EP2895657A1

EP2895657A1 - Anchor system

Info

Publication number: EP2895657A1
Application number: EP13759761.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Lionel BERTHET; Denis Huber
Original assignee: GARELLI TECHNOLOGIES
Current assignee: GARELLI TECHNOLOGIES
Priority date: 2012-09-13
Filing date: 2013-09-11
Publication date: 2015-07-22
Also published as: WO2014041018A1; FR2995328B1; FR2995328A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system comprising an anchor device intended to stabilize a structure and a through-bolt comprising an anchor bar (9) and an anchor head (10), the anchor device comprises an anchor plate (2) with a first face on the opposite side to a second face, the second face being configured to press against the structure (1) that is to be anchored, and a cavity having a bottom (6) provided with a through-hole (7), the cavity is intended to at least partially house the anchor bar (9), extending from the cavity through the through-hole (7) and the anchor head (10) collaborating with the anchor bar (9), characterized in that the cavity extends beyond the second face (4) so that the bottom (6) of the cavity against which the anchor head (10) is intended to press is positioned beyond the thickness of the anchor plate (2). The system according to the invention finds an application in stabilizing a structure by combining the weight of the surrounding ground. The anchor system according to the invention can be used for various structures such as the walls of ditches, dams, underground structures, and retaining walls.

Description

ANCHORING SYSTEM

The present invention relates to an anchoring system, comprising an anchoring device and a tie rod, intended to ensure the stability of a structure by anchoring it in the surrounding terrain.

The system according to the invention will find its application to stabilize a structure by associating the weight of the surrounding grounds.

The anchoring system according to the invention can be used for various structures such as excavation walls: the devices are put in place as and when excavation and ensure the stability of the walls under the load of the neighboring land, the anchoring is made substantially horizontal or inclined in the ground, or dams: the anchoring is done substantially vertically in the ground, or of the underground structures: pinning of the rock of vaults and walls of structures such as underground power stations , galleries, tunnels and various undergrounds, or for the anchoring of structures of great heights subjected to the force of the wind (towers, chimneys, pylons), anchoring of suspended cable cranes, abutments of bridges, works presenting large overhangs (aviation hangars, stadium stands ...) or for retaining walls: the retaining walls along the mountainside roads often need to be anchored; st also possible to pin on their backsides steep slopes that tend to slide or fall.

Anchoring systems, also known as anchors, have been used for a long time in constructions, especially in public works. This system is a stretched tie used to anchor a work to which it is attached to a loose or rocky ground. An anchoring of a structure is understood to mean all the construction arrangements that contribute to the stability of the structure by transmitting traction forces to the ground. The structures of consolidation of slopes and rock faces are also considered as work.

These systems may be of the type temporary anchor used only the construction time of the structure or definitive anchor for the entire life of the structure.

Among these two types, there are pretensioned anchors, they are tie rods for which, once the tensioning is carried out, the variations of the prestressing forces under the effect of the external actions are relatively small and are between precise limits.

Known anchoring systems comprise an armature for example in the form of bar sealed in the ground. The reinforcement ends at the level of the structure by an anchor head resting on a bearing surface reported between the structure and the anchor head. The anchor head then protrudes from the bearing surface and thus from the structure. The portion of the anchor protruding from the structure can be troublesome in many ways, aesthetic or safety, the overflowing portions can be offensive for people or animals.

The Japanese document JP201 1 -149239 proposes an anchoring system whose support surface arranged between the anchor head and the structure is thickened and widened to accommodate the anchor head. However, this device is not satisfactory in terms of recovery of tensile forces of the frame, nor from an aesthetic point of view the bearing surface being more bulky, it is necessary to camouflage it in said structure requiring the anchor.

There is therefore the need to provide an anchoring system whose transmission of tensile forces, compression and shear between the structure and the anchoring device is improved while being more easily integrated with the structure to stabilize.

