EP2898275A1 - High temperature baking furnace - Google Patents

High temperature baking furnace

Info

Publication number
EP2898275A1
EP2898275A1 EP13767034.5A EP13767034A EP2898275A1 EP 2898275 A1 EP2898275 A1 EP 2898275A1 EP 13767034 A EP13767034 A EP 13767034A EP 2898275 A1 EP2898275 A1 EP 2898275A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
movable elements
tunnel
high temperature
cooking
fixed structures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13767034.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2898275B1 (en
Inventor
Giovanni ZAMPARO
Christophe AUBERTOT
Philippe Hatton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ceritherm
SEIPIA
Direxa Engineering LLC
Original Assignee
Ceritherm
SEIPIA
Direxa Engineering LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ceritherm, SEIPIA, Direxa Engineering LLC filed Critical Ceritherm
Publication of EP2898275A1 publication Critical patent/EP2898275A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2898275B1 publication Critical patent/EP2898275B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/26—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace on or in trucks, sleds, or containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/22—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace on rails, e.g. under the action of scrapers or pushers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/24—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor
    • F27B9/2469—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace being carried by a conveyor the conveyor being constituted by rollable bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/38—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F27B2009/382—Charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0059—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities comprising tracks, e.g. rails and wagon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and devices for moving loads in furnaces, especially high temperature furnaces for firing ceramics.
  • high temperatures will be used to denote treatment temperatures between 700 and 1800 degrees Celsius.
  • an oven consists of an enclosure in which the conditions of temperature, pressure and atmosphere necessary for the transformation of the products to be cooked are carried out.
  • baking tunnel will be used to designate the area delimited by the four adjacent walls which are: the two lateral walls also called “right feet”, the upper face called “vault” and the lower face called “sole”.
  • the scope of the invention will be limited to furnaces in which the products to be cooked are introduced into the cooking chamber by one of the ends of the cooking tunnel and emerge after heat treatment either by the same end or by the end. opposite.
  • each of the kiln cars consists of a slab of refractory materials and thermal insulators intended on the one hand to support the load of the products to be cooked and on the other hand to limit heat exchanges with the outside. from the oven.
  • Said slab of refractory and insulating materials is supported by a metal frame itself equipped with wheels or any other mechanical means allowing the kiln car to be moved easily.
  • the slab of refractory and insulating materials forms a heat shield between the high temperature cooking zone and the mechanical transport means located under the metal frames.
  • the oven cars are arranged in contact with each other and thus constitute the sole of the cooking tunnel.
  • the metal frame and said mechanical displacement means must be maintained at an acceptable temperature for the materials and lubricants used.
  • forced ventilation or natural convection of the undercarriage area is usually provided in the furnace design.
  • the refractory and insulating materials of the upper slab represent a mass of several hundred kilograms per square meter useful. They undergo the thermal and mechanical stresses of the cooking cycle repeatedly and are the source of maintenance costs for the operators.
  • the upper slab and frame account for about thirty percent of the oven's heat consumption.
  • the cooking tunnel is delimited by fixed walls constituting the hearth of the oven, the vault and the side walls.
  • the products to be cooked are placed on rollers passing through the side walls of the cooking tunnel. Said rollers are supported and rotated by a mechanism located outside the cooking tunnel on the side walls.
  • roller furnace Another disadvantage of the roller furnace is the lack of sealing due to the numerous passages of the rollers through the side walls of the cooking tunnel.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a solution for moving the products in a cooking tunnel, all the walls of which are fixed and without any mechanical element intended for the movement of the products passing through any of the four fixed and adjacent walls delimiting said tunnel.
  • the invention relates to a high temperature baking oven, comprising:
  • the fixed structures pass through the cooking tunnel from one end to the other and comprise sections arranged end to end, each section being held in position by one or more support parts bearing on one or more of the fixed walls of the tunnel. Cooking.
  • the movable elements are juxtaposed in mutual support and their displacement is ensured by the action on some of the elements located near the ends of the cooking tunnel.
  • the rolling means said pads, consist of an assembly of two to six rollers to at least one cylindrical zone, interconnected at their axis by one or more spacers intended to limit the relative displacement of the rollers and to avoid that two adjacent rollers of the same pad or two successive pads do not come into contact.
  • the profile of the rollers is adapted to the profiles of the sections of the fixed structures and the moving elements in order to ensure the longitudinal guidance of the moving elements during their movement.
  • the profile of the movable elements is adapted to the profile of the sections of the fixed structures to provide longitudinal guidance of the movable elements on the fixed structures.
  • the cylindrical zones of the rollers receiving the load of the movable elements are of a diameter different from those transmitting this load to the sections of the fixed structures.
  • the pads move at a lower speed than the moving elements.
  • the movable elements and the pads are taken again at the exit of the tunnel by a handling device which transfers them outside the tunnel of cooking until the entry to be used again.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a cooking tunnel equipped with oven cars according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a roller oven according to the prior art ..
  • FIG. 4 shows a side view in section AA, an embodiment of a device according to the invention wherein the support parts of the fixed sections are placed on the sole of the baking tunnel.
  • Figure 5 shows a section along BB of the view of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows a front view, an embodiment of a pad according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows a side view, an embodiment of a pad according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a roller.
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the invention wherein the load transfers between the movable elements and the fixed sections relate to the same cylindrical areas of the rollers.
  • FIG. 10 and 11 show an embodiment of the invention wherein the load transfers between the movable elements and the fixed sections relate to different areas of the rollers.
  • - Figure 12 shows an embodiment where the longitudinal guide between the fixed sections and the movable elements is effected through the pads interlayers.
  • - Figure 13 shows an embodiment where the longitudinal guidance of the movable elements is provided by the fixed structures.
  • the different views show the side walls 1, the roof 2 and the floor 3 of the cooking tunnel and the loads of products to be fired 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows an oven car 5, the refractory and insulating material slab 6, the metal frame 7 and the mechanical displacement means 8 according to the prior art of the wagon furnaces.
  • FIG. 3 to 13 there are fixed structures 10, fixed sections 11, support parts 12 for holding in position the fixed sections relative to the cooking tunnel.
  • the moving elements 13, the shoes 14, the rollers 15 and the spacers of the rollers 16 can also be distinguished.
  • the support members 12 of the fixed sections 11 are placed on the hearth 3 of the cooking tunnel and held in position by a lock 17 on said hearth.
  • the sections 11 of the fixed structures are also held in position on the support parts 12.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show a particular embodiment of a pad provided with three rollers 15 spaced apart by two spacers 16 located on either side of the rollers.
  • FIG. 8 are distinguished the two outer cylindrical zones of the same diameter 19 connected by a cylindrical zone with a smaller diameter 20 and two flat or conical connection zones 21 used for lateral guidance between the fixed sections and the mobile elements.
  • the angle of the connection areas with the cylindrical areas can vary between 90 and 45 degrees.
  • the movable element 13 rests on the cylindrical zone of the small central diameter 20 of the roller while the fixed section 11 is in contact with the cylindrical zones of large diameter 19.
  • the lateral guidance is obtained by the contact on the lateral zones 21 of the roller. This arrangement reduces friction by naturally aligning the rollers.
  • FIG. 11 shows an inverted arrangement of FIG. 10 where the mobile element 13 is then resting on the cylindrical zones of large diameters 19 of the roller and the fixed section 11 on the central cylindrical zone.
  • the guide between the fixed portion 11 and the movable member 13 is provided by means of the spacers 16.
  • the rollers 15 can then be cylindrical since they no longer provide the guiding function.
  • the profile of the movable elements 13 is adapted to the profile of the sections 11 of the fixed structures 10 to provide longitudinal guidance of the movable elements on the fixed structures.
  • the shoe 14 is held in the lateral position, in the case of FIG. 12, by the fixed structure, and in the case of FIG. 13, by the movable elements 13.
  • the devices for moving products in a high temperature cooking tunnel according to the invention consist on the one hand:
  • Said fixed structures 10 consist of sections 11 arranged end to end, each fixed section being held in position by one or more support members 12 bearing on one or more of the fixed walls of the cooking tunnel,
  • Said movable elements 13 are juxtaposed in mutual support and their displacement is ensured by an action on some of the elements 13 located near the ends of the cooking tunnel.
  • the installation according to the invention comprises devices 14 disposed between the fixed structures 10 and the movable elements 13 and facilitating the movement of said elements, designated by the term "pads".
  • Cooking supports consisting of bars 18 or frames receive the products to be cooked and connect the upper faces of the elements movable 13 transversely to their axes of movement in the cooking tunnel.
  • the pads 14 consist of an assembly of two to six rollers 15 interconnected at their axis by one or more spacers 16 intended to limit the relative displacement of the rollers and thus avoid two adjacent rollers 15 of a same pad 14 or two successive pads do not come into contact.
  • the pads 14 are driven in translation by the rolling of some of the rollers 15 in contact with the sections 11 of the fixed structure 10 and the movable elements 13.
  • rollers 15 which are not in contact with the sections 11 of the fixed structure 10 or the movable elements 13 due to geometrical irregularities are temporarily driven by the spacers 16 connecting them to the adjacent rollers.
  • Said walls can thus accommodate the thermal and aeraulic equipment necessary for the cooking process such as, for example, burners, brew fans and fluid distribution ducts.
  • the profile of all or some rollers 15 is adapted to the profiles of the sections 11 of the fixed structure 10 and the movable elements 13 to provide longitudinal guidance of the movable elements during their movement.
  • the cylindrical zones of the rollers 15 receiving the load of the movable elements 13 are of a different diameter from those transmitting this load to the sections 11 of the fixed structure.
  • the longitudinal guidance of the movable elements 13 on the sections 11 of the fixed structure is ensured by the inserts 16 of the pads 14.
  • the profile of the movable elements 13 is adapted to the profile of the fixed structures 10 to provide longitudinal guidance of the movable elements 13 on the sections 11 of the fixed structure.
  • the method for conveying the charges to be fired in an oven according to the invention comprises the steps of:
  • the movable elements 13 and the pads 14 are taken out of the tunnel by a handling device which transfers them outside the cooking tunnel to the entrance to be used again.
  • the industrial applications of the invention relate mainly to tunnel and intermittent furnaces in the ceramic and metallurgical industries and, more generally, to high temperature, controlled atmosphere or fast cycle treatment furnaces.
  • the mode of displacement proposed by the invention makes it possible to overcome thermal losses due to the presence of mobile load carriers such as oven cars and to ensure perfect sealing of the cooking chamber.
  • the use of the invention allows a reduction of the cooking cycles and the thermal consumptions in these industries and the improvement of the quality of the products by the homogeneity of the cooking conditions in the section of the cooking tunnel.

