WO2009024684A1 - Method for producing an element for use in the chemical industry - Google Patents

Method for producing an element for use in the chemical industry Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009024684A1
WO2009024684A1 PCT/FR2008/000971 FR2008000971W WO2009024684A1 WO 2009024684 A1 WO2009024684 A1 WO 2009024684A1 FR 2008000971 W FR2008000971 W FR 2008000971W WO 2009024684 A1 WO2009024684 A1 WO 2009024684A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal
layer
called
inner layer
radial
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2008/000971
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Emmanuel Kelbert
Original Assignee
Carbone Lorraine Equipements Genie Chimique
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Application filed by Carbone Lorraine Equipements Genie Chimique filed Critical Carbone Lorraine Equipements Genie Chimique
Publication of WO2009024684A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009024684A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the manufacture of chemical engineering equipment, for example the manufacture of shaped elements of chemical engineering, such as, for example, reactor elements with hemispherical bottoms and cylindrical walls.
  • the invention relates to the field of equipment designed to withstand both high pressure and vacuum, and which have a high resistance to corrosion.
  • reactors typically include a cylindrical side wall and curved bottoms.
  • the curved bottoms and the side wall are assembled either by mechanical means, for example by means of flanges, or by welding.
  • these enclosures and reactors must also have a high resistance to any type of corrosion, particularly in view of the extreme danger presented by leakage in a pressure vessel, typically at a pressure greater than 5 bar; but there are also reactors that must be able to work under a much higher pressure, namely 20 bar or even 50 bar (5 MPa).
  • the Applicant has already developed methods for manufacturing plates made of multilayer metal materials capable of resisting corrosion, as described for example in French Patent No. 2,883,006 and in International Applications WO02 / 051576 and WO 03/097230.
  • the applicant has formed pregnant or elements of chemical devices by shaping these plates of multilayer materials by welding them edge to edge.
  • these manufacturing processes ensure an assembly of a thin corrosion-resistant coating, for example of the order of 1 mm, on a support of much greater thickness.
  • a method of the prior art comprising an explosion clad.
  • DE 20 2006 009145 Ul discloses a method of assembling a decorative piece of aluminum on a steel part, and of another on the other hand, the European patent EP 0 911 423 which discloses an assembly mode by edge-to-edge welding of two parts, by hot spraying a powder of particles in a gas stream.
  • the plaintiff who seeks to manufacture chemical engineering equipment comprising metal layers of anticorrosion material of relatively small thickness given their high cost of anticorrosive materials, has found that this poses problems of assembly. edge-to-edge welds or high-quality clapboard becoming more difficult to achieve in the case of relatively thin layers, typically for a tantalum thickness of less than 0.5 mm.
  • the Applicant has also sought to limit the risk of contamination of welds and corrosion related to welds and the various means of assembly of the various components of the chemical engineering elements to be manufactured.
  • a chemical engineering element comprising at least one anticorrosion metal metal layer forming a so - called inner layer ensuring a corrosion resistance of said element and a so - called outer metal layer serving as support for said inner layer, said element being preferably a shaped element: a) said inner layer is formed from a so-called inner metal strip, for example by assembling by a so-called longitudinal weld at least two so-called inner portions of said inner metal strip disposed edge to edge forming between them a so-called longitudinal recessed portion, so as to form a so-called multiple large inner layer adapted to that of said chemical engineering element, b) said outer layer is formed from a so-called metal strip external in a metal said support, if necessary in assemb edge to edge at least two so-called outer portions of said outer strip so as to form a so-called multiple outer layer, c) said inner and outer layers are secured by a radial assembly means by virtue of at least one radial recessed portion, so as
  • the method is characterized in that said longitudinal weld and / or said radial joining means are formed by projecting at a high speed by means of a projection device, into said longitudinal and / or radial recessed portion, a powder of said anticorrosion metal by means of a gaseous flow, so as to fill said longitudinal and / or radial recessed portion of said powder in the form of a compact metallic mass having a density at least equal to 0.8 times the density of said anticorrosion metal and so that said inner layer is a uniform inner layer because made of the same corrosion-resistant metal.
  • the method applies to form any planar or shape element of a chemical engineering device.
  • cold deposition in English
  • US Pat. No. 6,491,208 which describes the repair of turbine blades by such a process by projecting particles having a particle size ranging from 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m at a very high speed. raised in a jet of gas on a fin having a crack.
  • the Applicant has found that by spraying under protective gas tantalum powders on tantalum plates forming an inner layer, it was possible to solve the longitudinal or radial welding problems related in particular to the small relative thickness of the tantalum layer, but also to eliminate any risk of corrosion of the galvanic battery soldering between different metal elements.
  • a protective gas He, Ar, N 2 or mixtures of these gases can advantageously be used.
  • Figures Ic to Ic illustrate the formation of a longitudinal weld (5).
  • Figure la is a schematic vertical sectional view of the device (8) for spraying metal powder (80).
  • Figure Ib shows the weld (5) formed in the raw state
  • Figure Ic represents the weld (5) final.
  • Figures 2a to 2f relate to said inner layer (2).
  • Figure 2a is a schematic perspective side view of a coil of said inner strip (4).
  • FIG. 2b represents in section along a vertical plane a planar portion (40, 41) of said inner band (4).
  • FIG. 2c represents in section along a vertical plane an assembly (41 ') of two planar portions (41).
  • Figure 2d similar to Figure 2b, shows a shaped portion (42) obtained by stamping the flat portion (41) of Figure 2b.
  • Figure 2e shows in section along a vertical plane the inner layer (2) of shape.
  • Figure 2f similar to Figure Ic, is an enlarged view of the parts of Figures 2c and 2e surrounded by a circle.
  • FIGS. 3a to 3c illustrate a mode of assembly of the inner (2) and outer (3) layers, as well as a modality of the invention in which said inner layer (2) is a so-called simple inner layer ( 2b).
  • Figure 3a shows said single inner layer (2b) disposed above said outer layer (3).
  • Figure 3b illustrates the formation of the inner radial recess portion (70).
  • Figure 3c illustrates said radial weld (7) solidarisant said inner layers (2) and outer (3).
  • FIGS. 4a to 4f notably illustrate a modality of the invention in which said inner layer (2) is a multiple layer (2a) formed on said outer layer (3) serving as support.
  • Figure 4a shows part of the outer band
  • Figure 4b shows a flat outer band portion (60, 61).
  • Figure 4c shows an outer band portion of shape (60, 62).
  • Figure 4d shows an outer layer (3) obtained by assembling and welding two shaped portions (60, 62).
  • Figure 4e shows a plurality of shaped portions (42) disposed edge to edge on the outer band (3).
  • Figure 4f similar to Figure 4e, shows the double assembly of said portions (42) between them and said outer layer (3).
  • Figures 5a to 5d relate to the case where said inner band portion (40) is secured to an intermediate layer (9) so as to form a composite inner layer (2c).
  • Figure 5a shows said composite layer (2c) plane.
  • FIG. 5b represents the composite layer (2c ') obtained by shaping the plane composite layer (2c).
  • Figures 5c and 5d illustrate the attachment of the composite layer (2c ') to the outer layer (3).
  • FIG. 6a to 6c relate to the case where said element (1) is formed by assembling portions of elements (11) disposed edge to edge as shown in Figure 6a.
  • FIG. 6b similar to FIG. 6a, shows the joining of said outer portions (60).
  • Figure 6c similar to Figure 6b, shows the next step of securing said inner portions (40).
  • FIG. 7 represents in axial section and schematically a reactor element (I ') constituting an example of a chemical engineering element (1), this reactor element (I') forming a reactor bottom (10), the side wall reactor having been partially shown in dashed lines.
  • Figure 8 shows a section through a tantalum coating deposited by the "cold spray” technique on a tantalum sheet.
  • said inner (2) and outer (3) layers can be formed, said inner layer ( 2) being formed by assembling by said so-called longitudinal weld (5) at least two so-called inner portions (40) of said inner metal strip (4) disposed edge to edge forming between them a so-called longitudinal recess portion (50), so forming a so-called multiple inner layer (2a) of large dimension adapted to that of said chemical engineering element (1).
  • said portion (11) of said element (1) may have an edge (110) comprising a beveled portion (111) formed by said outer portion (60), so as to form a double cavity, when two portions (11) of said element
  • said inner layer (2) can be formed by shaping a single portion (40) of said inner metal strip (4). said inner layer (2) then being a so-called simple inner layer (2b), and can be secured to said outer layer (3) by said radial assembly means (7) by forming a plurality of said radial recess portions ( 70) for forming said recessed portions (50) so as to form a radial weld (7 ') made of said anticorrosive metal.
  • said density of said compact metal mass (51, 71) can be at least 0.8 times, and preferably at least equal to 0.9 times the density of said anticorrosion metal, said compact metal mass (51, 71) being optionally subjected to a subsequent radial force, perpendicular to its surface, for example by hammering or forging, so as to increase its density.
  • said anticorrosive metal may be chosen from: Ta or alloys, Ti or alloys, Zr or alloys, for example Zircalloy, Ni or alloys, Nb or alloys, said anticorrosive metal preferably being tantalum or its alloys.
  • Said support metal may be chosen from steels, preferably so-called "stainless steels”.
  • said inner (2) and outer (3) layers can be secured in several ways.
  • said inner (2, 2a) and outer (3, 3a) layers can be secured by forming in said inner layer (2) at least one recessed portion so-called inner radial (70) so as to form a so-called radial weld (7 '), said hollow portion being filled with said compact metal mass (71).
  • said multiple inner layer (2, 2a) can be formed by placing on said outer layer (3) previously formed at least two so-called inner portions (40) of said inner metal strip ( 4) arranged edge to edge forming between them a so-called longitudinal recess portion (50), by assembling said inner portions (40) together by means of said so-called longitudinal weld (5), said longitudinal weld (5) also forming said radial assembly means (7); ) providing radial solidarity between said inner (2) and outer (3) layers.
  • said inner layer (2) made of corrosion-resistant metal can be assembled to an intermediate layer (9) of support metal, so as to form a composite inner layer (2c, 2c '), said inner layers (2, 2a, 2b) and intermediate (9) being secured, for example, by means of a brazing layer, said inner layer (2) being either an inner layer multiple (2a) is a single inner layer (2b) so as to form a composite inner layer respectively marked (2c) or (2c ').
  • said composite layer (2c, 2c ') can be joined to said outer layer (3) by forming in said outer layer (3) at least one so-called radial outer recessed portion (72), so as to ensure at the vacuum of said chemical engineering element (1), said outer radial hollow portion (72) when filled with solder (73).
  • said inner layer (2, 2a, 2b) of anti-corrosion metal may have a thickness Ec ranging from 0.1 mm to 5 mm
  • said outer layer (3) forming a support may have a thickness Es ranging from 0 , 5 mm to 100 mm
  • said inner layer (2, 2a, 2b) of anticorrosive metal may be a Ta layer or alloy of thickness Ec less than 0.5 mm.
  • said inner layer (2, 2a, 2b) corrosion resistant metal may be a Zr layer or alloy of thickness EC less than 3 mm.
  • said chemical engineering element (1) may be a reactor element (1 '), for example a bottom (10) or a reactor side wall.
  • Another object of the invention is the use of a high speed powder spraying device (8) and an anticorrosion metal powder (80) to form, typically in chemical engineering equipment. , a longitudinal weld
  • Yet another object of the present invention is the use of a high speed powder spraying device (8) and a powder of an anticorrosive metal for repair, particularly in the case of equipment damaged chemical engineering, a coating of corrosion-resistant metal having damaged or worn areas, said coating being able to be a plating, welded or not, a layer formed by vapor-deposition, powder-spraying or any other suitable technique, knowing said powder and said coating must be of the same metal anti corrosion.
