EP2888530A1 - Method for regulating a heating device, and heating device - Google Patents

Method for regulating a heating device, and heating device

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Publication number
EP2888530A1
EP2888530A1 EP13753841.9A EP13753841A EP2888530A1 EP 2888530 A1 EP2888530 A1 EP 2888530A1 EP 13753841 A EP13753841 A EP 13753841A EP 2888530 A1 EP2888530 A1 EP 2888530A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
determined
heating device
coefficient
power
pressure
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Granted
Application number
EP13753841.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2888530B1 (en
Inventor
Gerardo Rocha
Ricardo Jorge de Sousa Vieira
Mauro Simoes
Marco Marques
Luis Monteiro
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/08—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems
    • F23N3/082—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F23N2225/06—Measuring pressure for determining flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/04—Heating water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
    • F23N2900/05181—Controlling air to fuel ratio by using a single differential pressure detector

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a heating device for carrying out the method.
  • Such heaters are used to heat a heating medium, heating water is usually used.
  • the heating device in this case has a combustion chamber in which a fuel, such as a gas, is burned. In this case, combustion air is supplied via a blower. The heat released is transferred to the heating medium in a heat exchanger.
  • a correct ratio of the volume of combustion air supplied and the amount of fuel supplied is essential. If too little air is supplied, the fuel can not burn completely. This results in high pollutant emissions, in particular of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon. If too much air is supplied, the combustion is cooled, which also leads to increased pollutant emissions.
  • the blower generally has an impeller whose speed influences a volume flow of the combustion air, ie the volume per unit time. The volume flow can be monitored.
  • DE 19 945 562 A1 describes a method for monitoring and / or regulating a vehicle heating device, wherein a rotational speed of a fan for controlling a volume flow of a combustion air is regulated.
  • combustion in the combustion chamber is monitored by a pressure or sound pressure sensor.
  • DE 10 2005 01 1 021 A1 describes a method for adapting the device heating power of a fan-assisted heater to the individual pressure losses of a fresh-air exhaust gas line system, wherein a fan speed and a fan power are detected. If the ratio of the fan speed to the measured fan power is not within a predefinable range, an error message is output.
  • the invention has for its object to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to allow control of the heater with little effort.
  • a static pressure and / or a power consumption of the fan are determined, wherein a volume flow of the combustion air is determined based on the rotational speed in conjunction with the static pressure and / or the power consumption.
  • a speed detection is usually provided anyway with variable controllable blowers.
  • only one sensor for detecting the static pressure and / or the power consumption of the fan must be provided. This can be realized with very little effort. In this case, such sensors are available as a mass-produced very cost.
  • reference values for a pressure coefficient and / or a power coefficient as a function of a volumetric flow coefficient at a Reference fan determined are taken into account in the determination of the flow rate.
  • the pressure coefficient H is dependent on the gravitational acceleration g, the rotational speed N, the diameter D of the impeller and the static pressure h and is calculated according to the following formula:
  • the pressure coefficient can be determined after measuring the static pressure and the rotational speed.
  • the power coefficient P is dependent on the power consumption W, the density of the combustion air p, the rotational speed N, the diameter D and is calculated according to the following formula:
  • the density of the combustion air can be considered approximately constant. To increase the accuracy of the density can also be detected in addition.
  • the diameter of the impeller is constant.
  • volumetric flow coefficient F which is a quadratic function of the pressure coefficient and of the power coefficient, is dependent on the volumetric flow V, the rotational speed N and the diameter D and is calculated according to the following formula:
  • Power consumption or the calculated static pressure calculated pressure coefficient or coefficient of performance can be determined based on reference values, which were obtained in a geometrically similar fan and deposited, for example in the form of characteristics, the volumetric flow coefficient. From this, the volumetric flow can be determined relatively simply using formula (3) above. The volume flow can therefore be determined with relatively little effort. To increase the volumetric flow coefficient.
  • the volume flow may also be parallel in two ways.
  • the Reynolds number should be sufficiently high and influences of the viscosity should be low. This is usually the case.
  • the power consumption of the fan is determined from the recorded by an electric fan motor electric power, wherein an efficiency is taken into account. It is associated with less effort, the electrical
  • the mechanical power depends on the electrical power and the efficiency, which depends on a load and a motor speed. This efficiency can be determined for example by experiments and then deposited in a controller.
