EP2927912B1 - Câble plat doté d'organe d'empêchement de court-circuit en cas d'incendie et utilisation et fabrication d'un tel câble plat - Google Patents

Câble plat doté d'organe d'empêchement de court-circuit en cas d'incendie et utilisation et fabrication d'un tel câble plat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2927912B1
EP2927912B1 EP15000414.1A EP15000414A EP2927912B1 EP 2927912 B1 EP2927912 B1 EP 2927912B1 EP 15000414 A EP15000414 A EP 15000414A EP 2927912 B1 EP2927912 B1 EP 2927912B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
flat cable
core
cores
resistant
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EP15000414.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2927912A1 (fr
Inventor
Onodi Tamas
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WOERTZ ENGINEERING AG
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Woertz Engineering AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/08—Flat or ribbon cables
    • H01B7/0823—Parallel wires, incorporated in a flat insulating profile

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flat cable with short circuit avoidance in case of fire and the use and manufacture of such a flat cable.
  • the evacuation time may be 30 minutes or more. These are therefore usually equipped with electrical emergency equipment that must be supplied in case of fire, at least for the evacuation time with electrical energy to allow evacuation. These include e.g. Smoke exhaust fan, emergency lighting, signs etc.
  • Flat cables are basically particularly suitable for functional integrity, as shown in the publication EP 2 375 505 A1 is known.
  • conventional round cables the wires are twisted together. In case of fire, therefore, after the conductor insulation has burnt, the wire conductors come to lie at the intersection points.
  • core conductors run without crossing points in the cable. Therefore, a flat cable behaves in terms of the risk of short circuit from the outset cheaper.
  • a flat cable has virtually no internal stress, as they are typical for twisted round cable, so has no pronounced tendency as the round cable to discard when burning the insulation.
  • the publication US 2009/0078446 A1 describes another fire-resistant cable, in which the core conductors are surrounded by a core insulation as a whole.
  • This common core insulation acts as a cladding mechanically fixing the conductor conductor.
  • the common insulation is made of a polymer that can be converted in case of fire at least on the surface in a ceramic state.
  • the common insulation is surrounded by an outer jacket, which leaves fire-resistant ash in case of fire.
  • the publication JP H01117204 A describes a fire-resistant flat cable in which the individual wire conductors (strands) are wrapped with a glass mica tape. The conductors are wound side by side and are held together by a surrounding layer of polyethylene. This layer is surrounded by a fire-resistant coat, which in turn is surrounded by a fabric cover.
  • cables are often used on metallic cable support systems, e.g. metallic cable racks lying out.
  • the present invention provides a flat cable with short circuit prevention in case of fire even when laying on an electrically conductive support body.
  • the flat cable comprises at least two cores, an intermediate sheath, at least one fire-resistant insulating layer and an outer sheath.
  • the at least two wires run parallel to each other in a plane.
  • the cores each have a core conductor and a core insulation of annular cross-section, wherein in at least one of the cores, the core insulation comprises extruded insulation material directly extruded onto the core conductor and ceramized in the event of fire.
  • the intermediate sheath encloses the cores as a whole and thereby encloses the core insulation directly on the outside thereof.
  • the intermediate sheath engages between two cores of a flat side of the flat cable to the other flat side.
  • the outer jacket surrounds the intermediate jacket and defines the outer contour of the flat cable.
  • At least one fire-resistant insulating layer is arranged between the intermediate casing and the outer casing.
  • Another aspect relates to the use of a flat cable described above on an electrically conductive support body, wherein the flat cable is oriented so that the at least one fire-resistant insulating layer comes to rest between the wires and the support body.
  • Another aspect relates to a method for producing a flat cable with short circuit prevention in case of fire, even when laying on an electrically conductive cable support.
  • the method comprises producing cores with a core insulation arranged directly on a wire conductor, ring-shaped in cross-section, applying an intermediate sheath to at least two cores, applying at least one fire-resistant insulating layer to the outside of the intermediate sheath and applying an outer sheath to the intermediate sheath together with the fire-resistant insulating layer ,
  • the production of cores with a core insulation arranged directly on a conductor, in cross-section annular insulation comprises producing the core insulation, an encapsulation of the core conductor with an insulating in the event of fire insulating material with an extruder.
