EP2906385B1 - Welding method for assembling an aluminium sheet having a port with a steel sheet - Google Patents

Welding method for assembling an aluminium sheet having a port with a steel sheet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2906385B1
EP2906385B1 EP13767041.0A EP13767041A EP2906385B1 EP 2906385 B1 EP2906385 B1 EP 2906385B1 EP 13767041 A EP13767041 A EP 13767041A EP 2906385 B1 EP2906385 B1 EP 2906385B1
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Prior art keywords
opening
welding
steel
sheet
metal
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EP13767041.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2906385A1 (en
Inventor
Romaric Lenoir
Daniel BARDET
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PSA Automobiles SA
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PSA Automobiles SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/323—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
    • B23K33/008—Filling of continuous seams for automotive applications
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K9/232—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded of different metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B23K2101/185—Tailored blanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of assembling sheets of different materials, one of the sheets is steel and the other aluminum according to the preamble of claim 1 (see, for example, CN102049591 A ).
  • JP2006159253 proposes a method of assembly of steel / aluminum tubes, the steel tube being superimposed on the steel tube and spaces being provided for depositing filler metal and formed a seal between the two.
  • EP 1 997 579 proposes a process for assembling steel and aluminum using a fluorine and aluminum-based filler wire.
  • the linear dilatations are 23.1.10-6 K-1 for Al and 12.6.10-6 K-1 for Fe (ferrite).
  • the differences in deformation caused by cooling will result in very high levels of stress (traction or compression) in the welds, which greatly favors the appearance of cracks.
  • Mass thermal capacity Thermal conductivity al 897 J.Kg-1.K-1 237 Wm-1.K-1 Fe 450 J.Kg-1.K-1 (ferrite) 75 Wm-1.K-1 (ferrite)
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a method that makes it possible to obtain an assembly of sheets made of different materials exhibiting different thermal behaviors, such as a steel sheet and an aluminum sheet which makes it possible to integrate changes in direction, if possible with soft transitions in order to distribute the normal and tangential stresses.
  • the present invention relates to a method of assembling sheets of different materials as defined in claim 1.
  • the sheets are for one based on aluminum and the other steel which have different physical and thermal properties. So, in performing welding only at this light, we obtain a weld between the steel and aluminum sheets equivalent to an electric spot welding which, it is not feasible.
  • the assembly produced according to the invention has a greatly improved mechanical strength, in particular having better tensile shear and pure tensile strength values. .
  • the method according to the invention also comprises a preliminary step of cutting a light in one of the sheets in a so-called superposition area.
  • the light formed in the sheet is an elongated form of light said buttonhole-shaped.
  • the welding used in the method of the invention is an electric arc welding type CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) and used as a filler metal, an alloy based on aluminum, silicon and of manganese such as AlSi3Mn.
  • CMT Cold Metal Transfer
  • the welding step is thus performed at the light from one end of said light to the other end, making oscillating passes from one edge to another of the light.
  • one of the sheets comprises the light and the other sheet has at least one part stamped so that said at least one relief resulting from the stamping, is housed in the light of the other sheet. during the superimposition of the sheets, said relief being positioned in the light with a clearance with respect to the edge of the light.
  • the method according to the invention further comprises a drawing step (for example by clinching) of a sheet in a so-called superposition area to form a portion in relief in said sheet.
  • this portion in relief housed with play in the light further improves the mechanical strength of the assembly made after the welding step.
  • the at least one light is formed in the aluminum sheet, the sheet metal steel being provided with at least one relief that can be housed with play in said light, during the superposition of the sheets.
  • the raised relief is in the form of a pin.
  • the clearance between the pin and the edge of the light in which said pin protrudes during the superposition of the sheets is preferably at least equal to the radius of said pin.
  • the light being according to the invention in the form of a buttonhole, it can be provided on the other sheet of household two pins that protrude into the light during assembly.
  • each sheet 1, 2 comprises a so-called superposition zone 11, 21.
  • the sheet 1 which is aluminum has previously undergone a step of cutting a light 12 in said zone 11.
  • This light 12 has an elongated so-called buttonhole shape.
  • the two sheets 1 and 2 superimposed can be seen the steel sheet 2 through the slot 12 formed in the sheet 1.
  • the welding step is then carried out using a solder electric arc of the CMT type.
  • a solder electric arc of the CMT type For example, an AlSi3Mn filler wire is used under gas protection by argon.
  • the welding parameters (arc intensity, protection gas flow rate, filler wire diameter, etc.) are conventional to implement for the skilled person.
  • the welding is then implemented from one end 12a of the buttonhole to the other 12b, making oscillating passes from one edge to the other of the buttonhole 12. The oscillations are therefore sinusoidal.
  • the sheet 1 is a specimen aluminum ALUMINUM 5182, a thickness of 1.2 mm, dimensions 38 mm x 125 mm and the dimensions of the buttonhole are 16 mm x 8 mm.
  • the sheet has been degreased.
  • the sheet 2 is a STEEL test tube, 1 mm thick, coated G 10/10, dimensions 38 mm x 125 mm and degreased.
  • the welding mode is the type of welding CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) Thread: nature : Alu Si 3 Mn Diameter: 12/10 Gas: Nature : Arcal 1 (Argon) Debit : 15 l / min Distance contact tube / piece: 14 mm / 1mm Welding position: Flat and horizontal Bath support: Yes
  • Thread feeding speed 4.5 m / min
  • Arc height correction value -5%
  • Welding intensity 72amp
  • Welding speed 600 mm / min
  • Oscillation angle 90
  • the weld bead 3 obtained is of very good quality and consists of a "spot" weld. This weld is then subjected to tensile tests (conventional methods) to measure the degree of resistance to the breaking of this weld, whether in shear or in pure tension.
  • the assembly process according to the invention is carried out under the same conditions as those described for the Figures 2a and 2b , but is made more in the steel sheet 2 two pins 22 by clinching.
  • the diameter of the pins 22 is 4 mm and preferably the minimum clearance between the periphery of the pins 22 and the edge of the light 12 is then 2 mm.
  • the welding step is then carried out according to the same conditions as above and the assembly as shown in FIG. figure 3a . after submitting this assembly to tensile tests performed in a similar manner, the following values are obtained for the shear tensile force 590 daN (decanewton) and 80 daN for the pure tension (tearing at the normal of the weld).
  • the assembly method according to the invention which implements the reliefs of the steel sheet associated with the light of the aluminum sheet makes it possible to double the pure tensile strength of the assembly thus produced and this, relatively simple to implement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'assemblage de tôles en matériaux différents, dont l'une des tôles est en acier et l'autre en aluminium conformément au préambule de la revendication 1 (voir, par exemple, CN102049591 A ).The present invention relates to a method of assembling sheets of different materials, one of the sheets is steel and the other aluminum according to the preamble of claim 1 (see, for example, CN102049591 A ).

