulated heat-generating "heat Engine” proposed by the launch load and directly or indirectly - via a heat transfer medium - to heat the chemiluminescent effect, so that it is detectable in the breakdown disassembly by means of indulgence and thermal imaging devices.
- the heat generation encapsulated in the "heat engine” means that when pyrophoric materials are used to generate heat, these are not released. are set and therefore a potential fire hazard is not given.
- pyrophoric materials reactions of anhydrous salts with water or polymerization reactions of organic substances for possible heat generation are also proposed.
- US Pat. No. 7,055,438 B1 deals with caliber ammunitions from 20 mm to 155 mm, which use a flameless, heat-generating effect as "explosive-free tracer" and / or longer-term targeting alone or in combination with a chemiluminescent effect of (anhydrous) calcium chloride with water or aqueous solutions or powdered metals with hydrogen peroxide solutions are given as examples
- a chemiluminescent effect of (anhydrous) calcium chloride with water or aqueous solutions or powdered metals with hydrogen peroxide solutions are given as examples
- the solid substances are mixed with powdered binders such as hydroxyethyl cellulose or CAB, so that when mixed with the liquid component or the liquid components should form a gelled, adhesive effect mass.
- the object of the invention is to provide an ammunition with an explosive-free projectile, which generates a multispectral signature when dissected in the target, which can be detected with the naked eye or tools such as rifle scopes or other optical target acquisition systems, night vision and thermal imaging devices.
- the invention is therefore based on the basic idea to provide an ammunition with an explosive-free projectile which releases a fuel or a fuel mixture as an inflammable air-fuel mixture when decomposed in the target, which in turn triggered by at least one explosive-free, spark-generating ignition mechanism triggered in the breakdown disassembly spontaneously implemented.
- the multi-spectral signature generated by the reaction of the flammable air-fuel mixture can be detected day and night with the naked eye and / or auxiliaries such as riflescopes or other optical targeting systems as well as with night-vision and thermal imagers.
- the proposed ammunition requires only a single effect mass which, moreover, does not require more complex encapsulation compared to pyrophoric materials or chemiluminescence, but does not exclude them. As a result, comparatively higher effect counterweights and, associated therewith, larger effective usable shot ranges can be realized.
- the ammunition proposed according to the invention has the advantage that it can be designed to be transport-, handling- and application-safe by at least one securing device of the ignition mechanism. Unintentional, premature effect triggering in ammunition for machine guns is therefore ruled out, since the safety device of the ignition mechanism in spin-stabilized projectiles unlocked only by the forces occurring during firing and releases the ignition mechanism. Therefore, the invention proposed ammunition concept can also be used for mechanically heavily loaded ammunition for machine guns in the caliber range from 20 mm to 50 mm. In addition to the safety device of the ignition increases the transport, handling and application safety also by the absence of powdery, self-igniting in air substances and mixtures of substances in the projectile.
- the ammunition proposed according to the invention also has the advantage that the multispectral signature is generated directly at the impact decomposition in the target and thus largely independent of the temperature of the ammunition and the firing distance.
- an almost lifelike multispectral signature comparable to the corresponding HE combat munitions or pyrotechnic flash-blast ammunition can be achieved.
- inventively proposed ammunition a realistic training without a corresponding hazard by any explosive-containing duds.
- An unreacted in the breakdown decomposition effect mass is, depending on the fuel or fuel mixture used, usually no explosives-containing dud similar comparable hazard.
- the ignitability of the active mass is given only in a short time window at the impact decomposition to form an air-fuel mixture , Any fuel residue can, depending on the fuel or fuel mixture used, either easily weather on the training areas or easily absorbed and disposed of.
- Fuels or fuel blends installed in ammunition have previously been initiated only via explosive explosive breaker charges (such as flash bombs for reconnaissance photography) or pyrotechnic mixtures (various non-lethal agents and ammunition) to produce flash and glare effects.
- explosive-free generation of a multispectral signature with ammunition with explosive-free projectiles is unknown and can be used in ammunition in the caliber of 20 mm to 50 mm for grenade launchers and grenade weapons, in ammunition in caliber of 20 mm to 50 mm for machine guns, in ammunition in caliber from 40 mm to 81 mm for launcher installations, in ammunition in caliber of 50 mm to 120 mm for mortars, in sub-caliber munitions for mortars, in ammunition for apelookas and shoulder-launchable charges, in sub-caliber ammunitions for apelookas and shoulder-loadings, and in armored charges and artillery munitions are realized.