  • the intermediate sheath is applied to a plurality of cores running parallel to one another in a plane, of which at least one core is equipped with the insulating in the event of fire insulating material, so that it encloses the cores in total, while the core insulations wrapped directly on the outside and between two Veins from one flat side of the flat cable to the other flat side passes through.
  • the outer jacket defines the outer contour of the flat cable.
  • the flat cable according to the invention is provided for short-circuit avoidance in case of fire, even when laid on an electrically conductive supporting body, for example a metallic (i.e., electrically conductive) cable rack.
  • Short circuit can be caused by electrical contact between two wire conductors. In the event of a fire, fire-resistant cable insulation does not burn due to high ambient temperatures or direct flame exposure.
  • this has e.g. two or three wires (a live wire, a wire for the neutral wire and possibly a wire for the protective conductor), in embodiments as a three-phase flat cable are e.g. four or five cores (one core per phase, and one conductor for the neutral conductor and, if necessary, one conductor for the protective conductor).
  • the individual wires include a wire conductor and a core insulation.
  • the individual core conductors of the flat cable have a cross-sectionally annular core insulation.
  • the core insulation comprises, in the event of fire, ceramising insulating material which is extruded directly onto the conductor surface, ie without additional intermediate layer.
  • fire ceramizing insulating materials are known in the art, such as from P. Eyerer et al., Polymer Engineering Technologies and Practice, Springer-Verlag, 2008, p. 111 .
  • the insulating material is, for example, a thermoplastic with one or more ceramizing additives in case of fire, which form a ceramic crust when the plastic burns.
  • the additives may be, for example, silicate material, metal or semimetal oxides (such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 ), or other suitable ceramizing materials such as zinc borate, or mixtures thereof.
  • the ceramizing plastic is applied, for example as a melt directly to the surface of the wire conductor, and surrounds the wire conductor in cross-section annular. If, in case of fire, the plastic of the core insulation burns off, the ceramizing additive forms the said insulating crust, which then still ensures a certain electrical insulation.
  • the flat cable comprises an intermediate sheath made of plastic, which surrounds the outside of the core insulation, for example, the intermediate sheath can be extruded onto the core insulation, and enclose the cores in total.
  • the veins do not touch, but run under one Distance from each other, and are defined by the swept intermediate sheath held at this distance.
  • this version is equipped with spaced wires with ceramic core insulation in case of fire to avoid short circuits between two wire conductors sufficient.
  • two ceramic core insulation layers are located between two live core conductors. It has been recognized, however, that with flat cables running on metallic cable support systems, short circuits can also occur between one or more core conductors and the electrically conductive support bodies. Between a core conductor and such an electrically conductive support body is in the event of fire, only a ceramicized core insulation.
  • the flat cable comprises at least one fire-resistant insulating layer.
  • the flat cable comprises a single fire-resistant insulating layer, in other embodiments, it comprises more than one such insulating layer, wherein the plurality of layers, for example, lie directly on one another and thus form a layer structure.
  • the at least one insulating layer is non-flammable and dimensionally stable upon exposure to fire, i. it retains its insulating property even in case of fire, for example in a kiln test at 750 ° C for at least 15 min at.
  • the fire-resistant insulating layer or the plurality of fire-resistant insulating layers are arranged outside of the intermediate sheath; It ensures (or ensure) so that in case of fire, an electrical insulation between the wires and the metallic support body of the flat cable.
  • the fire-resistant insulating layer extends e.g. over the entire surface between the respective outer wires of the flat cable and thus covers all the wires of the flat cable together with the wire gaps.
  • This structure is surrounded by an outer protective layer, the outer sheath, which defines the outer contour of the flat cable and, where appropriate, gives the cable resistance to aggressive substances and mechanical damage during normal operation and can be marked and labeled in color.
  • the cable described thus avoids not only direct short circuits between adjacent wires in case of fire, but also due to the reinforced fire-resistant equipment for flat side and those to a metallic support body. It is because of the relatively economical use of ceramizing plastic cheaper than known cable to produce.
  • the ceramic insulating material of the wire insulation in some embodiments comprises a plastic which is mixed with keramiserendem additive.
  • the plastic a flexible, non-halogenated thermoplastic polymer such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyamides, polylactate, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyetheretherketone, or mixtures thereof, which is mixed with the ceramizing additive.