  • said damaged or worn places are filled and / or covered with the aid of said projection device (8) which projects at a high speed a powder of said anticorrosive metal by means of a gaseous flow, said powder forming a compact metal mass, having a density at least equal to 0.8 times, and preferably at least equal to 0.9 times the density of said anticorrosive metal.
  • yet another object of the present invention is constituted by a chemical engineering element (1) comprising at least one anticorrosion metal metal layer forming a so-called inner layer (2) ensuring a corrosion resistance of said element (1) and a so-called outer metal layer (3) serving as a support for said inner layer (2), said element (1) being a shaped element, wherein: a) said inner layer (2) has been formed from a said inner metal strip (4), if necessary by assembling by a so-called longitudinal weld (5) at least two so-called inner portions (40) of said inner metal strip (4) disposed edge to edge forming between them a so-called longitudinal recessed portion (50), so as to form a so-called multiple inner layer (2a) of large dimension adapted to that of said chemical engineering element (1), b) said outer layer (3) has been formed from an outer metal strip (6) of a metal said support, if necessary by assembling edge to edge at least two so - called outer portions (60) of said outer strip ( 6) so as to form an outer layer called said multiple (3a
  • the method according to the invention can also be used for the repair of a chemical engineering element which has an anticorrosion metal lining, said coating having damaged or worn areas.
  • Said coating may be a plating, welded or not, a layer formed by vapor deposition, powder spraying or any other suitable technology.
  • said damaged or worn places are filled and / or covered by means of a projection device (8) as described above, which projects at a high speed a powder of said anticorrosive metal by means of a flow. gaseous.
  • Said powder thus forms a compact metallic mass (see FIG. 8), which has a density at least equal to 0.8 times, and preferably at least 0.9 times the density of said anticorrosive metal.
  • said longitudinal recessed portion (50) and / or the radial recessed portion are recessed portions resulting from damage to said inner layer, so that said manufacturing method a method of repairing an element already manufactured.
  • Figures la to 8 are various embodiments.
  • FIG. 1a is a diagrammatic view in vertical section of a device (8) for projection of metal powder of anti-corrosion metal (80) forming a spray gun
  • FIG. 1b represents the weld (5) formed in the raw state
  • FIG. 1C represents the final weld (5) after an additional TIG or laser pass allowing the bead of material formed by the part to be melted and spread out. excess of said compact metal mass (51).
  • Figures 2a to 2f relate to said inner layer (2).
  • Figure 2a is a schematic perspective side view of a coil of said inner band (4) of anticorrosive metal.
  • Figure 2b shows in section along a vertical plane a flat portion (40, 41) of said strip (4).
  • FIG. 2c represents, in section along a vertical plane, an assembly (41 ') of two flat portions (41) joined together edge by edge by a longitudinal weld (5).
  • Figure 2d similar to Figure 2b, shows a shaped portion (42) obtained by stamping the flat portion (41) of Figure 2b.
  • FIG. 2e represents in section along a vertical plane the inner layer (2) of shape, which can be obtained by stamping the assembly (41 ') of FIG. 2c or by longitudinal welding (5) of two shaped portions ( 42) of Figure 2d.
  • Figure 2f similar to Figure Ic, is an enlarged view of the parts of Figures 2c and 2e surrounded by a circle.
  • FIGS. 3a to 3c illustrate both a method of assembling the inner (2) and outer layers
  • said inner layer (2) is a so - called simple inner layer (2b) as formed from a single portion (40) of said inner metal strip (4). ), said single inner layer (2b) having first been shaped before being secured to said outer layer (3) by said radial weld (7).
  • Figure 3a shows said single inner layer (2b) disposed above said outer layer (3).
  • Figure 3b illustrates the formation of the inner radial recess portion (70) by perforating said single inner layer (2b) to the outer layer (3).
  • Figure 3c illustrates said radial weld (7) solidarisant said inner layers (2) and outer (3), the compact metal mase (71) filling said recessed portion (70).
  • This method of fixing the inner (2) and outer (3) layers illustrated in these FIGS. 3a to 3c can be applied to all types of inner layer (2) whether they are single (2b) or multiple (2a), as well as any type of outer layer (3).
  • FIGS. 4a to 4f notably illustrate a modality of the invention in which said inner layer (2) is a multiple layer (2a) formed on said outer layer (3) serving as a support.
  • Figures 4a to 4d illustrate a method of manufacturing the outer layer (3).
  • Figure 4a shows the outer band (6) for forming said outer layer (3).
  • Figure 4b shows a flat outer band portion (60, 61).
  • FIG. 4c shows an outer shaped strip portion (60, 62) obtained by stamping the flat portion (60, 61) of FIG. 4b.
  • FIG. 4d shows an outer layer (3) obtained by assembling and welding two shaped portions (60,
  • Figure 4e shows a plurality of shaped portions
  • FIG. 4f similar to FIG. 4e, shows the double assembly of said portions (42) between them and with said outer layer (3), the welds according to the invention being at the same time longitudinal (5) and radial ( 7).
  • FIG. 5a shows said composite layer (2c) plane, the planar assembly (41 ') of Figure 2c being secured to the intermediate layer (9).
  • FIG. 5b shows the composite layer (2c ') obtained by shaping the composite layer (2c) of FIG.
  • FIGS. 5c and 5d illustrate the attachment of the composite layer (2c ') to the outer layer (3), forming an outer radial recess portion (72), as shown in FIG. 5c, and then introducing solder into this orifice which passes through the outer layer (3) over its entire thickness E, as shown in Figure 5d.
  • FIGS. 6a to 6c relate to the case where said element (1) is formed by assembling portions of elements (11) arranged edge to edge as illustrated in FIG. 6a, each element portion (11) comprising a said outer portion (60) and an inner portion (40) and having an edge (110) forming a bevel (111), two edges (110) facing defining an outer cavity (112) and an inner cavity (113).
  • Figure 6b similar to Figure 6a shows the joining of said outer portions (60) by a weld (63) filling said outer cavity (112).
  • Figure 6c similar to Figure 6b, shows the next step of securing said inner portions (40) by said longitudinal weld (5) filling said inner cavity (113).
  • the inner layer (2) is a multiple inner layer (2) formed of a plurality of shape portions (42), while the outer layer (3) is a multiple outer layer (3a) also formed of a plurality of shaped portions (62) welded together by welds (63).
  • a plurality of longitudinal (5) and radial (7 ') welds assemble the shape portions (42) together and simultaneously assemble the multiple inner layer thus formed (2a) with the multiple inner layer (3a).
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example of use of the method according to the invention for the repair of the inner layer (2) of a chemical engineering element (1). It shows a layer of anticorrosion metal coating (in this case tantalum) deposited by the technique of "cold spray" on a substrate formed of a tantalum sheet. The interface between the substrate and the vapor deposited layer corresponds to the horizontal line. The deposited layer does not have a smooth surface, but is dense, with very few pores and cavities.
  • Figures (a) and (b) show two optical micrographs (cross sections) of the same area at different magnitudes; in Figure (b), the length of the bar is 40 microns.
  • the invention solves the problems posed. It thus makes it possible: - a great ease of assembly of the parts of the element, - an absence of risks of pollution of the welds, use of Ta, as anti-corrosion metal, typically in a small thickness, facilitated regardless of the dimensions of the element.
  • the invention is of particular interest for the deposition of Ta or alloy, because it can not be welded easily. Indeed there is a very important risk of iron migration in tantalum, the iron coming from stainless steel, which would considerably weaken the anticorrosion performance of tantalum.
  • the invention can be implemented in a number of ways, which is particularly advantageous for the manufacturer of chemical engineering elements because according to the particular specifications of each element, and all things remaining equal by Moreover, the most economical or advantageous method may be chosen, whether from the point of view of investment or equipment necessary for the manufacture of these elements, or from the point of view of production costs, or from the point of view of material costs.
  • Anti-corrosion metal powder . .80

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The production method comprises : a) forming an internal layer (2) in corrosion-resistant metal from an internal metal strip (4), for example, by assembling with a so-called longitudinal weld (5) of at least two so-called internal portions (40) of said internal metal strip (4), with a butting arrangement, forming a so-called longitudinal hollow section (50) between them, b) an external layer (3) made from an external metal strip (6), c) said internal (2) and external (3) layers being connected with a radial assembly means (7) with a radial hollow section (70). The method is characterised in that said longitudinal weld (5) and/or said radial assembly means (7) are produced by the projection of a powder (80) of said corrosion resistant metal into said longitudinal (50) and/or radial (70) hollow section at great speed to form a compact metal mass (51,71) with a density at least 0,8 times the density of said corrosion resistant metal.

Description

Procédé de fabrication d' un élément de génie chimique Method of manufacturing a chemical engineering element
Domaine de l' inventionField of the invention
L' invention concerne la fabrication d' équipements de génie chimique, par exemple la fabrication d' éléments de forme du génie chimique, tels que, par exemple des éléments de réacteurs, à fonds hémisphériques et à parois cylindriques .The invention relates to the manufacture of chemical engineering equipment, for example the manufacture of shaped elements of chemical engineering, such as, for example, reactor elements with hemispherical bottoms and cylindrical walls.
L' invention concerne le domaine des équipements prévus pour résister à la fois à des pressions élevées, au vide, et qui présentent une résistance élevée à la corrosion.The invention relates to the field of equipment designed to withstand both high pressure and vacuum, and which have a high resistance to corrosion.
Etat de la techniqueState of the art
D' une manière générale, on connaît déjà des corps creux ou récipients formant des enceintes ou réacteurs métalliques résistant à des pressions élevées.In general, hollow bodies or containers forming metal enclosures or reactors resistant to high pressures are already known.
Ces réacteurs comprennent typiquement une paroi latérale cylindrique et des fonds bombés. Les fonds bombés et la paroi latérale sont assemblés soit à l' aide de moyens mécaniques, par exemple à l' aide de brides, soit par soudure.These reactors typically include a cylindrical side wall and curved bottoms. The curved bottoms and the side wall are assembled either by mechanical means, for example by means of flanges, or by welding.
D' une manière générale, ces enceintes et réacteurs doivent également présenter une grande résistance à tout type de corrosion compte tenu notamment du danger extrême présenté par les fuites dans une enceinte sous pression, à savoir typiquement sous une pression supérieure à 5 bar ; mais il existe aussi des réacteurs qui doivent pouvoir travailler sous une pression beaucoup plus élevée, à savoir 20 bar ou même 50 bar (soit 5 MPa) . La demanderesse a déjà développé des procédés de fabrication de plaques en matériaux métalliques multicouche aptes à résister à la corrosion, comme décrit par exemple dans le brevet français n° 2 883 006 et dans les demandes internationales WO02/051576 et WO 03/097230. La demanderesse a formé des enceintes ou éléments de dispositifs chimiques par mise en forme de ces plaques de matériaux multicouche en les soudant bord à bord.In general, these enclosures and reactors must also have a high resistance to any type of corrosion, particularly in view of the extreme danger presented by leakage in a pressure vessel, typically at a pressure greater than 5 bar; but there are also reactors that must be able to work under a much higher pressure, namely 20 bar or even 50 bar (5 MPa). The Applicant has already developed methods for manufacturing plates made of multilayer metal materials capable of resisting corrosion, as described for example in French Patent No. 2,883,006 and in International Applications WO02 / 051576 and WO 03/097230. The applicant has formed pregnant or elements of chemical devices by shaping these plates of multilayer materials by welding them edge to edge.
