EP2918743A1 - Verfahren zum Entwerfen und Bauen von Wohnungen - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Entwerfen und Bauen von Wohnungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2918743A1
EP2918743A1 EP15158742.5A EP15158742A EP2918743A1 EP 2918743 A1 EP2918743 A1 EP 2918743A1 EP 15158742 A EP15158742 A EP 15158742A EP 2918743 A1 EP2918743 A1 EP 2918743A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storey
dimensional
modules
module
prefabricated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15158742.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Solheid
André HEYEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Naturhome SA
Original Assignee
Naturhome SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from LU92490A external-priority patent/LU92490B1/xx
Application filed by Naturhome SA filed Critical Naturhome SA
Publication of EP2918743A1 publication Critical patent/EP2918743A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34869—Elements for special technical purposes, e.g. with a sanitary equipment
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34838—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34861—Elements not integrated in a skeleton particular arrangement of habitable rooms or their component parts; modular co-ordination
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B2001/34892—Means allowing access to the units, e.g. stairs or cantilevered gangways

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new method for the rapid design and construction of single dwellings, particularly houses.
  • the building or construction sector is full of solutions to offer attractive solutions to future owners, with a focus on either the attractive price, the originality of the construction, or the sustainability either energy performance, comfort, speed of construction, etc. Unfortunately, these criteria are often mutually exclusive.
  • the house is designed and designed according to the wishes and budget of the client, this phase being followed by the classic construction on site with the simultaneous, successive, interspersed, repeated implication of all the trades of the construction.
  • the major advantage of this type of construction is certainly the architectural freedom.
  • the disadvantages of this classical system is the relatively long duration of construction, the hazards and extra costs of traveling to the site (sometimes distant) of workers, employees and subcontractors, the difficulty of coordinating the work of these many contributors, the hazards and additional costs due to climatic conditions, etc.
  • the second solution is to use parts of three-dimensional houses prefabricated in the factory and assembled on site.
  • Some current solutions allow significant architectural freedom, while others are more restrictive.
  • the dwelling must in principle be chosen from a number of types of houses with more or fewer variants.
  • the advantages are the possibility of integrating a certain number of technical equipment, the predictability of costs and the speed of construction.
  • the disadvantages are generally limitations due to the fact that the houses must be divisible into transportable modules from the factory to the site, and that part of this transport must be done by expensive exceptional convoys.
  • Another disadvantage is that these modules are often large are subject to airtightness and / or thermal insulation at the junctions between these modules ('work' of the wood, expansion / contraction depending on climatic conditions, ).
  • the third solution is to prefabricate two-dimensional walls used for the envelope of the building, so its insulation and its tightness to water and air.
  • the main advantage is the ease and durability of the airtightness and insulation of the building.
  • the disadvantage compared to the second solution is that it is complex or impossible to integrate as much technical equipment, such as electrical ducts, mechanical ventilation, landfills, water supply, heating system, ... Stakeholder travel as well as relative hazards are less important than with the first solution but still significantly larger than with the second solution.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to propose a new and original construction concept allowing the construction of individualized houses that are energy efficient while reducing manufacturing and assembly costs, as well as delays.
  • the present invention proposes in a first aspect a method for designing and constructing a dwelling with at least two floors comprising the positioning and the assembly of modules on foundations.
  • the modules are selected on one side from one or more three-dimensional modules rigid enough to be handled and transported without damaging the equipment and integrated finishes (also called self-supporting three-dimensional modules) and prefabricated in the factory selected from a single-stage module, bi -Store or multi-storey of stairwell or two-storey or multi-storey elevator, a single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey unit of sanitary room and a single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey technical room; and on the other hand out of a plurality of preferably prefabricated two-dimensional modules selected from external walls, interior partitions, floors (and / or slabs) and roof elements (eg roof panels). ).
  • the invention relates to a method for designing and constructing a dwelling of at least two floors comprising positioning and assembling modules on foundations, wherein the modules are selected from at least one three-dimensional module. of a stairwell or elevator, at least one three-dimensional module of sanitary room and at least one three-dimensional module of technical room, and a plurality of two-dimensional modules selected from external walls, interior partitions, floors and elements of roof.
  • Each of the three-dimensional modules is rigid enough to be handled and transported without damaging the equipment and finishes integrated and prefabricated at the factory.
  • the two-dimensional modules are preferably also prefabricated at the factory.
  • the invention is based initially on the observation of the inventors that the design and construction of dwellings, especially single-family houses, mobilizes a great deal of resources from both the future owner and the architect trying to satisfy the wishes of his client. Indeed, unless you choose a relatively standard construction according to a predefined plan, the number of queries that arise before the design starts and the number of decisions to be made throughout the project by the future owner are as many obstacles which are at the origin of the gap between the expectations of the owner, the realities on the building site and the final result.
  • the originality of the present invention is largely based on the fact that the inventors have found that it is possible to greatly simplify the process both during the design stage, than during the construction step. Indeed, they recognized that a house actually has two types of building blocks, namely on the one hand the “parts with technical function” (the stairs, the kitchen, the sanitary rooms like the bathroom, the shower room and toilets, so-called technical premises such as a laundry room, the boiler room or technical “boxes” for the passage of water pipes, heating, ventilation, electricity, etc.) and on the other hand, "habitable rooms” (living room, bedrooms, etc.). These two types of construction elements have totally different logics and constraints.