  • the core conductors can be overmolded with a melt of the ceramizing additive added plastic, so as to obtain the wires including the ceramic core insulation.
  • ceramizing additives are, for example, silicate material, metal or semimetal oxide (such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O), or other suitable ceramizing material such as zinc borate, or mixtures thereof.
  • the ceramizing additive forms in case of fire, i. at temperatures at which the plastic in which the additive is burned off, an insulating crust.
  • the plastic is mixed with one or more crusting agents that leave a stable, non-conductive ash in case of fire.
  • the core insulation in its entire thickness of the extruded, in the event of fire keram isdem insulating material leads to a relatively thick insulating crust in case of fire.
  • the core insulation in the at least one core with ceramic in the event of fire insulating material constructed in two layers. Only an inner part of the core insulation is made of the extruded, in the event of fire ceramizing insulating material, while an outer part of the core insulation is made of non-fire-resistant plastic, so burns in case of fire.
  • a flat cable has inherently favorable fire performance characteristics (due to the absence of conductor crossovers and internal stresses); Due to these properties and by cooperation with the fire-resistant insulating layer outside the intermediate sheath, it is sufficient to form only a part of the core insulation fireproof.
  • the equipment of the cores with a non-fire resistant plastic sheath in addition to the fire-resistant facilitates that the conditions of normal operation (non-fire), such as strength, elasticity, resistance to aggressive substances, etc.) to core insulation can be more easily satisfied than alone with a fire resistant cladding.
  • the core insulation comprises an insulating material which ceramises in the event of fire. This expresses the fact that not all wires of the flat cable have to be equipped with this fire-resistant insulating material, but includes the possibility of a fire resistant equipment of all wires.
  • all the wires of the flat cable are equipped with in the event of fire keram isdem insulating material.
  • the core insulation is made entirely of non-fire-resistant plastic, so that it completely burns in case of fire.
  • the non-fire-resistant cores may be those cores which are intended to carry no voltage, that is, for example, around the conductor forming the protective conductor. Namely, fire-resistant insulation is not required with such a core because it is at the same (earth) potential as e.g. an electrically conductive cable rack is located, and therefore in case of loss of insulation in case of fire, a conductor contact e.g. with the cable rack has no short circuit result. By this measure, therefore, the required amount of ceramic insulating material is minimized.
  • the core forming the neutral conductor is not exactly at ground potential, since in the case of a three-phase system (and not least in a single-phase system) which is not exactly phase-compensated, a current flow takes place in the neutral conductor, the i.A. leads to a non-zero voltage of the neutral to ground.
  • the core forming the neutral conductor is equipped with insulating in the event of fire Keram ensue.
  • the voltage applied to the neutral voltage is considered to be negligible, so that (even) the core forming the neutral conductor is not equipped fireproof.
  • the intermediate sheath is made of a ceramizing in case of fire insulating material or plastic.
  • the plastic of the intermediate jacket is so a non-fire-resistant plastic that burns in the event of fire.
  • the intermediate sheath thus leaves, in contrast to the wire insulation of the live conductors, no insulating crust, or other insulating layer.
  • the intermediate sheath does not provide any fire-resistant insulation (such as additional encrustation) in the region of the penetration between the cores, in addition to that of the core insulation.
  • the intermediate coat thus makes no contribution to the fire protection; it rather serves (only) to stabilize the flat cable and the spacing of the wires in normal operation (ie in non-fire). In case of fire, the wires come to rest with the insulating crust formed from the wire insulation on the fire-resistant insulating layer.
  • the outer sheath can also be made of a ceramizing in case of fire insulating material or plastic.
  • the plastic of the outer shell is therefore a non-fire resistant plastic that burns in the event of fire.
  • the outer sheath thus leaves, in contrast to the wire insulation, no insulating crust, or other insulating layer.
  • the intermediate jacket is extruded directly and without an intermediate layer on the outside, so the surface, the core insulation.
  • a plastic melt is extruded directly onto the parallel juxtaposed wires and thereby forms the above-described penetration between two cores and ensures their spacing.
  • only the plastic of the passage of the intermediate sheath is located between two wires outside of the ring core in cross-section insulation. The thus ensured spacing of the wires acts preventively in case of fire against short circuit, since the wires are already far apart from the outset and thus less easily touch, i. can be in electrical contact with each other, can.