  • the static pressure in the flow direction behind the fan is determined.
  • the current air pressure can then be determined while the static pressure of the combustion air can be determined relatively accurately during operation.
  • the object is also achieved by the heating device for carrying out the method with the features of claim 6.
  • This heating device is used for heating a heating medium, in particular heating water, and has a combustion chamber into which combustion air can be supplied via a blower and fuel via a feed line.
  • the heating device has a rotational speed sensor and a pressure sensor and / or a power sensor. By determining the volume flow of the combustion air, the combustion can then be regulated well. In particular, the volume supplied to combustion air in
  • FIG. 1 shows a heating device of a first embodiment
  • Fig. 2 shows a heater of a second embodiment
  • 3 is a diagram with a power coefficient characteristic and a
  • a heating device is shown schematically, which has a fan 1, a burner, a heat exchanger 3, a discharge channel 4 and a discharge pipe 5.
  • Combustion air is conveyed into a combustion chamber of the heating device via the blower 1.
  • the burner 2 is fuel, such as a gas, promoted. This is not shown.
  • this has a supply interface 1.2.
  • the heat released in the burner is transferred to a heating medium, such as heating water.
  • a volume flow is significantly influenced by a speed of the blower 1.
  • the speed of an impeller is therefore detected by means of a speed sensor 1 .1, which is designed for example as a Hall sensor.
  • a static pressure of the combustion air between blower 1 and burner 2 is determined via a pressure sensor 1 .3.
  • the pressure sensor 1 .3 and the speed sensor 1 .1 are connected to a controller 6, which calculates a volume flow on the basis of the determined values for a speed of the impeller and the static pressure.
  • the controller 6 has a memory in which reference values for a pressure coefficient, a power coefficient and a volumetric flow coefficient are stored in the form of characteristic curves. These reference values have been determined on a reference fan and are applicable to fans with similar geometrical dimensions. The determination of the volume flow can therefore be relatively easy by detecting the speed and the static pressure.
  • FIG. 2 shows a slightly modified embodiment with respect to FIG. 1. The same and corresponding elements are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • a power consumption is measured via a power sensor and made available to the controller 6.
  • a measurement of the electrical power which is supplied to a motor of the blower 1 takes place. Based on this power and the speed then the controller calculates the guided through the fan 1 to the burner 2 and in the combustion chamber volume flow.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram in which a pressure coefficient H is plotted in a first characteristic curve and a power coefficient P is plotted in each case over a volume flow coefficient F in a second characteristic curve. These are characteristic curves that have been determined from reference values.
  • a corresponding manner can be determined by detecting the speed and the power absorbed with the above formula (2), the power coefficient and determine the corresponding volume flow coefficient based on the characteristic in Fig. 3. From this, the volumetric flow can be calculated with the above formula (3).
  • the method according to the invention and the heating device according to the invention thus make it possible to determine the volume flow with little effort. Only two sensors are required, namely a speed sensor and a pressure sensor or a speed sensor and a power sensor. Incidentally, the calculation is based on fixed values and dependencies. Thus, the determination of the volume flow is subject only to a low error rate. A clean, low-emission combustion can be ensured with it.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for regulating a heating device and to a heating device which has a combustion chamber, wherein combustion air is introduced into the combustion chamber by means of a controllable blower. Here, a rotational speed of the blower wheel is detected. A problem addressed by the invention is that of making it possible to determine the volume flow rate of air with little outlay. The method according to the invention is characterized in that a static pressure and/or a power consumption of the blower is determined, wherein a volume flow rate of the combustion air is determined on the basis of the rotational speed in conjunction with the static pressure or the power consumption. For this purpose, the heating device has a rotational speed sensor and a pressure sensor and/or a power sensor.

Description

ΛΛ
1  1
BESCHREIBUNG DESCRIPTION
Verfahren zur Regelung einer Heizeinrichtung und Heizeinrichtung Method for controlling a heating device and heating device
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Regelung einer Heizeinrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 . Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine Heizeinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. The invention relates to a method for controlling a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a heating device for carrying out the method.
