EP2888052B1 - Grinding method - Google Patents

Grinding method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2888052B1
EP2888052B1 EP13752626.5A EP13752626A EP2888052B1 EP 2888052 B1 EP2888052 B1 EP 2888052B1 EP 13752626 A EP13752626 A EP 13752626A EP 2888052 B1 EP2888052 B1 EP 2888052B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
roller
bed
grinding bed
manipulated variables
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EP13752626.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2888052A2 (en
Inventor
Ralf Haase
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GBF Gesellschaft fur Bemessungsforschung MbH
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GBF Gesellschaft fur Bemessungsforschung MbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
    • B02C15/007—Mills with rollers pressed against a rotary horizontal disc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
    • B02C15/02—Centrifugal pendulum-type mills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
    • B02C15/04—Mills with pressed pendularly-mounted rollers, e.g. spring pressed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/10—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
    • B02C4/02—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for grinding a millbase in a mill with a grinding body, and having at least one roller which rolls on the grinding body under a grinding pressure, wherein the millbase brought in a Mahlgutstrom as a grinding bed between the grinding media and the roll and in the grinding bed of the role is crushed, while grinding a Mahlbett sleep the Mahlbetts between the grinding media and the roller is continuously measured, and the mill is controlled by manipulated variables to a predetermined desired state, wherein the manipulated variables include at least the grinding pressure and the Mahlgutstrom and the target state at least one target value for the Mahlbettiere holds includes.
  • a vertical mill controllable by such a method discloses DE 1 507 579 B .
  • Such vertical mills are used in particular in the cement industry and in coal power plants for grinding brittle grinding stock, for example, raw meal (as a raw material of cement production), cement clinker, limestone in general, coal, clay, gypsum or slag (slag).
  • a vertical mill consists essentially of one or more mills with a rotating grinding table as a common grinding body and a respective roll rolling on this grinding body.
  • the rollers may be geometric balls or cylindrical, tapered or crowned rollers.
  • the wear surfaces of the grinding media and the rollers can be provided with highly wear-resistant pads, for example made of chilled cast iron.
  • the ground material In the operation of such vertical mills the ground material is usually abandoned from the top of the center of the grinding media, moves from there under its own weight and centrifugal forces radially outward and is ground by the rollers.
  • additional water is added to the grinding media.
  • the mechanical condition of the grinding bed during rolling over - its strength and its Mahlbethehehe on the grinding media - determines significantly the effectiveness of the grinding process.
  • the known method monitors the Mahlbett too and fineness and amount of the discharged particles and automatically adjusts to their manipulated variables in deviation from a defined state of the vertical mill for the measured parameters.
  • the aforementioned DE 10 2007 062 820 A1 proposes to regulate the grinding bed height during grinding of coal by means of unspecified fuzzy rules in such a way that a "rumble" of the mill is avoided.
  • the measured and manipulated variables are classifier air flow, temperature, particle size and speed, regrind mass flow (the so-called "mill load"), grinding pressure, grinding bed height, grinding stock grinding properties (eg Hardgrove number) and storage volume as well as NO x emission or the flame pattern one of the mill downstream burner and the pressure difference between the mill inlet and outlet of the flowing through the mill hot drying air including the entrained fine dried pulverized coal particles and the evaporated water from the coal proposed.
  • the invention has for its object to propose a different method for adjusting the variables.
  • a mechanical state of the roll and therefrom a strength of the grinding bed are determined continuously, and the desired state comprises at least one setpoint for the strength of the grinding bed.
  • the known methods are limited to the measurement of the Mahlbettiere, because in addition the effectiveness of the grinding process substantially determining strength of the grinding bed is not directly measurable.
  • the invention is based on the finding that the strength of the grinding bed under a roller correlates with the mechanical state via the equations of motion and can be calculated from this equation.
  • the mechanical condition of the roller - state of motion, forces acting and deformations occurring - can be measured by well-known methods.
  • the inventive method provides for the regulation of the grinding process with the complete mechanical state of the grinding bed a controlled variable available, which is in a much more direct relationship with the manipulated variables of the vertical mill.
  • the automatic adaptation of the manipulated variables is thus only possible.
  • the mechanical condition of the roll comprises a force acting on the roll from the grinding bed and a location and / or angle of rotation of the roll about a rotation axis of the roll.
  • the force and optionally the location is determined at least in the radial direction of the roller.
  • About the Radial components of the force and location of the roll can be the stiffness of the grinding bed perpendicular to the grinding media, determine the tangential component of the force and the angle of rotation in the direction of movement of the grinding bed.