Abstract

A high temperature baking furnace. Inside the cooking tunnel, it comprises longitudinal fixed support and guide structures (10), mobile elements (13) that can be moved along the fixed structures (10) and support the loads to be baked (4), and rolling means (14) between the fixed structures (10) and the mobile elements (13) to allow the movement of the mobile elements along the fixed structures.

Description

« Four de cuisson à haute température »  "High temperature baking oven"
La présente invention concerne un procédé et les dispositifs destinés à assurer le déplacement de charges dans les fours, notamment les fours à haute température destinés à la cuisson des céramiques. The present invention relates to a method and devices for moving loads in furnaces, especially high temperature furnaces for firing ceramics.
On désignera par le terme hautes températures, des températures de traitement comprises entre 700 et 1800 degrés Celsius.  The term "high temperatures" will be used to denote treatment temperatures between 700 and 1800 degrees Celsius.
D'une manière générale, un four est constitué d'une enceinte dans laquelle on réalise les conditions de température, de pression et d'atmosphère nécessaires à la transformation des produits à cuire.  In general, an oven consists of an enclosure in which the conditions of temperature, pressure and atmosphere necessary for the transformation of the products to be cooked are carried out.
On désignera par le terme « tunnel de cuisson » la zone délimitée par les quatre parois adjacentes qui sont : les deux murs latéraux nommés aussi « pieds droits», la face supérieure nommée « voûte» et la face inférieure nommée « sole ».  The term "baking tunnel" will be used to designate the area delimited by the four adjacent walls which are: the two lateral walls also called "right feet", the upper face called "vault" and the lower face called "sole".
On limitera la portée de l'invention aux fours dans lesquels les produits à cuire sont introduits dans l'enceinte de cuisson par l'une des extrémités du tunnel de cuisson et ressortent après traitement thermique soit par la même extrémité, soit par l'extrémité opposée.  The scope of the invention will be limited to furnaces in which the products to be cooked are introduced into the cooking chamber by one of the ends of the cooking tunnel and emerge after heat treatment either by the same end or by the end. opposite.
Aux extrémités dudit tunnel, on dispose parfois des portes ou tout autre moyen permettant de maîtriser les échanges entre l'enceinte de cuisson et l'atelier.  At the ends of said tunnel, there are sometimes doors or any other means to control the exchanges between the cooking chamber and the workshop.
La manière la plus connue et également la plus ancienne pour déplacer les produits à cuire dans un four à été de les disposer sur des structures mobiles généralement appelées « wagons de four», les produits à cuire étant posés sur la face supérieure desdits wagons.  The most known and also the oldest way to move the products to be cooked in an oven has been to arrange them on mobile structures generally called "oven cars", the cooking products being placed on the upper face of said wagons.
La zone supérieure de chacun des wagons de four est constituée d'une dalle de matériaux réfractaires et d'isolants thermiques destinés d'une part à supporter la charge des produits à cuire et d'autre part à limiter les échanges thermiques avec l'extérieur du four.  The upper zone of each of the kiln cars consists of a slab of refractory materials and thermal insulators intended on the one hand to support the load of the products to be cooked and on the other hand to limit heat exchanges with the outside. from the oven.
Ladite dalle de matériaux réfractaires et isolants est supportée par un châssis métallique lui-même équipé de roues ou de tout autre moyen mécanique permettant au wagon de four d'être déplacé facilement.  Said slab of refractory and insulating materials is supported by a metal frame itself equipped with wheels or any other mechanical means allowing the kiln car to be moved easily.
La dalle de matériaux réfractaires et isolants forme un écran thermique entre la zone de cuisson à haute température et les moyens mécaniques de transport situés sous les châssis métalliques. Dans le four, les wagons de four sont disposés les uns au contact des autres et constituent de ce fait la sole du tunnel de cuisson. The slab of refractory and insulating materials forms a heat shield between the high temperature cooking zone and the mechanical transport means located under the metal frames. In the oven, the oven cars are arranged in contact with each other and thus constitute the sole of the cooking tunnel.
Pour isoler le tunnel de cuisson, situé au-dessus de la sole, du passage de service, situé au-dessous de la sole, il est connu de prévoir d'une part des tabliers latéraux d'étanchéité portés par les wagons de four à hauteur de la sole, d'autre part des gouttières à sable solidaires des parois latérales du four. De tels moyens coopérants sont décrits dans les documents DE 23 54 463 et DE 20 16 537.  To isolate the cooking tunnel, located above the sole, the service passage, located below the sole, it is known to provide on the one hand side sealing aprons carried by the kiln cars to height of the sole, on the other hand sand gutters integral with the side walls of the oven. Such cooperating means are described in documents DE 23 54 463 and DE 20 16 537.
Le châssis métallique et lesdits moyens mécaniques de déplacement doivent être maintenus à une température acceptable pour les matériaux et les produits de lubrification utilisés. A cette fin, une ventilation forcée ou une convection naturelle de la zone sous wagons est généralement prévue dans la conception du four.  The metal frame and said mechanical displacement means must be maintained at an acceptable temperature for the materials and lubricants used. For this purpose, forced ventilation or natural convection of the undercarriage area is usually provided in the furnace design.
Cette solution est aujourd'hui universellement utilisée bien qu'elle présente de nombreux inconvénients :  This solution is today universally used although it has many disadvantages:
- La dalle supérieure des wagons de four est soumise à des contraintes thermiques de déformation  - The upper slab of kiln cars is subjected to thermal stresses of deformation
- Les matériaux réfractaires et isolants de la dalle supérieure représentent une masse de plusieurs centaines de kilogrammes par mètre carré utile. Ils subissent les contraintes thermiques et mécaniques du cycle de cuisson de manière répétée et sont à l'origine de coûts d'entretien pour les exploitants.  - The refractory and insulating materials of the upper slab represent a mass of several hundred kilograms per square meter useful. They undergo the thermal and mechanical stresses of the cooking cycle repeatedly and are the source of maintenance costs for the operators.
- La dalle supérieure et le châssis participent pour environ trente pour cent à la consommation thermique du four.  - The upper slab and frame account for about thirty percent of the oven's heat consumption.
- Le refroidissement nécessaire du châssis et des moyens mécaniques de déplacement représente une consommation thermique inutile à la transformation des produits.  - The necessary cooling of the chassis and the mechanical means of displacement represents an unnecessary heat consumption for the transformation of the products.