Dans le domaine automobile et plus particulièrement dans le cadre d'une réduction de la consommation énergétique et donc d'une réduction des émissions de CO2, on souhaite alléger le plus possible les véhicules automobiles. Ainsi, dans l'optique d'allégement des structures, il peut être envisagé de remplacer certains constituants en acier par des éléments en alliage d'aluminium plus légers.In the automotive field and more particularly in the context of a reduction in energy consumption and therefore a reduction in CO2 emissions, it is desired to reduce as much as possible motor vehicles. Thus, in view of lightening structures, it may be envisaged to replace certain steel components with lighter aluminum alloy elements.

Pour assembler deux constituants dont l'un est en acier et l'autre à base d'aluminium, des solutions d'assemblage mécaniques dites classiques (rivetage, clinchage, vissage) sont connues et applicables. Cependant, il peut être nécessaire, pour des questions de rigidité de réaliser des liaisons continues entre ces éléments.In order to assemble two constituents, one of which is made of steel and the other of which is based on aluminum, conventional mechanical assembly solutions (riveting, clinching, screwing) are known and applicable. However, it may be necessary for stiffness issues to achieve continuous connections between these elements.

La métallurgie des alliages Fe-Al étant extrêmement complexe, tout assemblage par fusion entre ces deux matériaux nécessite l'utilisation de technologies particulières et la mise en place de modes opératoires dédiés.The metallurgy of Fe-Al alloys being extremely complex, any assembly by fusion between these two materials requires the use of particular technologies and the establishment of dedicated procedures.

