CN102500853A - Cold metal transfer connection method of aluminum/steel dissimilar metal - Google Patents
Cold metal transfer connection method of aluminum/steel dissimilar metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN102500853A CN102500853A CN2011103107967A CN201110310796A CN102500853A CN 102500853 A CN102500853 A CN 102500853A CN 2011103107967 A CN2011103107967 A CN 2011103107967A CN 201110310796 A CN201110310796 A CN 201110310796A CN 102500853 A CN102500853 A CN 102500853A
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Abstract
The invention provides a cold metal transfer connection method of aluminum/steel dissimilar metal. The cold metal transfer connection method comprises the following steps of: utilizing an aluminum alloy welding wire containing aluminum and silicon elements to weld; through carrying out cold metal transfer welding, forming a melt welding connection at one side of an aluminum plate through melting the aluminum alloy welding wire and an aluminum alloy parent metal in the welding process; and meanwhile, keeping a steel plate at a solid state and realizing a braze welding connection at one side of the steel plate, so as to form a melt-braze welding overlap joint.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the technical method that is welded to connect of dissimilar metal.
Background technology
Because crystal structure, physics and chemical property between the Fe-Al differ greatly, and cause the weldability of aluminum steel very poor, embody a concentrated reflection of: (1) is soldered an easy oxidation; (2) composition of weld line is inhomogeneous; (3) the big and bigger welding stress of easy generation of welding deformation; (4) welding point is easy to generate crackle.Most importantly: in the welding process of steel and aluminum or aluminum alloy, generate hard and crisp various intermetallic compounds easily, the fragility that this has just increased weld seam has reduced the plasticity and the toughness of weld seam.Based on above weld characteristics, in conjunction with the practicality of practical applications and present Research both at home and abroad, main at present concentrate through soldering, Pressure Welding, diffusion welding (DW), resistance spot welding, friction stir welding, etc. solid phase connect the connection of realization aluminum steel dissimilar metal.
Yet, when adopting general melt welding method, more than these factors caused difficulty for connection between the two, performance will reduce greatly when particularly the faying face intermetallic compound thickness surpassed 10 μ m.If adopt other welding methods, such as pressure welding and soldering, the shape of joint is restricted, and efficient also reduces greatly.
CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) the cold metal transitional technology field that is widely used almost can be applied to all known weldable materials, like microelectronic component, and locomotive manufacturing, space industry and bridge and steel construction.CMT technology combines the motion of welding wire with the droplet transfer process; In welding process, realize alternately welding of cold-hot; Reduce hot input quantity significantly, distortion is little, nothing is splashed, the bridging ability is good, even weld is consistent, speed of welding is high, operating cost is low; For the welding of thin plate provides perfect solution, and accepted by the company of numerous Europe, Japan and the U.S. and adopted.Be of great importance based on the aluminum steel Development of Welding Technology; The part but the aluminum steel welding comes with some shortcomings again, inhomogeneous smooth like appearance of weld, gross imperfection is arranged; Can not control the thickness of sweating heat input and aluminum steel boundary layer intermetallic compound effectively, influence the mechanical property of joint.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of aluminum/steel dissimilar metal cold metal transition method of attachment.
The present invention is aluminum/steel dissimilar metal cold metal transition method of attachment; Adopt a kind of aluminium alloy welding wire welding that contains the aluminium element silicon,, pass through melting aluminum alloy welding wire and aluminium alloy mother metal during welding through cold metal transition weldering; Forming melting in aluminium sheet one side connects; The while steel plate remains solid-state, realizes that in steel plate one side soldering connects, and forms the welding-braze lap joint.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: through being employed in the solder technology that departs from steel plate one side in aluminium and aluminium alloy and the clad steel sheet welding process; Utilize the welding method of CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) weldering; Through adjusting various welding conditions and improving process conditions; Guarantee that appearance of weld is good, uniform and smooth, no gross imperfection.Particularly this method can effectively be controlled the thickness of sweating heat input and aluminum steel boundary layer intermetallic compound, has significantly improved the mechanical property of joint, has realized effective connection of aluminum steel dissimilar metal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a welding technique sketch map of the present invention, and 1 is aluminium alloy among the figure, and 2 is galvanized steel plain sheet, and 3 is aluminium alloy welding wire, and 4 is welding gun, and 5 is tip.
