AU2013305101B2 - Method for regulating a heating device, and heating device - Google Patents

Method for regulating a heating device, and heating device Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2013305101B2
AU2013305101B2 AU2013305101A AU2013305101A AU2013305101B2 AU 2013305101 B2 AU2013305101 B2 AU 2013305101B2 AU 2013305101 A AU2013305101 A AU 2013305101A AU 2013305101 A AU2013305101 A AU 2013305101A AU 2013305101 B2 AU2013305101 B2 AU 2013305101B2
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AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
volume flow
coefficient
blower
power
pressure
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
AU2013305101A
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AU2013305101A1 (en
Inventor
Marco Marques
Luis Monteiro
Gerardo Rocha
Mauro Simoes
Ricardo Jorge de Sousa Vieira
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of AU2013305101A1 publication Critical patent/AU2013305101A1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/08Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems
    • F23N3/082Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems using electronic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00Measuring
    • F23N2225/04Measuring pressure
    • F23N2225/06Measuring pressure for determining flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00Applications
    • F23N2241/04Heating water
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
    • F23N2900/05181Controlling air to fuel ratio by using a single differential pressure detector

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for regulating a heating device and to a heating device which has a combustion chamber, wherein combustion air is introduced into the combustion chamber by means of a controllable blower. Here, a rotational speed of the blower wheel is detected. A problem addressed by the invention is that of making it possible to determine the volume flow rate of air with little outlay. The method according to the invention is characterized in that a static pressure and/or a power consumption of the blower is determined, wherein a volume flow rate of the combustion air is determined on the basis of the rotational speed in conjunction with the static pressure or the power consumption. For this purpose, the heating device has a rotational speed sensor and a pressure sensor and/or a power sensor.