- Les fuites thermiques et aérauliques d'une part entre les parois latérales fixes du tunnel de cuisson et les wagons mobiles et d'autre part entre les wagons eux-mêmes sont la cause d'une consommation d'énergie thermique, d'hétérogénéité à l'intérieur du tunnel de cuisson et de la dégradation par échauffement des moyens mécaniques de déplacement.  - The thermal and aeraulic leakages, on the one hand, between the fixed sidewalls of the cooking tunnel and the moving wagons and, on the other hand, between the wagons themselves, are the cause of a thermal energy consumption, of heterogeneity with inside the cooking tunnel and the degradation by heating of the mechanical means of displacement.
- L'isolation thermique des wagons mobiles est plus difficile à obtenir que celle des parois fixes du tunnel de cuisson, ce qui entraîne des pertes thermiques et des frottements mécaniques dus aux systèmes d'étanchéité latéraux. - Les châssis métalliques sont soumis à des cycles d'échauffement et de refroidissement et subissent des déformations permanentes malgré les systèmes de refroidissement prévus. - The thermal insulation of moving wagons is more difficult to obtain than that of the fixed walls of the cooking tunnel, which leads to thermal losses and mechanical friction due to the lateral sealing systems. - The metal frames are subjected to heating and cooling cycles and undergo permanent deformations despite the planned cooling systems.
- La masse et l'inertie thermique des wagons limite l'utilisation de ce type de four à des cycles lents, généralement supérieurs à dix heures.  - The mass and the thermal inertia of the wagons limits the use of this type of oven to slow cycles, generally superior to ten hours.
Certains constructeurs ont imaginé de remplacer les wagons de four occupant toute la largeur du tunnel de cuisson par des wagons étroits formant ainsi plusieurs structures mobiles parallèles dans la sole du tunnel de cuisson sans pour autant résoudre les problèmes d'étanchéité ni échauffement des moyens mécaniques de déplacement situés sous les wagons étroits.  Some manufacturers have thought of replacing the kiln cars running the full width of the cooking tunnel by narrow wagons thus forming several parallel mobile structures in the hearth of the tunnel of cooking without solving the problems of sealing or heating of the mechanical means of moving under the narrow wagons.
Une autre solution connue au problème de déplacement des produits dans les fours est le four à rouleaux.  Another known solution to the problem of moving products in the furnaces is the roller furnace.
Dans un four à rouleaux, le tunnel de cuisson est délimité par des parois fixes constituant la sole du four, la voûte et les murs latéraux.  In a roller oven, the cooking tunnel is delimited by fixed walls constituting the hearth of the oven, the vault and the side walls.
Dans un four à rouleaux, les produits à cuire sont posés sur des rouleaux traversant les parois latérales du tunnel de cuisson. Lesdits rouleaux sont supportés et entraînés en rotation par une mécanique située à l'extérieur du tunnel de cuisson sur les parois latérales.  In a roller oven, the products to be cooked are placed on rollers passing through the side walls of the cooking tunnel. Said rollers are supported and rotated by a mechanism located outside the cooking tunnel on the side walls.
Cette solution, très répandue dans l'industrie du carrelage, est limitée par la longueur des rouleaux et la charge pouvant être supportée par lesdits rouleaux.  This solution, widespread in the tile industry, is limited by the length of the rollers and the load that can be supported by said rollers.
Un autre inconvénient du four à rouleaux est le défaut d'étanchéité dû aux nombreux passages des rouleaux à travers les parois latérales du tunnel de cuisson.  Another disadvantage of the roller furnace is the lack of sealing due to the numerous passages of the rollers through the side walls of the cooking tunnel.
Le but de l'invention est de proposer une solution de déplacement des produits dans un tunnel de cuisson dont toutes les parois sont fixes et sans qu'aucun élément mécanique destiné au déplacement des produits ne traverse aucune des quatre parois fixes et adjacentes qui délimitent ledit tunnel .  The object of the invention is to propose a solution for moving the products in a cooking tunnel, all the walls of which are fixed and without any mechanical element intended for the movement of the products passing through any of the four fixed and adjacent walls delimiting said tunnel.
L'invention a pour objet un four de cuisson à haute température, comportant :  The invention relates to a high temperature baking oven, comprising:
- des structures fixes longitudinales de support et de guidage, et longitudinal fixed structures of support and guidance, and
- des éléments mobiles déplaçables le long des structures fixes et supportant les charges à cuire, movable elements movable along the fixed structures and supporting the loads to be fired,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de roulement entre les structures fixes et les éléments mobiles pour assurer le déplacement des éléments mobiles le long des structures fixes ; en ce que le déplacement des charges dans le four est assuré sans interaction entre les parois du tunnel de cuisson et les moyens de déplacement des charges dans le four, et en ce que, à l'intérieur du tunnel de cuisson, lesdites structures fixes, lesdits éléments mobiles et lesdits moyens de roulement sont soumis aux mêmes conditions de température et d'atmosphère que la zone du tunnel de cuisson où ils sont situés. characterized in that it comprises rolling means between the fixed structures and the movable elements to ensure the displacement of movable elements along fixed structures; in that the displacement of the charges in the furnace is ensured without interaction between the walls of the cooking tunnel and the means for moving the charges in the oven, and in that, inside the cooking tunnel, said fixed structures, said movable elements and said rolling means are subjected to the same temperature and atmosphere conditions as the zone of the cooking tunnel where they are located.
Avantageusement, les structures fixes traversent le tunnel de cuisson d'une extrémité à l'autre et comportent des tronçons disposés bout à bout, chaque tronçon étant maintenu en position par une ou plusieurs pièces supports prenant appui sur une ou plusieurs des parois fixes du tunnel de cuisson.  Advantageously, the fixed structures pass through the cooking tunnel from one end to the other and comprise sections arranged end to end, each section being held in position by one or more support parts bearing on one or more of the fixed walls of the tunnel. Cooking.
De manière avantageuse, les éléments mobiles sont juxtaposés en appui réciproque et leur déplacement est assuré par l'action sur certains des éléments situés près des extrémités du tunnel de cuisson.  Advantageously, the movable elements are juxtaposed in mutual support and their displacement is ensured by the action on some of the elements located near the ends of the cooking tunnel.
De préférence, les moyens de roulement, dits patins, sont constitués d'un assemblage de deux à six galets à au moins une zone cylindrique, reliés entre eux au niveau de leur axe par un ou plusieurs intercalaires destinés à limiter le déplacement relatif des galets et à éviter ainsi que deux galets adjacents d'un même patin ou de deux patins successifs ne viennent en contact.  Preferably, the rolling means, said pads, consist of an assembly of two to six rollers to at least one cylindrical zone, interconnected at their axis by one or more spacers intended to limit the relative displacement of the rollers and to avoid that two adjacent rollers of the same pad or two successive pads do not come into contact.