Fig. 2 is aluminium alloy and galvanized steel plain sheet welded lap joint design sketch map, and H is that tip leaves the aluminum mother plate vertical range among the figure, and L is a lap width.
When Fig. 3 was 1mm for the distance that adopts welding wire to send position deviation aluminum steel lap gap to, the macroscopic view of weld seam was shaped.
When Fig. 4 is 1mm for the distance that adopts welding wire to send position deviation aluminum steel lap gap to, the cross-sectional view of welding point.
When Fig. 5 is 1mm for the distance that adopts welding wire to send position deviation aluminum steel lap gap to, the tensile sample fracture.
When Fig. 6 was 2mm for the distance that adopts welding wire to send position deviation aluminum steel lap gap to, the macroscopic view of weld seam was shaped.
When Fig. 7 is 2mm for the distance that adopts welding wire to send position deviation aluminum steel lap gap to, the cross-sectional view of welding point.
When Fig. 8 is 2mm for the distance that adopts welding wire to send position deviation aluminum steel lap gap to, the tensile sample fracture.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is aluminum/steel dissimilar metal cold metal transition method of attachment; Adopt a kind of aluminium alloy welding wire welding that contains the aluminium element silicon,, pass through melting aluminum alloy welding wire and aluminium alloy mother metal during welding through cold metal transition weldering; Forming melting in aluminium sheet one side connects; The while steel plate remains solid-state, realizes that in steel plate one side soldering connects, and forms the welding-braze lap joint.
Because the fusing point of aluminium is merely 610 ℃, and the fusing point of steel is 1500 ℃, thus under the effect of electric arc, have only upper strata metallic aluminium fusing, and the lower metal steel plate does not melt or it is little molten to have only; Joint is made up of soldered fitting and melting welding point two parts.Realize joint made by flame welding at aluminium and aluminium alloy one side, realize soldered fitting in galvanized steel plain sheet one side.
Before the weldering, successively the aluminium alloy mother metal is carried out machinery, chemical treatment.At first the oxide-film on aluminium alloy test specimen surface is removed, removed the water stain and greasy dirt on the aluminium alloy plate with organic solvents such as acetone, gasoline, kerosene again, more above-mentioned aluminium alloy is carried out alkali cleaning and pickling respectively, the circulating water flushing with sand paper and wire brush.Air-dry or low temperature drying is for use; Remove the water stain and greasy dirt on the galvanized steel plain sheet with organic solvents such as acetone, gasoline, kerosene, dry for use in the dry environment.The test plate (panel) that surface treatment is clean is combined into lap joint (aluminium alloy plate is last, and galvanized steel plain sheet is following).The width of overlap joint is 10mm, utilizes CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) 3200 welding machines to weld then, and welding wire is sent position deviation aluminium alloy plate edge 0-2mm to during welding, regulates welding condition, welds.Molten soldering lap joint attractive in appearance, well behaved at last obtains being shaped.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and case study on implementation the present invention is elaborated.
Embodiment 1: depart from 1mm
The upper strata metallic plate of this case study on implementation is the wrought aluminium alloy AA6061 sheet material of 1mm thickness, and lower floor's galvanized sheet is that thickness is the HDG60 sheet material of 1mm, and size is 100 * 200mm.Before the weldering, aluminum alloy plate materials is earlier removed surperficial oxide-film with the mechanical treatment mode, removes surperficial grease with acetone and other organic solvent again, at last aluminium alloy after the above-mentioned cleaning is carried out alkali cleaning and pickling respectively, and is air-dry or low temperature drying is for use.Remove the water stain and greasy dirt on the galvanized steel plain sheet with acetone and other organic solvent, dry for use in the dry environment.Used welding wire is the ER4043 (AlSi of diameter phi 1.2mm during welding
5).