  • the strength of the grinding bed comprises at least one damping of the grinding bed and / or a stiffness of the grinding bed.
  • various components of these parameters of the mechanical condition of the roll may be less relevant in a milling process.
  • the determination of the less relevant components can correspondingly be dispensed with.
  • proportionality constants for determining the manipulated variables from the strength of the grinding bed are first determined on the basis of measured values by means of multidimensional non-linear regression.
  • the calibration of the proportionality constants on the basis of measured values allows in particular the adaptation of the method according to the invention to different vertical mills.
  • the proportionality constants are particularly preferably determined continuously during grinding. Since the proportionality constants should not change in the regular operation of a mill, or only very slowly, their continuous monitoring provides a good insight into the state of wear, in particular of the roll. A sudden change in the proportionality constants can indicate a malfunction in operation and serve as a criterion for an automatic emergency shutdown.
  • water can be brought between the grinding body and the roller with the ground material, wherein the manipulated variables comprise a quantity of the applied water.
  • the ground regrind of substantially vertically flowing air can be conveyed into a classifier and classified there according to criteria at least particle size, density, inertia and floating or stratification behavior, wherein the manipulated variables include a quantity of the flowing air and a classifier speed of the classifier.
  • vertical mill 1 has four mills 2 with a grinding table as a common grinding body 3.
  • the four mills 2 and the grinding media 3 are anchored on a common foundation 4.
  • a base plate 5 of the grinding element 3 is firmly connected to the foundation 4.
  • the grinding body 3 is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis 6 and is driven during operation of the vertical mill 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows in detail a single mill 2 of the vertical mill 1.
  • Each mill 2 has a roller 7 which rotates about a horizontal axis 8 and rolls on the grinding body 3.
  • the roller 7 is engaged by the force F, the roller 7 has a radius R, a mass m and at each point in time a distance x from a zero point (not shown), a speed v and an acceleration a.
  • the constants k and c of the equation of motion correspond to the rigidity and the damping of the grinding bed 9. All variables are vector quantities.
  • Velocity v and the acceleration a in the (idealized) contact point with the grinding bed 9 parts in the tangential direction of the derivatives of the angle ⁇ are included.
  • a raw material for cement production is ground, which consists of about 90 per cent of limestone.
  • Other aggregates are especially marl, coal dust and aluminum, the latter being added even in fine-grained form in the vertical mill.
  • the ground material is heated to about 200 ° C prior to application in order to avoid premature caking.
  • the proportionality constants are determined by multidimensional nonlinear regression, which describe the relationship between the strength of the grinding bed 9 and the manipulated variables of the mills 2.
  • a desired state of the grinding bed 9 is specified, in which the grinding process processes according to the experience of the previous measurement with optimum effectiveness. If the mechanical state of the grinding bed 9, determined from the measured values, deviates from the desired state during operation, a corresponding adaptation of the manipulated variables is determined with the now known mathematical relationship and preset in a control room of the vertical mill 1 which restores the desired state.
  • the angle ⁇ of the force F is an important measure of the energy efficiency of the method.
  • Another type of mill, the method of the invention is also suitable for the control, is the good-bed roller mill (also: “roller press"), in which the roller rolls on a second, equal or with the same peripheral speed rotating role as a grinding body 3.
  • the ground material is essentially fed from above into the gusset between the two rollers, crushed and falls down into the grinding bowl.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Mahlen eines Mahlguts in einer Mühle mit einem Mahlkörper, und mit mindestens einer Rolle, die unter einem Mahldruck auf dem Mahlkörper abrollt, wobei das Mahlgut in einem Mahlgutstrom als Mahlbett zwischen den Mahlkörper und die Rolle gebracht und im Mahlbett von der Rolle zermahlen wird, beim Mahlen kontinuierlich eine Mahlbetthöhe des Mahlbetts zwischen dem Mahlkörper und der Rolle gemessen wird, und die Mühle anhand von Stellgrößen auf einen vorgegebenen Sollzustand geregelt wird, wobei die Stellgrößen mindestens den Mahldruck und den Mahlgutstrom umfassen und der Sollzustand mindestens einen Sollwert für die Mahlbetthöhe umfasst.The invention relates to a method for grinding a millbase in a mill with a grinding body, and having at least one roller which rolls on the grinding body under a grinding pressure, wherein the millbase brought in a Mahlgutstrom as a grinding bed between the grinding media and the roll and in the grinding bed of the role is crushed, while grinding a Mahlbetthöhe the Mahlbetts between the grinding media and the roller is continuously measured, and the mill is controlled by manipulated variables to a predetermined desired state, wherein the manipulated variables include at least the grinding pressure and the Mahlgutstrom and the target state at least one target value for the Mahlbetthöhe includes.