Avantageusement, le profil des galets est adapté aux profils des tronçons des structures fixes et des éléments mobiles afin d'assurer le guidage longitudinal des éléments mobiles au cours de leur déplacement.  Advantageously, the profile of the rollers is adapted to the profiles of the sections of the fixed structures and the moving elements in order to ensure the longitudinal guidance of the moving elements during their movement.
De manière avantageuse, le profil des éléments mobiles est adapté au profil des tronçons des structures fixes afin d'assurer le guidage longitudinal des éléments mobiles sur les structures fixes.  Advantageously, the profile of the movable elements is adapted to the profile of the sections of the fixed structures to provide longitudinal guidance of the movable elements on the fixed structures.
De préférence, les zones cylindriques des galets recevant la charge des éléments mobiles sont d'un diamètre différent de celles transmettant cette charge aux tronçons des structures fixes.  Preferably, the cylindrical zones of the rollers receiving the load of the movable elements are of a diameter different from those transmitting this load to the sections of the fixed structures.
Avantageusement, les patins se déplacent à une vitesse inférieure à celle des éléments mobiles.  Advantageously, the pads move at a lower speed than the moving elements.
L'invention a encore pour objet, un procédé d'acheminement des charges à cuire dans un four de cuisson à haute température caractérisé par les étapes de :  The subject of the invention is also a process for conveying the charges to be fired in a high temperature cooking oven characterized by the steps of:
- sur des structures fixes longitudinales de support et de guidage, disposer à intervalles des patins aptes à assurer un déplacement, - sur les patins, disposer des éléments mobiles juxtaposés dans le sens longitudinal de déplacement, on longitudinal fixed support and guide structures, to arrange, at intervals, pads that are capable of moving, - on the runners, arrange moving elements juxtaposed in the longitudinal direction of movement,
- sur les éléments mobiles, placer les supports de cuisson et les charges à cuire,  - on moving parts, place the baking trays and the loads to be cooked,
- aux extrémités du tunnel, appliquer une poussée aux éléments mobiles pour les faire progresser.  - at the ends of the tunnel, apply a push to the moving elements to make them progress.
Avantageusement, les éléments mobiles et les patins sont repris à la sortie du tunnel par un dispositif de manutention qui les transfère à l'extérieur du tunnel de cuisson jusqu'à l'entrée pour être de nouveau utilisés.  Advantageously, the movable elements and the pads are taken again at the exit of the tunnel by a handling device which transfers them outside the tunnel of cooking until the entry to be used again.
L'invention est décrite avec référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :  The invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- La figure 1 représente une vue schématique en coupe transversale d'un tunnel de cuisson équipé de wagons de four selon l'art antérieur.  - Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a cooking tunnel equipped with oven cars according to the prior art.
- La figure 2 représente une vue schématique en coupe transversale d'un four à rouleaux selon l'art antérieur..  - Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a roller oven according to the prior art ..
- La figure 3 représente une vue schématique en coupe transversale du tunnel de cuisson et des dispositifs selon l'invention.  - Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the cooking tunnel and devices according to the invention.
- La figure 4 représente en vue de côté selon la coupe AA, un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention où les pièces supports des tronçons fixes sont posées sur la sole du tunnel de cuisson.  - Figure 4 shows a side view in section AA, an embodiment of a device according to the invention wherein the support parts of the fixed sections are placed on the sole of the baking tunnel.
- La figure 5 représente une coupe selon BB de la vue de la figure 4. - Figure 5 shows a section along BB of the view of Figure 4.
- La figure 6 représente en vue de face, un mode de réalisation d'un patin selon l'invention. - Figure 6 shows a front view, an embodiment of a pad according to the invention.
- La figure 7 représente en vue de coté, un mode de réalisation d'un patin selon l'invention.  - Figure 7 shows a side view, an embodiment of a pad according to the invention.
- La figure 8 représente un mode de réalisation d'un galet. - Figure 8 shows an embodiment of a roller.
- La figure 9 représente un mode de réalisation de l'invention où les transferts de charge entre les éléments mobiles et les tronçons fixes concernent les mêmes zones cylindriques des galets. - Figure 9 shows an embodiment of the invention wherein the load transfers between the movable elements and the fixed sections relate to the same cylindrical areas of the rollers.
- Les figures 10 et 11 représentent un mode de réalisation de l'invention où les transferts de charge entre les éléments mobiles et les tronçons fixes concernent des zones différentes des galets.  - Figures 10 and 11 show an embodiment of the invention wherein the load transfers between the movable elements and the fixed sections relate to different areas of the rollers.
- La figure 12 représente un mode de réalisation où le guidage longitudinal entre les tronçons fixes et les éléments mobiles s'effectue par l'intermédiaire des intercalaires des patins. - La figure 13 représente un mode de réalisation où le guidage longitudinal des éléments mobiles est assuré par les structures fixes. - Figure 12 shows an embodiment where the longitudinal guide between the fixed sections and the movable elements is effected through the pads interlayers. - Figure 13 shows an embodiment where the longitudinal guidance of the movable elements is provided by the fixed structures.
En référence à ces dessins, on distingue sur les différentes vues les parois latérales 1, la voûte 2 et la sole 3 du tunnel de cuisson et les charges de produits à cuire 4.  With reference to these drawings, the different views show the side walls 1, the roof 2 and the floor 3 of the cooking tunnel and the loads of products to be fired 4.
Sur la figure 1 on a représenté un wagon de four 5, la dalle de matériaux réfractaires et isolants 6, le châssis métallique 7 et les moyens mécaniques de déplacement 8 selon l'art antérieur des fours à wagons.  FIG. 1 shows an oven car 5, the refractory and insulating material slab 6, the metal frame 7 and the mechanical displacement means 8 according to the prior art of the wagon furnaces.
Sur la figure 2, les rouleaux 9 selon l'art antérieur des fours à rouleaux supportent la charge 4.  In FIG. 2, the rollers 9 according to the prior art of the roller furnaces support the load 4.
Sur les figures 3 à 13, on distingue les structures fixes 10, les tronçons fixes 11, les pièces supports 12 destinées à maintenir en position les tronçons fixes par rapport au tunnel de cuisson. On distingue également les éléments mobiles 13, les patins 14, les galets 15 et les intercalaires des galets 16.  Figures 3 to 13, there are fixed structures 10, fixed sections 11, support parts 12 for holding in position the fixed sections relative to the cooking tunnel. The moving elements 13, the shoes 14, the rollers 15 and the spacers of the rollers 16 can also be distinguished.
Sur les figures 4 et 5, les pièces supports 12 des tronçons fixes 11 sont posées sur la sole 3 du tunnel de cuisson et maintenues en position par un verrouillage 17 sur ladite sole. Les tronçons 11 des structures fixes sont également maintenus en position sur les pièces supports 12.  In FIGS. 4 and 5, the support members 12 of the fixed sections 11 are placed on the hearth 3 of the cooking tunnel and held in position by a lock 17 on said hearth. The sections 11 of the fixed structures are also held in position on the support parts 12.