Avantageusement, compte tenu notamment du coût des matériaux anticorrosion, tel le tantale, ces procédés de fabrication assurent un assemblage d' un revêtement anticorrosion de faible épaisseur, par exemple de l' ordre de 1 mm, sur un support de beaucoup plus grande épaisseur. Comme alternative à ces procédés, on connaît aussi un procédé de l' art antérieur comprenant un placage par explosion (« explosion clad ») . Par ailleurs, dans un domaine différent de celui du génie chimique, on connaît d' une part le document DE 20 2006 009145 Ul qui décrit un mode d' assemblage d' une pièce décorative en aluminium sur une pièce en acier, et d' autre part, le brevet européen EP 0 911 423 qui divulgue un mode d' assemblage par soudure bord à bord de deux pièces, par projection à chaud d' une poudre de particules dans un flux gazeux.Advantageously, especially in view of the cost of anticorrosion materials, such as tantalum, these manufacturing processes ensure an assembly of a thin corrosion-resistant coating, for example of the order of 1 mm, on a support of much greater thickness. As an alternative to these methods, there is also known a method of the prior art comprising an explosion clad. Moreover, in a field different from that of chemical engineering, DE 20 2006 009145 Ul discloses a method of assembling a decorative piece of aluminum on a steel part, and of another on the other hand, the European patent EP 0 911 423 which discloses an assembly mode by edge-to-edge welding of two parts, by hot spraying a powder of particles in a gas stream.
Problèmes posésProblems posed
D' une part, la demanderesse qui cherche à fabriquer des équipements de génie chimique comprenant des couches métalliques de matériau anticorrosion de faible épaisseur relative compte tenu de leur coût élevé des matériaux anticorrosion, a pu constater que cela pose des problèmes d' assemblage, les soudures bord à bord ou à clins de grande qualité devenant plus difficiles à réaliser dans le cas de couches de faible épaisseur relative, typiquement pour une épaisseur de tantale inférieure à 0,5 mm. D' autre part, la demanderesse a recherché aussi a limiter les risques de pollution des soudures et de corrosion liés aux soudures et aux divers moyens d' assemblage des différentes constituants des éléments de génie chimique à fabriquer.On the one hand, the plaintiff, who seeks to manufacture chemical engineering equipment comprising metal layers of anticorrosion material of relatively small thickness given their high cost of anticorrosive materials, has found that this poses problems of assembly. edge-to-edge welds or high-quality clapboard becoming more difficult to achieve in the case of relatively thin layers, typically for a tantalum thickness of less than 0.5 mm. On the other hand, the Applicant has also sought to limit the risk of contamination of welds and corrosion related to welds and the various means of assembly of the various components of the chemical engineering elements to be manufactured.
Compte tenu de ces problèmes, la demanderesse a mis au point un procédé qui résout ces problèmes .In view of these problems, the Applicant has developed a method that solves these problems.
Description générale de l ' inventionGeneral description of the invention
Selon l' invention, dans le procédé de fabrication d' un élément de génie chimique comprenant au moins une couche métallique en métal anticorrosion formant une couche dite intérieure assurant une résistance à la corrosion dudit élément et une couche métallique dite extérieure servant de support pour ladite couche intérieure, ledit élément étant de préférence un élément de forme : a) ladite couche intérieure est formée à partir d' une bande métallique dite intérieure, par exemple en assemblant par une soudure dite longitudinale au moins deux portions dites intérieures de ladite bande métallique intérieure disposées bord à bord en formant entre elles une partie évidée dite longitudinale, de manière à former une couche intérieure dite multiple de grande dimension adaptée à celle dudit élément de génie chimique, b) ladite couche extérieure est formée à partir d' une bande métallique dite extérieure en un métal dit support, au besoin en assemblant bord à bord au moins deux portions dites extérieures de ladite bande extérieure de manière à former une couche extérieure dite multiple, c) lesdites couches intérieure et extérieure sont solidarisées par un moyen d' assemblage radial grâce à au moins une partie évidée radiale, de manière à assurer une tenue au vide dudit élément de génie chimique. Le procédé est caractérisé en ce qu' on forme ladite soudure longitudinale et/ou ledit moyen d' assemblage radial en projetant à grande vitesse à l' aide d' un dispositif de projection, dans ladite partie évidée longitudinale et/ou radiale, une poudre dudit métal anticorrosion grâce à un flux gazeux, de manière à remplir ladite partie évidée longitudinale et/ou radiale de ladite poudre sous la forme d' une masse métallique compacte présentant une densité au moins égale à 0,8 fois la densité dudit métal anticorrosion et de manière à ce que ladite couche intérieure soit une couche intérieure uniforme car constituée du même métal anticorrosion.According to the invention, in the method of manufacturing a chemical engineering element comprising at least one anticorrosion metal metal layer forming a so - called inner layer ensuring a corrosion resistance of said element and a so - called outer metal layer serving as support for said inner layer, said element being preferably a shaped element: a) said inner layer is formed from a so-called inner metal strip, for example by assembling by a so-called longitudinal weld at least two so-called inner portions of said inner metal strip disposed edge to edge forming between them a so-called longitudinal recessed portion, so as to form a so-called multiple large inner layer adapted to that of said chemical engineering element, b) said outer layer is formed from a so-called metal strip external in a metal said support, if necessary in assemb edge to edge at least two so-called outer portions of said outer strip so as to form a so-called multiple outer layer, c) said inner and outer layers are secured by a radial assembly means by virtue of at least one radial recessed portion, so as to ensure a vacuum resistance of said chemical engineering element. The method is characterized in that said longitudinal weld and / or said radial joining means are formed by projecting at a high speed by means of a projection device, into said longitudinal and / or radial recessed portion, a powder of said anticorrosion metal by means of a gaseous flow, so as to fill said longitudinal and / or radial recessed portion of said powder in the form of a compact metallic mass having a density at least equal to 0.8 times the density of said anticorrosion metal and so that said inner layer is a uniform inner layer because made of the same corrosion-resistant metal.
Le procédé s' applique pour former tout élément plan ou de forme d' un dispositif de génie chimique.The method applies to form any planar or shape element of a chemical engineering device.
Pour résoudre ses problèmes, la demanderesse a eu l' idée d' une part de faire appel à une technique de dépôt à froid (« cold spray » en anglais) déjà connue en elle-même sous différents noms ou acronymes dans le cadre de traitements de surface par projection de poudres sur une surface à traiter, et d' autre part d' utiliser le métal anticorrosion sous forme de poudre . A titre d' exemple de dépôt à froid, on peut citer le brevet US6, 491,208 qui décrit la réparation d' ailettes de turbine par un tel procédé en projetant des particules d' une granulométrie allant de 1 μm à 50 μm à une vitesse très élevée dans un jet de gaz sur une ailette présentant une fissure.To solve its problems, the applicant had the idea on the one hand to use a technique of cold deposition ("cold spray" in English) already known in itself under different names or acronyms in the context of treatments surface by spraying powders on a surface to be treated, and secondly to use the anticorrosion metal in the form of powder. As an example of cold deposition, mention may be made of US Pat. No. 6,491,208 which describes the repair of turbine blades by such a process by projecting particles having a particle size ranging from 1 μm to 50 μm at a very high speed. raised in a jet of gas on a fin having a crack.
Par exemple, la demanderesse a pu constater qu' en projetant sous gaz protecteur des poudres de tantale sur des plaques de tantale formant une couche intérieure, il était possible de résoudre les problèmes de soudure longitudinale ou radiale liés notamment à la faible épaisseur relative de la couche de tantale, mais aussi d' éliminer tout risque de corrosion de la soudure par pile galvanique entre éléments métalliques différents. Comme gaz protecteur, on peut utiliser avantageusement He, Ar, N2 ou des mélanges de ces gaz .For example, the Applicant has found that by spraying under protective gas tantalum powders on tantalum plates forming an inner layer, it was possible to solve the longitudinal or radial welding problems related in particular to the small relative thickness of the tantalum layer, but also to eliminate any risk of corrosion of the galvanic battery soldering between different metal elements. As a protective gas, He, Ar, N 2 or mixtures of these gases can advantageously be used.
Description des figuresDescription of figures
Toutes les figures sont relatives à l' invention.All the figures relate to the invention.
Les figures la à Ic illustrent la formation d' une soudure longitudinale (5) . La figure la est une vue schématique en coupe verticale du dispositif (8) de projection de poudre métallique (80) .Figures Ic to Ic illustrate the formation of a longitudinal weld (5). Figure la is a schematic vertical sectional view of the device (8) for spraying metal powder (80).
La figure Ib représente la soudure (5) formée à l'état brut, alors que la figure Ic représente la soudure (5) finale.Figure Ib shows the weld (5) formed in the raw state, while Figure Ic represents the weld (5) final.
Les figures 2a à 2f sont relatives à ladite couche intérieure (2) .Figures 2a to 2f relate to said inner layer (2).
La figure 2a est une vue schématique, en perspective de côté, d'une bobine de ladite bande intérieure (4). La figure 2b représente en coupe selon un plan vertical une portion plane (40, 41) de ladite bande intérieure (4) .Figure 2a is a schematic perspective side view of a coil of said inner strip (4). FIG. 2b represents in section along a vertical plane a planar portion (40, 41) of said inner band (4).
La figure 2c représente en coupe selon un plan vertical un assemblage (41' ) de deux portions planes (41) .FIG. 2c represents in section along a vertical plane an assembly (41 ') of two planar portions (41).
La figure 2d, analogue à la figure 2b, représente une portion de forme (42) obtenue par emboutissage de la portion plane (41) de la figure 2b. La figure 2e représente en coupe selon un plan vertical la couche intérieure (2) de forme.Figure 2d, similar to Figure 2b, shows a shaped portion (42) obtained by stamping the flat portion (41) of Figure 2b. Figure 2e shows in section along a vertical plane the inner layer (2) of shape.
La figure 2f, analogue à la figure Ic, est une vue agrandie des parties des figures 2c et 2e entourées d' un cercle.Figure 2f, similar to Figure Ic, is an enlarged view of the parts of Figures 2c and 2e surrounded by a circle.
Toutes les figures 3a à 6c sont des coupes partielles selon un plan vertical illustrant quatre modalités de 1' invention .All of Figures 3a to 6c are partial sections in a vertical plane illustrating four embodiments of the invention.
Les figures 3a à 3c, analogues, illustrent un mode d'assemblage des couches intérieure (2) et extérieure (3), ainsi qu' une modalité de l' invention dans laquelle ladite couche intérieure (2) est une couche intérieure dite simple (2b) .FIGS. 3a to 3c, analogous, illustrate a mode of assembly of the inner (2) and outer (3) layers, as well as a modality of the invention in which said inner layer (2) is a so-called simple inner layer ( 2b).
La figure 3a représente ladite couche intérieure simple (2b) disposée au-dessus de ladite couche extérieure (3) . La figure 3b illustre la formation de la partie évidée radiale intérieure (70) . La figure 3c illustre ladite soudure radiale (7) solidarisant les dites couches intérieures (2) et extérieures (3) .Figure 3a shows said single inner layer (2b) disposed above said outer layer (3). Figure 3b illustrates the formation of the inner radial recess portion (70). Figure 3c illustrates said radial weld (7) solidarisant said inner layers (2) and outer (3).
Les figures 4a à 4f illustrent notamment une modalité de 1' invention dans laquelle ladite couche intérieure (2) est une couche multiple (2a) formée sur ladite couche extérieure (3) servant de support.FIGS. 4a to 4f notably illustrate a modality of the invention in which said inner layer (2) is a multiple layer (2a) formed on said outer layer (3) serving as support.
La figure 4a représente une partie de la bande extérieureFigure 4a shows part of the outer band
(6) . La figure 4b représente une portion de bande extérieure plane (60, 61) . La figure 4c représente une portion de bande extérieure de forme (60, 62) .(6). Figure 4b shows a flat outer band portion (60, 61). Figure 4c shows an outer band portion of shape (60, 62).
La figure 4d représente une couche extérieure (3) obtenue par assemblage et soudure de deux portions de forme (60, 62) .Figure 4d shows an outer layer (3) obtained by assembling and welding two shaped portions (60, 62).