  • the spacing of adjacent wires from outside to outside of the adjacent wire insulation is at least equal to the wire radius.
  • the "core radius” is understood to mean the average radius of the two wires. This relatively large vein spacing is particularly preventive against short circuit, and thus cooperates with the other measures described for short-circuit prevention.
  • the fire-resistant insulating layer completely surrounds the intermediate jacket in the form of one or more windings, ie it is present on both flat sides of the flat cable.
  • the fire-resistant insulating layer is formed as a two-part insert on the two flat sides in each case between the intermediate jacket and the outer jacket.
  • the fire-resistant insulating layer may be provided only on the flat sides of the flat cable (i.e., not on its narrow sides), or it may also extend in the region of the narrow sides.
  • the flat cable on only one side of a fire-resistant insulating layer.
  • the fire-resistant insulating layer may be provided on only one flat side of the flat cable (i.e., not on the narrow sides thereof), or may extend in the region of the narrow sides.
  • fire-resistant insulating layer on only one of the two flat sides of the flat cable is in laying the flat cable on an electrically conductive support body of the flat cable, e.g. Metal planks to ensure that the cable with the said flat side with the fire-resistant insulating layer to the electrically conductive support body, i. oriented downwards. This ensures that the fire-resistant insulating layer is in case of fire between the wire conductors and the electrically conductive support body.
  • the outer sheath in some of these embodiments no 180 ° symmetry to the side with the at least one fire-resistant insulating layer by an asymmetrical configuration of the outer contour of the outer sheath of to make outward visible.
  • a flat cable in which the two possible orientations would be indistinguishable from the outside, had a 180 ° symmetry about an axis of symmetry in the middle of the cable in the cable longitudinal direction (because the two orientations correspond to a rotation of the cable through 180 ° about the said axis of symmetry ).
  • 180 ° symmetry means that a Flat cable can be turned around this axis, without its outer cross-sectional shape would differ in these two orientations.
  • various edge roundings of the essentially rectangular contour of the flat cable and / or an index nose and / or a recess on one or more of the outer sides of the outer jacket can be used.
  • a refraction of the symmetry is visible from the outside, how to orient the flat cable, so that the fire-resistant insulating layer is below.
  • the at least one fire-resistant insulating layer comprises a fire-resistant and electrically insulating mineral material, which prevents electrical contact between the wire conductors and the support body for the flat cable in case of fire.
  • the mineral is a silicate.
  • the fire-resistant insulating layer comprises a mica layer.
  • Mica is a fissile aluminosilicate that is electrically insulating and fire resistant.
  • the refractory insulating layer may be a flexible carrier tape, e.g. include a glass cloth tape.
  • the mica layer may be glued to the flexible carrier tape.
  • the flexible carrier tape is e.g. applied together with the mica layer in the preparation of the flat cable on the intermediate jacket, e.g. ironed.
  • the present description also relates to a use of the flat cable, in which it is designed on an electrically conductive support body. It is oriented so that the at least one fire-resistant insulating layer between the wires and the support body comes to rest. If the flat cable has a fire-resistant insulating layer on both flat sides, then it does not matter with which orientation the flat cable is laid. If, on the other hand, the fire-resistant insulating layer has only one flat side, the cable is oriented with the insulating layer to the carrier body, as mentioned above.
  • the method comprises the overmolding of core conductors with insulating in the event of fire insulating material, with an extruder.
  • the core insulation thus obtained encloses the conductors therefore with an annular cross-section directly on the surface thereof and thus represents a continuous fire-resistant protective layer with respect to the conductor surface.
  • the intermediate jacket is made.
  • this is also done by extrusion, e.g. the individual wires are parallel to each other in a plane from each other with an extruder with a plastic coating so that the plastic envelops the wires as a whole.
  • the plastic melt is e.g. Extruded directly onto the outside of the wire insulation and produces a substantially rectangular plastic block in which the wires are cast, the intermediate sheath.
  • the wires are so far apart that the intermediate sheath penetrates the cores from one of its flat sides to the opposite flat side.
  • the at least one fire-resistant insulating layer is applied to the outside of the intermediate jacket.
  • the refractory insulating layer may be bonded to the intermediate jacket, for example, by being glued or ironed onto the intermediate jacket. It is also possible to first add insulating layer and intermediate sheath without such connection, i. put on each other, and to provide a connection between the two only by the outer sheath, the e.g. can also be extruded.