On distingue également les supports de cuisson constitués de barreaux We can also distinguish the cooking supports made of bars
18 et les charges de produits à cuire 4. 18 and loads of cooking products 4.
Sur les figures 4 et 5, le guidage longitudinal des éléments mobiles 13 sur les structures fixes est assuré par le profil en diabolo des galets 15 et les formes complémentaires des tronçons fixes et des éléments mobiles.  Figures 4 and 5, the longitudinal guidance of the movable elements 13 on the fixed structures is provided by the diabolo profile of the rollers 15 and the complementary shapes of the fixed sections and movable elements.
Les figures 6 et 7 montrent un exemple particulier de réalisation d'un patin muni de trois galets 15 maintenus en écartement par deux intercalaires 16 situés de part et d'autre des galets.  Figures 6 and 7 show a particular embodiment of a pad provided with three rollers 15 spaced apart by two spacers 16 located on either side of the rollers.
Sur la figure 8 on distingue les deux zones cylindriques extérieures de même diamètre 19 reliées par une zone cylindrique d'un diamètre inférieur 20 et deux zones de raccordement planes ou conique 21 utilisées pour le guidage latéral entre les tronçons fixes et les éléments mobiles. L'angle des zones de raccordement avec les zones cylindriques peut varier entre 90 et 45 degrés.  In FIG. 8 are distinguished the two outer cylindrical zones of the same diameter 19 connected by a cylindrical zone with a smaller diameter 20 and two flat or conical connection zones 21 used for lateral guidance between the fixed sections and the mobile elements. The angle of the connection areas with the cylindrical areas can vary between 90 and 45 degrees.
Sur la figure 9, le transfert de charge entre l'élément mobile 13 et le tronçon fixe 11 s'effectue par le contact avec les zones cylindriques extérieures In FIG. 9, the transfer of charge between the mobile element 13 and the fixed section 11 is effected by contact with the outer cylindrical zones
19 du galet. Sur la figure 10, l'élément mobile 13 repose sur la zone cylindrique du petit diamètre central 20 du galet alors que le tronçon fixe 11 est en contact avec les zones cylindriques de grand diamètre 19. Le guidage latéral est obtenu par le contact sur les zones latérales 21 du galet. Cette disposition réduit les frottements en alignant naturellement les galets. 19 of the roller. In FIG. 10, the movable element 13 rests on the cylindrical zone of the small central diameter 20 of the roller while the fixed section 11 is in contact with the cylindrical zones of large diameter 19. The lateral guidance is obtained by the contact on the lateral zones 21 of the roller. This arrangement reduces friction by naturally aligning the rollers.
La figure 11 montre une disposition inversée de la figure 10 où l'élément mobile 13 est alors en appui sur les zones cylindriques de grands diamètres 19 du galet et le tronçon fixe 11 sur la zone cylindrique centrale.  FIG. 11 shows an inverted arrangement of FIG. 10 where the mobile element 13 is then resting on the cylindrical zones of large diameters 19 of the roller and the fixed section 11 on the central cylindrical zone.
Sur la figure 12, le guidage entre le tronçon fixe 11 et l'élément mobile 13 est assuré par l'intermédiaire des intercalaires 16. Les galets 15 peuvent alors être cylindriques puisqu'ils n'assurent plus la fonction de guidage.  In Figure 12, the guide between the fixed portion 11 and the movable member 13 is provided by means of the spacers 16. The rollers 15 can then be cylindrical since they no longer provide the guiding function.
Sur la figure 13, le profil des éléments mobiles 13 est adapté au profil des tronçons 11 des structures fixes 10 afin d'assurer le guidage longitudinal des éléments mobiles sur les structures fixes. Le patin 14 est maintenu en position latérale, dans le cas de la figure 12, par la structure fixe, et dans le cas de la figure 13, par les éléments mobiles 13.  In Figure 13, the profile of the movable elements 13 is adapted to the profile of the sections 11 of the fixed structures 10 to provide longitudinal guidance of the movable elements on the fixed structures. The shoe 14 is held in the lateral position, in the case of FIG. 12, by the fixed structure, and in the case of FIG. 13, by the movable elements 13.
Les dispositifs de déplacement des produits dans un tunnel de cuisson à haute température selon l'invention sont constitués d'une part :  The devices for moving products in a high temperature cooking tunnel according to the invention consist on the one hand:
- de structures fixes 10 longitudinales disposées à l'intérieur du tunnel de cuisson et le traversant d'une extrémité à l'autre en étant parallèles entre elles. Lesdites structures fixes 10 sont constituées de tronçons 11 disposés bout à bout, chaque tronçon fixe étant maintenu en position par une ou plusieurs pièces supports 12 prenant appui sur une ou plusieurs des parois fixes du tunnel de cuisson,  longitudinal fixed structures disposed inside the cooking tunnel and passing therethrough from one end to the other while being parallel to each other. Said fixed structures 10 consist of sections 11 arranged end to end, each fixed section being held in position by one or more support members 12 bearing on one or more of the fixed walls of the cooking tunnel,
- d'éléments mobiles 13 portant les charges à cuire et se déplaçant longitudinalement sur les structures fixes 10.  - Mobile elements 13 carrying the loads to be cooked and moving longitudinally on the fixed structures 10.
Lesdits éléments mobiles 13 sont juxtaposés en appui réciproque et leur déplacement est assuré par une action sur certains des éléments 13 situés près des extrémités du tunnel de cuisson.  Said movable elements 13 are juxtaposed in mutual support and their displacement is ensured by an action on some of the elements 13 located near the ends of the cooking tunnel.
L'installation selon l'invention comporte des dispositifs 14 disposés entre les structures fixes 10 et les éléments mobiles 13 et facilitant le déplacement desdits éléments, désignés par le terme « patins ».  The installation according to the invention comprises devices 14 disposed between the fixed structures 10 and the movable elements 13 and facilitating the movement of said elements, designated by the term "pads".
Des supports de cuisson constitués de barreaux 18 ou de cadres reçoivent les produits à cuire et relient les faces supérieures des éléments mobiles 13 transversalement à leurs axes de déplacement dans le tunnel de cuisson. Cooking supports consisting of bars 18 or frames receive the products to be cooked and connect the upper faces of the elements movable 13 transversely to their axes of movement in the cooking tunnel.
L'invention est encore remarquable en ce que :  The invention is still remarkable in that:
- Les patins 14 sont constitués d'un assemblage de deux à six galets 15 reliés entre eux au niveau de leur axe par un ou plusieurs intercalaires 16 destinés à limiter le déplacement relatif des galets et à éviter ainsi que deux galets 15 adjacents d'un même patin 14 ou de deux patins successifs ne viennent en contact.  - The pads 14 consist of an assembly of two to six rollers 15 interconnected at their axis by one or more spacers 16 intended to limit the relative displacement of the rollers and thus avoid two adjacent rollers 15 of a same pad 14 or two successive pads do not come into contact.