  • the inventors have also found that it is possible to further reduce construction costs by limiting one of the dimensions of the three-dimensional modules. Therefore, in a preferred aspect, the three-dimensional modules have at least one of their dimensions less than or equal to the maximum width allowed for conventional transport, without resorting to the exceptional convoy.
  • This dimension may vary from country to country, but in a general way, these dimensions make it possible to meet all the technical and legal requirements to which technical function parts, such as the width of a staircase, the dimensions of a bathroom or a boiler room. In practice, this (at least one) dimension is a multiple of 1.15 to 1.29 m, with a maximum of 2.50 to 2.59 m.
  • dimension or “dimensions” in the context of the three-dimensional modules are to be understood as being the dimensions of the smallest rectangular parallelepiped circumscribing the module, namely in height, width and length.
  • the at least one dimension can therefore be the width, the height or the length, as the case may be.
  • Dimensional indications of three-dimensional modules are given with a tolerance of +/- 5 cm unless explicitly stated otherwise.
  • the present invention makes it possible to significantly reduce the costs and the duration of design and construction, while allowing for simplified planning and improved control of the work.
  • a further aspect of the invention thus also relates to three-dimensional modules for the construction of a dwelling to at least two floors, the three-dimensional modules being selected from a single-stage module, two-storey or multi-storey staircase or two-storey or multi-stage elevator, a single-stage module, two-stage or multi-stage floor of sanitary room and a single-stage module, two-storey or multi-storey technical room, the three-dimensional modules preferably having at least one of their dimensions a dimension which is at most 250 to 259 cm, preferably between 115 and 127.5 cm or between 230 and 255 cm
  • a further aspect of the invention further relates to a building kit for the construction of a dwelling with at least two floors, comprising at least one three-dimensional module single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey stairwell or two-stage or multi-stage elevator, at least one three-dimensional single-storey module, two-storey or multi-storey sanitary room and at least one three-dimensional module single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey technical room , each of the three-dimensional modules being self-supporting and prefabricated at the factory.
  • the invention also contemplates a kit for constructing an at least two-story dwelling comprising one or more three-dimensional modules as described herein and a plurality of two-dimensional modules selected from exterior walls, interior partitions, floors and building elements. roof.
  • a final aspect of the invention provides a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium having, stored therein, data representing executable instructions by a processor programmed for the design and display of a dwelling to at least two stages comprising the positioning and assembly of modules on foundations, the modules being chosen from one or more three-dimensional modules selected from a single-stage, two-stage or multi-storey module of a stairwell or two-storey or multi-stage elevator, a single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey unit of sanitary room and a single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey unit of technical room; and among a plurality of two-dimensional modules selected from outer walls, interior partitions, floors, roof elements.
  • the three-dimensional modules comprise at least one three-dimensional module single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey staircase or two-storey or multi-stage elevator, at least two three-dimensional modules single-stage, two-storey or multi-storey sanitary room (WC and bathroom or shower room) and at least a single-storey module, two-storey or multi-storey technical room (laundry room, boiler room).
  • the term “foundation” or “foundations” generally means all structures intended to provide the basic stability of a construction and includes the superficial, semi-deep and deep according to the needs of the construction site. In addition to this conventional meaning, this term also includes, where appropriate, the floor or the upper slab of a cellar or crawl space, or a wooden floor directly supported on studs.
  • a prefabricated module is a building component that represents a discrete element of an assembly, but is semi-finished or finished in the factory and assembled on site with other prefabricated modules or not.
  • a three-dimensional prefabricated module is a self-supporting structure (that is to say a sufficiently rigid structure to be able to be handled and transported without damaging the equipment and possible integrated finishes) defining a free three-dimensional space having a technical function, such as a technical room or a stairwell or elevator, a kitchen, toilets, etc. It should be noted that these three-dimensional modules may have external walls or partitions on some of their sides or even parts of their sides only. These prefabricated three-dimensional modules generally play at least one technical function in the future building, for example a kitchen, a bathroom, a toilet, a technical room, a technical duct, a chimney, the passage of technical elements (ducts, cables , conduits, etc.), etc.
  • a three-dimensional module staircase single-stage is a priori sufficient to connect two floors in that the space above the module remains free / accessible.
  • a three-dimensional module two-stage or multistage can be achieved by the superposition of two or more three-dimensional single-stage modules (identical or different), for reasons of reducing the bulk during transport, simplification of handling and / or positioning on site, for reasons of rationalization of manufacture, or for any reason.
  • a module three-dimensional multi-stage can itself be realized by the superposition of single-stage modules, two-stage and / or multi-stages (identical or different).
  • a two-dimensional module does not define an interior space alone. These are generally partitions or walls, interior or exterior, partitions, floors or parts thereof, roof elements, etc. In general, these preferably prefabricated two-dimensional modules already incorporate the majority of technical elements, such as thermal and / or sound insulation, (location) of doors and windows, electrical wiring, possibly (part of) finishing outside, etc.
  • the two-dimensional modules notably represent the outer walls or internal partitions.
  • outer walls these will generally comprise several layers, namely an outer facing layer, one or more insulating layers, the structure, a possible lath technique and an inner layer with finishes.