On connaît par DE 199 13436 , un procédé d'assemblage d'une plaque acier et d'une plaque en aluminium, un évidement conique étant ménagé dans la plaque en acier permettant à un laser d'atteindre la plaque en aluminium pour y ménager un cratère qui est ensuite rempli de métal d'apport jusqu'à la surface de la plaque en acier. Compte-tenu des différences de point de fusion entre aluminium et acier, la température nécessaire pour ménager le cratère dans la plaque en aluminium n'a pas d'effet sur l'acier. Lors du refroidissement du métal d'apport, la liaison est faite du fait de la forme en cône qui retient mécaniquement la plaque en acier sur la plaque en aluminium le métal d'apport étant en outre ancré au niveau du cratère de la plaque en aluminium.We know by DE 199 13436 , a method of assembling a steel plate and an aluminum plate, a conical recess being formed in the steel plate allowing a laser to reach the aluminum plate to create a crater which is then filled with filler metal to the surface of the steel plate. Given the differences in the melting point between aluminum and steel, the temperature required to protect the crater in the aluminum plate has no effect on the steel. When cooling the filler metal, the connection is made because of the cone shape which mechanically retains the steel plate on the aluminum plate, the filler metal being further anchored at the crater of the aluminum plate .

JP2006159253 propose un procédé d'assemblage de tubes acier/aluminium, le tube acier étant superposé sur le tube acier et des espaces étant prévus pour déposer du métal d'apport et formé un joint entre les deux. JP2006159253 proposes a method of assembly of steel / aluminum tubes, the steel tube being superimposed on the steel tube and spaces being provided for depositing filler metal and formed a seal between the two.

EP 1 997 579 propose un procédé d'assemblage d'acier et de d'aluminium à l'aide d'un fil d'apport à base de fluor et aluminium. EP 1 997 579 proposes a process for assembling steel and aluminum using a fluorine and aluminum-based filler wire.

De même, les études réalisées ont démontré la nécessité d'adapter la conception des joints soudés aux spécificités du soudage acier / aluminium.Similarly, the studies carried out have demonstrated the need to adapt the design of welded joints to the specificities of steel / aluminum welding.

En effet, l'acier et l'aluminium sont des matériaux qui présentent des propriétés physiques très différentes ce qui rend complexe tout assemblage par fusion. Les principales différences sont les suivantes :Indeed, steel and aluminum are materials that have very different physical properties which makes any fusion assembly difficult. The main differences are:

L'écart entre les températures de fusion, Al de 660°C et Fe de 1536°C est considérable et s'accroit encore pour les alliages d'aluminium contenant du silicium. Cet écart très pénalisant en soudage où l'on recherche plutôt la fusion des deux matériaux, peut toutefois s'avérer bénéfique dans le cas d'un brasage (dans ce cas on a une fusion de l'aluminium tandis que l'acier reste solide).The difference between the melting temperatures, Al of 660 ° C. and Fe of 1536 ° C. is considerable and is still increasing for silicon-containing aluminum alloys. This very disadvantageous gap in welding where it is rather the fusion of the two materials, however, may be beneficial in the case of brazing (in this case we have a fusion of aluminum while the steel remains solid ).

Les dilatations linéiques sont de 23,1.10-6 K-1 pour Al et de 12,6.10-6 K-1 pour Fe (ferrite). Les différences de déformation engendrées au refroidissement entraineront des niveaux de contraintes (traction ou compression) très importantes dans les soudures, ce qui favorise grandement l'apparition de fissures.The linear dilatations are 23.1.10-6 K-1 for Al and 12.6.10-6 K-1 for Fe (ferrite). The differences in deformation caused by cooling will result in very high levels of stress (traction or compression) in the welds, which greatly favors the appearance of cracks.