Ein solches Verfahren ist bekannt aus DE 10 2007 062 820 A1 . Ein weiteres Verfahren der vorgenannten Art wird beispielsweise realisiert durch die Steuerungssoftware LMmaster der Loesche GmbH, Düsseldorf.Such a method is known from DE 10 2007 062 820 A1 , Another method of the aforementioned type is realized for example by the control software LMmaster Loesche GmbH, Dusseldorf.

Eine in ein einem solchen Verfahren steuerbare Vertikalmühle offenbart beispielsweise DE 1 507 579 B . Solche Vertikalmühlen dienen insbesondere in der Zementindustrie und in Kohlekraftwerken zum Mahlen von sprödem Mahlgut, beispielsweise Rohmehl (als Vormaterial der Zementherstellung), Zementklinker, Kalkstein allgemein, Kohle, Ton, Gips oder Hüttensand (Schlacke).For example, a vertical mill controllable by such a method discloses DE 1 507 579 B , Such vertical mills are used in particular in the cement industry and in coal power plants for grinding brittle grinding stock, for example, raw meal (as a raw material of cement production), cement clinker, limestone in general, coal, clay, gypsum or slag (slag).

Eine Vertikalmühle besteht im Wesentlichen aus einer oder mehreren Mühlen mit einem rotierenden Mahlteller als gemeinsamen Mahlkörper und je einer auf diesem Mahlkörper abrollenden Rolle. Die Rollen können geometrisch Kugeln oder zylindrische, kegelige oder ballige Walzen sein. Die verschleißenden Oberflächen des Mahlkörpers und der Rollen können mit hoch verschleißfesten Auflagen beispielsweise aus Hartguss versehen sein.A vertical mill consists essentially of one or more mills with a rotating grinding table as a common grinding body and a respective roll rolling on this grinding body. The rollers may be geometric balls or cylindrical, tapered or crowned rollers. The wear surfaces of the grinding media and the rollers can be provided with highly wear-resistant pads, for example made of chilled cast iron.

Im Betrieb solcher Vertikalmühlen wird das Mahlgut in der Regel von oben auf die Mitte des Mahlkörpers aufgegeben, bewegt sich von dort unter seinem Eigengewicht und durch Fliehkräfte radial nach Außen und wird von den Rollen vermahlen. Hierbei bildet sich auf dem Mahlkörper ein Schicht aus teilweise vermahlenem Mahlgut in verschiedenen Körnungen, das sog. "Mahlbett", das sich kontinuierlich zum Rand des Mahlkörpers und darüber hinaus bewegt. Je nach Mahlgut und Anwendungszweck wird zusätzlich Wasser auf den Mahlkörper aufgegeben.In the operation of such vertical mills the ground material is usually abandoned from the top of the center of the grinding media, moves from there under its own weight and centrifugal forces radially outward and is ground by the rollers. Here, a layer of partially ground millbase in various grain sizes, the so-called "grinding bed", which moves continuously to the edge of the grinding element and beyond, is formed on the grinding element. Depending on Regrind and application, additional water is added to the grinding media.