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, adopt the welding manner that overlaps, aluminium alloy 1 is last, and zinc coat steel plate 2 is following, and lap width L is 10mm.Be fixedly clamped with weld jig.
The molten brazing process parameter of CMT is selected as follows: arc voltage 10V, welding current 45A, wire feed rate 3.0m/min, speed of welding 5mm/s.
Under this welding condition condition, CMT melts the soldering processes good stability, and the positive shaping of joint is attractive in appearance, and joint surface forms continuously uniformly, do not have cataphracted weld seam that splash, narrow and low, and is as shown in Figure 3.And the back side galvanized steel plain sheet color of joint slightly changes, and the zinc coat scaling loss is less, helps keeping the corrosion resistance of galvanized steel plain sheet.Postwelding mother metal deflection is little, compares with weld seam and does not have obviously bending.Simultaneously its cross section is analyzed, found that this kind welding method reinforcement is lower, angle of wetting is less, can know that by figure the reinforcement height is 2.4mm, and the angle of wetting angle is 18 °.Zinc has played good wetting and spreading effect, and is as shown in Figure 4.Therefore, adopt this welding method can reduce to connect the deflection of mother metal greatly.The joint faying face intermetallic species that this method obtains is on steel → soldering faying face → this paths of weld seam fusion zone, and phase changes in distribution trend is: α-Fe solid solution, Fe
3Al, FeAl
3, Fe
2Al
5, FeAl intermetallic compound, the eutectic of α～Al+Si.Intermetallic compound is of a size of 4 μ m.
Postwelding for the detection tabs mechanical property, carries out static tensile test under the room temperature (20 ℃) on the system controlled by computer electronic type universal testing machine of WDW-100D; Measure the tension of joint and cut intensity; Draw speed is 1mm/min, and result of the test shows that fracture occurs in the aluminum mother plate away from the heat affected area; As shown in Figure 5, breaking portion has necking phenomenon.The tension of welding point is cut intensity can reach 204MPa, can satisfy the demand of practical application.Force-bearing situation owing to lap joint in the drawing process is different with the force-bearing situation of mother metal plate tension, so it is different to test the intensity and the aluminum mother plate plate tension intensity that break at mother metal.
Embodiment 2: depart from 2mm
The upper strata metallic plate of this case study on implementation is the wrought aluminium alloy AA6061 sheet material of 1mm thickness, and lower floor's galvanized sheet is that thickness is the HDG60 sheet material of 1mm, and size is 100 * 200mm.Before the weldering, aluminum alloy plate materials is earlier removed surperficial oxide-film with the mechanical treatment mode, removes surperficial grease with acetone and other organic solvent again, at last aluminium alloy after the above-mentioned cleaning is carried out alkali cleaning and pickling respectively, and is air-dry or low temperature drying is for use.Remove the water stain and greasy dirt on the galvanized steel plain sheet with acetone and other organic solvent, dry for use in the dry environment.Used welding wire is the ER4043 (AlSi of diameter phi 1.2mm during welding
5).
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, adopt the welding manner that overlaps, aluminium alloy 1 is last, and zinc coat steel plate 2 is following, and lap width L is 10mm.Be fixedly clamped with weld jig.
The molten brazing process parameter of CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) is selected as follows: arc voltage 12V, welding current 60A, wire feed rate 4.0m/min, speed of welding 6mm/s.
1 one-tenth 60 degree of welding gun 4 and aluminum mother plate angle, tip 5 is 10mm from aluminum mother plate 1 vertical range, and welding wire 3 is sent 1-2mm place, position deviation aluminum mother plate 1 edge to, adopts argon gas as protective gas, and throughput is 15L/min during welding.