- Les patins 14 sont entraînés en translation par le roulement de certains des galets 15 en contact avec les tronçons 11 de la structure fixe 10 et les éléments mobiles 13.  - The pads 14 are driven in translation by the rolling of some of the rollers 15 in contact with the sections 11 of the fixed structure 10 and the movable elements 13.
- Les galets 15 qui ne sont pas en contact avec les tronçons 11 de la structure fixe 10 ou les éléments mobiles 13 du fait d'irrégularités géométriques sont entraînés provisoirement par les intercalaires 16 les reliant aux galets adjacents.  - The rollers 15 which are not in contact with the sections 11 of the fixed structure 10 or the movable elements 13 due to geometrical irregularities are temporarily driven by the spacers 16 connecting them to the adjacent rollers.
- Les patins 14 se déplacent à une vitesse inférieure à celle des éléments mobiles 13.  - The pads 14 move at a lower speed than the moving elements 13.
- Tous les éléments mobiles 13 portant les charges en déplacement dans le tunnel de cuisson et les patins 14 sont soumis intégralement aux mêmes conditions de température, de pression et d'atmosphère que les produits à cuire.  - All movable elements 13 carrying the moving loads in the cooking tunnel and the pads 14 are subjected in full to the same conditions of temperature, pressure and atmosphere as the products to be cooked.
- Tous les tronçons 11 des structures fixes 10 et leurs supports sont à l'intérieur du tunnel de cuisson et sont soumis aux mêmes conditions de température, de pression et d'atmosphère que la zone du tunnel de cuisson où ils sont fixés.  - All sections 11 of the fixed structures 10 and their supports are inside the cooking tunnel and are subject to the same conditions of temperature, pressure and atmosphere as the zone of the cooking tunnel where they are fixed.
- Aucun dispositif destiné à déplacer les charges à cuire ne traverse les parois fixes du tunnel de cuisson. Lesdites parois peuvent ainsi accueillir les équipements thermiques et aérauliques nécessaires au processus de cuisson comme par exemple, des brûleurs, des ventilateurs brasseurs et des gaines de distribution de fluides.  - No device intended to move the loads to be cooked through the fixed walls of the cooking tunnel. Said walls can thus accommodate the thermal and aeraulic equipment necessary for the cooking process such as, for example, burners, brew fans and fluid distribution ducts.
- La faible masse des éléments mobiles 13 qui supportent les produits à cuire et permet leur déplacement à l'intérieur du tunnel de cuisson permet d'envisager des vitesses de déplacement rapide et donc des cycles de cuisson très courts sans risques de choc thermique sur lesdits éléments et sans pertes thermiques. Selon un mode de réalisation, le profil de tous ou certains galets 15 est adapté aux profils des tronçons 11 de la structure fixe 10 et des éléments mobiles 13 afin d'assurer le guidage longitudinal des éléments mobiles au cours de leur déplacement. - The low mass of the movable elements 13 which support the products to be cooked and allows their movement inside the cooking tunnel makes it possible to consider fast moving speeds and therefore very short cooking cycles without risk of thermal shock on said elements and without thermal losses. According to one embodiment, the profile of all or some rollers 15 is adapted to the profiles of the sections 11 of the fixed structure 10 and the movable elements 13 to provide longitudinal guidance of the movable elements during their movement.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les zones cylindriques des galets 15 recevant la charge des éléments mobiles 13 sont d'un diamètre différent de celles transmettant cette charge aux tronçons 11 de la structure fixe.  According to one embodiment, the cylindrical zones of the rollers 15 receiving the load of the movable elements 13 are of a different diameter from those transmitting this load to the sections 11 of the fixed structure.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation le guidage longitudinal des éléments mobiles 13 sur les tronçons 11 de la structure fixe est assuré par les intercalaires 16 des patins 14.  According to another embodiment, the longitudinal guidance of the movable elements 13 on the sections 11 of the fixed structure is ensured by the inserts 16 of the pads 14.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le profil des éléments mobiles 13 est adapté au profil des structures fixes 10 afin d'assurer le guidage longitudinal des éléments mobiles 13 sur les tronçons 11 de la structure fixe.  According to another embodiment, the profile of the movable elements 13 is adapted to the profile of the fixed structures 10 to provide longitudinal guidance of the movable elements 13 on the sections 11 of the fixed structure.
Le procédé d'acheminement des charges à cuire dans un four selon l'invention comporte les étapes de :  The method for conveying the charges to be fired in an oven according to the invention comprises the steps of:
a) sur une structure fixe 10 longitudinale de support et de guidage, disposer à intervalles des patins 14 aptes à assurer un déplacement,  a) on a fixed longitudinal structure of support and guidance, arrange at intervals pads 14 able to ensure a displacement,
b) sur les patins 14, disposer des éléments mobiles 13 juxtaposés dans le sens longitudinal de déplacement,  b) on the pads 14, have the movable elements 13 juxtaposed in the longitudinal direction of displacement,
c) sur les éléments mobiles 13, placer les supports de cuisson 18 et les charges 4 à cuire,  c) on the movable elements 13, place the cooking supports 18 and the loads 4 to be cooked,
d) à une extrémité du tunnel, appliquer une poussée aux éléments mobiles 13 pour les faire progresser.  d) at one end of the tunnel, apply a thrust to the movable elements 13 to advance them.
De préférence, les éléments mobiles 13 et les patins 14 sont repris à la sortie du tunnel par un dispositif de manutention qui les transfère à l'extérieur du tunnel de cuisson jusqu'à l'entrée pour être de nouveau utilisés.  Preferably, the movable elements 13 and the pads 14 are taken out of the tunnel by a handling device which transfers them outside the cooking tunnel to the entrance to be used again.
Les applications industrielles de l'invention concernent principalement les fours tunnels et intermittents des industries céramiques et métallurgiques et plus généralement, les fours de traitement à hautes températures, à atmosphère contrôlée ou à cycles rapides.  The industrial applications of the invention relate mainly to tunnel and intermittent furnaces in the ceramic and metallurgical industries and, more generally, to high temperature, controlled atmosphere or fast cycle treatment furnaces.
Le mode de déplacement proposé par l'invention permet de s'affranchir des pertes thermiques dues à la présence des supports mobiles de charges tels que les wagons de four et de garantir une étanchéité parfaite de l'enceinte de cuisson. L'utilisation de l'invention permet une réduction des cycles de cuisson et des consommations thermiques dans ces industries et l'amélioration de la qualité des produits par l'homogénéité des conditions de cuisson dans la section du tunnel de cuisson. The mode of displacement proposed by the invention makes it possible to overcome thermal losses due to the presence of mobile load carriers such as oven cars and to ensure perfect sealing of the cooking chamber. The use of the invention allows a reduction of the cooking cycles and the thermal consumptions in these industries and the improvement of the quality of the products by the homogeneity of the cooking conditions in the section of the cooking tunnel.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Four de cuisson à haute température comportant : 1) High temperature baking oven comprising:
- des structures fixes (10) longitudinales de support et de guidage, et longitudinal fixed structures (10) for supporting and guiding, and
- des éléments mobiles (13) déplaçables le long des structures fixes (10) et supportant les charges à cuire (4), mobile elements (13) movable along the fixed structures (10) and supporting the loads to be fired (4),
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de roulement (14) entre les structures fixes (10) et les éléments mobiles (13) pour assurer le déplacement des éléments mobiles le long des structures fixes ; en ce que le déplacement des charges dans le four est assuré sans interaction entre les parois du tunnel de cuisson et les moyens de déplacement des charges dans le four, et en ce que, à l'intérieur du tunnel de cuisson, lesdites structures fixes (10), lesdits éléments mobiles (13) et lesdits moyens de roulement (14) sont soumis aux mêmes conditions de température et d'atmosphère que la zone du tunnel de cuisson où ils sont situés.  characterized in that it comprises rolling means (14) between the fixed structures (10) and the movable elements (13) for moving the movable elements along the fixed structures; in that the displacement of the charges in the furnace is ensured without interaction between the walls of the cooking tunnel and the means for moving the charges in the oven, and in that, within the cooking tunnel, said fixed structures ( 10), said movable elements (13) and said rolling means (14) are subjected to the same temperature and atmosphere conditions as the zone of the cooking tunnel where they are located.
2) Four de cuisson à haute température selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les structures fixes (10) traversent le tunnel de cuisson d'une extrémité à l'autre et comportent des tronçons (11) disposés bout à bout, chaque tronçon (11) étant maintenu en position par une ou plusieurs pièces supports (12) prenant appui sur une ou plusieurs des parois fixes du tunnel de cuisson.  2) high temperature baking oven according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed structures (10) pass through the cooking tunnel from one end to the other and comprise sections (11) arranged end to end, each section (11) being held in position by one or more support parts (12) bearing on one or more of the fixed walls of the cooking tunnel.
3) Four de cuisson à haute température selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les éléments mobiles (13) sont juxtaposés en appui réciproque et leur déplacement est assuré par l'action sur certains des éléments (13) situés près des extrémités du tunnel de cuisson.  3) high temperature baking oven according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable elements (13) are juxtaposed in mutual support and their displacement is ensured by the action on some of the elements (13) located near the ends of the tunnel Cooking.
4) Four de cuisson à haute température selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les moyens de roulement dits patins (14) sont constitués d'un assemblage de deux à six galets (15) à au moins une zone cylindrique, reliés entre eux au niveau de leur axe par un ou plusieurs intercalaires (16) destinés à limiter le déplacement relatif des galets (15) et à éviter ainsi que deux galets adjacents d'un même patin ou de deux patins successifs ne viennent en contact. 5) Four de cuisson à haute température selon les revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que le profil des galets (15) est adapté aux profils des tronçons (11) des structures fixes (10) et des éléments mobiles (13) afin d'assurer le guidage longitudinal des éléments mobiles (13) au cours de leur déplacement. 4) High temperature baking oven according to claim 1 characterized in that the rolling means said pads (14) consist of an assembly of two to six rollers (15) to at least one cylindrical zone, connected to each other level of their axis by one or more spacers (16) for limiting the relative displacement of the rollers (15) and to avoid that two adjacent rollers of the same pad or two successive pads do not come into contact. 5) high temperature baking oven according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the profile of the rollers (15) is adapted to the profiles of the sections (11) of the fixed structures (10) and the movable elements (13) in order to provide longitudinal guidance of the movable elements (13) during their movement.
6) Four de cuisson à haute température selon les revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que le profil des éléments mobiles (13) est adapté au profil des tronçons des structures fixes afin d'assurer le guidage longitudinal des éléments mobiles (13) sur les structures fixes.  6) High temperature baking oven according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the profile of the movable elements (13) is adapted to the profile of the sections of the fixed structures to ensure the longitudinal guidance of the movable elements (13) on the fixed structures.
7) Four de cuisson à haute température selon les revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce que les zones cylindriques des galets (15) recevant la charge des éléments mobiles (13) sont d'un diamètre différent de celles transmettant cette charge aux tronçons (11) des structures fixes (10).  7) high temperature baking oven according to claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the cylindrical areas of the rollers (15) receiving the load of the movable elements (13) are of a different diameter from those transmitting this load to the sections (11). ) fixed structures (10).
8) Four de cuisson à haute température selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les patins (14) se déplacent à une vitesse inférieure à celle des éléments mobiles (13).  8) high temperature baking oven according to claim 7, characterized in that the pads (14) move at a lower speed than the movable elements (13).
9) Procédé d'acheminement des charges à cuire dans un four de cuisson à haute température caractérisé par les étapes de :  9) Process for conveying the charges to be fired in a high temperature baking oven characterized by the steps of:
- sur des structures fixes longitudinales de support et de guidage, disposer à intervalles des patins aptes à assurer un déplacement,  on longitudinal fixed support and guide structures, to arrange, at intervals, pads that are capable of moving,
- sur les patins, disposer des éléments mobiles juxtaposés dans le sens longitudinal de déplacement,  - on the runners, arrange moving elements juxtaposed in the longitudinal direction of movement,
- sur les éléments mobiles, placer les supports de cuisson et les charges à cuire,  - on moving parts, place the baking trays and the loads to be cooked,
- aux extrémités du tunnel, appliquer une poussée aux éléments mobiles pour les faire progresser.  - at the ends of the tunnel, apply a push to the moving elements to make them progress.
10) Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les éléments mobiles et les patins sont repris à la sortie du tunnel par un dispositif de manutention qui les transfère à l'extérieur du tunnel de cuisson jusqu'à l'entrée pour être de nouveau utilisés.  10) A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the movable elements and the pads are taken out of the tunnel by a handling device which transfers them outside the cooking tunnel to the entrance to be of new used.
EP13767034.5A 2012-09-21 2013-09-03 High temperature baking furnace Active EP2898275B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1258857A FR2995987B1 (en) 2012-09-21 2012-09-21 HIGH TEMPERATURE COOKING OVEN
PCT/FR2013/052018 WO2014044944A1 (en) 2012-09-21 2013-09-03 High temperature baking furnace