Par ailleurs, les propriétés thermiques de l'aluminium et de l'acier sont également différentes, engendrant des comportements thermiques des deux matériaux très différents. Capacité thermique massique Conductivité thermique Al 897 J.Kg-1.K-1 237 W.m-1.K-1 Fe 450 J.Kg-1.K-1 (ferrite) 75 W.m-1.K-1 (ferrite) Moreover, the thermal properties of aluminum and steel are also different, giving rise to thermal behaviors of the two very different materials. Mass thermal capacity Thermal conductivity al 897 J.Kg-1.K-1 237 Wm-1.K-1 Fe 450 J.Kg-1.K-1 (ferrite) 75 Wm-1.K-1 (ferrite)

Ainsi, lorsqu'on applique une source de chaleur, la répartition énergétique présente une forte dissymétrie de part et d'autre de la liaison. Les conditions opératoires de soudage sont donc toujours très complexes.Thus, when a heat source is applied, the energy distribution shows a strong asymmetry on both sides of the connection. The welding operating conditions are therefore always very complex.

Une autre difficulté à réaliser un soudage acier / aluminium est issue du fait qu'il est impossible d'obtenir un alliage ductile entre ces deux matériaux. En effet, la solubilité de l'aluminium dans l'acier étant quasi-nulle, il se forme très rapidement des composés intermétalliques fragiles qui rendent impossible toute utilisation mécanique des alliages formés. Le diagramme d'équilibre prévoit la formation de nombreux composés définis ou intermétalliques.Another difficulty in achieving a steel / aluminum welding results from the fact that it is impossible to obtain a ductile alloy between these two materials. Since the solubility of aluminum in steel is almost zero, fragile intermetallic compounds are formed very rapidly, which makes any mechanical use of the alloys formed impossible. The equilibrium diagram provides for the formation of numerous defined or intermetallic compounds.

La solution communément adoptée pour réaliser un assemblage est donc, non pas de souder, au sens propre du terme, l'acier et l'aluminium mais de réaliser une liaison par diffusion, assimilable à du brasage. Ainsi, l'aluminium est porté à l'état liquide alors que l'acier reste solide.The solution commonly adopted to achieve an assembly is therefore not to weld, in the strict sense of the term, steel and aluminum but to achieve a diffusion bond, similar to soldering. Thus, the aluminum is brought to the liquid state while the steel remains solid.

Bien qu'il soit impossible d'éviter la formation des composés intermétalliques, il est toutefois possible d'en maitriser la nature et l'épaisseur de couche en jouant sur l'apport calorifique à l'assemblage, c'est-à-dire en utilisant des technologies de soudage de type arc CMT(Cold Metal Transfer) ou laser.Although it is impossible to avoid the formation of intermetallic compounds, it is possible, however, to control the nature and the thickness of the layer by adjusting the calorific contribution to the assembly, that is to say using arc-type (Cold Metal Transfer) or laser arc welding technologies.

Toutefois, les analyses métallurgiques ont confirmé la présence des composés intermétalliques entre le métal d'apport et l'acier. Ainsi, bien qu'il ait été démontré que l'épaisseur de la couche formée soit maitrisable par l'utilisation de technologies CMT ou laser, il n'en reste pas moins que cette couche est fragile et qu'il s'avère nécessaire d'adapter la conception des joints soudés aux spécificités de cette liaison.However, metallurgical analyzes confirmed the presence of intermetallic compounds between the filler metal and the steel. Thus, although it has been demonstrated that the thickness of the layer formed is controllable by the use of CMT or laser technologies, the fact remains that this layer is fragile and that it is necessary to adapt the design of the welded joints to the specificities of this connection.

Parmi les configurations de plan de joint, on peut utiliser celle à clin (voir la figure 1) qui se comporte très bien en traction cisaillement. Toutefois, une telle configuration ne supportera pas de contrainte lorsque cet assemblage sera sollicité perpendiculairement à la couche (en traction pure selon la direction F) ou bien en pelage.Among the lay-out configurations, one can use the seam pattern (see figure 1 ) which behaves very well in shear tensile. However, such a configuration will not withstand stress when this assembly will be biased perpendicular to the layer (in pure tension in the direction F) or in peel.

L'invention a donc pour objet de proposer un procédé qui permet d'obtenir un assemblage de tôles en matériaux différents présentant dans comportements thermiques différents, telles que d'une tôle acier et d'une tôle aluminium qui permet d'intégrer des changements de direction, si possible avec des transitions douces afin de répartir les sollicitations normales et tangentielles.The object of the invention is therefore to propose a method that makes it possible to obtain an assembly of sheets made of different materials exhibiting different thermal behaviors, such as a steel sheet and an aluminum sheet which makes it possible to integrate changes in direction, if possible with soft transitions in order to distribute the normal and tangential stresses.