  • their exterior facing is wood, plaster, facade cladding panels, cladding, stone, brick, etc.
  • Interior partitions can also have multiple layers.
  • the method or construction kit preferably comprises at least four different three-dimensional modules, namely a stairwell or elevator module, two sanitary modules (WC and bathroom / shower room), and a technical module ( laundry, boiler room). Additional / optional modules may be provided according to the wishes of the client, namely an additional number of modules above or one or more other modules, for example kitchen, dressing, car-port, garage, terrace, pergola, etc.
  • the materials usable for the prefabrication of the two- and three-dimensional modules are the known conventional materials. Preferably, however, these materials are chosen for their durability, respect for the environment and their acoustic and thermal insulation performance.
  • the preferred material is mainly wood or its derivatives.
  • the design phase is computer-assisted, in particular by a configuration software running on a personal computer or accessible via a website for choosing the size and shape of the house and to arrange the modules b- and three-dimensional in space.
  • the method of designing and constructing a dwelling with at least two floors according to the invention comprises several phases.
  • the first is of course the actual design of the dwelling.
  • the present invention proposes to simplify this step by making available a particular configuration or configuration software incorporating the precepts of the invention.
  • the configurator makes it easy to build plans for the future home by knowing immediately the financial impact of each choice.
  • the configuration lasts for example between 45 minutes and 1:30 depending on the complexity of the project. It is possible to save the plans and a detailed quote is provided.
  • the total corresponds to a perfectly equipped and finished house. In order to know the complete and final budget of the project, it is necessary to add to the amount of this estimate the price of the land, the cost of earthworks and foundations or cellars, the architect's fees and safety and health missions, the costs of connection, energy certification, fitted kitchen and lighting.
  • the configurator works on any computer, for example PC, Mac or laptop.
  • the customer chooses the shape of his house and he fixes the dimensions. Once the external volume is defined, it is invited to position the self-supporting three-dimensional modules that are the WC, the technical room, the staircase and the bathroom (s). He can then delimit spaces using the mouse by placing, stretching, turning partitions as he pleases.
  • the configurator After adjusting the heights and alignments of the frames on the different facades, the configurator will display the house in three dimensions. The customer finally defines the external appearance of the latter by choosing the type of siding, the colors of frame and the color of the frames.
  • the Fig. 1 represents, by way of example, a perspective view of a three-dimensional module single-stage bathroom placed above a three-dimensional module single-floor room technical.
  • the Fig. 2 is an example of a three-dimensional, two-stage WC module comprising a technical box section for the passage of water pipes, heating pipes, discharges, ventilation ducts and electricity between floors. Indeed, the WC part does not take up all the space. The back of the module can be left free to place all ducts and pipes to go from one floor to another.
  • the double WC module is useful for vertical technical connections. Note that the width of such a module may be about 115 to 127.5 cm, preferably 125 cm. Two stacked single-stage modules can replace the two-stage module.
  • the Fig. 3 shows a three-dimensional module stairwell two-stage usable in the context of the present invention. Even if the stairwell does not have much technical equipment, it is often complex, is based on real measurements on the site, is "tailor-made” and therefore expensive.
  • the three-dimensional module according to the invention allows a well thought out functional solution, a production repeatability and an interesting cost reduction.
  • the Fig. 4 shows seven examples of three-dimensional mono-floor bathroom modules with different interior layouts.
  • the bathroom has almost all the technical equipment: water, electricity, sanitary, ventilation, heating.
  • the prefabrication in three-dimensional module allows to integrate all these elements before the transport towards the building site.
  • the finishes tilting, painting, furniture, electricity, lighting, Certainly can also be done in the factory.
  • the Fig. 5 shows six examples of three-dimensional mono-floor kitchen modules with different configurations.
  • the kitchen is also a lot of technical elements. It integrates electricity, ventilation, water supply and landfills.
  • the three-dimensional module again allows a large number of different finishes.
  • the Fig. 6 shows an example of WC sanitary unit (single-storey, two-storey or multi-storey) with "box" for technical passage between the levels.
  • the Fig. 7 shows an example of a technical room / laundry room.
  • Technical room and laundry room can be two separate modules or a single module.
  • the technical equipment generally integrated are: mechanical ventilation unit, domestic hot water tank (DHW), heat pump or other heating system.
  • For the laundry washing machine, dryer.
  • DHW domestic hot water tank
  • the ventilation ducts and / or their preparation can already be placed from the VMC group to one of the walls. It will only remain to connect these sheaths between the different modules on the site. This can possibly be done via a false ceiling.
  • the Fig. 8 presents examples of three-dimensional modules classified according to their size.
  • the three-dimensional modules preferably have multiple dimensions of 1.25 m, preferably with a dimension of 2.50 m which is the maximum width to avoid transport by exceptional convoy. They can be divided into sizes S, M, L. Options O concern for example a car-port, a pergola, a garage, caps or trellis, ...
  • the arrows represent the places likely to receive a door, on different sides of the three-dimensional modules.
  • the Fig. 9 is an example of a two-story house design.
  • the Fig. 10 shows the different possibilities of mounting the three-dimensional modules from the point of view of stability and self-lift.
  • a module of the stage must be positioned in such a way that its load must be taken up either by the structure of an outer wall, or by at least one side of one or more three-dimensional module (s) placed (s) ) below the ground floor, either by the combination of the two. If necessary, a column must be added.
  • the Fig. 11 features two CAD drawings with the various three-dimensional modules and two-dimensional walls that make up the ground floor and the floor of the house.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
EP15158742.5A 2014-03-12 2015-03-12 Verfahren zum Entwerfen und Bauen von Wohnungen Withdrawn EP2918743A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU92398 2014-03-12
LU92490A LU92490B1 (fr) 2014-06-30 2014-06-30 Procédé de conception et de construction d'habitations