Am Rand des Mahlkörpers fallen Partikel des Mahlguts in die darunter befindliche Mahlschüssel der Vertikalmühle. Je nach Anwendungszweck werden die Partikel aus der Mahlschüssel nach Korngrößen gesiebt, wobei besonders grobe Partikel erneut auf den Mahlkörper geführt werden. Häufig werden zudem mittels eines vertikal aufsteigenden Luftstroms staubförmige Partikel aus dem Mahlbett nach oben in einen oberhalb des Mahlkörpers angeordneten Sichter ausgetragen.At the edge of the grinding medium, particles of the ground material fall into the grinding bowl underneath of the vertical mill. Depending on the application, the particles are sieved from the grinding bowl to grain sizes, with particularly coarse particles are fed back to the grinding media. Frequently, dust-like particles are also discharged from the grinding bed upwards into a sifter arranged above the grinding body by means of a vertically ascending air flow.

Der mechanische Zustand des Mahlbetts beim Überrollen - seine Festigkeit und seine Mahlbetthöhe auf dem Mahlkörper - bestimmt wesentlich die Effektivität des Mahlvorgangs. Das bekannte Verfahren überwacht die Mahlbetthöhe sowie Feinheit und Menge der ausgetragenen Partikel und passt bei Abweichung von einem für die gemessenen Parameter definierten Sollzustand der Vertikalmühle automatisch deren Stellgrößen an.The mechanical condition of the grinding bed during rolling over - its strength and its Mahlbethehehe on the grinding media - determines significantly the effectiveness of the grinding process. The known method monitors the Mahlbetthöhe and fineness and amount of the discharged particles and automatically adjusts to their manipulated variables in deviation from a defined state of the vertical mill for the measured parameters.

Die typischen Stellgrößen einer Vertikalmühle - der Mahlgutstrom und je nach Anwendung ein einstellbarer Mahldruck auf die Rollen, ein Maß des auf den Mahlkörper aufgebrachten Wassers oder des Luftstroms und eine Sichterdrehzahl - sind nur sehr mittelbar und in hohem Maße nichtlinear mit den gemessenen Regelgrößen der Feinheit und der Menge der ausgetragenen Partikel verknüpft. Die richtige Anpassung der Stellgrößen ist daher sehr komplex und auch fehlerträchtig.The typical variables of a vertical mill - the grinding material flow and depending on the application an adjustable grinding pressure on the rollers, a measure of the water applied to the grinding medium or the air flow and a classifier speed - are only very indirect and highly nonlinear with the measured control variables of fineness and linked to the amount of particles discharged. The correct adaptation of the manipulated variables is therefore very complex and error prone.

Die eingangs genannte DE 10 2007 062 820 A1 schlägt vor, beim Mahlen von Kohle mithilfe nicht näher genannter Fuzzy-Regeln die Mahlbetthöhe derart zu regeln, dass ein "Rumpeln" der Mühle vermieden wird. Als Mess- und Stellgrößen werden Sichterluftstrom, -temperatur, -trennkorngrösse und -drehzahl, Mahlgutmassenstrom (die sogenannte "Mühlenlast"), Mahldruck, Mahlbetthöhe, Mahlgut-Mahleigenschaften (z. B. Hardgrovezahl) und Speichervolumen sowie NOx-Emission oder das Flammenbild eines der Mühle nachgeschalteten Brenners und die Druckdifferenz zwischen Mühlenein- und austritt der durch die Mühle strömenden heißen Trocknungsluft einschließlich der mitgerissenen feinen getrockneten Kohlenstaubteilchen und dem aus der Kohle ausgedampften Wasser vorgeschlagen.The aforementioned DE 10 2007 062 820 A1 proposes to regulate the grinding bed height during grinding of coal by means of unspecified fuzzy rules in such a way that a "rumble" of the mill is avoided. The measured and manipulated variables are classifier air flow, temperature, particle size and speed, regrind mass flow (the so-called "mill load"), grinding pressure, grinding bed height, grinding stock grinding properties (eg Hardgrove number) and storage volume as well as NO x emission or the flame pattern one of the mill downstream burner and the pressure difference between the mill inlet and outlet of the flowing through the mill hot drying air including the entrained fine dried pulverized coal particles and the evaporated water from the coal proposed.