- the ammunition proposed according to the invention as a training ammunition for a realistic training,
- the multispectral signatures to be achieved with the ammunition proposed according to the invention can be controlled by the choice of the fuel or the fuel mixture, the particle sizes used and the initial weight.
- the relevant control possibilities of the multispectral signature to be achieved are comparatively greater in the case of the ammunition proposed according to the invention than in the case of ammunitions having a plurality of active masses arranged separately in the projectile in order to achieve a corresponding signature.
- the duration of the multispectral signature can be extended by using an aluminum powder of pyrocland quality by adding an alloy of aluminum and magnesium or by adding aluminum flakes of corresponding particle sizes.
- the additionally obtained with the combustion of the fuel or the fuel mixture visually-optical effect of smoke development can also be influenced by the choice of fuel or the fuel mixture.
- the smoke development can be enhanced by the addition of red phosphorus (white smoke) or by the addition of an organic fuel, for example naphthalene (white-gray to blackish smoke). If the smoke is rather undesirable, this can be counteracted by selecting the fuel or the fuel mixture.
- an aluminum powder in Pyroschliff quality by adding, for example, Lycopodium (a mixture of natural organic compounds derived from plants or plant components) or complete substitution of the aluminum powder by Lycopodium, the smoke development can be reduced.
- the ignition mechanism comprises at least one of a spark-cracking metal or a spark-cracking metal alloy or a spark-cracking ceramic.
- Suitable materials here are magnesium, cerium-iron alloys (Auermetal I), cerium-iron-lanthanum alloys (Auermetal II) or Auermetall III, without restricting the inventions preferred embodiments of ammunition to these examples.
- the forces occurring during the impact separation are used directly for spark generation by at least two mutually movable components.
- an ignition mechanism may be incorporated which indirectly utilizes the forces encountered in the impact disassembly to generate sparks by utilizing the piezoelectric effect.
- This comprises at least one component of the piezoelectric ignition mechanism made of a non-conductive material or a non-conductive ferroelectric material or a material with a permanent electric dipole.
- Suitable materials here are ceramics made of synthetic, inorganic, ferroelectric and polycrystalline ceramic materials, such as lead zirconate titanate or barium titanate, without restricting the inventions preferred embodiments of the ammunition to these examples.
- the fuel arranged therein or the fuel mixture arranged therein can be further from one be surrounded by secondary active mass, the is spatially separated from the fuel or fuel mixture by an insert in the projectile.
- This secondary active mass forms an open flame-attenuating and / or energy-absorbing cloud during the impact separation around the flammable air-fuel mixture, which in turn can detectably radiate the absorbed energy.
- an additional, visual-optical effect be integrated in the form of a Farbstau b compactes in the secondary active material.
- the secondary active material consists of:
- An inorganic pigment and / or an inorganic alloy and an organic dye or
- inorganic extinguishing agents are ammonium phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphates, phosphates and hydrogen phosphates of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, ammonium sulfate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, the sulfates and hydrogen sulfates of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals and the carbonates and bicarbonates of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, without the inventively preferred ones Limitations of ammunition to these examples.
- inorganic pigments and alloys examples include iron oxides, aluminum bronzes and brass, without restricting the embodiments of the ammunition which are preferred according to the invention to these examples.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an ammunition with an explosive-free projectile
- Fig. 2-5 further embodiments.
- the ammunition with an explosive-free projectile 20 - FIG. 1 a), b) - comprises a projectile casing 1 1, at least consisting of a housing.
- the support structure 3 with the ignition mechanism 4 with safety device 4 ' is arranged on the top or bottom side in the floor 11. In the rest position, the safety device 4 'locks the ignition mechanism 4. The forces occurring during firing unlock the safety device 4' and release the ignition mechanism 4.
- the cavity 5 formed by projectile body 1, projectile hood 2 and support structure 3 with ignition mechanism 4 with securing device 4 ' serves to receive a projectile effective mass 12.
- the inner chamber 6 serves to receive a primary projectile 14.
- the primary material 14 is a pulverulent or granulated or compressed fuel or a pulverulent or granulated or compressed fuel mixture.
- the outer chamber 7 serves to receive a secondary bullet active mass 15.
- the secondary active mass 15 is a pulverulent or granulated or compressed active material with open flame damping and / or energy absorbing / moderating properties and produced by adding an inorganic pigment and / or an inorganic alloy and / or an organic dye in the Aufschlagzerlegung an additionaldorfloptician effect.