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2898275A1 true EP2898275A1 (en) 2015-07-29
EP2898275B1 EP2898275B1 (en) 2019-05-01

Family

ID=47425037

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13767034.5A Active EP2898275B1 (en) 2012-09-21 2013-09-03 High temperature baking furnace

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20150241124A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2898275B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2995987B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014044944A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1342041A (en) * 1919-09-20 1920-06-01 Richard C Drinker Furnace floor-bar
US1330223A (en) * 1919-11-04 1920-02-10 Morton A Turtle Means for returning surplus balls in metal-heating furnaces
US1409118A (en) * 1921-04-19 1922-03-07 American Steel Company Annealing-pot carriage
US1641186A (en) * 1926-04-22 1927-09-06 American Dressler Tunnel Kilns Kiln car
US3630439A (en) * 1970-02-13 1971-12-28 Cook & Assoc Inc F W Track construction for dry kiln
DE2016537A1 (en) * 1970-04-07 1971-10-28 Keller Ofenbau Gmbh Firing kiln material handling system protec-tion
DE2354463C3 (en) * 1973-10-31 1981-06-04 Griese, Klaus P., 3002 Wedemark Device for loading kilns or drying ovens
US4013403A (en) * 1975-12-08 1977-03-22 Pullman Incorporated Support means for a roller hearth in a kiln
NL7801629A (en) * 1977-06-10 1978-12-12 Keller Ofenbau Gmbh TUNNEL OVEN FOR BURNING CERAMIC MATERIAL.
FR2409475A1 (en) * 1977-11-22 1979-06-15 Chronberg Sten METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ENSURING THE DISPLACEMENT IN TUNNEL OVENS OF COOKING PLATES THROUGH THE OVEN
US5112223A (en) * 1991-03-04 1992-05-12 Dal-Tile Corporation Hollow load-bearing universal kiln car refractory modules
GB9601483D0 (en) * 1996-01-25 1996-03-27 Groom Bryan Ltd Kiln assembly
US6383104B1 (en) * 2000-02-10 2002-05-07 General Electric Company Parts carrier with intergral rollers

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2014044944A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2995987A1 (en) 2014-03-28
EP2898275B1 (en) 2019-05-01
US20150241124A1 (en) 2015-08-27
FR2995987B1 (en) 2019-05-10
WO2014044944A1 (en) 2014-03-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1780487B1 (en) Continuous sintering furnace and use thereof
EP2898275B1 (en) High temperature baking furnace
KR101563964B1 (en) Continuous firing furnace
FR2520100A1 (en) PUSH FACTOR WITH LIFTING MECHANISM IN THE MAINTENANCE AREA
EP2850376B1 (en) Grate carriage for receiving bulk material
US4300881A (en) Truck or the like for conveying ceramic articles through a kiln
EP1880157B1 (en) Cooled roller for handling steel products
US1802235A (en) Means for supporting china and earthenware during the firing process in the tunnel oven or kiln
EP0148804B1 (en) Oven with beams for the continuous or intermittent fast heating of ceramic articles
US3338569A (en) Conveying mechanism for a tunnel kiln
JP3148439B2 (en) Beam kiln
RU2347167C2 (en) Clayware kiln
JP3148438B2 (en) Beam kiln
FR3139189A1 (en) WAGON FOR TRANSPORTING PRODUCTS IN OVENS
JP3108204B2 (en) Beam kiln
FR2461910A1 (en) HEATING FURNACE FOR METALLURGICAL PRODUCTS
GB2063801A (en) A truck or the like for conveying ceramic articles through a kiln
JP4378549B2 (en) Firing equipment
JP3148440B2 (en) Beam kiln
US1028043A (en) Circular kiln or oven.
FR2543279A1 (en) OVEN FOR COOKING HEAVY CERAMICS
ITGE20000095A1 (en) UNLOADING AUGER FOR MOBILE SOLES.
SU926485A1 (en) Travelling furnace
JP3310429B2 (en) Beam kiln
JPH06235588A (en) Beam kiln

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20150225

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20180416

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R079

Ref document number: 602013054681

Country of ref document: DE

Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: F27B0009220000

Ipc: F27B0009260000

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: F27D 3/00 20060101ALI20181002BHEP

Ipc: F27B 9/26 20060101AFI20181002BHEP

Ipc: F27B 9/38 20060101ALI20181002BHEP

Ipc: F27B 9/22 20060101ALI20181002BHEP

Ipc: F27B 9/24 20060101ALI20181002BHEP

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20181120

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1127501

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20190515

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602013054681

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20190501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190901

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190801

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190802

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190801

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 1127501

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20190501

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190901

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602013054681

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20200204

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190903

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190930

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190930

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190903

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20130903

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20230920

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230928

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230920

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20230920

Year of fee payment: 11