La figure 4e représente une pluralité de portions de forme (42) disposés, bord à bord, sur la bande extérieure (3) . La figure 4f, analogue à la figure 4e, représente le double assemblage des dites portions (42) entre elles et à ladite couche extérieure (3) .Figure 4e shows a plurality of shaped portions (42) disposed edge to edge on the outer band (3). Figure 4f, similar to Figure 4e, shows the double assembly of said portions (42) between them and said outer layer (3).
Les figures 5a à 5d sont relatives au cas où ladite portion de bande intérieure (40) est solidarisée à une couche intermédiaire (9) de manière à former une couche intérieure composite (2c) .Figures 5a to 5d relate to the case where said inner band portion (40) is secured to an intermediate layer (9) so as to form a composite inner layer (2c).
La figure 5a représente ladite couche composite (2c) plane .Figure 5a shows said composite layer (2c) plane.
La figure 5b représente la couche composite (2c' ) obtenue par mise en forme de la couche composite (2c) plane. Les figures 5c et 5d illustrent la fixation de la couche composite (2c' ) à la couche extérieure (3) .FIG. 5b represents the composite layer (2c ') obtained by shaping the plane composite layer (2c). Figures 5c and 5d illustrate the attachment of the composite layer (2c ') to the outer layer (3).
Les figures 6a à 6c sont relatives au cas où ledit élément (1) est formé par assemblage de portions d'éléments (11) disposés bord à bord comme illustré sur la figure 6a. La figure 6b, analogue à la figure 6a, représente la solidarisation des dites portions extérieures (60) . La figure 6c, analogue à la figure 6b, représente l' étape suivante de solidarisation des dites portions intérieures (40) . La figure 7 représente en coupe axiale et schématiquement un élément de réacteur (I' ) constituant un exemple d'élément de génie chimique (1), cet élément de réacteur (I' ) formant un fond de réacteur (10), la paroi latérale du réacteur ayant été représentée partiellement en traits pointillés .Figures 6a to 6c relate to the case where said element (1) is formed by assembling portions of elements (11) disposed edge to edge as shown in Figure 6a. FIG. 6b, similar to FIG. 6a, shows the joining of said outer portions (60). Figure 6c, similar to Figure 6b, shows the next step of securing said inner portions (40). FIG. 7 represents in axial section and schematically a reactor element (I ') constituting an example of a chemical engineering element (1), this reactor element (I') forming a reactor bottom (10), the side wall reactor having been partially shown in dashed lines.
La figure 8 montre une coupe à travers un revêtement de tantale déposée par la technique de «cold spray » sur une tôle de tantale. Ces micrographies, obtenues par microscopie électronique à balayage, représentent la même zone à deux grandissements différents.Figure 8 shows a section through a tantalum coating deposited by the "cold spray" technique on a tantalum sheet. These micrographs, obtained by scanning electron microscopy, represent the same zone with two different magnifications.
Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention
Selon une première modalité de procédé selon l' invention, et comme illustré par exemple sur les figures la à Ic, 2a à 2f, 4a à 4f, on peut former lesdites couches intérieure (2) et extérieure (3), ladite couche intérieure (2) étant formée en assemblant par ladite soudure dite longitudinale (5) au moins deux portions (40) dites intérieures de ladite bande métallique intérieure (4) disposées bord à bord en formant entre elles une partie évidée dite longitudinale (50) , de manière à former une couche intérieure dite multiple (2a) de grande dimension adaptée à celle dudit élément de génie chimique (1) .According to a first process modality according to the invention, and as illustrated for example in FIGS. 1a-1c, 2a-2f, 4a-4f, said inner (2) and outer (3) layers can be formed, said inner layer ( 2) being formed by assembling by said so-called longitudinal weld (5) at least two so-called inner portions (40) of said inner metal strip (4) disposed edge to edge forming between them a so-called longitudinal recess portion (50), so forming a so-called multiple inner layer (2a) of large dimension adapted to that of said chemical engineering element (1).
Selon une seconde modalité de procédé selon l' invention, et comme illustré sur les figures 6a à 6c : a) on peut former une pluralité de portions (11) dudit élément (1) , chaque portion (11) dudit élément étant formée en solidarisant au moins une portion intérieure (50) à une portion extérieure (60) , b) on peut assembler, bord à bord, ladite pluralité des dites portions (11) dudit élément, en soudant bord à bord lesdites portions extérieures (60) , lesdites portions intérieures (50) étant solidarisées par ladite soudure longitudinale (5) .According to a second process modality according to the invention, and as illustrated in FIGS. 6a to 6c: a) a plurality of portions (11) of said element (1) can be formed, each portion (11) of said element being formed by securing at least one inner portion (50) to an outer portion (60), b) said plurality of said portions (11) of said member may be joined edge-to-edge by welding said outer portions (60 ), said inner portions (50) being secured by said longitudinal weld (5).
Dans cette modalité, et comme illustré sur la figure 6a, ladite portion (11) dudit élément (1) peut présenter un bord (110) comprenant une partie en biseau (111) formée par ladite portion extérieure (60) , de manière à former une double cavité, quand deux portions (11) dudit élémentIn this embodiment, and as illustrated in FIG. 6a, said portion (11) of said element (1) may have an edge (110) comprising a beveled portion (111) formed by said outer portion (60), so as to form a double cavity, when two portions (11) of said element
(1) sont placées bord à bord, à savoir une cavité dite extérieure (112) destinée à recevoir un cordon de soudure pour assembler lesdites portions extérieures (60) entre elles, et une cavité dite intérieure (113) formant ladite partie évidée (50) et destinée à recevoir ladite masse métallique compacte de ladite soudure longitudinale (5) constituée dudit métal anticorrosion.(1) are placed edge to edge, namely a so-called outer cavity (112) intended to receive a weld seam to assemble said outer portions (60) between them, and a so-called inner cavity (113) forming said recessed portion (50). ) and intended to receive said compact metal mass of said longitudinal weld (5) made of said anticorrosive metal.
Selon une troisième modalité de procédé selon l' invention, et comme illustré sur les figures 3a à 3c, on peut former ladite couche intérieure (2) par mise en forme d'une seule portion (40) de ladite bande métallique intérieure (4) , ladite couche intérieure (2) étant alors une couche intérieure dite simple (2b) , et on peut la solidariser à ladite couche extérieure (3) par ledit moyen d'assemblage radial (7) en formant une pluralité des dites parties évidées radiales (70) destinée à former lesdites partie évidées (50) de manière à former une soudure radiale (7' ) constituée dudit métal anticorrosion. Quelle que soit la modalité de l' invention, ladite densité de ladite masse métallique compacte (51, 71) peut être au moins égale à 0,8 fois, et préférentiellement au moins égale à 0,9 fois la densité dudit métal anticorrosion, ladite masse métallique compacte (51, 71) étant éventuellement soumise à un effort radial ultérieur, perpendiculairement à sa surface, par exemple par martelage ou forgeage, de manière à augmenter sa densité.According to a third process modality according to the invention, and as illustrated in FIGS. 3a to 3c, said inner layer (2) can be formed by shaping a single portion (40) of said inner metal strip (4). said inner layer (2) then being a so-called simple inner layer (2b), and can be secured to said outer layer (3) by said radial assembly means (7) by forming a plurality of said radial recess portions ( 70) for forming said recessed portions (50) so as to form a radial weld (7 ') made of said anticorrosive metal. Whatever the modality of the invention, said density of said compact metal mass (51, 71) can be at least 0.8 times, and preferably at least equal to 0.9 times the density of said anticorrosion metal, said compact metal mass (51, 71) being optionally subjected to a subsequent radial force, perpendicular to its surface, for example by hammering or forging, so as to increase its density.
Selon l' invention, ledit métal anticorrosion peut être choisi parmi : Ta ou alliages, Ti ou alliages, Zr ou alliages, par exemple le Zircalloy, Ni ou alliages, Nb ou alliages, ledit métal anticorrosion étant de préférence le tantale ou ses alliages. Ledit métal support peut être choisi parmi les aciers, de préférence les aciers dits « inox ».According to the invention, said anticorrosive metal may be chosen from: Ta or alloys, Ti or alloys, Zr or alloys, for example Zircalloy, Ni or alloys, Nb or alloys, said anticorrosive metal preferably being tantalum or its alloys. Said support metal may be chosen from steels, preferably so-called "stainless steels".
Selon l' invention, on peut solidariser lesdites couches intérieure (2) et extérieure (3) de plusieurs manières. Ainsi, comme illustré, à tire d'exemple, sur les figures 3a à 3c, on peut solidariser lesdites couches intérieure (2, 2a) et extérieure (3, 3a) en formant dans ladite couche intérieure (2) au moins une partie évidée radiale dite intérieure (70) de manière à former une soudure dite radiale (7' ) , ladite partie évidée étant remplie de ladite masse métallique compacte (71) .According to the invention, said inner (2) and outer (3) layers can be secured in several ways. Thus, as illustrated, by way of example, in FIGS. 3a to 3c, said inner (2, 2a) and outer (3, 3a) layers can be secured by forming in said inner layer (2) at least one recessed portion so-called inner radial (70) so as to form a so-called radial weld (7 '), said hollow portion being filled with said compact metal mass (71).
De même, comme illustré sur les figures 4a à 4f, on peut former ladite couche intérieure multiple (2, 2a) en disposant sur ladite couche extérieure (3) préalablement formée au moins deux portions (40) dites intérieures de ladite bande métallique intérieure (4) disposées bord à bord en formant entre elles une partie évidée dite longitudinale (50) , en assemblant lesdites portions intérieures (40) entre elles grâce à ladite soudure dite longitudinale (5) , ladite soudure longitudinale (5) formant aussi ledit moyen d' assemblage radial (7) assurant une solidarisation radiale entre lesdites couches intérieure (2) et extérieure (3) .Similarly, as illustrated in FIGS. 4a to 4f, said multiple inner layer (2, 2a) can be formed by placing on said outer layer (3) previously formed at least two so-called inner portions (40) of said inner metal strip ( 4) arranged edge to edge forming between them a so-called longitudinal recess portion (50), by assembling said inner portions (40) together by means of said so-called longitudinal weld (5), said longitudinal weld (5) also forming said radial assembly means (7); ) providing radial solidarity between said inner (2) and outer (3) layers.
Selon une autre modalité de l' invention, et comme illustré sur les figures 5a à 5d, ladite couche intérieure (2) en métal anticorrosion peut être assemblée à une couche intermédiaire (9) en métal support, de manière à former une couche intérieure composite (2c, 2c' ) , lesdites couches intérieure (2, 2a, 2b) et intermédiaire (9) étant solidarisées, par exemple, à l' aide d' une couche de brasage, ladite couche intérieure (2) étant soit une couche intérieure multiple (2a) soit une couche intérieure simple (2b) de manière à former une couche intérieure composite repérée respectivement (2c) ou (2c' ) . Dans cette modalité, on peut assembler ladite couche composite (2c, 2c' ) à ladite couche extérieure (3) en formant dans ladite couche extérieure (3) au moins une partie évidée radiale dite extérieure (72) , de manière à assurer une tenue au vide dudit élément de génie chimique (1) , ladite partie évidée radiale extérieure (72) une fois remplie de brasure (73) .According to another embodiment of the invention, and as illustrated in FIGS. 5a to 5d, said inner layer (2) made of corrosion-resistant metal can be assembled to an intermediate layer (9) of support metal, so as to form a composite inner layer (2c, 2c '), said inner layers (2, 2a, 2b) and intermediate (9) being secured, for example, by means of a brazing layer, said inner layer (2) being either an inner layer multiple (2a) is a single inner layer (2b) so as to form a composite inner layer respectively marked (2c) or (2c '). In this embodiment, said composite layer (2c, 2c ') can be joined to said outer layer (3) by forming in said outer layer (3) at least one so-called radial outer recessed portion (72), so as to ensure at the vacuum of said chemical engineering element (1), said outer radial hollow portion (72) when filled with solder (73).