  • the outer sheath is applied to the intermediate sheath together with the fire-resistant insulating layer; it defines the outer contour of the flat cable, depending on the arrangement of the fire-resistant insulating layer between the intermediate jacket and outer jacket.
  • this can also be done by extrusion, by providing the intermediate sheath together with the cores lying therein together with the fire-resistant insulating layer with an extruder with a plastic coating which forms the outer sheath.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a flat cable 1 with short circuit avoidance in case of fire, even when laying on an electrically conductive support body.
  • the flat cable 1 has in the three-phase system shown here by way of example, for example, five parallel wires 7, which run side by side in a plane at a fixed distance from each other.
  • Each of these five wires 7 consists of a metallic core conductor 2 in the middle and a core insulation surrounding this ring 3.
  • the core insulation 3 are each constructed of a single layer of insulating material.
  • the insulating material is mineral staggered plastic. The minerals burn at typical temperatures, above the normal operating temperature, when the plastic matrix in which they are located burns (above 200 ° - 300 ° C), a ceramic crust, which prevents a short circuit between the wire conductors 2.
  • the three left veins 7 are used in the in the Fig. 1 . 2 . 4, 5 shown flat cable 1, for example, as a phase conductor, while the right center of the core 7, for example, the neutral conductor and the right outside vein 7, for example, the protective conductor.
  • all cores 7 are of identical design, ie they have the same conductor cross-section, the same fire-resistant (ceramizing) core insulation and the same core spacings.
  • Others by the Fig. 1 and 2 In contrast, only the three live wires, that is, the phase conductors are equipped with fire resistant (ceramizing) wire insulation, while the core insulation of the protective conductor is made entirely of non-fire resistant plastic.
  • the neutral conductor is generally not completely de-energized; in some embodiments, it has fire-resistant core insulation (such as the phase conductors), but in other embodiments, non-fire-resistant core insulation (such as the protective conductor).
  • the individual wires 7 are embedded in a non-fire resistant intermediate sheath 4 made of plastic.
  • the intermediate casing 4 surrounds the wires 7 on all sides and in each case forms a passage between the individual wires 7 from one of the flat sides of the flat cable 1 to the other flat side.
  • the penetration of the intermediate sheath 4 ensures the parallel spacing of the wires 7 in normal operation and ensures in case of fire due to the distance between the wires 7 for additional short-circuit avoidance between the individual wire conductors. 2
  • the underside of the flat cable 1 is located outside of the intermediate sheath 4, a fire-resistant insulating layer 5, e.g. made of mica, if necessary on a glass cloth tape.
  • a fire-resistant insulating layer 5 e.g. made of mica, if necessary on a glass cloth tape.
  • this insulating layer 5 provides a remaining electrical insulation between the wires 7 and the optionally conductive contact surface of the flat cable 1.
  • the outer sheath 6 gives the flat cable 1 its outer contour.
  • the flat cable 1 has an index nose 8 on one of the two narrow sides of the outer jacket 6.
  • the asymmetrical outer contour of the flat cable 1, when later laying the flat cable 1, ensures that the side with the fire-resistant insulating layer 5, i. the mica layer is visible from the outside, so that the flat cable 1 is laid with this layer 5 down.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross section of the exemplary embodiment of a flat cable 1 with short circuit prevention in case of fire, even when laying on an electrically conductive support body, which is described above.
  • the flat cable 1 has e.g. five wires 7, wherein the wires 7 have a designated "21" diameter.
  • the distance "22" between the centers of two adjacent wire conductors 2 is at least 1.5 times the wire diameter 21.
  • the space between two adjacent wires 7 is filled by the passage of the intermediate jacket 4 from a flat side of the flat cable 1 to the other.
  • the intermediate casing 4 completely surrounds all wire insulation 3. At the side edges of the intermediate jacket 4 have fillets 25.
  • a fire-resistant insulating layer 5 in the form of a mica layer having a width 28 which extends at least from the outer edge of one of the two outer wires 7 to that of the other outer wire 7 and so electrical insulation between the wires 7 and one electrically conductive substrate in case of fire (ie burned intermediate jacket 4 and outer jacket 6) guaranteed.