Description

WO 2014/029721
Translation from German PCT/EP2013/067215
Method for Regulating a Heating Device, and Heating Device
The invention relates to a method for regulating a heating device in accordance with the generic part of claim 1. The invention also relates to 5 a heating device for performing the method.
Such heating devices serve to heat a heating-medium, which is generally heating-water. The heating device has a combustion chamber, in which a fuel, for instance a gas, is burnt, and to which air for combustion is supplied by a blower. The heat released is transferred to the heating-io medium; this occurs in a heat exchanger.
For clean combustion, it is essential to achieve a correct air-to-fuel ratio (by volume). If too little combustion air is supplied, the fuel cannot be fully combusted. This will result in the emission of large amounts of noxious substances, particularly carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. If too much is air is added, combustion will be cooled, which will also lead to increased noxious emissions.
Normally, the amount of combustion air supplied is controlled by controlling the blower accordingly. As a rule, the blower has a blower wheel whose rotational speed affects the volume flow rate of the 20 combustion air — i.e. the volume per unit of time, which can be monitored.
It is known that the volume flow rate may be determined by differential pressure measurement. For this, it is proposed, e.g. in DE 10 159 033 A1, that the pressure be detected at two different measuring points. Between 25 the two measuring points, the static pressure of the combustion air is partly converted to dynamic pressure, due to the difference in velocity, and therefore it is possible to measure the difference in pressure between WO 2014/029721 2 PCT/EP2013/067215 the two measuring points. From this, it is possible to determine the volume flow rate, in a manner known in the art. In addition, the blower wheel’s rotational speed is measured; and, taking into account the design of the equipment, this rotational speed is used to determine the volume flow 5 rate. In this way, a redundant control system is obtained.
This method requires special air-conduction and a number of measuring points. It is therefore relatively complex and expensive. In addition, distorted measurements may be obtained, due to soiling or to parameter changes. There is also the problem of drift and other deterioration io phenomena. DE 19 945 562 A1 describes a method for monitoring and/or controlling a motor vehicle heating apparatus, in which the rotational speed of a blower is regulated to control the volume flow rate of combustion air, with combustion in the combustion chamber being monitored by means of a is pressure sensor or a sound pressure sensor. DE 10 2005 011 021 A1 describes a method for adjusting the heating power of a blower-assisted heating device to the particular pressure losses of a fresh-air/exhaust-gas pipeline system, in which blower rotational speed and blower power are detected. If the ratio of the 20 blower’s rotational speed to its measured power is not within a set range, an error message is outputted.
It is also known that a mass flow rate can be determined by means of hotwire sensors. However, these sensors are relatively expensive and temperamental. Drift phenomena often occur with them. 2s The objective of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and, in particular, to enable the heating device to be regulated with little expense.
According to the invention, this is achieved through the characterising features of claim 1. Beneficial further developments are to be found in the 30 dependent claims. WO 2014/029721 3 PCT/EP2013/067215
According to claim 1, the blower’s static pressure and/or power consumption is established, and the volume flow rate of the combustion air is determined on the basis of the rotational speed and the static pressure and/or power consumption. Blowers with variable speed control 5 normally have rotational-speed detection anyway. Therefore, it is only necessary to provide, in addition, a sensor for detecting the blower’s static pressure and/or power consumption. This can be done at very little cost. Such sensors are mass-produced, and are available at very favourable prices. io Preferably, reference values are determined, on a reference blower, for a pressure coefficient and/or a power coefficient, as a function of a volume flow rate coefficient; and the reference values are taken into account for determining the volume flow rate. The pressure coefficient H depends on gravity g, rotational speed N, blower wheel diameter D, and static is pressure h, and is calculated according to the following formula:
QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Since gravity g is a constant, and the diameter of the blower wheel is a known, unchangeable, value, the pressure coefficient can be determined after measuring the static pressure and the rotational speed. 20 The power coefficient P is a function of the power consumption W, the density of the combustion air p, the rotational speed N, and the diameter D, and is calculated according to the following formula:
QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
The density of the combustion air can be regarded as approximately 25 constant; but, for increased accuracy, it can be measured as well. The diameter of the blower wheel is constant. By detecting the rotational WO 2014/029721 4 PCT/EP2013/067215 speed and the power consumption, it is therefore easy to calculate the power coefficient.
The volume flow rate coefficient F is a quadratic function of the pressure coefficient and the power coefficient, and depends on the volume flow rate 5 W, the rotational speed N, and the diameter D; it is calculated according to the following formula:
QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Given the pressure coefficient or the power coefficient (calculated respectively on the basis of the rotational speed measured and the power io consumption measured, or the rotational speed measured and the static pressure detected), it is possible to determine the volume flow rate coefficient, on the basis of reference values obtained with a geometrically similar blower and stored e.g. in the form of characteristic curves. From that, it is then relatively simple to determine the volume flow rate by is means of the above formula (3). The volume flow rate can thus be determined with relatively little cost and effort. To increase operational reliability, the volume flow rate may also be determined by two different methods, performed in parallel, i.e. by measuring the power consumption on the one hand and detecting the static pressure on the other. So as to 20 be able to determine the volume flow rate with sufficient accuracy, the Reynolds number should be sufficiently high, and the influence of viscosity should be low — which is generally the case anyway.