For this purpose, the present invention relates to an anchoring system comprising an anchor plate provided with a cavity extending beyond the thickness of the plate so that the anchor head is arranged in the cavity. extending beyond the thickness of the plate. With the invention, the anchor plate serves as a surface for taking up the pulling forces of the tie rod on the structure and the cavity acts as a bearing surface between the anchor head and the structure. The recovery of the tensile forces of the anchor head on the anchor plate is particularly effective, the effort is direct.

The system also has the advantage of better distributing the punching efforts to be distributed in the structure and efforts are then raised to the upper surface of the structure which allows to mobilize the entire thickness of the structure, there is a cone of diffusion of efforts.

In addition, the anchor plate must not be thicker than the bearing surfaces of the prior art. The anchor plate is not very visible and the anchor head is completely invisible by being placed in the cavity.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description which presents a preferred but non-limiting embodiment.

It should be recalled that the present invention relates to a system comprising an anchoring device for stabilizing a structure and a tie comprising an anchor bar and an anchor head, the anchoring device comprises an anchor plate with a first face opposite a second face, the second face being configured to bear on the work to be anchored, and a cavity having a bottom provided with a through opening, the cavity is intended to receive at least partially the bar of anchoring extending from the cavity through the through opening and the anchor head cooperating with the anchor bar, characterized in that the cavity extends beyond the second face so that the bottom of the cavity on which the anchor head is intended to be supported is arranged beyond the thickness of the anchor plate.

Thus the first face of the plate and the bottom of the cavity are arranged on either side of the second face, the latter preferably extending in a plane.

According to preferred but nonlimiting variants that may be cumulative or alternative, the anchoring device is such that:

the cavity is of tubular form;

the longitudinal axis of the cavity is configured to form an angle between

40 ° and 90 ° with the plane of the second face;

the system device comprises lateral reinforcements arranged between the cavity and the second face;

- The cavity is formed by a bucket arranged on the second side at the through opening formed in the plate;

- The bucket is fixed to the plate by welding on the second face; - The bucket is fixed to the plate by welding on the first face;

the plate has a thickness of 15 to 30 mm;

the cavity has a total depth of 150 to 200 mm;

- The anchoring device comprises a cap sealing the cavity arranged substantially in the thickness of the plate.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to an anchoring device intended to stabilize a structure comprising an anchor plate with a first face opposite to a second face, the second face being configured to bear against the structure to be anchored. , and a cavity having a bottom provided with a through opening, the cavity is intended to receive at least partially a tie comprising an anchor bar and an anchor head, the anchor bar is adapted to extend from the cavity through the through opening and the anchor head cooperating with the anchor bar, characterized in that the cavity extends beyond the second face so that the bottom of the cavity on which the anchor head is intended to be supported is arranged beyond the thickness of the anchor plate.

The attached figures are given by way of examples and are not limiting of the invention. They represent only one embodiment of the invention and will make it easy to understand.

Figure 1 is a sectional view of an anchoring system according to the invention set up on a structure.

Figure 2 is a detail sectional view of the anchoring system according to the invention.

Figures 3 and 4 are perspective views of the anchor plate of the anchoring device according to the invention. Figure 3 is a view of the second face of the anchor plate intended to be supported on the structure with the cavity and the protruding reinforcements. Figure 4 is a view of the first face of the anchor plate with the through hole of the cavity closed by a cap.

The anchoring system according to the invention serves to stabilize a structure 1. The book

1 here comprises a facing 15 placed on a ground 16.

The anchoring device comprises an anchor plate 2 having a first face 3 and a second opposite face 4. Both sides 3 and 4 of the plate

2 are substantially parallel to each other. The second face 4 is configured to be applied at least partially on the structure 1 to stabilize, here, the facing 15. Preferably on the upper surface of the structure 1, that is to say the outer surface.