  • Said electrically conductive support body for the flat cable 1 may, for example, a metallic cable rack 9 according to Fig. 3 be.
  • the example shown is a metal perforated metal cable tray with flanged upper edges.
  • the 4 and 5 show a schematic cross section of an embodiment of the flat cable 1 with two-layer core insulation on the cable rack 9 in the normal state, ie in non-fire ( Fig. 4 ) or in case of fire ( Fig. 5 ).
  • the 4 and 5 together with associated description meet in an analogous manner to the single-layer embodiment of Fig. 1 and 2 to.
  • the 4 and 5 thus illustrate the use of the embodiment of the Fig. 1 and 2 on an electrically conductive cable support before and after a fire.
  • the core insulation of the live wires 7 here the phase conductor and the neutral conductor
  • an inner layer of the core insulation 3 which is made of ceramic in the event of fire, ie fireproof plastic
  • an outer layer of the core insulation 10 made of non-fire-resistant plastic
  • the fire-resistant inner layer 3 is extruded directly onto the core conductor 2, while the non-fire-resistant outer layer 10 surrounds the inner layer 3.
  • This fire-resistant training of the core insulation can be provided with all wires 7, but can also be limited to the on live conductors (possibly including the neutral conductor).
  • the latter is in the 4 and 5 by way of example, in which the protective conductor 7a (on the right in the picture on the right) has a uniform (ie single-layered) core insulation made of non-fire-resistant plastic 10.
  • the flat cable 1 lies in the event of non-fire flat on the cable tray 9, wherein the fire-resistant insulating layer 5 down, i. oriented to the bearing surface of the flat cable 1.
  • the intermediate sheath 4 and the outer sheath 6 remains of the fire-resistant (ceramizing) layer of the core insulation 3, the intermediate sheath 4, the fire-resistant insulating layer 5 and the outer sheath 6 only an insulating crust 3 'to each of the live conductor 2 and the insulating layer 5 left.
  • the wires 7 'then lie with the insulating crust 3' directly on the fire-resistant insulating layer 5.
  • the protective conductor 7a 'does not form such a crust; the conductor 2 of the protective conductor 7a 'therefore lies directly on the fire-resistant insulating layer 5.
  • the insulating crusts 3' provide.
  • the insulating crusts 3 'and, in addition, the insulating layer 5 ensure insulation from the metallic cable tray 9.
  • the fire-resistant insulating layer 5 extends with the width 28 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) at least below the entire surface in which the wires 7 ', 7a' of the flat cable 1 extend. In other words, the fire-resistant insulating layer 5 extends at least over the entire width of the flat cable 1, in the case of fire veins 7 ', 7a' rest.
  • FIGS. 6A to C illustrate steps of an exemplary manufacturing method of the flat cable 1 for both embodiments of the Fig. 1 / 2 and Fig. 4/5 ,
  • the Figures 6A and 6C show a suitable extrusion device for this purpose in side view;
  • Fig. 6B shows such in plan view.
  • the manufacturing method is shown here with reference to a cable with only three wires 7.
  • the fire-resistant core insulation 3 or the fire-resistant inner layer 3 of the core insulation is sprayed onto the core conductor 2.
  • Fig. 6A shows the production of a single wire 7.
  • the other required wires 7 are prepared accordingly.
  • the core insulation 3 or the inner layer 3 of the core insulation is sprayed onto the core conductor 2 by extrusion of a plastics melt mixed with a ceramic additive in the event of fire directly.
  • the core conductor 2 eg copper wire
  • the extruder die 35 is circular and has a diameter which substantially corresponds to the outer diameter 21 of the core and the outer diameter of the inner layer 3, respectively.
  • the amount of plastic melt extruded per unit time and the feed rate of the copper wire are matched to each other, so that the outer diameter of the injected core insulation substantially the desired value, namely the nozzle diameter (core outer diameter 21 and Outside diameter of the inner layer 3) corresponds.
  • the plastic coating solidifies by cooling after exiting from the extruder die 35, and thus forms the ceramic insulation in the event of fire core insulation 3.
  • the wire 7 is wound on a take-up drum 33. The said mechanical stress is achieved by means of the take-off and take-up reels 31 and 33, respectively.
  • the outer layer of the core insulation 10 is extruded from non-fire-resistant plastic to the inner layer 3 in a further analog extrusion process.