Derartige Heizeinrichtungen dienen zur Erwärmung eines Heizmediums, wobei in der Regel Heizwasser eingesetzt wird. Die Heizeinrichtung weist dabei einen Brennraum auf, in dem ein Brennstoff, wie beispielsweise ein Gas, verbrannt wird. Dabei wird Verbrennungsluft über ein Gebläse zugeführt. Die freiwerdende Wärme wird in einem Wärmetauscher an das Heizmedium übertragen. Such heaters are used to heat a heating medium, heating water is usually used. The heating device in this case has a combustion chamber in which a fuel, such as a gas, is burned. In this case, combustion air is supplied via a blower. The heat released is transferred to the heating medium in a heat exchanger.
Für eine saubere Verbrennung ist ein richtiges Verhältnis vom zugeführten Verbrennungsluftvolumen und zugeführter Brennstoffmenge wesentlich. Wird zu wenig Luft zugeführt, kann der Brennstoff nicht vollständig verbrennen. Dadurch ergeben sich hohe Schadstoffemissionen, insbesondere von Kohlenmonoxid und Kohlenwasserstoff. Wird zu viel Luft zugeführt, wird die Verbrennung abgekühlt, was ebenfalls zu erhöhten Schadstoffemissionen führt. For proper combustion, a correct ratio of the volume of combustion air supplied and the amount of fuel supplied is essential. If too little air is supplied, the fuel can not burn completely. This results in high pollutant emissions, in particular of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon. If too much air is supplied, the combustion is cooled, which also leads to increased pollutant emissions.
Üblicherweise erfolgt eine Steuerung der Menge an zugeführter Verbrennungsluft durch die entsprechende Ansteuerung des Gebläses. Das Gebläse weist in der Regel ein Gebläserad auf, dessen Drehzahl einen Volumenstrom der Verbrennungsluft beeinflusst, also das Volumen je Zeiteinheit. Dabei kann der Volumenstrom überwacht werden. Usually, a control of the amount of supplied combustion air by the corresponding control of the blower. The blower generally has an impeller whose speed influences a volume flow of the combustion air, ie the volume per unit time. The volume flow can be monitored.
Es ist bekannt, den Volumenstrom durch Differenzdruckmessung zu ermitteln. Dafür wird beispielsweise in DE 10 159 033 A1 vorgeschlagen, an zwei unterschiedlichen Messstellen einen Druck zu erfassen. Da zwischen den beiden Messstellen aufgrund eines Geschwindigkeitsunterschiedes ein statischer Druck der Verbrennungsluft teilweise in einen dynamischen Druck umgewandelt wird, kann zwischen den Messstellen ein Differenzdruck gemessen werden. Daraus lässt sich in bekannter Weise der Volumenstrom bestimmen. Zusätzlich wird eine Drehzahl eines Gebläserades gemessen und unter Berücksichtigung der Geräteauslegung damit der Volumenstrom bestimmt. Damit wird ein redundantes Kontrollsystem erhalten. Dieses Verfahren benötigt eine spezielle Luftführung und mehrere Messstellen. Es ist daher relativ aufwendig und damit kostenintensiv. Dabei können die Messergebnisse beispielsweise durch Verschmutzungen oder durch Parameteränderungen verfälscht werden. Außerdem besteht das Problem von Drift- und anderen Alterungserscheinungen. It is known to determine the volume flow by differential pressure measurement. For example, it is proposed in DE 10 159 033 A1 to record a pressure at two different measuring points. Since a static pressure of the combustion air is partially converted into a dynamic pressure between the two measuring points due to a difference in speed, a differential pressure can be measured between the measuring points. From this, the volume flow can be determined in a known manner. In addition, a speed of an impeller is measured and, taking into account the design of the device, the volumetric flow is determined. This provides a redundant control system. This method requires a special air duct and several measuring points. It is therefore relatively expensive and therefore expensive. The measurement results can be falsified, for example due to contamination or parameter changes. In addition, there is the problem of drift and other aging phenomena.
In DE 19 945 562 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Überwachung und/oder Regelung eines Fahrzeugheizgerätes beschrieben, wobei eine Drehzahl eines Gebläses zur Steuerung eines Volumenstromes einer Verbrennungsluft geregelt wird. Dabei wird eine Verbrennung im Brennraum durch einen Druck- oder Schalldrucksensor überwacht. DE 19 945 562 A1 describes a method for monitoring and / or regulating a vehicle heating device, wherein a rotational speed of a fan for controlling a volume flow of a combustion air is regulated. In this case, combustion in the combustion chamber is monitored by a pressure or sound pressure sensor.