Selon l'invention, ladite couche intérieure (2, 2a, 2b) en métal anticorrosion peut présenter une épaisseur Ec allant de 0,1 mm à 5 mm, et ladite couche extérieure (3) formant support peut présenter une épaisseur Es allant de 0,5 mm à 100 mm, ladite couche intermédiaire (9) , si présente, ayant une épaisseur Ei allant de 5 mm à 15 mm. De préférence, ladite couche intérieure (2, 2a, 2b) en métal anticorrosion peut être une couche en Ta ou alliage d' épaisseur Ec inférieure à 0,5 mm.According to the invention, said inner layer (2, 2a, 2b) of anti-corrosion metal may have a thickness Ec ranging from 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and said outer layer (3) forming a support may have a thickness Es ranging from 0 , 5 mm to 100 mm, said intermediate layer (9), if present, having a thickness Ei ranging from 5 mm to 15 mm. Preferably, said inner layer (2, 2a, 2b) of anticorrosive metal may be a Ta layer or alloy of thickness Ec less than 0.5 mm.
Cependant, ladite couche intérieure (2, 2a, 2b) en métal anticorrosion peut être une couche en Zr ou alliage d' épaisseur Ec inférieure à 3 mm.However, said inner layer (2, 2a, 2b) corrosion resistant metal may be a Zr layer or alloy of thickness EC less than 3 mm.
Dans le procédé selon l' invention, ledit élément de génie chimique (1) peut être un élément de réacteur ( 1' ) , par exemple un fond (10) ou une paroi latérale de réacteur.In the process according to the invention, said chemical engineering element (1) may be a reactor element (1 '), for example a bottom (10) or a reactor side wall.
Un autre objet de l' invention est constitué par 1' utilisation d' un dispositif de projection de poudre à grande vitesse (8) et d'une poudre d'un métal anticorrosion (80) pour former, typiquement dans un équipement de génie chimique, une soudure longitudinaleAnother object of the invention is the use of a high speed powder spraying device (8) and an anticorrosion metal powder (80) to form, typically in chemical engineering equipment. , a longitudinal weld
(5) avec un cordon de soudure solidarisant deux bords (400) de deux couches métalliques adjacentes constituées du même métal anticorrosion, ou pour former une soudure radiale (7) en remplissant un évidement (70) formé dans une couche métallique (2) formée en ledit métal anticorrosion, ledit métal anticorrosion étant de préférence le tantale. Un tel dispositif (8) a été illustré sur la figure la.(5) with a weld bead solidarisant two edges (400) of two adjacent metal layers made of the same corrosion-resistant metal, or to form a radial weld (7) by filling a recess (70) formed in a metal layer (2) formed said anticorrosion metal, said anticorrosive metal preferably being tantalum. Such a device (8) has been illustrated in FIG.
Encore un autre objet de la présente invention est constitué par l'utilisation d'un dispositif de projection de poudre à grande vitesse (8) et d'une poudre d'un métal anticorrosion pour réparer, en particulier dans le cas d' un équipement de génie chimique endommagé, un revêtement en métal anticorrosion présentant des endroits endommagés ou usés, ledit revêtement pouvant être un placage, soudé ou non, une couche formée par vapodéposition, par projection de poudre ou toute autre technique appropriée, sachant la dite poudre et ledit revêtement doivent être en le même métal anticorrosion. De manière avantageuse, dans le cadre de cette utilisation, on remplit et / ou couvre lesdits endroits endommagés ou usés à l' aide dudit dispositif de projection (8) qui projette à grande vitesse une poudre dudit métal anticorrosion grâce à un flux gazeux, ladite poudre formant une masse métallique compacte, présentant une densité au moins égale à 0,8 fois, et préférentiellement au moins égale à 0,9 fois la densité dudit métal anticorrosion.Yet another object of the present invention is the use of a high speed powder spraying device (8) and a powder of an anticorrosive metal for repair, particularly in the case of equipment damaged chemical engineering, a coating of corrosion-resistant metal having damaged or worn areas, said coating being able to be a plating, welded or not, a layer formed by vapor-deposition, powder-spraying or any other suitable technique, knowing said powder and said coating must be of the same metal anti corrosion. Advantageously, in the context of this use, said damaged or worn places are filled and / or covered with the aid of said projection device (8) which projects at a high speed a powder of said anticorrosive metal by means of a gaseous flow, said powder forming a compact metal mass, having a density at least equal to 0.8 times, and preferably at least equal to 0.9 times the density of said anticorrosive metal.
Et finalement, encore un autre objet de la présente invention est constitué par un élément de génie chimique (1) comprenant au moins une couche métallique en métal anticorrosion formant une couche dite intérieure (2) assurant une résistance à la corrosion dudit élément (1) et une couche métallique dite extérieure (3) servant de support pour ladite couche intérieure (2) , ledit élément (1) étant un élément de forme, dans lequel : a) ladite couche intérieure (2) a été formée à partir d'une bande métallique dite intérieure (4), au besoin en assemblant par une soudure dite longitudinale (5) au moins deux portions (40) dites intérieures de ladite bande métallique intérieure (4) disposées bord à bord en formant entre elles une partie évidée dite longitudinale (50) , de manière à former une couche intérieure dite multiple (2a) de grande dimension adaptée à celle dudit élément de génie chimique (1) , b) ladite couche extérieure (3) a été formée à partir d' une bande métallique dite extérieure (6) en un métal dit support, au besoin en assemblant bord à bord au moins deux portions dites extérieures (60) de ladite bande extérieure (6) de manière à former une couche extérieure dite multiple (3a) , c) lesdites couches intérieure (2, 2a) et extérieure (3, 3a) ont été solidarisées par une soudure dite radiale (7) , éventuellement en formant dans ladite couche intérieure au moins une partie évidée radiale dite intérieure (70) , de manière à assurer une tenue au vide dudit élément de génie chimique (1) , caractérisé en ce que ladite soudure longitudinale (5) et /ou radiale (7) a été formée en projetant à grande vitesse à l' aide d' un dispositif de projection (8) , dans ladite partie évidée (50, 70) , une poudre (80) dudit métal anticorrosion grâce à un flux gazeux, de manière à remplir ladite partie évidée (50, 70) de ladite poudre sous la forme d' une masse métallique compacte (51, 71) présentant une densité au moins égale à 0,8 fois, et préférentiellement au moins égale à 0,9 fois la densité dudit métal anticorrosion et de manière à ce que ladite couche intérieure (2, 2a) soit une couche intérieure uniforme (2' ) car constituée du même métal anticorrosion.And finally, yet another object of the present invention is constituted by a chemical engineering element (1) comprising at least one anticorrosion metal metal layer forming a so-called inner layer (2) ensuring a corrosion resistance of said element (1) and a so-called outer metal layer (3) serving as a support for said inner layer (2), said element (1) being a shaped element, wherein: a) said inner layer (2) has been formed from a said inner metal strip (4), if necessary by assembling by a so-called longitudinal weld (5) at least two so-called inner portions (40) of said inner metal strip (4) disposed edge to edge forming between them a so-called longitudinal recessed portion (50), so as to form a so-called multiple inner layer (2a) of large dimension adapted to that of said chemical engineering element (1), b) said outer layer (3) has been formed from an outer metal strip (6) of a metal said support, if necessary by assembling edge to edge at least two so - called outer portions (60) of said outer strip ( 6) so as to form an outer layer called said multiple (3a), c) said inner layers (2, 2a) and outer (3, 3a) have been secured by a so-called radial weld (7), possibly forming in said layer at least one inner radial recess portion (70), so as to ensure a vacuum strength of said chemical engineering element (1), characterized in that said longitudinal weld (5) and / or radial (7) has been formed by projecting at a high speed by means of a projection device (8), in said recessed part (50, 70), a powder (80) of said anticorrosive metal by means of a gaseous flow, so as to fill said recessed part (50, 70) of said powder in the form a compact metal mass (51, 71) having a density of at least 0.8 times, and preferably at least 0.9 times the density of said anticorrosive metal and so that said inner layer (2, 2a) is a uniform inner layer (2 ') because it consists of the same anticorrosive metal.
Le procédé selon l' invention peut aussi être utilisé pour la réparation d' un élément de génie chimique qui présente un revêtement intérieur en métal anticorrosion, ledit revêtement présentant des endroits endommagés ou usés. Ledit revêtement peut être un placage, soudé ou non, une couche formée par vapodéposition, par projection de poudre ou toute autre technologie appropriée . Typiquement, dans ce procédé on remplit et / ou couvre lesdits endroits endommagés ou usés à l' aide d' un dispositif de projection (8) tel que décrit ci-dessus, qui projette à grande vitesse une poudre dudit métal anticorrosion grâce à un flux gazeux. Ladite poudre forme ainsi une masse métallique compacte (voir la figure 8) , qui présente une densité au moins égale à 0,8 fois, et préférentiellement au moins 0,9 fois la densité dudit métal anticorrosion.The method according to the invention can also be used for the repair of a chemical engineering element which has an anticorrosion metal lining, said coating having damaged or worn areas. Said coating may be a plating, welded or not, a layer formed by vapor deposition, powder spraying or any other suitable technology. Typically, in this process, said damaged or worn places are filled and / or covered by means of a projection device (8) as described above, which projects at a high speed a powder of said anticorrosive metal by means of a flow. gaseous. Said powder thus forms a compact metallic mass (see FIG. 8), which has a density at least equal to 0.8 times, and preferably at least 0.9 times the density of said anticorrosive metal.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier du procédé selon l' invention, ladite partie évidée longitudinale (50) et/ou la partie évidée radiale sont des parties évidées résultant d'un endommagement de ladite couche intérieure, de manière à ce que ledit procédé de fabrication soit un procédé de réparation d'un élément déjà fabriqué.In a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, said longitudinal recessed portion (50) and / or the radial recessed portion are recessed portions resulting from damage to said inner layer, so that said manufacturing method a method of repairing an element already manufactured.
Exemples de réalisation;Examples of realization;
Les figures la à 8 constituent différents exemples de réalisation.Figures la to 8 are various embodiments.
1) Les figures la à Ic illustrent la formation d' une soudure longitudinale (5) pour souder bord à bord deux portions (40) de ladite bande intérieure (4) - bande métallique en métal anticorrosion.1) to Ic illustrate the formation of a longitudinal weld (5) for welding edge to edge two portions (40) of said inner strip (4) - metal strip anticorrosive metal.
La figure la est une vue schématique en coupe verticale d' un dispositif (8) de projection de poudre métallique de métal anticorrosion (80) formant un pistolet de projectionFIG. 1a is a diagrammatic view in vertical section of a device (8) for projection of metal powder of anti-corrosion metal (80) forming a spray gun
(8' ) alimenté en flux gazeux (81) sous pression et doté d'une buse de projection (82) orientée vers la partie évidée longitudinale (50) formée à la jonction des bords (400) des deux portions (40) jointives, les bords (400) étant représentés comme des bords inclinés se rejoignant sensiblement à leur partie inférieure, de manière à former, typiquement par un effet de type « Venturi », un flux de poudre métallique (80' ) projetée à grande vitesse dans ladite partie évidée (50) pour former une masse compacte de métal anticorrosion (51) .(8 ') fed with gas stream (81) under pressure and provided with a projection nozzle (82) oriented towards the longitudinal recessed portion (50) formed at the junction of the edges (400) of the two portions (40) joined, the edges (400) being represented as inclined edges substantially joining at their lower part, so as to form, typically by a "Venturi" type effect, a flow of metallic powder (80 ') projected at high speed into said recessed portion (50) for forming a compact mass of anticorrosive metal (51).
La figure Ib représente la soudure (5) formée à l' état brut, alors que la figure Ic représente la soudure (5) finale après une passe supplémentaire TIG ou laser permettant de fondre et d' étaler le bourrelet de matière formé par la partie excédentaire de ladite masse métallique compacte (51) .FIG. 1b represents the weld (5) formed in the raw state, while FIG. 1C represents the final weld (5) after an additional TIG or laser pass allowing the bead of material formed by the part to be melted and spread out. excess of said compact metal mass (51).