According to one possibility, the first face 3 is substantially parallel to the surface of the facing 15. The anchor plate 2 according to the invention is made of metallic material such as: Fe240 or Fe360 or 316L stainless steel or galvanized steel or any other material for passing the associated forces. The thickness of the anchoring plate 2 is advantageously between 15 and 30mm. The anchor plate 2 may be of parallelepipedal or circular shape. The anchor plate 2 has variable length and width dimensions depending on the type of structure and the forces involved. For example, an anchor plate 2 has a width and a length of between 20 and 80 mm. cm.

The anchoring plate 2 according to the invention comprises a cavity advantageously projecting beyond the second face 4. By cavity is meant a reservation formed in the anchoring plate 2. The cavity forms a protuberance on the second face 4 The cavity is intended to be arranged in the thickness of the structure 1 more precisely in the facing 15. The facing 15 is configured to receive the anchor plate 2 provided with its cavity. The cavity opens on the first face 3 through a through hole 8. The cavity comprises a bottom 6 provided with a through opening 7. The cavity is intended to receive at least partially a tie rod. The cavity and more specifically its bottom 6 is in contact with the work 1, more precisely the facing 15.

A tie is a construction element whose function is to transmit forces on the ground. The tie rod comprises an anchor bar 9 and an anchor head 10.

The anchor bar 9 may also be a cable. This anchor bar 9 extends from the anchor plate 2 into the surrounding terrain 16. It is the anchor bar which links the structure, through the anchor plate 2, to the surrounding terrain 16. The anchor bar 9 is of variable length depending on the structure 1 to be stabilized, the nature of the terrain 16 and the type of anchoring device desired. For example, the total length of the anchor bar 9 is 2 to 20m for a section between 20 and 50 mm. The anchor bar 9 passes through the anchor plate 2 through the through hole 8 of the cavity.

The anchor bar 9 comprises a sealed portion 18 in the ground 16. For example, a bore may be previously formed in the ground 16 to receive the anchor bar 9. A sealing grout 17 is injected around the bar Anchoring 9. A portion 19 of the anchor bar 9 is held in the cavity by the anchoring head 10. Between the two portions 18 and 19 of the anchoring bar 9, there may remain a free portion 20 which ensures a tightening of the anchoring device and a revision of the tightening over time. The anchoring head 10 is intended to be arranged in the cavity. The anchoring head 10 is configured to bear on the bottom 6 of the cavity which forms a bearing surface 1 1. The anchoring head 10 cooperates with the anchor bar 9. Preferably, the bar of anchorage 9 comprises at least one threaded portion intended to cooperate with the anchoring head 10 comprising a complementary internal threading. The anchoring head 10 transmits the tensile forces of the anchor bar 9 to the structure 1 to be anchored by the anchor. intermediate anchor plate 2. It is important that the contact between the anchor head 10 and the bottom 6 of the cavity is good. The anchoring head 10 is of the type of a bolt that can be tightened to put in traction the anchor bar 9. The anchoring head 9 is introduced into the cavity through the through hole 8 of the first face 3. According to the invention, the anchoring head 10, and preferably also the anchor bar 9, are held in the cavity. The tie does not protrude beyond the first face 3 of the anchor plate 2. In addition, the bottom 6 of the cavity is outside the thickness of the anchor plate 2, so the surface of the 1 1 support with the anchoring head 10 is beyond the second side 4. This allows to keep an anchor plate 2 of limited thickness. This limited thickness of the anchoring plate 2 allows a satisfactory resistance while being easily integrated in the work 1. The anchoring system does not form dangerous or unsightly relief on the surface of the structure 1 and even the anchor plate 2 can be embedded in the structure 1 as illustrated in FIG.

The cavity may take various forms, of circular or parallelepipedal section or other. Advantageously, the cavity has the shape of a hollow tube of circular section. The longitudinal axis of the cavity passing through the center of the through opening 7 and through hole 8 forms an angle with the plane of the anchor plate 2 between 45 ° and 90 °.