The power consumption of the blower is preferably determined from the electric power consumed by the blower’s electric motor, with efficiency 25 being taken into account. It costs less to detect the electrical power consumption than to determine the mechanical power of the blower wheel. Here, the mechanical power is a function of the electrical power and the efficiency, the latter being a function of load and motor speed. The efficiency can be determined e.g. by tests, and then stored in a controller. 30 The relationship between electric power consumption and mechanical WO 2014/029721 5 PCT/EP2013/067215 power is as follows, where ηθ denotes efficiency, which is e.g. a function of load and motor speed:
QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture.
The static pressure is preferably determined in the flow direction, after the 5 blower. With the blower switched off, the air-pressure at the time can be detected, while the static pressure of the combustion air can be determined relatively accurately during operation.
The objective of the invention is also achieved with the heating device for performing the inventive method, said heating device having the features io of claim 6.
This heating device serves to heat a heating-medium, particularly heating-water, and has a combustion chamber into which combustion-air can be supplied by a blower and fuel can be supplied through a fuel feed line. This heating device has a rotational-speed sensor, and a pressure sensor is and/or a power sensor. By determining the volume flow rate of the combustion air, it is possible to achieve good regulation of combustion. In particular, the volume of combustion air supplied can be adjusted according to the amount of fuel supplied. This ensures optimal combustion. 20 The invention will now be explained in more detail, on the basis of different examples of its embodiment. These are described below, and are illustrated in the schematic drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a first embodiment of the heating device,
Fig. 2 is a second embodiment of the heating device, and 2s Fig. 3 is a graph with a power-coefficient characteristic and a pressure-coefficient characteristic.
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a heating device with a blower 1, a burner 2, a heat exchanger 3, an exhaust channel 4, and an exhaust WO 2014/029721 6 PCT/EP2013/067215 tube 5. The blower 1 blows combustion air into a combustion chamber in the heating device. Also provided in the combustion chamber are the burner 2 and the heat exchanger 3. Fuel, e.g. a gas, is fed to the burner 2. This aspect is not shown, however. The blower 1 has a power supply 5 interface 1.2 for supplying power to the blower 1.
In the heat exchanger 3, the heat released in the burner 2 is transferred to a heating-medium, for instance heating-water.
For clean combustion with low emissions, the volume of combustion air supplied needs to be matched to the amount of fuel supplied. The volume io airflow rate here is largely influenced by the rotational speed of the blower 1. The rotational speed of the blower wheel is therefore detected by means of a rotational-speed sensor 1.1 in the form of e.g. a Hall sensor. The static pressure of the combustion air between the blower 1 and the burner 2 is detected with a pressure sensor 1.3. is The pressure sensor 1.3 and the rotational-speed sensor 1.1 are connected to a controller 6, which calculates the volume flow rate on basis of the values detected for the blower wheel’s rotational speed and the static pressure. For this purpose, the controller 6 has a memory, with reference values for a pressure coefficient, a power coefficient, and a 20 volume flow rate coefficient stored in it in the form of characteristic curves. These reference values have been determined on a reference blower, and are applicable to blowers with similar geometrical dimensions. The volume flow rate can thus be determined relatively easily by detecting the rotational speed and the static pressure. 25 Fig. 2 shows an embodiment that is slightly modified relative to Fig. 1. Elements that are the same or that correspond to one another are given the same reference numbers.
In this embodiment, not only is the rotational speed of the blower wheel detected by the rotation-speed sensor 1.1, but also, power consumption is 30 measured by means of a power sensor, and is made available to the controller 6. This involves measuring the electrical power supplied to the WO 2014/029721 7 PCT/EP2013/067215 motor of the blower 1. On the basis of said power and the rotational speed, the controller then calculates the volume flow delivered, by the blower 1, into combustion chamber and to the burner 2.
Fig. 3 is a graph in which a pressure coefficient H (first characteristic 5 curve) and a power coefficient P (second characteristic curve) are plotted against a volume flow rate coefficient F. These characteristic curves have been determined from reference values.
By detecting the rotational speed and the static pressure, it is possible, using Formula 1 above, to determine the pressure coefficient. Then, from io the characteristic curve in Fig. 3, the volume flow rate coefficient can be read off; and from that, the volume flow rate can be calculated using Formula 3 above.
Similarly, by detecting the rotational speed and the power consumed, it is possible to determine the power coefficient, using Formula 2 above; and is to then determine the corresponding volume flow rate coefficient, using the characteristic curve in Fig. 3, from which the volume flow rate can be calculated using Formula 3 above.
The inventive method and heating device thus make it possible to determine the volume flow rate at little expense. Only two sensors are 20 needed, namely a rotational-speed sensor and a pressure sensor, or a rotational-speed sensor and a power sensor; and calculation is performed using permanently stored values and relations. The error frequency in determining the volume flow rate is low. Clean combustion with low emissions can thus be ensured. 25