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2918743A1 true EP2918743A1 (de) 2015-09-16

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EP15158742.5A Withdrawn EP2918743A1 (de) 2014-03-12 2015-03-12 Verfahren zum Entwerfen und Bauen von Wohnungen

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EP (1) EP2918743A1 (de)
BE (1) BE1022745B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210040723A1 (en) * 2018-03-05 2021-02-11 Fluxus Llc Prefabricated Building System

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3855743A (en) * 1970-10-15 1974-12-24 A Wokas Building construction
WO2005088021A1 (en) * 2004-03-15 2005-09-22 Grzegorz Olesch A transportable modular building and method of constructing thereof
EP2617912A1 (de) * 2012-01-23 2013-07-24 Inter Hospitality Holding B.V. Vorgefertigtes Modul für ein Gebäude

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3855743A (en) * 1970-10-15 1974-12-24 A Wokas Building construction
WO2005088021A1 (en) * 2004-03-15 2005-09-22 Grzegorz Olesch A transportable modular building and method of constructing thereof
EP2617912A1 (de) * 2012-01-23 2013-07-24 Inter Hospitality Holding B.V. Vorgefertigtes Modul für ein Gebäude

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210040723A1 (en) * 2018-03-05 2021-02-11 Fluxus Llc Prefabricated Building System

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE1022745A1 (fr) 2016-08-29
BE1022745B1 (fr) 2016-08-29

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