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé d'assemblage de tôles en matériaux différents tel que défini dans la revendication 1.The present invention relates to a method of assembling sheets of different materials as defined in claim 1.

Conformément à l'invention, les tôles sont pour l'une à base d'aluminium et pour l'autre en acier qui présentent des propriétés physiques et thermiques différentes. Ainsi, en réalisant le soudage uniquement au niveau de cette lumière, on obtient une soudure entre les tôles d'acier et d'aluminium équivalente à une soudure électrique par point qui, elle, n'est pas réalisable. Au contraire d'un assemblage de tôles acier/aluminium qui serait réalisé selon une configuration à clin, l'assemblage réalisé selon l'invention présente une tenue mécanique grandement améliorée, en particulier présentant de meilleures valeurs de résistance en traction cisaillement et en traction pure.According to the invention, the sheets are for one based on aluminum and the other steel which have different physical and thermal properties. So, in performing welding only at this light, we obtain a weld between the steel and aluminum sheets equivalent to an electric spot welding which, it is not feasible. In contrast to an assembly of steel / aluminum sheets which would be made in a clinched configuration, the assembly produced according to the invention has a greatly improved mechanical strength, in particular having better tensile shear and pure tensile strength values. .

Ainsi, le procédé selon l'invention comprend également une étape préalable de découpe d'une lumière dans une des tôles dans une zone dite de superposition.Thus, the method according to the invention also comprises a preliminary step of cutting a light in one of the sheets in a so-called superposition area.

Conformément à l'invention, la lumière ménagée dans la tôle est une lumière de forme allongée dite en forme de boutonnière.According to the invention, the light formed in the sheet is an elongated form of light said buttonhole-shaped.

Le soudage mis en oeuvre dans le procédé de l'invention est un soudage à l'arc électrique du type CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) et on utilise en tant que métal d'apport, un alliage à base d'aluminium, de silicium et de manganèse tel que AlSi3Mn.The welding used in the method of the invention is an electric arc welding type CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) and used as a filler metal, an alloy based on aluminum, silicon and of manganese such as AlSi3Mn.

L'étape de soudage est ainsi réalisée au niveau de la lumière depuis une extrémité de ladite lumière jusqu'à l'autre extrémité, en réalisant des passes oscillantes d'un bord à l'autre de la lumière.The welding step is thus performed at the light from one end of said light to the other end, making oscillating passes from one edge to another of the light.

Conformément à l'invention, l'une des tôles comporte la lumière et l'autre tôle présente au moins une partie emboutie de telle sorte que ledit au moins un relief résultant de l'embouti, est logé dans la lumière de l'autre tôle lors de la superposition des tôles, ledit relief étant positionné dans la lumière avec un jeu par rapport au bord de la lumière.According to the invention, one of the sheets comprises the light and the other sheet has at least one part stamped so that said at least one relief resulting from the stamping, is housed in the light of the other sheet. during the superimposition of the sheets, said relief being positioned in the light with a clearance with respect to the edge of the light.

Ainsi, le procédé selon l'invention comprend en outre une étape d'emboutissage (par exemple par clinchage) d'une tôle dans une zone dite de superposition pour former une partie en relief dans ladite tôle.Thus, the method according to the invention further comprises a drawing step (for example by clinching) of a sheet in a so-called superposition area to form a portion in relief in said sheet.

De manière avantageuse, on a pu constater que cette partie en relief logée avec jeu dans la lumière améliore encore les qualités de tenue mécanique de l'assemblage réalisé après l'étape de soudage.Advantageously, it has been found that this portion in relief housed with play in the light further improves the mechanical strength of the assembly made after the welding step.

Conformément à l'invention, la au moins une lumière est ménagée dans la tôle d'aluminium, la tôle d'acier étant pourvue d'au moins un relief pouvant se loger avec jeu dans ladite lumière, lors de la superposition des tôles.According to the invention, the at least one light is formed in the aluminum sheet, the sheet metal steel being provided with at least one relief that can be housed with play in said light, during the superposition of the sheets.