Claims (11)

  1. Claims
    1. A method for regulating a heating device that includes a combustion chamber into which combustion air is introduced via a controllable blower having a blower wheel comprising: detecting a rotational speed of the blower wheel; ascertaining at least one of a static pressure of the combustion air and a power consumption of the blower; ascertaining a volume flow coefficient based on: i) the ascertained at least one of the static pressure and the power consumption, and ii) a characteristic curve; and determining a volume flow of the combustion air on the basis of the detected rotational speed and the volume flow coefficient in conjunction with at least one of the static pressure and the power consumption.
  2. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising ascertaining at least one reference value for at least one of a pressure coefficient and a power coefficient as a function of a volume flow rate coefficient, wherein the at least one reference value is taken into account when determining the volume flow determined based on the at least one reference value.
  3. 3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one reference value includes a plurality of reference values, the method further comprising storing the reference values at least one of a pressure coefficient characteristic curve and a power coefficient characteristic curve.
  4. 4. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power consumption of the blower is ascertained from an amount of electric power consumed by an electric blower motor and a degree of efficiency of the electric blower motor being taking into account.
  5. 5. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the static pressure is ascertained downstream from the blower in a flow direction.
  6. 6. A heating unit for carrying out a method for regulating a heating unit that includes a combustion chamber into which combustion air is introduced via a controllable blower having a blower wheel, the method including: detecting a rotational speed of the blower wheel; ascertaining at least one of a static pressure and a power consumption of the blower; determining a volume flow of the combustion air on the basis of the rotational speed in conjunction with at least one of the static pressure and the power consumption, the heating unit being for a heating medium, and comprising: a combustion chamber into which combustion air is fed via a controllable blower having a blower wheel and fuel is fed via a feed line; a rotational speed sensor configured to determine a rotational speed of the blower wheel; at least one of a pressure sensor configured to determine a static pressure of the combustion air and a power sensor configured to determine a power consumption of the blower; and a control unit configured to: ascertain a volume flow coefficient based on: i) the determined at least one of the static pressure and the power consumption, and ii) a characteristic curve; and determine a volume flow of the combustion air on the basis of the determined rotational speed and the volume flow coefficient.
  7. 7. The device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the heating medium includes water.
  8. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the characteristic curve represents a correlation between pressure coefficients and volume flow coefficients, and ascertaining the volume flow coefficient further comprising: calculating a pressure coefficient based on the ascertained static pressure; and determining the volume flow coefficient corresponding to the calculated pressure coefficient from the characteristic curve.
  9. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the characteristic curve represents a correlation between power coefficients and volume flow coefficients, and ascertaining the volume flow coefficient further comprising: calculating a power coefficient based on the ascertained power consumption; and determining the volume flow coefficient corresponding to the calculated power coefficient from the characteristic curve.
  10. 10. The device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the characteristic curve represents a correlation between pressure coefficients and volume flow coefficients, and ascertaining the volume flow coefficient further comprising: calculating a pressure coefficient based on the determined static pressure; and determining the volume flow coefficient corresponding to the calculated pressure coefficient from the characteristic curve.
  11. 11. The device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the characteristic curve represents a correlation between power coefficients and volume flow coefficients, and ascertaining the volume flow coefficient further comprising: calculating a power coefficient based on the determined power consumption; and determining the volume flow coefficient corresponding to the calculated power coefficient from the characteristic curve.
AU2013305101A 2012-08-23 2013-08-19 Method for regulating a heating device, and heating device Ceased AU2013305101B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012016606.0 2012-08-23
DE102012016606.0A DE102012016606A1 (en) 2012-08-23 2012-08-23 Method for controlling a heating device and heating device
PCT/EP2013/067215 WO2014029721A1 (en) 2012-08-23 2013-08-19 Method for regulating a heating device, and heating device

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AU2013305101A1 AU2013305101A1 (en) 2015-04-09
AU2013305101B2 true AU2013305101B2 (en) 2017-08-24

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US (1) US20150233578A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2888530B1 (en)
KR (1) KR102119376B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104583679B (en)
AU (1) AU2013305101B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102012016606A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2632942T3 (en)
PT (1) PT2888530T (en)
WO (1) WO2014029721A1 (en)

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CN104583679A (en) 2015-04-29
KR102119376B1 (en) 2020-06-09
EP2888530A1 (en) 2015-07-01
WO2014029721A1 (en) 2014-02-27
US20150233578A1 (en) 2015-08-20
ES2632942T3 (en) 2017-09-18
KR20150045440A (en) 2015-04-28
AU2013305101A1 (en) 2015-04-09
DE102012016606A1 (en) 2014-02-27
PT2888530T (en) 2017-05-08
EP2888530B1 (en) 2017-04-12
CN104583679B (en) 2017-11-17

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