- the occurring deceleration force causes a triggering of the ignition mechanism 4, wherein the mechanical energy is used by friction and / or shock directly for spark generation, or indirectly generated by exploiting the piezoelectric effect sparks.
- the air-fuel mixture generated during the impact decomposition is ignited by the simultaneously generated sparks of the ignition mechanism 4, so that an optical and thermal target signature is produced.
- the secondary active mass cloud generated at the same time around the flammable air-fuel mixture during the impact decomposition serves, depending on the composition of the secondary active mass 15, to produce an additional visual-optical signature and / or to shield and protect the environment from the thermal generated primarily Effect.
- the projectile 30 of the ammunition also consists here of the projectile hood 2 and the projectile body 1, into which a supporting structure 3 for the mechanical ignition mechanism, consisting of a bolt 8, a piston 9 and a securing mechanism 10, is installed.
- This support structure 3 takes the bolt 8 from a sparking substance or mixture of substances, which in turn is surrounded by the piston 9, which is locked in its rest position by the securing mechanism 10, which is deflected only by utilizing the centrifugal force immediately after firing and so the Releases piston which is now moved when hitting the projectile 30 on a possible target by the acting deceleration force from its rest position to the front and in the same course by mechanical contact with the bolt 8 sparking substance or mixture provides for the formation of one or more ignition sparks, the in turn light the effective mass 12 (14) released when the projectile 30 strikes and the projectile hood 2 bursts in the form of an air-fuel mixture.
- FIG. 4 shows a further preferred embodiment according to the invention for a spin-stabilized projectile 30 '.
- the projectile 30 'of the ammunition consists of the projectile hood 2 and the projectile body 1, in which a support structure 3 is installed for the ignition mechanism, which accommodates an electronic assembly 16, under which a piston 17 is positioned, which in its rest position by a securing mechanism 18th locked, which is deflected only by utilizing the centrifugal force immediately after firing and thus releases the piston 17, which is now moved when hitting the projectile 30 'to a possible target by the applied deceleration force from its rest position to the front and in the same course the In this case, piezo-electric ignition mechanism axially deformed, whereby an electrical voltage is generated, which generates by means of two electrodes one or more ignition sparks, which in turn released upon impact of the projectile 30 'and bursting the projectile cap 2 in the form of an air-fuel mixture Ignite effective mass 12.
- this consists of a projectile casing, at least consisting of a projectile body 41 and a projectile hood 42, in which a support structure 44 for the ignition mechanism 45 is integrated with safety device.
- the support structure 44 with the ignition mechanism 45 with securing means is arranged on the top or bottom side in the projectile 40.
- the securing device 45 ' is preferably unlocked manually before the shot.
- the securing device 45 ' is, for example, either a drawing pin or a rotary pin or a spring-loaded pin with a bayonet lock.
- the formed by projectile body 41, projectile hood 42 and support structure 44 with ignition mechanism 45 with securing means cavity 46 serves to receive a bullet active mass 47.
- the active mass 47 contained in the projectile 40 is a powdery or granulated or compressed fuel or a powdered or granulated or compressed fuel mixture.
- the deceleration force that occurs will trigger the firing mechanism 45, using mechanical energy from friction and / or impact directly to generate the spark, or indirectly generating sparks by utilizing the piezoelectric effect.