De préférence, le relief ménagé est sous forme d'un picot. Le jeu entre le picot et le bord de la lumière dans laquelle ledit picot est en saillie lors de la superposition des tôles est de préférence au moins égal au rayon dudit picot.Preferably, the raised relief is in the form of a pin. The clearance between the pin and the edge of the light in which said pin protrudes during the superposition of the sheets is preferably at least equal to the radius of said pin.

La lumière étant conformément à l'invention sous forme d'une boutonnière, on peut prévoir sur l'autre tôle de ménager deux picots qui feront saillie dans la lumière lors de l'assemblage.The light being according to the invention in the form of a buttonhole, it can be provided on the other sheet of household two pins that protrude into the light during assembly.

On décrira maintenant l'invention plus en détails en référence au dessin dans lequel :

  • La figure 1 représente un assemblage de deux tôles acier/alu selon la configuration à clin de l'état de la technique ;
  • La figure 2a représente une vue en plan du dessus de deux tôles assemblées avant l'étape de soudage ;
  • La figure 2b représente une vue en plan selon la figure 2a une fois l'étape de soudage effectuée ;
  • La figure 3a représente une vue en plan du dessus de deux tôles assemblées selon l'invention avant l'étape de soudage ;
  • La figure 3b représente une vue en plan selon la figure 3a une fois l'étape de soudage effectuée ;
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawing in which:
  • The figure 1 represents an assembly of two steel / aluminum sheets according to the clinch configuration of the state of the art;
  • The figure 2a represents a plan view from above of two sheets assembled before the welding step;
  • The figure 2b represents a plan view according to the figure 2a once the welding step has been completed;
  • The figure 3a represents a top plan view of two sheets assembled according to the invention before the welding step;
  • The figure 3b represents a plan view according to the figure 3a once the welding step has been completed;

Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2a, le procédé d'assemblage propose dans un premier temps de superposer les deux tôles 1, 2. Ainsi, chaque tôle 1, 2 comporte une zone dite de superposition 11, 21.As can be seen on the figure 2a , the assembly method proposes in a first time to superimpose the two sheets 1, 2. Thus, each sheet 1, 2 comprises a so-called superposition zone 11, 21.

La tôle 1 qui est en aluminium a au préalable subi une étape de découpe d'une lumière 12 dans ladite zone 11. Cette lumière 12 présente une forme allongée dite en boutonnière.The sheet 1 which is aluminum has previously undergone a step of cutting a light 12 in said zone 11. This light 12 has an elongated so-called buttonhole shape.

Une fois, les deux tôles 1 et 2 superposées, on peut voir la tôle d'acier 2 au travers de la lumière 12 ménagée dans la tôle 1. On réalise alors l'étape de soudage à l'aide d'un soudage à l'arc électrique du type CMT. Par exemple, on utilise un fil d'apport en AlSi3Mn sous protection gazeuse par argon. Les paramètres de soudage (intensité de l'arc, débit du gaz de protection, diamètre du fil d'apport, etc) sont classiques à mettre en oeuvre pour l'homme du métier. Le soudage est alors mis en oeuvre depuis une extrémité 12a de la boutonnière jusqu'à l'autre 12b, en réalisant des passes oscillantes d'un bord à l'autre de la boutonnière 12. Les oscillations sont donc sinusoïdales.Once, the two sheets 1 and 2 superimposed, can be seen the steel sheet 2 through the slot 12 formed in the sheet 1. The welding step is then carried out using a solder electric arc of the CMT type. For example, an AlSi3Mn filler wire is used under gas protection by argon. The welding parameters (arc intensity, protection gas flow rate, filler wire diameter, etc.) are conventional to implement for the skilled person. The welding is then implemented from one end 12a of the buttonhole to the other 12b, making oscillating passes from one edge to the other of the buttonhole 12. The oscillations are therefore sinusoidal.

Dans l'exemple choisi, la tôle 1 est une éprouvette en ALUMINIUM 5182, d'une épaisseur de 1,2 mm, de dimensions 38 mm x 125 mm et les dimensions de la boutonnière sont 16 mm x 8 mm. La tôle a été dégraissée.In the example chosen, the sheet 1 is a specimen aluminum ALUMINUM 5182, a thickness of 1.2 mm, dimensions 38 mm x 125 mm and the dimensions of the buttonhole are 16 mm x 8 mm. The sheet has been degreased.