In DE 10 2005 01 1 021 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Anpassung der Geräteheizleistung eines gebläseunterstützten Heizgeräts an die individuellen Druckverluste eines Frischluft-Abgas- Leitungssystems beschrieben, wobei eine Gebläsedrehzahl und eine Gebläseleistung erfasst wird. Liegt das Verhältnis der Gebläsedrehzahl zur gemessenen Gebläseleistung nicht in einem vorgebbaren Bereich, wird eine Fehlermeldung ausgegeben. DE 10 2005 01 1 021 A1 describes a method for adapting the device heating power of a fan-assisted heater to the individual pressure losses of a fresh-air exhaust gas line system, wherein a fan speed and a fan power are detected. If the ratio of the fan speed to the measured fan power is not within a predefinable range, an error message is output.
Ferner ist es bekannt, einen Massenstrom über Heizdrahtsensoren zu ermitteln. Diese sind jedoch relativ teuer und empfindlich. Dabei treten häufig Drifterscheinungen auf. Furthermore, it is known to determine a mass flow via heating wire sensors. However, these are relatively expensive and sensitive. Drifting often occurs.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu beseitigen und insbesondere eine Regelung der Heizeinrichtung mit geringem Aufwand zu ermöglichen. The invention has for its object to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to allow control of the heater with little effort.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen. This is achieved with the features of claim 1 according to the invention. Advantageous developments can be found in the dependent claims.
Gemäß Anspruch 1 werden ein statischer Druck und/oder eine Leistungsaufnahme des Gebläses ermittelt, wobei ein Volumenstrom der Verbrennungsluft anhand der Drehzahl in Verbindung mit dem statischen Druck und/oder der Leistungsaufnahme bestimmt wird. Eine Drehzahlerfassung ist bei variabel ansteuerbaren Gebläsen in der Regel ohnehin vorgesehen. Zusätzlich muss also nur ein Sensor zur Erfassung des statischen Drucks und/oder der Leistungsaufnahme des Gebläses vorgesehen werden. Dies lässt sich mit sehr wenig Aufwand realisieren. Dabei sind derartige Sensoren als Massenartikel sehr kostengünstig erhältlich. According to claim 1, a static pressure and / or a power consumption of the fan are determined, wherein a volume flow of the combustion air is determined based on the rotational speed in conjunction with the static pressure and / or the power consumption. A speed detection is usually provided anyway with variable controllable blowers. In addition, therefore, only one sensor for detecting the static pressure and / or the power consumption of the fan must be provided. This can be realized with very little effort. In this case, such sensors are available as a mass-produced very cost.
Bevorzugterweise werden Referenzwerte für einen Druckkoeffizienten und/oder einen Leistungskoeffizienten in Abhängigkeit von einem Volumenstromkoeffizienten an einem Referenzgebläse ermittelt, wobei die Referenzwerte bei der Bestimmung des Volumenstromes berücksichtigt werden. Der Druckkoeffizient H ist abhängig von der Erdbeschleunigung g, der Drehzahl N, dem Durchmesser D des Gebläserades sowie dem statischen Druck h und berechnet sich nach folgender Formel: Preferably, reference values for a pressure coefficient and / or a power coefficient as a function of a volumetric flow coefficient at a Reference fan determined, the reference values are taken into account in the determination of the flow rate. The pressure coefficient H is dependent on the gravitational acceleration g, the rotational speed N, the diameter D of the impeller and the static pressure h and is calculated according to the following formula:
Da es sich bei der Erdbeschleunigung g um eine konstante Größe und beim Durchmesser des Gebläserades um eine bekannte, unveränderbare Größe handelt, lässt sich nach Messung des statischen Drucks und der Drehzahl der Druckkoeffizient bestimmen. Since the acceleration due to gravity g is a constant variable and the diameter of the impeller is a known, unchangeable variable, the pressure coefficient can be determined after measuring the static pressure and the rotational speed.
Der Leistungskoeffizient P ist abhängig von der Leistungsaufnahme W, der Dichte der Verbrennungsluft p, der Drehzahl N, dem Durchmesser D und berechnet sich nach folgender Formel: The power coefficient P is dependent on the power consumption W, the density of the combustion air p, the rotational speed N, the diameter D and is calculated according to the following formula:
p _ W  p _ W
~ p x N3 D5 (2) ~ px N 3 D 5 (2)
Die Dichte der Verbrennungsluft kann näherungsweise als konstant angesehen werden. Zur Erhöhung der Genauigkeit kann die Dichte aber auch zusätzlich erfasst werden. Der Durchmesser des Gebläserades ist konstant. Durch Erfassung von Drehzahl und The density of the combustion air can be considered approximately constant. To increase the accuracy of the density can also be detected in addition. The diameter of the impeller is constant. By detecting speed and
Leistungsaufnahme lässt sich der Leistungskoeffizient also einfach berechnen. Power consumption can thus be easily calculated, the power coefficient.