The cavity can be either unitarily formed with the anchor plate 2, or be a secured element. This case is that illustrated in the figures, the cavity is formed by a bucket 5 attached to the anchor plate 2 more precisely at the through opening 7. The bucket 5 is a protuberance on the second side 4. The bucket 5 is welded to the anchor plate 2. Advantageously, the weld points are on the outer walls of the bucket 5 with the first face 3 and with the second face 4. It can be provided as illustrated that the bottom 6 of the bucket 5 be reported. In this case, the bottom 6 is secured to the side walls of the bucket 5 by welding. The welding points 21 are on the inner walls of the bucket on both sides of the bottom 6. The cavity has for example a total depth of 15 to 20 cm and 10 to 15 cm for the large dimension of the section.

The cavity or the bucket 5 can be reinforced by lateral reinforcements 12. This is particularly useful when the cavity is an element attached to the anchoring plate 2. These reinforcements are positioned between the outer walls of the bucket 5 and the second face 4 of the anchor plate 2. The reinforcements 12 may take the form of gusset. The reinforcements 12 are preferably welded to the face 3 of the anchor plate 2 and to the outer face of the bucket 5.

The cavity may be closed by a cap 13 attached to the through opening 7. Preferably, the cap 13 is arranged in the thickness of the anchor plate 2.

For the implementation of the system according to the invention, an assembly method advantageously comprises the following steps:

positioning of an anchor bar 9 in the work 1, a borehole 14 may have been preformed if the anchor bar 9 is not self-drilling, setting up a grout 17 around the bar anchoring 9, preferably at the level of the ground 16 so as to secure the anchoring bar 9 to the ground 16,

preferably once the sealing grout has been taken, positioning of the anchoring plate 2 on the structure 1, preferably the second face 4 resting on the structure, advantageously the free end of the anchor bar 9 protruding from the grout sealing member 17 is introduced into the cavity through the through opening 7 of the anchoring plate 2, the cavity is positioned in the structure 1 preferably at the level of the facing 15, - the anchoring head 10 is introduced into the cavity through the through hole 8 of the anchor plate 2,

preferably, the anchoring head 10 is clamped on the anchor bar 9 so as to pull the tie rod and the anchor plate 2. REFERENCES

1. work

2. anchor plate

3. first face

4. second face

5. bucket

6. bottom

7. through opening

8. through hole

9. anchor bar

10. anchor head

1 1. bearing surface

12. reinforcement

13. cap

14. drilling

15. siding

16. ground

17. grouting

18. sealed portion

19. portion held in the cavity

20. free portion

21. welding points

Claims

1. System comprising an anchoring device for stabilizing a structure (1) and a tie rod comprising an anchor bar (9) and an anchoring head (10), the anchoring device comprises an anchor plate (2) ) with a first face opposite a second face, the second face being configured to bear on the work (1) to be anchored, and a cavity having a bottom (6) provided with a through opening (7), the cavity is intended to at least partially receive the anchor bar (9) extending from the cavity through the through opening (7) and the anchor head (10) cooperating with the anchor bar (9). ), characterized in that the cavity extends beyond the second face (4) so that the bottom (6) of the cavity on which the anchoring head (10) is intended to bear is arranged beyond the thickness of the anchor plate (2).

2. System according to claim 1 wherein the cavity is of tubular form.

3. System according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the longitudinal axis of the cavity is configured to form an angle between 40 ° and 90 ° with the plane of the second face (4).

4. System according to any one of the preceding claims comprising lateral reinforcements arranged between the cavity and the second face (4).

5. System according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the cavity is formed by a cup (5) arranged on the second face (4) at the through opening (7) formed in the plate (2).

6. System according to the preceding claim wherein the bucket (5) is fixed to the plate (2) by welding on the second face (4).

7. System according to any one of the two preceding claims wherein the cup (5) is fixed to the plate (2) by welding on the first face (2).

8. System according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the plate (2) has a thickness of 15 to 30 mm.

9. System according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the cavity has a total depth of 150 to 200 mm.

10. System according to any one of the preceding claims comprising a cap (13) closing the cavity arranged substantially in the thickness of the plate (2).