La tôle 2 est une éprouvette en ACIER, d'épaisseur 1 mm, de revêtement G 10/10, de dimensions 38 mm x 125 mm et dégraissée.The sheet 2 is a STEEL test tube, 1 mm thick, coated G 10/10, dimensions 38 mm x 125 mm and degreased.

Le mode de soudage est du type Mode de soudage CMT (Cold Metal Transfert) Fil d'apport : nature : Alu Si 3 Mn Diamètre: 12/10 Gaz : Nature : Arcal 1 (Argon) Débit : 15 l/ min Distance tube contact/pièce : 14 mm /1mm Position de soudage : A plat et horizontale Support de bain : oui The welding mode is the type of welding CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) Thread: nature : Alu Si 3 Mn Diameter: 12/10 Gas: Nature : Arcal 1 (Argon) Debit : 15 l / min Distance contact tube / piece: 14 mm / 1mm Welding position: Flat and horizontal Bath support: Yes

Paramètres source de soudage:Welding source parameters:

Vitesse de dévidage du fil :Thread feeding speed: 4,5 m/min4.5 m / min Valeur de correction de hauteur d'arc :Arc height correction value: -5%-5% Intensité de soudageWelding intensity 72amp72amp Vitesse de soudage :Welding speed: 600 mm/min600 mm / min Paramètres d'oscillation utilisés :Oscillation parameters used: Type d'oscillation :Oscillation type: Sinusoïdalesine Longueur d'une période d'oscillation :Length of an oscillation period: 1.5 mm1.5 mm Amplitude d'oscillation :Amplitude of oscillation: 11 mm11 mm Angle d'oscillation :Oscillation angle: 90°90

Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2a, le cordon de soudure 3 obtenu est de très bonne qualité et constitué une soudure « par point ».On soumet ensuite cette soudure à des essais de traction (méthodes classiques) pour mesurer le degré de résistance à la rupture de cette soudure que ce soit en cisaillement ou en traction pure.As can be seen on the figure 2a the weld bead 3 obtained is of very good quality and consists of a "spot" weld. This weld is then subjected to tensile tests (conventional methods) to measure the degree of resistance to the breaking of this weld, whether in shear or in pure tension.

On obtient alors les valeurs suivantes pour la traction cisaillement 585 daN (décanewton) et 35 daN pour la traction pure (arrachement à la normale de la soudure).The following values are obtained for the shear tensile 585 daN (decanewton) and 35 daN for the pure tension (tearing at the normal of the weld).

Aux figures 3a et 3b, on réalise le procédé d'assemblage selon l'invention dans les mêmes conditions que celles décrites pour les figures 2a et 2b, mais on réalise de plus dans la tôle 2 en acier deux picots 22 par clinchage. De préférence, le diamètre des picots 22 est de 4 mm et de préférence le jeu minimal entre la périphérie des picots 22 et le bord de la lumière 12 est alors de 2 mm.To the Figures 3a and 3b , the assembly process according to the invention is carried out under the same conditions as those described for the Figures 2a and 2b , but is made more in the steel sheet 2 two pins 22 by clinching. Preferably, the diameter of the pins 22 is 4 mm and preferably the minimum clearance between the periphery of the pins 22 and the edge of the light 12 is then 2 mm.

On réalise ensuite l'étape de soudage selon les mêmes conditions que précédemment et on obtient alors l'assemblage tel que représenté à la figure 3a. après soumission de cet assemblage aux essais de traction réalisés de manière similaire, on obtient les valeurs suivantes pour la traction cisaillement 590 daN (décanewton) et 80 daN pour la traction pure (arrachement à la normale de la soudure).The welding step is then carried out according to the same conditions as above and the assembly as shown in FIG. figure 3a . after submitting this assembly to tensile tests performed in a similar manner, the following values are obtained for the shear tensile force 590 daN (decanewton) and 80 daN for the pure tension (tearing at the normal of the weld).