Der Volumenstromkoeffizient F, der eine quadratische Funktion des Druckkoeffizienten und des Leistungskoeffizienten ist, ist abhängig vom Volumenstrom V , der Drehzahl N sowie dem Durchmesser D und berechnet sich nach folgender Formel: The volumetric flow coefficient F, which is a quadratic function of the pressure coefficient and of the power coefficient, is dependent on the volumetric flow V, the rotational speed N and the diameter D and is calculated according to the following formula:
Zu den jeweils auf Grundlage der gemessenen Drehzahl und der gemessenen To each on the basis of the measured speed and the measured
Leistungsaufnahme bzw. des ermittelten statischen Drucks berechneten Druckkoeffizienten oder Leistungskoeffizienten lässt sich anhand von Referenzwerten, die bei einem geometrisch ähnlichen Gebläse gewonnen wurden und beispielsweise in Form von Kennlinien hinterlegt sind, der Volumenstromkoeffizient bestimmen. Daraus lässt sich dann relativ einfach der Volumenstrom anhand obiger Formel (3) bestimmen. Der Volumenstrom kann also mit relativ geringem Aufwand ermittelt werden. Zur Erhöhung der Power consumption or the calculated static pressure calculated pressure coefficient or coefficient of performance can be determined based on reference values, which were obtained in a geometrically similar fan and deposited, for example in the form of characteristics, the volumetric flow coefficient. From this, the volumetric flow can be determined relatively simply using formula (3) above. The volume flow can therefore be determined with relatively little effort. To increase the
Betriebssicherheit kann der Volumenstrom gegebenenfalls auch auf zwei Wegen parallel ermittelt werden, also einmal über die Messung der Leistungsaufnahme und zum anderen über die Erfassung des statischen Drucks. Um den Volumenstrom mit ausreichender Genauigkeit bestimmen zu können, sollte die Reynoldszahl ausreichend hoch sein und Einflüsse der Viskosität sollten gering sein. Dies ist in der Regel aber gegeben. Operational safety, the volume flow may also be parallel in two ways In order to determine the volume flow with sufficient accuracy, the Reynolds number should be sufficiently high and influences of the viscosity should be low. This is usually the case.
Vorzugsweise wird die Leistungsaufnahme des Gebläses aus der von einem elektrischen Gebläsemotor aufgenommenen elektrischen Leistung ermittelt, wobei ein Wirkungsgrad berücksichtig wird. Es ist mit weniger Aufwand verbunden, die elektrische Preferably, the power consumption of the fan is determined from the recorded by an electric fan motor electric power, wherein an efficiency is taken into account. It is associated with less effort, the electrical
Leistungsaufnahme zu erfassen, als eine mechanische Leistung des Gebläserades zu bestimmen. Dabei ist die mechanische Leistung von der elektrischen Leistung und dem Wirkungsgrad abhängig, der von einer Last und einer Motorgeschwindigkeit abhängig ist. Dieser Wirkungsgrad kann beispielsweise durch Versuche ermittelt werden und dann in einer Steuerung hinterlegt sein. Der Zusammenhang zwischen elektrischer To detect power consumption, as to determine a mechanical power of the impeller. The mechanical power depends on the electrical power and the efficiency, which depends on a load and a motor speed. This efficiency can be determined for example by experiments and then deposited in a controller. The connection between electrical
Leistungsaufnahme und mechanischer Leistung stellt sich wie folgt da, wobei ηε denPower consumption and mechanical performance is as follows, where η ε the
Wikrungsgrad bezeichnet, der beispielsweise von der Last und einer Motorgeschwindigkeit abhängig ist.: Degree of efficiency, for example, depending on the load and an engine speed .:
Vorzugsweise wird der statische Druck in Strömungsrichtung hinter dem Gebläse ermittelt. Bei ausgeschaltetem Gebläse kann dann der aktuelle Luftdruck ermittelt werden während im Betrieb der statische Druck der Verbrennungsluft relativ genau bestimmt werden kann. Preferably, the static pressure in the flow direction behind the fan is determined. When the blower is switched off, the current air pressure can then be determined while the static pressure of the combustion air can be determined relatively accurately during operation.