2) Les figures 2a à 2f sont relatives à ladite couche intérieure (2) .2) Figures 2a to 2f relate to said inner layer (2).
La figure 2a est une vue schématique, en perspective de côté, d' une bobine de ladite bande intérieure (4) en métal anticorrosion.Figure 2a is a schematic perspective side view of a coil of said inner band (4) of anticorrosive metal.
La figure 2b représente en coupe selon un plan vertical une portion plane (40, 41) de ladite bande (4) .Figure 2b shows in section along a vertical plane a flat portion (40, 41) of said strip (4).
La figure 2c représente en coupe selon un plan vertical un assemblage (41' ) de deux portions planes (41) solidarisées bord à bord par une soudure longitudinale (5) . La figure 2d, analogue à la figure 2b, représente une portion de forme (42) obtenue par emboutissage de la portion plane (41) de la figure 2b.FIG. 2c represents, in section along a vertical plane, an assembly (41 ') of two flat portions (41) joined together edge by edge by a longitudinal weld (5). Figure 2d, similar to Figure 2b, shows a shaped portion (42) obtained by stamping the flat portion (41) of Figure 2b.
La figure 2e représente en coupe selon un plan vertical la couche intérieure (2) de forme, qui peut être obtenue par emboutissage de l' assemblage (41' ) de la figure 2c ou par soudure longitudinale (5) de deux portions de forme (42) de la figure 2d. La figure 2f, analogue à la figure Ic, est une vue agrandie des parties des figures 2c et 2e entourées d' un cercle.FIG. 2e represents in section along a vertical plane the inner layer (2) of shape, which can be obtained by stamping the assembly (41 ') of FIG. 2c or by longitudinal welding (5) of two shaped portions ( 42) of Figure 2d. Figure 2f, similar to Figure Ic, is an enlarged view of the parts of Figures 2c and 2e surrounded by a circle.
3) Les figures 3a à 3c, analogues, illustrent à la fois un mode d' assemblage des couches intérieure (2) et extérieure3) FIGS. 3a to 3c, analogous, illustrate both a method of assembling the inner (2) and outer layers
(3) en formant au moins une partie évidée radiale intérieure (70) de manière à former une soudure radiale(3) forming at least one inner radial recess portion (70) to form a radial weld
(7' ) , ainsi qu' une modalité de l' invention dans laquelle ladite couche intérieure (2) est une couche intérieure dite simple (2b) car formée à partir d' une seule portion (40) de ladite bande métallique intérieure (4) , ladite couche intérieure simple (2b) ayant d' abord été mise en forme avant d' être solidarisée à ladite couche extérieure (3) grâce à ladite soudure radiale (7) .(7 '), as well as a modality of the invention wherein said inner layer (2) is a so - called simple inner layer (2b) as formed from a single portion (40) of said inner metal strip (4). ), said single inner layer (2b) having first been shaped before being secured to said outer layer (3) by said radial weld (7).
La figure 3a représente ladite couche intérieure simple (2b) disposée au-dessus de ladite couche extérieure (3) . La figure 3b illustre la formation de la partie évidée radiale intérieure (70) en perforant ladite couche intérieure simple (2b) jusqu' à la couche extérieure (3) . La figure 3c illustre ladite soudure radiale (7) solidarisant les dites couches intérieures (2) et extérieures (3) , la mase métallique compacte (71) remplissant ladite partie évidée (70) . Ce mode de fixation des couches intérieure (2) et extérieure (3) illustré sur ces figures 3a à 3c peut s' appliquer à tous les types de couche intérieure (2) qu' elles soient simples (2b) ou multiples (2a) , ainsi qu' à tout type de couche extérieure (3) .Figure 3a shows said single inner layer (2b) disposed above said outer layer (3). Figure 3b illustrates the formation of the inner radial recess portion (70) by perforating said single inner layer (2b) to the outer layer (3). Figure 3c illustrates said radial weld (7) solidarisant said inner layers (2) and outer (3), the compact metal mase (71) filling said recessed portion (70). This method of fixing the inner (2) and outer (3) layers illustrated in these FIGS. 3a to 3c can be applied to all types of inner layer (2) whether they are single (2b) or multiple (2a), as well as any type of outer layer (3).
4) Les figures 4a à 4f illustrent notamment une modalité de l' invention dans laquelle ladite couche intérieure (2) est une couche multiple (2a) formée sur ladite couche extérieure (3) servant de support.4) FIGS. 4a to 4f notably illustrate a modality of the invention in which said inner layer (2) is a multiple layer (2a) formed on said outer layer (3) serving as a support.
Les figures 4a à 4d illustrent une modalité de fabrication de la couche extérieure (3) . La figure 4a représente la bande extérieure (6) servant à former ladite couche extérieure (3) .Figures 4a to 4d illustrate a method of manufacturing the outer layer (3). Figure 4a shows the outer band (6) for forming said outer layer (3).
La figure 4b représente une portion de bande extérieure plane (60, 61) .Figure 4b shows a flat outer band portion (60, 61).
La figure 4c représente une portion de bande extérieure de forme (60, 62) obtenue par emboutissage de la portion plane (60, 61) de la figure 4b.FIG. 4c shows an outer shaped strip portion (60, 62) obtained by stamping the flat portion (60, 61) of FIG. 4b.
La figure 4d représente une couche extérieure (3) obtenue par assemblage et soudure de deux portions de forme (60,FIG. 4d shows an outer layer (3) obtained by assembling and welding two shaped portions (60,
62) . La figure 4e représente une pluralité de portions de forme62). Figure 4e shows a plurality of shaped portions
(42) de bande intérieure disposés, bord à bord, sur la bande extérieure (3) .(42) inner band disposed edge to edge on the outer band (3).
La figure 4f, analogue à la figure 4e, représente le double assemblage des dites portions (42) entre elles et à ladite couche extérieure (3), les soudures selon l' invention étant à la fois des soudures longitudinale (5) et radiale (7) .FIG. 4f, similar to FIG. 4e, shows the double assembly of said portions (42) between them and with said outer layer (3), the welds according to the invention being at the same time longitudinal (5) and radial ( 7).
5) Les figures 5a à 5d sont relatives au cas où ladite portion de bande intérieure (40) est solidarisée à une couche intermédiaire (9) .5) to 5d are relative to the case where said portion of inner strip (40) is secured to an intermediate layer (9).
La figure 5a représente ladite couche composite (2c) plane, l' assemblage plan (41' ) de la figure 2c étant solidarisé à la couche intermédiaire (9) . La figure 5b représente la couche composite (2c' ) obtenue par mise en forme de la couche composite (2c) de la figureFigure 5a shows said composite layer (2c) plane, the planar assembly (41 ') of Figure 2c being secured to the intermediate layer (9). FIG. 5b shows the composite layer (2c ') obtained by shaping the composite layer (2c) of FIG.
5a, disposée sur la couche extérieure (3) . Les figures 5c et 5d illustrent la fixation de la couche composite (2c' ) à la couche extérieure (3) , en formant une partie évidée radiale extérieure (72) , comme représenté sur la figure 5c, puis en introduisant de la brasure dans cet orifice qui traverse la couche extérieure (3) sur toute son épaisseur E, comme représenté sur la figure 5d.5a, disposed on the outer layer (3). FIGS. 5c and 5d illustrate the attachment of the composite layer (2c ') to the outer layer (3), forming an outer radial recess portion (72), as shown in FIG. 5c, and then introducing solder into this orifice which passes through the outer layer (3) over its entire thickness E, as shown in Figure 5d.
6) Les figures 6a à 6c sont relatives au cas où ledit élément (1) est formé par assemblage de portions d' éléments (11) disposés bord à bord comme illustré sur la figure 6a, chaque portion d' élément (11) comprenant une portion dite extérieure (60) et une portion dite intérieure (40) et présentant un bord (110) formant un biseau (111) , deux bords (110) en regard délimitant une cavité extérieure (112) et une cavité intérieure (113) .FIGS. 6a to 6c relate to the case where said element (1) is formed by assembling portions of elements (11) arranged edge to edge as illustrated in FIG. 6a, each element portion (11) comprising a said outer portion (60) and an inner portion (40) and having an edge (110) forming a bevel (111), two edges (110) facing defining an outer cavity (112) and an inner cavity (113).
La figure 6b, analogue à la figure 6a, représente la solidarisation des dites portions extérieures (60) par une soudure (63) remplissant ladite cavité extérieure (112) . La figure 6c, analogue à la figure 6b, représente l' étape suivante de solidarisation des dites portions intérieures (40) par ladite soudure longitudinale (5) remplissant ladite cavité intérieure (113) .Figure 6b, similar to Figure 6a shows the joining of said outer portions (60) by a weld (63) filling said outer cavity (112). Figure 6c, similar to Figure 6b, shows the next step of securing said inner portions (40) by said longitudinal weld (5) filling said inner cavity (113).
7) La figure 7 représente schématiquement un élément de réacteur (I' ) constituant un exemple d' élément de génie chimique (1), cet élément de réacteur (I' ) formant un fond de réacteur (10) hémisphérique de rayon R, la paroi latérale du réacteur, de forme cylindrique et de diamètre D, ayant été représentée partiellement en traits pointillés. Dans cet exemple, la couche intérieure (2) est une couche intérieure multiple (2) formée d'une pluralité de portions de forme (42) , tandis que la couche extérieure (3) est une couche extérieure multiple (3a) également formée d' une pluralité de portions de forme (62) soudées entre elles par des soudures (63) . Une pluralité de soudures longitudinales (5) et radiales (7' ) assurent l' assemblage des portions de forme (42) entre elles et simultanément 1' assemblage de la couche intérieure multiple ainsi formée (2a) à la couche intérieure multiple (3a) .7) schematically represents a reactor element (I ') constituting an example of a chemical engineering element (1), this reactor element (I') forming a hemispherical reactor bottom (10) of radius R, the side wall of the reactor, cylindrical in shape and of diameter D, having been partially shown in dashed lines. In this example, the inner layer (2) is a multiple inner layer (2) formed of a plurality of shape portions (42), while the outer layer (3) is a multiple outer layer (3a) also formed of a plurality of shaped portions (62) welded together by welds (63). A plurality of longitudinal (5) and radial (7 ') welds assemble the shape portions (42) together and simultaneously assemble the multiple inner layer thus formed (2a) with the multiple inner layer (3a). .
8) La figure 8 illustre un exemple d' utilisation du procédé selon l' invention pour la réparation de la couche intérieure (2) d' un élément de génie chimique (1) . Elle montre une couche de revêtement de métal anticorrosion (en 1' occurrence du tantale) déposée par la technique de « cold spray » sur un substrat formé d' une tôle de tantale. L' interface entre le substrat et la couche vapodéposée correspond à la ligne horizontale. La couche déposée n' a pas une surface lisse, mais elle est dense, avec très peu de pores et cavités. Les figures (a) et (b) représentent deux micrographies optiques (coupes transversales) de la même zone à différents grandissèments ; sur la figure (b) , la longueur de la barre représente 40 μm.8) illustrates an example of use of the method according to the invention for the repair of the inner layer (2) of a chemical engineering element (1). It shows a layer of anticorrosion metal coating (in this case tantalum) deposited by the technique of "cold spray" on a substrate formed of a tantalum sheet. The interface between the substrate and the vapor deposited layer corresponds to the horizontal line. The deposited layer does not have a smooth surface, but is dense, with very few pores and cavities. Figures (a) and (b) show two optical micrographs (cross sections) of the same area at different magnitudes; in Figure (b), the length of the bar is 40 microns.