Comme on peut le voir de ces valeurs, le procédé d'assemblage selon l'invention qui met en oeuvre les reliefs de la tôle d'acier associée à la lumière de la tôle d'aluminium permet de doubler la tenue en traction pure de l'assemblage ainsi réalisé et ce, de manière relativement simple à mettre en oeuvre.As can be seen from these values, the assembly method according to the invention which implements the reliefs of the steel sheet associated with the light of the aluminum sheet makes it possible to double the pure tensile strength of the assembly thus produced and this, relatively simple to implement.

Claims (4)

  1. Method for assembling metal sheets made of different materials, which comprises at least one step of superimposing the metal sheets (1, 2) and a welding step, one of the metal sheets having at least one opening (12) through which the other metal sheet (1, 2) is accessible, one of the metal sheets being made of steel (2) and the other metal sheet (1) being aluminium-based, the at least one opening (12) being arranged in the aluminium-based metal sheet (1) and the welding step being implemented at the level of said opening (12), through welding such as CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) type electric arc welding, laser welding wherein an aluminium, silicon and manganese-based alloy is used as a filler metal, characterised in that the steel metal sheet (2) has at least one stamped part, such that during the step of superimposing the metal sheets (1, 2), at least one elevation (22) resulting from the stamping, is housed protruding in the opening (12) of the other metal sheet (1), said elevation (22) being positioned in the opening (12) with a gap in relation to the edge of the opening (12) which is an opening of an elongated shape, called a slotted hole shape.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the aluminium, silicon and manganese-based alloy is AlSi3Mn.
  3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the welding step is carried out from an end (12a) of the opening (12) up to the other end (12b), by making oscillating passes from one edge to the other of the opening (12).
  4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the elevation arranged in one of the metal sheets is in the form of a wedge (22), of which the dimensions are chosen such that the gap between the wedge (22) and the edge of the opening (12) wherein said wedge (22) protrudes during the superimposition of the metal sheets (1, 2) is preferably at least equal to the radius of said wedge (22).
EP13767041.0A 2012-10-09 2013-09-09 Welding method for assembling an aluminium sheet having a port with a steel sheet Active EP2906385B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1259612A FR2996479B1 (en) 2012-10-09 2012-10-09 METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING SHEETS IN DIFFERENT MATERIALS
PCT/FR2013/052070 WO2014057183A1 (en) 2012-10-09 2013-09-09 Welding method for assembling an aluminium sheet having a port with a steel sheet

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EP2906385B1 true EP2906385B1 (en) 2018-06-06

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Citations (2)

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CN102049591A (en) * 2010-12-29 2011-05-11 上海交通大学 Dissimilar metal spot welding system of light metal and coated steel and welding method thereof
CN102500853A (en) * 2011-10-14 2012-06-20 兰州理工大学 Cold metal transfer connection method of aluminum/steel dissimilar metal

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DE19913436C1 (en) * 1999-03-25 2000-12-14 Erbsloeh Ag Welded connection between components of different materials has additional material welded to one component and used to fill recesses in other component
JP2006159253A (en) * 2004-12-07 2006-06-22 Kobe Steel Ltd Weld joint of different material of iron-based material and aluminum-based material
WO2007094203A1 (en) * 2006-02-17 2007-08-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Flux-cored wire for different-material bonding and method of bonding different materials
JP4256879B2 (en) * 2006-02-17 2009-04-22 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Method of joining iron-based material and aluminum-based material and joint
CN101264547A (en) * 2008-05-07 2008-09-17 哈尔滨工业大学 Tungsten electrode-consuming electrode indirect electric arc welding device and its welding method
CN102091873A (en) * 2011-01-28 2011-06-15 长春理工大学 Method for performing laser welding by filling powder between aluminum sheet and steel sheet
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CN102049591A (en) * 2010-12-29 2011-05-11 上海交通大学 Dissimilar metal spot welding system of light metal and coated steel and welding method thereof
CN102500853A (en) * 2011-10-14 2012-06-20 兰州理工大学 Cold metal transfer connection method of aluminum/steel dissimilar metal

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ES2674162T3 (en) 2018-06-27
EP2906385A1 (en) 2015-08-19
CN104703743B (en) 2018-07-03
WO2014057183A1 (en) 2014-04-17
FR2996479A1 (en) 2014-04-11
CN104703743A (en) 2015-06-10
FR2996479B1 (en) 2015-11-13

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