Die Aufgabe wird auch durch die Heizeinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6 gelöst. The object is also achieved by the heating device for carrying out the method with the features of claim 6.
Diese Heizeinrichtung dient zum Erwärmen eines Heizmediums, insbesondere von Heizwasser, und weist einen Brennraum auf, in den über ein Gebläse Verbrennungsluft und über eine Zuleitung Brennstoff zuführbar ist. Dabei weist die Heizeinrichtung einen Drehzahlsensor und einen Drucksensor und/oder einen Leistungssensor auf. Durch Bestimmung des Volumenstroms der Verbrennungsluft lässt sich die Verbrennung dann gut regeln. Insbesondere kann das zugeführte Volumen an Verbrennungsluft in This heating device is used for heating a heating medium, in particular heating water, and has a combustion chamber into which combustion air can be supplied via a blower and fuel via a feed line. In this case, the heating device has a rotational speed sensor and a pressure sensor and / or a power sensor. By determining the volume flow of the combustion air, the combustion can then be regulated well. In particular, the volume supplied to combustion air in
Abhängigkeit von der Menge an zugeführten Brennstoff angepasst werden. Damit wird eine optimale Verbrennung gewährleistet. Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand verschiedener Ausführungsbeispiel in Verbindung mit den Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Hierin zeigen in schematischer Ansicht: Depending on the amount of fuel supplied to be adjusted. This ensures optimal combustion. The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to various embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. Hierin show in a schematic view:
Fig. 1 eine Heizeinrichtung einer ersten Ausführungsform, 1 shows a heating device of a first embodiment,
Fig. 2 eine Heizeinrichtung einer zweiten Ausführungsform und Fig. 2 shows a heater of a second embodiment and
Fig. 3 ein Diagramm mit einer Leistungskoeffizientenkennlinie und einer 3 is a diagram with a power coefficient characteristic and a
Druckkoeffizientenkennlinie.  Pressure coefficient curve.
In Fig. 1 ist eine Heizeinrichtung schematisch dargestellt, die ein Gebläse 1 , einen Brenner, einen Wärmetauscher 3, einen Abzugskanal 4 und ein Abzugsrohr 5 aufweist. Über das Gebläse 1 wird Verbrennungsluft in einen Brennraum der Heizeinrichtung gefördert. In dem Brennraum sind auch der Brenner 2 und der Wärmetauscher 3 angeordnet. Zum Brenner 2 wird Brennstoff, wie beispielsweise ein Gas, gefördert. Dies ist jedoch nicht dargestellt. Zur Energieversorgung des Gebläses 1 weist dieses eine Versorgungsschnittstelle 1.2 auf. In Fig. 1, a heating device is shown schematically, which has a fan 1, a burner, a heat exchanger 3, a discharge channel 4 and a discharge pipe 5. Combustion air is conveyed into a combustion chamber of the heating device via the blower 1. In the combustion chamber and the burner 2 and the heat exchanger 3 are arranged. The burner 2 is fuel, such as a gas, promoted. This is not shown. For supplying energy to the blower 1, this has a supply interface 1.2.
Im Wärmetauscher 3 wird die im Brenner frei werdende Wärme an ein Heizmedium, wie beispielsweise Heizwasser, übertragen. In the heat exchanger 3, the heat released in the burner is transferred to a heating medium, such as heating water.
Für eine saubere und emissionsarme Verbrennung ist es erforderlich, das zugeführte Volumen an Verbrennungsluft auf die zugeführte Menge an Brennstoff abzustimmen. Ein Volumenstrom wird dabei wesentlich durch eine Drehzahl des Gebläses 1 beeinflusst. Die Drehzahl eines Gebläserades wird daher mittels eines Drehzahlsensors 1 .1 erfasst, der beispielsweise als Hall-Sensor ausgebildet ist. Über einen Drucksensor 1 .3 wird ein statischer Druck der Verbrennungsluft zwischen Gebläse 1 und Brenner 2 ermittelt. For a clean and low-emission combustion, it is necessary to match the volume of combustion air supplied to the amount of fuel supplied. A volume flow is significantly influenced by a speed of the blower 1. The speed of an impeller is therefore detected by means of a speed sensor 1 .1, which is designed for example as a Hall sensor. A static pressure of the combustion air between blower 1 and burner 2 is determined via a pressure sensor 1 .3.