Under this welding condition condition, the zinc element on the clad steel sheet has improved wetability and the spreadability of aluminium on steel of molten condition greatly, has obtained good welding point.The joint pattern is continuous, even, attractive in appearance, and nothing is splashed, and defectives such as crackle, pore are few, and is as shown in Figure 6.Postwelding joint back side zinc coat scaling loss is less simultaneously, and the mother metal deflection is little, and the joint reinforcement is lower, and angle of wetting is less, and is as shown in Figure 7.Can know that by figure weld reinforcement is 2.7mm, the angle of wetting angle is 20 °.Therefore, adopt this welding method can reduce to connect the deflection of mother metal greatly.Adopt joint faying face intermetallic species that this method obtains on steel → soldering faying face → this paths of weld seam fusion zone, phase changes in distribution trend is: α-Fe solid solution, Fe
3Al, FeAl
3, Fe
2Al
5, FeAl intermetallic compound, the eutectic of α～Al+Si.Intermetallic compound is of a size of 5 μ m.
Postwelding carries out mechanics property analysis.This embodiment is identical with embodiment 1, and result of the test shows that fracture occurs in the aluminum mother plate away from the heat affected area, and breaking portion has necking phenomenon, and is as shown in Figure 8.The tension of welding point is cut intensity can reach 195MPa, so this process can reach higher tension and cut intensity, can satisfy the demand of practical application.Force-bearing situation owing to lap joint in the drawing process is different with the force-bearing situation of mother metal plate tension, so it is different to test the intensity and the aluminum mother plate plate tension intensity that break at mother metal.
Claims (4)
1. aluminum/steel dissimilar metal cold metal transition method of attachment; It is characterized in that adopting a kind of aluminium alloy welding wire welding that contains the aluminium element silicon,, pass through melting aluminum alloy welding wire and aluminium alloy mother metal during welding through cold metal transition weldering; Forming melting in aluminium sheet one side connects; The while steel plate remains solid-state, realizes that in steel plate one side soldering connects, and forms the welding-braze lap joint.
2. aluminum/steel dissimilar metal cold metal transition method of attachment according to claim 1 is characterized in that ordinary low-carbon steel or low alloy steel plate are carried out zinc-plated processing, carries out that sheet material after the zinc-plated processing is thick to be 1mm, and wherein zinc-plated bed thickness is 60g/m
2
3. aluminum/steel dissimilar metal cold metal transition method of attachment according to claim 1 is characterized in that using the aluminium alloy welding wire that contains the aluminium element silicon, and its chemical composition (%) is: Si:4.5-6.0; Fe:0.8, Cu:0.3, Ti:0.2; Zn:0.1; Mn:0.05, Mg:0.05, all the other are Al.
4. aluminum/steel dissimilar metal cold metal transition method of attachment according to claim 1 is characterized in that weldingvoltage 10～12V, welding current 45～60A; Wire feed rate 3.0～4.0m/min, speed of welding 5.0～6.0mm/s, welding gun become 45-60 degree angle with welding base metal; Tip is 7～10mm from the mother metal vertical range; Welding wire is sent position deviation aluminium sheet panel edges 0-2mm place to, adopts argon gas as protective gas, and throughput is 15L/min during welding.
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| CN109596425A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-09 | 江西江铃集团新能源汽车有限公司 | A kind of lap joint Evaluation Method of Mechanical Property |
| CN110666329A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-10 | 重庆理工大学 | Method for improving corrosion resistance of welded joint of aluminum plate and steel plate |
| CN110666329B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-09-14 | 重庆理工大学 | Method for improving corrosion resistance of welded joint of aluminum plate and steel plate |
| CN113399861A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-17 | 西安理工大学 | Copper-nickel-based welding wire for copper-steel transition layer melting-brazing and preparation method thereof |
| CN113399861B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-11-15 | 西安理工大学 | Copper-nickel-based welding wire for copper-steel transition layer melting-brazing and preparation method thereof |
| CN114473145A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-05-13 | 上海工程技术大学 | Control method for forming aluminum steel heterogeneous metal arc welding seam |
| CN114473145B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2024-04-16 | 上海工程技术大学 | Control method for forming welding seam of aluminum steel heterogeneous metal arc welding |
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Application publication date: 20120620 |