Avantages de l'inventionAdvantages of the invention
L' invention permet de résoudre les problèmes posés. Elle permet ainsi : - une grande facilité d' assemblage des parties de 1' élément, - une absence de risques de pollution des soudures, une utilisation de Ta, comme métal anticorrosion, typiquement sous une faible épaisseur, facilitée quelle que soient les dimensions de l' élément.The invention solves the problems posed. It thus makes it possible: - a great ease of assembly of the parts of the element, - an absence of risks of pollution of the welds, use of Ta, as anti-corrosion metal, typically in a small thickness, facilitated regardless of the dimensions of the element.
Il convient de signaler que l' invention présente un intérêt particulier pour le dépôt de Ta ou alliage, car on ne peut pas le souder facilement. En effet il y a un risque très important de migration du fer dans le tantale, le fer venant de l' acier inoxydable, ce qui affaiblirait considérablement les performances anticorrosion du tantale.It should be noted that the invention is of particular interest for the deposition of Ta or alloy, because it can not be welded easily. Indeed there is a very important risk of iron migration in tantalum, the iron coming from stainless steel, which would considerably weaken the anticorrosion performance of tantalum.
En outre, l' invention permet d' être mise en œuvre selon un grand nombre de modalités, ce qui est particulièrement avantageux pour le fabricant d' éléments de génie chimique car en fonction des spécifications particulières de chaque élément, et toutes choses restant égales par ailleurs, la modalité la plus économique ou avantageuse peut ainsi être choisie, que ce soit sous l' angle des investissements ou équipements nécessaires à la fabrication de ces éléments, ou sous l' angle des coûts de production, ou encore sous l'angle des coûts de matière.In addition, the invention can be implemented in a number of ways, which is particularly advantageous for the manufacturer of chemical engineering elements because according to the particular specifications of each element, and all things remaining equal by Moreover, the most economical or advantageous method may be chosen, whether from the point of view of investment or equipment necessary for the manufacture of these elements, or from the point of view of production costs, or from the point of view of material costs.
Liste des repèresList of landmarks
Elément de génie chimique 1Chemical Engineering Element 1
Elément de réacteur l' Fond de réacteur 10Reactor element Reactor floor 10
Portion d' élément 11Portion of element 11
Bord 110Edge 110
Biseau 111Bevel 111
Cavité extérieure 112 Cavité intérieure 113Outside cavity 112 Inside cavity 113
Couche intérieure 2Inner layer 2
Couche intérieure multiple 2a Couche intérieure simple 2bMultiple inner layer 2a Single inner layer 2b
Couche intérieure composite 2a/2b+9. . . 2c, 2c'Composite inner layer 2a / 2b + 9. . . 2c, 2c '
Couche intérieure uniforme 2'Uniform inner layer 2 '
Couche extérieure 3 Couche extérieure multiple 3aOuter layer 3 Multiple outer layer 3a
Bande métallique intérieure 4Inner metal strip 4
Portion intérieure de 4 40Inner portion of 4 40
Bord de 40 400Edge of 40,400
Portion plane 41 Portion plane multiple 41'Flat portion 41 Multiple flat portion 41 '
Portion de forme 42Portion of form 42
Soudure longitudinale 5Longitudinal welding 5
Partie évidée longitudinale . . . . 50Longitudinal recessed portion. . . . 50
Masse métallique compacte 51 Bande extérieure 6Compact metal mass 51 External strip 6
Portion extérieure de 6 60Outside portion of 6 60
Portion plane 61Flat portion 61
Portion de forme 62Portion of form 62
Soudure entre portions 60 63 Moyen d' assemblage radial 7Solder between portions 60 63 Radial assembly 7
Soudure radiale 7'Radial weld 7 '
Partie évidée radiale intérieure. .70Inward radial hollow part. .70
Masse métallique compacte 71Compact metallic mass 71
Partie évidée radiale extérieure. .72 Brasure extérieure 73External radial hollow part. .72 External solder 73
Dispositif de projection 8Projection device 8
Pistolet de projection 8'8 'projection gun
Poudre de métal anticorrosion . . .80Anti-corrosion metal powder. . .80
Poudre de métal projetée 80' Flux gazeux 81Projected metal powder 80 'Gas flow 81
Buse de projection 82Projection nozzle 82
Couche intermédiaire 9 Intermediate layer 9

Claims

REVENDICATIONSX REVENDICATIONSX
1. Procédé de fabrication d' un élément de génie chimique (1) comprenant au moins une couche métallique en métal anticorrosion formant une couche dite intérieure (2) assurant une résistance à la corrosion dudit élément (1) et une couche métallique dite extérieure (3) servant de support pour ladite couche intérieure (2) , ledit élément (1) étant de préférence un élément de forme, dans lequel : a) ladite couche intérieure (2) est formée à partir d'une bande métallique dite intérieure (4), par exemple en assemblant par une soudure dite longitudinale (5) au moins deux portions (40) dites intérieures de ladite bande métallique intérieure (4) disposées bord à bord en formant entre elles une partie évidée dite longitudinale (50) , de manière à former une couche intérieure dite multiple (2a) de grande dimension adaptée à celle dudit élément de génie chimique (1) , b) ladite couche extérieure (3) est formée à partir d'une bande métallique dite extérieure (6) en un métal dit support, au besoin en assemblant bord à bord au moins deux portions dites extérieures (60) de ladite bande extérieureA method of manufacturing a chemical engineering element (1) comprising at least one anticorrosion metal metal layer forming an inner layer (2) providing a corrosion resistance of said element (1) and an outer metal layer ( 3) serving as a support for said inner layer (2), said member (1) being preferably a shaped member, wherein: a) said inner layer (2) is formed from a so-called inner metal strip (4) ), for example by assembling by a so-called longitudinal weld (5) at least two so-called inner portions (40) of said inner metal strip (4) arranged edge to edge forming between them a so-called longitudinal recess portion (50), so to form a so-called multiple inner layer (2a) of large dimension adapted to that of said chemical engineering element (1), b) said outer layer (3) is formed from a so-called outer metal strip upper (6) a metal said support, if necessary by assembling edge to edge at least two so-called outer portions (60) of said outer strip
(6) de manière à former une couche extérieure dite multiple (3a) , c) lesdites couches intérieure (2) et extérieure (3) sont solidarisées par un moyen d' assemblage radial (7) de manière à assurer une tenue au vide dudit élément de génie chimique (1) , caractérisé en ce qu' on forme ladite soudure longitudinale (5) et/ou ledit moyen d' assemblage radial (7) en projetant à grande vitesse à l' aide d' un dispositif de projection (8) , dans ladite partie évidée longitudinale (50) et/ou dans une partie évidée radiale (70) , , une poudre (80) dudit métal anticorrosion grâce à un flux gazeux, de manière à remplir ladite partie évidée longitudinale (50) et/ou radiale (70) de ladite poudre sous la forme d' une masse métallique compacte (51,71) présentant une densité au moins égale à 0,8 fois la densité dudit métal anticorrosion et de manière à ce que ladite couche intérieure (2, 2a) soit une couche intérieure uniforme(6) so as to form an outer layer called said multiple (3a), c) said inner layers (2) and outer (3) are secured by a radial assembly means (7) so as to ensure a vacuum resistance of said chemical engineering element (1), characterized in that said longitudinal weld (5) and / or said radial assembly means (7) are formed by projecting at high speed with a projection device (8). ), in said longitudinal recessed portion (50) and / or in a radial recess (70), a powder (80) of said anticorrosion metal by a gaseous flow, so as to fill said longitudinal recess portion (50) and / or radial (70) of said powder in the form of a compact metal mass (51,71) having a density of at least 0.8 times the density of said anti-corrosion metal and so that said inner layer (2,2a) is a uniform inner layer
(2' ) car constituée du même métal anticorrosion.(2 ') because of the same anticorrosion metal.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite partie évidée longitudinale (50) et/ou la partie évidée radiale sont des parties évidées résultant d' un endommagement de ladite couche intérieure, de manière à ce que ledit procédé de fabrication soit un procédé de réparation d'un élément déjà fabriqué.2. Method according to claim 1, wherein said longitudinal recessed portion (50) and / or the radial recessed portion are recessed portions resulting from damage to said inner layer, so that said manufacturing method is a process repairing an already manufactured item.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel on forme lesdites couches intérieure (2) et extérieure (3), ladite couche intérieure (2) étant formée en assemblant par ladite soudure dite longitudinale (5) au moins deux portions (40) dites intérieures de ladite bande métallique intérieure (4) disposées bord à bord en formant entre elles une partie évidée dite longitudinale (50) , de manière à former une couche intérieure dite multiple (2a) de grande dimension adaptée à celle dudit élément de génie chimique (1) .3. Method according to claim 1 wherein forming said inner (2) and outer (3) layers, said inner layer (2) being formed by assembling by said so-called longitudinal weld (5) at least two portions (40) said inner of said inner metal strip (4) disposed edge to edge forming between them a so-called longitudinal recess portion (50), so as to form a so-called multiple inner layer (2a) of large dimension adapted to that of said chemical engineering element (1 ).
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel : a) on forme une pluralité de portions (11) dudit élément (1) , chaque portion (11) dudit élément étant formée en solidarisant au moins une portion intérieure (50) à une portion extérieure (60) , b) on assemble, bord à bord, ladite pluralité des dites portions (11) dudit élément, en soudant bord à bord lesdites portions extérieures (60) , lesdites portions intérieures (50) étant solidarisées par ladite soudure longitudinale (5) .The method of claim 1 wherein: a) a plurality of portions (11) of said member (1) are formed, each portion (11) of said member being formed into solidarisant at least an inner portion (50) to an outer portion (60), b) said plurality of said portions (11) of said member are assembled, edge to edge, by welding said outer portions (60) side to edge, said inner portions (50) being secured by said longitudinal weld (5).
5. Procédé selon la revendication 4 dans lequel ladite portion (11) dudit élément (1) présente un bord (110) comprenant une partie en biseau (111) formée par ladite portion extérieure (60) , de manière à former une double cavité, quand deux portions (11) dudit élément (1) sont placées bord à bord, à savoir une cavité dite extérieure (112) destinée à recevoir un cordon de soudure pour assembler lesdites portions extérieures (60) entre elles, et une cavité dite intérieure (113) formant ladite partie évidée (50) et destinée à recevoir ladite masse métallique compacte de ladite soudure longitudinale (5) constituée dudit métal anticorrosion.5. The method of claim 4 wherein said portion (11) of said member (1) has an edge (110) comprising a beveled portion (111) formed by said outer portion (60), so as to form a double cavity, when two portions (11) of said element (1) are placed edge to edge, namely a so-called outer cavity (112) intended to receive a weld seam for assembling said outer portions (60) between them, and a so-called inner cavity ( 113) forming said recessed portion (50) and intended to receive said compact metal mass of said longitudinal weld (5) made of said anticorrosive metal.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel on forme ladite couche intérieure (2) par mise en forme d'une seule portion (40) de ladite bande métallique intérieure (4) , ladite couche intérieure (2) étant alors une couche intérieure dite simple (2b) , et on la solidarise à ladite couche extérieure (3) par ledit moyen d'assemblage radial (7) en formant une pluralité des dites parties évidées radiales (70) destinée à former lesdites partie évidées (50) de manière à former une soudure radiale (7' ) constituée dudit métal anticorrosion. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein forming said inner layer (2) by shaping a single portion (40) of said inner metal strip (4), said inner layer (2) being then an inner layer called simple (2b), and is secured to said outer layer (3) by said radial assembly means (7) forming a plurality of said radial recess portions (70) for forming said recessed portions (50) so as to forming a radial weld (7 ') made of said anticorrosive metal.
7. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 dans lequel ladite densité de ladite masse métallique compacte (51, 71) est au moins égale à 0,9 fois la densité dudit métal anticorrosion, ladite masse métallique compacte (51, 71) étant éventuellement soumise à un effort radial ultérieur, perpendiculairement à sa surface, par exemple par martelage ou forgeage, de manière à augmenter sa densité.7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein said density of said compact metal mass (51, 71) is at least 0.9 times the density of said anti-corrosion metal, said compact metal mass (51, 71) being optionally subjected to a subsequent radial force, perpendicular to its surface, for example by hammering or forging, so as to increase its density.
8. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 dans lequel ledit métal anticorrosion est choisi parmi : Ta ou alliages, Ti ou alliages, Zr ou alliages, par exemple le Zircalloy, Ni ou alliages, Nb ou alliages, ledit métal anticorrosion étant de préférence le tantale ou ses alliages.8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein said anticorrosive metal is selected from: Ta or alloys, Ti or alloys, Zr or alloys, for example Zircalloy, Ni or alloys, Nb or alloys, said anticorrosion metal being of preferably tantalum or its alloys.
9. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8 dans lequel ledit métal support est choisi parmi les aciers, de préférence les aciers dits « inox ».9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein said support metal is selected from steels, preferably so-called steels "stainless".
10. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 dans lequel on solidarise lesdites couches intérieure (2, 2a) et extérieure (3, 3a) en formant dans ladite couche intérieure (2) au moins une partie évidée radiale dite intérieure (70) de manière à former une soudure dite radiale (7' ) .10. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein said inner layers (2, 2a) and outer (3, 3a) are secured by forming in said inner layer (2) at least one so-called inner radial recess portion (70). to form a so-called radial weld (7 ').
11. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 3 et 7 à 10 dans lequel on forme ladite couche intérieure multiple (2, 2a) en disposant sur ladite couche extérieure (3) préalablement formée au moins deux portions (40) dites intérieures de ladite bande métallique intérieure (4) disposées bord à bord en formant entre elles une partie évidée dite longitudinale (50) , en assemblant lesdites portions intérieures (40) entre elles grâce à ladite soudure dite longitudinale (5) , ladite soudure longitudinale (5) formant aussi ledit moyen d' assemblage radial (7) assurant une solidarisâtion radiale entre lesdites couches intérieure (2) et extérieure (3) .11. A method according to any one of claims 3 and 7 to 10 wherein said multiple inner layer (2, 2a) is formed by placing on said outer layer (3) previously formed at least two portions (40) said inner said metal strip indoor (4) disposed edge to edge forming between them a so-called longitudinal recessed portion (50), by assembling said inner portions (40) together by said so-called longitudinal weld (5), said longitudinal weld (5) also forming said assembly means radial (7) ensuring radial solidarity between said inner (2) and outer (3) layers.
12. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11 dans lequel ladite couche intérieure (2) en métal anticorrosion est assemblée à une couche intermédiaire (9) en métal support, de manière à former une couche intérieure composite (2c, 2c' ) , lesdites couches intérieure (2, 2a, 2b) et intermédiaire (9) étant solidarisées, par exemple, à l' aide d'une couche de brasage, ladite couche intérieure (2) étant soit une couche intérieure multiple (2a) soit une couche intérieure simple (2b) de manière à former une couche intérieure composite repérée respectivement (2c) ou (2c' ) .12. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein said inner layer (2) corrosion-resistant metal is assembled to an intermediate layer (9) of metal support, so as to form a composite inner layer (2c, 2c '), said inner (2, 2a, 2b) and intermediate layers (9) being secured, for example, by means of a brazing layer, said inner layer (2) being either a multiple inner layer (2a) or a layer inner sole (2b) so as to form a composite inner layer respectively marked (2c) or (2c ').
13. Procédé selon la revendication 12 dans lequel on assemble ladite couche composite (2c, 2c' ) à ladite couche extérieure (3) en formant dans ladite couche extérieure13. The method of claim 12 wherein assembling said composite layer (2c, 2c ') to said outer layer (3) forming in said outer layer
(3) au moins une partie évidée radiale dite extérieure (72) , de manière à assurer une tenue au vide dudit élément de génie chimique (1) .(3) at least one so-called outer radial recess (72), so as to ensure a vacuum resistance of said chemical engineering element (1).
14. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13 dans lequel ladite couche intérieure (2, 2a, 2b) en métal anticorrosion présente une épaisseur Ec allant de 0,1 mm à 5 mm, et dans lequel ladite couche extérieure (3) formant support présente une épaisseur Es allant de 0,5 mm à 100 mm, ladite couche intermédiaire (9), si présente, ayant une épaisseur Ei allant de 5 mm à 15 mm.14. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein said inner layer (2, 2a, 2b) anticorrosive metal has a thickness Ec ranging from 0.1 mm to 5 mm, and wherein said outer layer (3) forming support has a thickness Es ranging from 0.5 mm to 100 mm, said intermediate layer (9), if present, having a thickness Ei ranging from 5 mm to 15 mm.
15. Procédé selon la revendication 14 dans lequel ladite couche intérieure (2, 2a, 2b) en métal anticorrosion est une couche en Ta ou alliage d' épaisseur Ec inférieure à 0 , 5 mm .15. The method of claim 14 wherein said inner layer (2, 2a, 2b) anticorrosive metal is a Ta layer or alloy of thickness Ec less than 0.5 mm.
16. Procédé selon la revendication 14 dans lequel ladite couche intérieure (2, 2a, 2b) en métal anticorrosion est une couche en Zr ou alliage d' épaisseur Ec inférieure à 3 mm.16. The method of claim 14 wherein said inner layer (2, 2a, 2b) anticorrosion metal is a Zr layer or alloy of thickness EC less than 3 mm.
17. Procédé selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16 dans lequel ledit élément de génie chimique (1) est un élément de réacteur (I' ), par exemple un fond (10) ou une paroi latérale de réacteur.17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 wherein said chemical engineering element (1) is a reactor element (I '), for example a bottom (10) or a reactor side wall.
18. Utilisation d'un dispositif de projection de poudre à grande vitesse (8) et d'une poudre d'un métal anticorrosion (80) pour former une soudure longitudinale (5) avec un cordon de soudure solidarisant deux bords (400) de deux couches métalliques adjacentes constituées du même métal anticorrosion, ou pour former une soudure radiale (7) en remplissant un évidement (70) formé dans une couche métallique (2) formée en ledit métal anticorrosion, ledit métal anticorrosion étant de préférence le tantale.18. Use of a high-speed powder spraying device (8) and a powder of a corrosion-resistant metal (80) to form a longitudinal weld (5) with a weld bead joining two edges (400) of two adjacent metal layers made of the same corrosion-resistant metal, or to form a radial weld (7) by filling a recess (70) formed in a metal layer (2) formed of said anticorrosive metal, said anticorrosion metal being preferably tantalum.
19. Elément de génie chimique (1) comprenant au moins une couche métallique en métal anticorrosion formant une couche dite intérieure (2) assurant une résistance à la corrosion dudit élément (1) et une couche métallique dite extérieure (3) servant de support pour ladite couche intérieure (2) , ledit élément (1) étant un élément de forme, dans lequel a) ladite couche intérieure (2) a été formée à partir d'une bande métallique dite intérieure (4), au besoin en assemblant par une soudure dite longitudinale (5) au moins deux portions (40) dites intérieures de ladite bande métallique intérieure (4) disposées bord à bord en formant entre elles une partie évidée dite longitudinale (50) , de manière à former une couche intérieure dite multiple (2a) de grande dimension adaptée à celle dudit élément de génie chimique (1) , b) ladite couche extérieure (3) a été formée à partir d' une bande métallique dite extérieure (6) en un métal dit support, au besoin en assemblant bord à bord au moins deux portions dites extérieures (60) de ladite bande extérieure19. Chemical engineering element (1) comprising at least one anticorrosion metal metal layer forming a so-called inner layer (2) providing resistance to corrosion of said element (1) and an outer metal layer (3) serving as a support for said inner layer (2), said element (1) being a shaped element, wherein a) said inner layer (2) has been formed from a so-called inner metal strip (4), if necessary by assembling by a so-called longitudinal weld (5) at least two so-called inner portions (40) of said inner metal strip (4) arranged edge to edge forming between them a so-called longitudinal recess portion (50), so as to form a so-called multiple inner layer (2a) of large dimension adapted to that of said chemical engineering element (1), b) said outer layer (3) has been formed from a so-called outer metal strip (6) of a metal said support, if necessary by assembling edge to edge at least two so-called outer portions (60) of said outer strip
(6) de manière à former une couche extérieure dite multiple (3a) , c) lesdites couches intérieure (2, 2a) et extérieure (3, 3a) ont été solidarisées par une soudure dite radiale (7) , éventuellement en formant dans ladite couche intérieure au moins une partie évidée radiale dite intérieure (70) , de manière à assurer une tenue au vide dudit élément de génie chimique (1) , caractérisé en ce que ladite soudure longitudinale (5) et/ou radiale (7) a été formée en projetant à grande vitesse à l' aide d' un dispositif de projection (8), dans ladite partie évidée (50, 70) , une poudre (80) dudit métal anticorrosion grâce à un flux gazeux, de manière à remplir ladite partie évidée (50, 70) de ladite poudre sous la forme d' une masse métallique compacte (51, 71) présentant une densité au moins égale à 0,8 fois la densité dudit métal anticorrosion et de manière à ce que ladite couche intérieure (2, 2a) soit une couche intérieure uniforme (2' ) car constituée du même métal anticorrosion.(6) so as to form an outer layer called said multiple (3a), c) said inner layers (2, 2a) and outer (3, 3a) have been secured by a so-called radial weld (7), possibly forming in said inner layer of at least one so-called inner radial recess (70), so as to ensure a vacuum strength of said chemical engineering element (1), characterized in that said longitudinal (5) and / or radial (7) weld has been formed by projecting at a high speed by means of a projection device (8), in said recessed portion (50, 70), a powder (80) of said anticorrosive metal by means of a gaseous flow, so as to fill said part recess (50, 70) of said powder in the form of a compact metal mass (51, 71) having a density at least equal to 0.8 times the density of said anticorrosive metal and so that said inner layer (2, 2a) is a uniform inner layer (2 ') since it consists of the same anticorrosive metal.
20. Procédé de réparation d'un élément de génie chimique (1) susceptible d' être obtenu par le procédé selon l' une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18 ou d' un élément de génie chimique selon la revendication 19, dans lequel on remplit et / ou couvre lesdits endroits endommagés ou usés à l'aide d'un dispositif de projection (8) qui projette à grande vitesse une poudre dudit métal anticorrosion grâce à un flux gazeux, ladite poudre formant une masse métallique compacte, présentant une densité au moins égale à 0,8 fois la densité dudit métal anticorrosion.20. A method of repairing a chemical engineering element (1) obtainable by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 18 or a chemical engineering element according to claim 19, wherein and / or covers said damaged or worn areas by means of a projection device (8) which projects at a high speed a powder of said anticorrosive metal by means of a gaseous flow, said powder forming a compact metal mass, having a density at less than 0.8 times the density of said anticorrosive metal.
21. Procédé de réparation d'un revêtement en métal anticorrosion présentant des endroits endommagés ou usés, ledit revêtement pouvant être un placage, soudé ou non, une couche formée par vapodéposition, par projection de poudre ou toute autre technique appropriée, ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce que l' on remplit et / ou couvre lesdits endroits endommagés ou usés à l' aide d'un dispositif de projection (8) qui projette à grande vitesse une poudre dudit métal anticorrosion grâce à un flux gazeux, ladite poudre formant une masse métallique compacte, présentant une densité au moins égale à 0,8 fois la densité dudit métal anticorrosion. 21. A method of repairing a corrosion-resistant metal coating having damaged or worn areas, said coating being a welded or non-welded veneer, a layer formed by vapor deposition, powder spraying or any other suitable technique, said method being characterized in that said damaged or worn places are filled and / or covered by means of a projection device (8) which projects at a high speed a powder of said anticorrosive metal by means of a gaseous flow, said powder forming a mass compact metal, having a density at least equal to 0.8 times the density of said anticorrosive metal.
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