Der Drucksensor 1 .3 und der Drehzahlsensor 1 .1 sind mit einer Steuerung 6 verbunden, die anhand der ermittelten Werte für eine Drehzahl des Gebläserades und des statischen Druckes einen Volumenstrom berechnet. Dafür weist die Steuerung 6 einen Speicher auf, in der Referenzwerte für einen Druckkoeffizienten, einen Leistungskoeffizienten und einen Volumenstromkoeffizienten in Form von Kennlinien hinterlegt sind. Diese Referenzwerte sind an einem Referenzgebläse ermittelt worden und sind auf Gebläse mit ähnlichen geometrischen Abmessungen übertragbar. Die Bestimmung des Volumenstromes kann also relativ einfach durch Erfassung der Drehzahl und des statischen Drucks erfolgen. In Fig. 2 ist eine gegenüber Fig. 1 leicht abgewandelte Ausführungsform dargestellt. Gleiche und einander entsprechende Elemente sind dabei mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. The pressure sensor 1 .3 and the speed sensor 1 .1 are connected to a controller 6, which calculates a volume flow on the basis of the determined values for a speed of the impeller and the static pressure. For this purpose, the controller 6 has a memory in which reference values for a pressure coefficient, a power coefficient and a volumetric flow coefficient are stored in the form of characteristic curves. These reference values have been determined on a reference fan and are applicable to fans with similar geometrical dimensions. The determination of the volume flow can therefore be relatively easy by detecting the speed and the static pressure. FIG. 2 shows a slightly modified embodiment with respect to FIG. 1. The same and corresponding elements are provided with the same reference numerals.
Neben der Erfassung der Drehzahl des Gebläserades über den Drehzahlmesser 1 .1 wird bei dieser Ausführungsform eine Leistungsaufnahme über einen Leistungssensor gemessen und der Steuerung 6 zur Verfügung gestellt. Dabei erfolgt eine Messung der elektrischen Leistung, die einem Motor des Gebläses 1 zugeführt wird. Anhand dieser Leistung und der Drehzahl berechnet dann die Steuerung den durch das Gebläse 1 zum Brenner 2 bzw. in den Brennraum geführten Volumenstrom. In addition to the detection of the rotational speed of the impeller via the tachometer 1 .1, in this embodiment a power consumption is measured via a power sensor and made available to the controller 6. In this case, a measurement of the electrical power, which is supplied to a motor of the blower 1 takes place. Based on this power and the speed then the controller calculates the guided through the fan 1 to the burner 2 and in the combustion chamber volume flow.
Fig. 3 ist ein Diagramm, in dem in einer ersten Kennlinie ein Druckkoeffizient H und in einer zweiten Kennlinie ein Leistungskoeffizient P jeweils über einem Volumenstromkoeffizienten F aufgetragen ist. Dabei handelt es sich um Kennlinien, die aus Referenzwerten ermittelt wurden. FIG. 3 is a diagram in which a pressure coefficient H is plotted in a first characteristic curve and a power coefficient P is plotted in each case over a volume flow coefficient F in a second characteristic curve. These are characteristic curves that have been determined from reference values.
Durch Erfassung der Drehzahl und des statischen Druckes ist es mit oben angegebener Formel (1 ) möglich, den Druckkoeffizienten zu bestimmen. Aus der Kennlinie gemäß Fig. 3 lässt sich dann der Volumenstromkoeffizient ablesen und daraus anhand obiger Formel (3) der Volumenstrom berechnen. By detecting the rotational speed and the static pressure, with formula (1) given above, it is possible to determine the pressure coefficient. From the characteristic curve according to FIG. 3, the volumetric flow coefficient can then be read off and the volumetric flow calculated therefrom on the basis of the above formula (3).
In entsprechender Weise lässt sich durch Erfassung der Drehzahl und der aufgenommenen Leistung mit obiger Formel (2) der Leistungskoeffizient ermitteln und anhand der Kennlinie in Fig. 3 der dazugehörige Volumenstromkoeffizient bestimmen. Daraus lässt sich mit obiger Formel (3) der Volumenstrom berechnen. In a corresponding manner can be determined by detecting the speed and the power absorbed with the above formula (2), the power coefficient and determine the corresponding volume flow coefficient based on the characteristic in Fig. 3. From this, the volumetric flow can be calculated with the above formula (3).