  • Non-fire resistant cores 7a are prepared in an analogous manner in an extrusion process by extruding the core insulation 10 of non-fire resistant plastic directly onto the conductor 2.
  • the extruder die 45 corresponds in shape essentially to the outer contour of the intermediate jacket 4 to be produced Intermediate vein intersecting, and the veins 7 completely embedding intermediate coat 4.
  • the amount of extruded per unit time plastic melt and the feed rate of the wires 7 are in turn so matched to each other that the outer dimensions of the sprayed intermediate jacket 4th essentially correspond to the desired values, namely the nozzle dimensions or the thickness and width of the intermediate jacket 4.
  • the plastic coating solidifies by cooling after exiting the extruder die 45, thus forming the intermediate sheath 4 on the wires.
  • the resulting intermediate product 50 (intermediate casing 4 with the embedded wires 7) is wound onto a take-up drum 43.
  • the said mechanical stress is achieved by means of the take-off and take-up drums 41, 41 ', 41 "and 43, respectively.
  • the spraying of the (eg fire-resistant) outer jacket 6 onto the intermediate product 50 and a fire-resistant insulating layer 5 is carried out.
  • This is again carried out by extrusion of a plastic melt (containing, for example, no ceramizing additives) onto the intermediate product 50 and the fire-resistant insulating layer 5 Fig. 6C ,
  • the intermediate product 50 with the applied insulating layer 5 is mechanically stretched by a respective unwinding drum 51, 58 by a further extruder 57, namely pulled centrally through a shaping extruder die 55.
  • the fire-resistant insulating layer 5 is placed on one side only on the intermediate product 50.
  • the fire-resistant insulating layer 5 is placed on both sides of the intermediate product 50; this can be done, for example, by unwinding two fire-resistant insulating tapes from unwinding reels in the manner of the unwinding reel 58 shown, or by wrapping the intermediate product 50 with a fire-resistant insulating tape before this third extrusion process.
  • the extruder nozzle 55 corresponds in shape essentially to the outer contour of the flat cable 1 to be produced.
  • the intermediate jacket 4 including the fire-resistant insulating layer 5 embeds the outer jacket 6.
  • the amount of plastic melt extruded per unit time and the feed rate of intermediate product 50 and insulating layer 5 are again matched to one another that the outer dimensions of the outer jacket 6 substantially corresponds to the desired values, namely the nozzle dimensions or the thickness and width of the flat cable 1.
  • the plastic coating solidifies by cooling after exiting the extruder die 55, and thus forms the outer sheath 6.
  • the resulting finished flat cable 1 is wound onto a take-up drum 53.
  • the said mechanical stress is achieved by means of the take-off and Aufwickeltrommeln 51 and 53, respectively.

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Claims (18)

  1. Câble plat (1) doté d'un dispositif de prévention des courts-circuits en cas d'incendie même lorsqu'il est posé sur un support électriquement conducteur, comprenant :
    au moins deux fils (7, 7a) placés parallèlement l'un à côté de l'autre sur un plan ;
    chacun des fils (7, 7a) présentant un fil conducteur (2) et une isolation (3, 10) de section annulaire, l'isolation (3, 10) d'au moins l'un des fils (7) comprenant un matériau isolant extrudé directement sur le fil conducteur (2) et céramisable en cas d'incendie ;
    une gaine intermédiaire (4) qui entoure globalement les fils (7, 7a) tout en enveloppant directement les isolations (3, 10) à l'extérieur, la gaine intermédiaire (4) passant chaque fois entre deux fils (7, 7a) depuis un côté plat du câble plat jusqu'à l'autre côté plat ;
    une gaine extérieure (6) qui entoure la gaine intermédiaire (4) et définit le contour extérieur du câble plat (1) ;
    au moins une couche isolante (5) réfractaire disposée à l'extérieur sur la gaine intermédiaire (4) et située entre la gaine intermédiaire (4) et la gaine extérieure (6).
  2. Câble plat (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le matériau isolant céramisable comporte une matière plastique et au moins un adjuvant céramisable.
  3. Câble plat (1) selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l'adjuvant céramisable forme une croute isolante en cas d'incendie, lorsque la matière plastique brûle.