- the air-fuel mixture generated during the breakdown disassembly is ignited by the simultaneously generated sparks of the ignition mechanism 45, so that an optical and thermal target signature is produced.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012023700.6A DE102012023700A1 (de) | 2012-12-05 | 2012-12-05 | Munition mit explosivstofffreiem Geschoss zur Erzeugung einer multispektralen Zielsignatur |
PCT/EP2013/072570 WO2014086533A1 (de) | 2012-12-05 | 2013-10-29 | Explosivstofffreies geschoss für zielmarkierung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2929286A1 true EP2929286A1 (de) | 2015-10-14 |
EP2929286B1 EP2929286B1 (de) | 2019-03-27 |
Family
ID=49582716
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13789734.4A Active EP2929286B1 (de) | 2012-12-05 | 2013-10-29 | Explosivstofffreies geschoss für zielmarkierung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9513094B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2929286B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102012023700A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2729779T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014086533A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013002119A1 (de) | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-28 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Explosivstofffreies Geschoss zur Erzeugung einer thermischen Signatur |
US9726466B2 (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-08-08 | Dmd Systems, Llc | Fuel/air concussion apparatus |
WO2017156309A1 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-14 | Msato, Llc | Pellet shaped marking round for air rifles and pistols |
US10422613B2 (en) | 2016-12-01 | 2019-09-24 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Illuminants and illumination devices |
US10557696B2 (en) | 2016-12-01 | 2020-02-11 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Self-glowing materials and tracer ammunition |
DE102018104333A1 (de) | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-29 | Rwm Schweiz Ag | Geschoss mit pyrotechnischer Wirkladung |
DE102018129786B4 (de) * | 2018-11-26 | 2022-03-03 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Erprobungs- und/oder Übungsmunition |
SI25865A (sl) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-12-31 | AREX Proizvodnja orodij, naprav in storitve d.o.o., Šentjernej | Barvni markirni projektil |
CN110967378B (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2022-04-15 | 河北斐然科技有限公司 | 一种红外热成像检测用标识弹 |
CN113030425B (zh) * | 2021-02-01 | 2023-01-03 | 中北大学 | 一种等效模拟弹体侵彻钢靶的炸药安定性评估实验装置 |
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GB191316398A (en) * | 1913-07-16 | 1914-10-16 | Clifton West | Improvements in or connected with Projectiles. |
GB104374A (en) * | 1916-02-29 | 1917-02-28 | Matthew Henry Herd | Improvements in Bombs and the like. |
GB103891A (en) * | 1916-03-02 | 1917-02-15 | Emanuel Francis Kur | Improvements in Projectiles. |
GB104545A (en) * | 1916-03-09 | 1917-03-09 | George Thomas Revill | A New or Improved Range Finding Incendiary Bullet or Shell. |
BE425464A (de) * | 1936-12-07 | |||
US2342112A (en) * | 1941-10-18 | 1944-02-22 | Bencal John | Incendiary bomb |
US2383720A (en) * | 1942-12-23 | 1945-08-28 | Samuel B Hamilton | Incendiary bomb |
US2374230A (en) * | 1943-04-23 | 1945-04-24 | Nicholas William | Incendiary missile |
US3613585A (en) * | 1958-10-24 | 1971-10-19 | Us Army | High explosive antitank shell |
DE1927519A1 (de) * | 1969-05-30 | 1970-12-10 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Piezoelektrischer Aufschlagzuender |
US3786756A (en) * | 1972-11-15 | 1974-01-22 | L Looger | Gaseous grenade |
DE2558836C3 (de) * | 1975-12-27 | 1985-07-11 | Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg | Elektrischer Geschoßzünder |
US4493262A (en) * | 1982-11-03 | 1985-01-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Fuel air explosive device |
DE19717530C2 (de) * | 1997-04-25 | 1999-03-11 | Battelle Ingtechnik Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung von Gebäude-, insbesondere Bunkeranlagen |
US7055438B1 (en) | 2003-10-21 | 2006-06-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | System and method for a flameless tracer/marker utilizing heat marking chemicals |
US7418905B2 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2008-09-02 | Raytheon Company | Multi-mission payload system |
DE102004017464B4 (de) * | 2004-04-08 | 2006-05-18 | Nico-Pyrotechnik Hanns-Jürgen Diederichs GmbH & Co. KG | Patronierte Übungsmunition |
US7412929B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2008-08-19 | Law Enforcement Technologies, Inc. | Diversionary device |
US7571680B1 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2009-08-11 | Samuel Barran Tafoya | Ordnance canister with collapsible fuel-storing structure that after descent and impact atomizes and forcefully disperses fuel |
US7487726B2 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2009-02-10 | Vincent Montefusco | Fireball generator |
EP2464944B1 (de) | 2009-08-11 | 2017-12-13 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH | Projektil mit multispektraler markierungsfahne |
US8424456B2 (en) | 2009-10-05 | 2013-04-23 | Amtec Corporation | Non-dud signature training cartridge and projectile |
US8813652B2 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2014-08-26 | Amtec Corporation | Pyrophoric projectile |
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2012
- 2012-12-05 DE DE102012023700.6A patent/DE102012023700A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-10-29 WO PCT/EP2013/072570 patent/WO2014086533A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-10-29 EP EP13789734.4A patent/EP2929286B1/de active Active
- 2013-10-29 ES ES13789734T patent/ES2729779T3/es active Active
- 2013-12-05 US US14/098,106 patent/US9513094B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2014086533A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9513094B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
US20140305328A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
ES2729779T3 (es) | 2019-11-06 |
WO2014086533A1 (de) | 2014-06-12 |
DE102012023700A1 (de) | 2014-06-05 |
EP2929286B1 (de) | 2019-03-27 |
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