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Heizeinrichtung ermöglichen also die Ermittlung des Volumenstroms mit geringem Aufwand. Dabei sind nur zwei Sensoren erforderlich, nämlich ein Drehzahlsensor und ein Drucksensor oder ein Drehzahlsensor und ein Leistungssensor. Im Übrigen erfolgt die Berechnung anhand von fest hinterlegten Werten und Abhängigkeiten. Damit unterliegt die Bestimmung des Volumenstroms nur einer geringen Fehlerhäufigkeit. Eine saubere, emissionsarme Verbrennung kann damit sichergestellt werden. The method according to the invention and the heating device according to the invention thus make it possible to determine the volume flow with little effort. Only two sensors are required, namely a speed sensor and a pressure sensor or a speed sensor and a power sensor. Incidentally, the calculation is based on fixed values and dependencies. Thus, the determination of the volume flow is subject only to a low error rate. A clean, low-emission combustion can be ensured with it.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1 . Verfahren zur Regelung einer Heizeinrichtung, die einen Brennraum aufweist, in die über ein steuerbares Gebläse mit einem Gebläserad Verbrennungsluft eingebracht wird, wobei eine Drehzahl des Gebläserads erfasst wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein statischer Druck und/oder eine Leistungsaufnahme des Gebläses ermittelt wird, wobei ein Volumenstrom der Verbrennungsluft anhand der Drehzahl in Verbindung mit dem statischen Druck und/oder der Leistungsaufnahme bestimmt wird. 1 . Method for controlling a heating device, which has a combustion chamber, in which combustion air is introduced via a controllable fan with an impeller, wherein a rotational speed of the impeller is detected, characterized in that a static pressure and / or a power consumption of the fan is determined, a volume flow of the combustion air is determined on the basis of the rotational speed in conjunction with the static pressure and / or the power consumption.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Referenzwerte für einen Druckkoeffizienten und/oder einen Leistungskoeffizienten in Abhängigkeit von einem Volumenstromkoeffizienten ermittelt werden, wobei die Referenzwerte bei der 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that reference values for a pressure coefficient and / or a power coefficient are determined as a function of a volumetric flow coefficient, wherein the reference values in the
Bestimmung des Volumenstroms berücksichtigt werden.  Determination of the volume flow are taken into account.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Referenzwerte in Form einer Druckkoeffizientenkennlinie und/oder einer Leistungskoeffizientenkennlinie hinterlegt werden. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the reference values in the form of a pressure coefficient characteristic and / or a power coefficient characteristic are stored.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the
Leistungsaufnahme des Gebläses aus der von einem elektrischen Gebläsemotor aufgenommenen elektrischen Leistung ermittelt wird, wobei ein Wirkungsgrad berücksichtig wird.  Power consumption of the fan is determined from the electrical power absorbed by an electric fan motor, wherein an efficiency is taken into account.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the
statische Druck in Strömungsrichtung hinter dem Gebläse ermittelt wird.  static pressure in the flow direction behind the blower is determined.
6. Heizeinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 zum Erwärmen eines Heizmediums, insbesondere von Heizwasser, mit einem 6. Heating device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 5 for heating a heating medium, in particular heating water, with a
Brennraum, in den über ein Gebläse (1 ) Verbrennungsluft und über eine Zuleitung Brennstoff zuführbar ist, wobei die Heizeinrichtung einen Drehzahlsensor (1 .1 ) und einen Drucksensor (1 .3) und/oder einen Leistungssensor (1 .4) aufweist.  Combustion chamber into which combustion air can be supplied via a blower (1) and fuel via a supply line, wherein the heating device has a rotational speed sensor (1 .1) and a pressure sensor (1 .3) and / or a power sensor (1 .4).
EP13753841.9A 2012-08-23 2013-08-19 Method for regulating a heating device, and heating device Active EP2888530B1 (en)

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AU2013305101A1 (en) 2015-04-09
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CN104583679A (en) 2015-04-29
KR20150045440A (en) 2015-04-28
AU2013305101B2 (en) 2017-08-24
WO2014029721A1 (en) 2014-02-27
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CN104583679B (en) 2017-11-17
ES2632942T3 (en) 2017-09-18

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