  4. Câble plat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel l'isolation d'au moins un fil (7) réalisé avec un matériau isolant céramisable est fabriquée, sur toute son épaisseur (3), dans un matériau isolant extrudé sur le brin et céramisable en cas d'incendie.
  5. Câble plat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel une partie interne (3) de l'isolation d'au moins un fil (7) réalisé avec un matériau isolant céramisable est fabriquée dans le matériau isolant extrudé sur le brin et céramisable en cas d'incendie, alors qu'une partie externe (10) de l'isolation est fabriquée dans une matière plastique non réfractaire.
  6. Câble plat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel
    - tous les fils (7) sont équipés d'un matériau isolant céramisable en cas d'incendie ; ou
    - uniquement une partie des fils (7) est équipée d'un matériau isolant céramisable en cas d'incendie, alors que l'isolation (10) d'un ou plusieurs fils (7a), qui ne sont pas destinés à conduire la tension, est fabriquée dans une matière plastique non réfractaire qui brûle en cas d'incendie.
  7. Câble plat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel la gaine intermédiaire (4) est fabriquée dans une matière plastique non réfractaire qui brûle en cas d'incendie sans laisser de croute isolante ou de couche isolante.
  8. Câble plat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel la gaine intermédiaire (4) est extrudée directement sur le côté extérieur des isolations (3, 10).
  9. Câble plat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel la distance entre des fils voisins (7, 7a), où passe la gaine intermédiaire (4), correspond au moins au rayon des fils (7, 7a) mesuré du côté extérieur au côté extérieur des isolations (3, 10).
  10. Câble plat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel au moins une couche isolante réfractaire (5) est disposée sur les deux côtés plats du câble plat (1).
  11. Câble plat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel la couche isolante réfractaire (5) est disposée uniquement sur l'un des deux côtés plats du câble plat (1).
  12. Câble plat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans lequel la forme de la gaine extérieure (6) du câble plat (1) n'est pas symétrique à 180°, de sorte que le côté plat du câble sur lequel est disposée au moins une couche isolante réfractaire (5), est visible de l'extérieur.
  13. Câble plat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, dans lequel au moins une couche isolante réfractaire (5) comporte une substance minérale isolante réfractaire.
  14. Câble plat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, dans lequel au moins une couche isolante réfractaire (5) comporte du silicate.
  15. Câble plat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, dans lequel au moins une couche isolante réfractaire (5) comporte une couche de mica.
  16. Utilisation d'un câble plat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, de manière que le câble plat (1) soit configuré sur un support électriquement conducteur, le câble plat (1) étant orienté de telle façon qu'au moins une couche isolante réfractaire (5) vienne se poser entre les fils (7, 7a) et le support.
  17. Procédé de fabrication d'un câble plat (1) doté d'un dispositif de prévention des courts-circuits en cas d'incendie même lorsqu'il est posé sur un support électriquement conducteur, comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    Fabrication de fils (7) avec une isolation (3, 10) de section annulaire disposée directement sur un fil conducteur (2), la fabrication de l'isolation (3, 10) comprenant un enrobage d'un fil conducteur (2) avec un matériau isolant céramisable en cas d'incendie à l'aide d'une extrudeuse (37) ;
    Application d'une gaine intermédiaire (4) sur plusieurs fils (7, 7a) dont au moins un (7) est équipé du matériau isolant céramisable en cas d'incendie, les fils (7, 7a) étant placés parallèlement l'un à côté de l'autre sur un plan, la gaine intermédiaire (4) entourant globalement les fils (7, 7a) tout en enveloppant les isolations (3, 10) directement à l'extérieur et passant chaque fois entre deux fils (7, 7a) depuis un côté plat du câble plat jusqu'à l'autre côté plat ;
    Application d'au moins une couche isolante réfractaire (5) à l'extérieur sur la gaine intermédiaire (4) ;
    Application d'une gaine extérieure (6) sur la gaine intermédiaire (4) avec la couche isolante réfractaire (5), laquelle gaine extérieure définit le contour externe du câble plat (1).
  18. Procédé de fabrication d'un câble plat (1) selon la revendication 17, avec d'autres caractéristiques selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15.
EP15000414.1A 2014-03-31 2015-02-11 Câble plat doté d'organe d'empêchement de court-circuit en cas d'incendie et utilisation et fabrication d'un tel câble plat Active EP2927912B1 (fr)

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