Aufgabetask

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein anderes Verfahren zur Anpassung der Stellgrößen vorzuschlagen.The invention has for its object to propose a different method for adjusting the variables.

Lösungsolution

Ausgehend von dem bekannten Verfahren wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, dass beim Mahlen kontinuierlich ein mechanischer Zustand der Rolle und daraus eine Festigkeit des Mahlbetts bestimmt wird, und der Sollzustand mindestens einen Sollwert für die Festigkeit des Mahlbetts umfasst.Starting from the known method, it is proposed according to the invention that, during grinding, a mechanical state of the roll and therefrom a strength of the grinding bed are determined continuously, and the desired state comprises at least one setpoint for the strength of the grinding bed.

Die bekannten Verfahren beschränken sich auf die Messung der Mahlbetthöhe, weil die darüber hinaus die Effektivität des Mahlvorgangs wesentlich bestimmende Festigkeit des Mahlbetts nicht unmittelbar messbar ist. Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass die Festigkeit des Mahlbetts unter einer Rolle über die Bewegungsgleichungen mit deren mechanischem Zustand korreliert und sich aus diesem berechnen lässt. Der mechanische Zustand der Rolle - Bewegungszustand, angreifende Kräfte und auftretende Verformungen - ist über allgemein bekannte Verfahren messbar.The known methods are limited to the measurement of the Mahlbetthöhe, because in addition the effectiveness of the grinding process substantially determining strength of the grinding bed is not directly measurable. The invention is based on the finding that the strength of the grinding bed under a roller correlates with the mechanical state via the equations of motion and can be calculated from this equation. The mechanical condition of the roller - state of motion, forces acting and deformations occurring - can be measured by well-known methods.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren stellt für die Regelung des Mahlvorgangs mit dem vollständigen mechanischen Zustand des Mahlbetts eine Regelgröße zur Verfügung, die mit den Stellgrößen der Vertikalmühle in einem wesentlich direkteren Zusammenhang steht. Die automatische Anpassung der Stellgrößen wird damit erst möglich.The inventive method provides for the regulation of the grinding process with the complete mechanical state of the grinding bed a controlled variable available, which is in a much more direct relationship with the manipulated variables of the vertical mill. The automatic adaptation of the manipulated variables is thus only possible.

Bevorzugt umfasst in einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren der mechanische Zustand der Rolle eine aus dem Mahlbett auf die Rolle wirkende Kraft und einen Ort und/oder einen Drehwinkel der Rolle um eine Drehachse der Rolle. Vorzugsweise wird in einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die Kraft und ggf. der Ort mindestens in radialer Richtung der Rolle bestimmt. Über die Radialkomponenten der Kraft und des Orts der Rolle lässt sich die Steifigkeit des Mahlbetts senkrecht zum Mahlkörper, über die Tangentialkomponente der Kraft und den Drehwinkel in Bewegungsrichtung des Mahlbetts ermitteln.Preferably, in a method according to the invention, the mechanical condition of the roll comprises a force acting on the roll from the grinding bed and a location and / or angle of rotation of the roll about a rotation axis of the roll. Preferably, in a method according to the invention, the force and optionally the location is determined at least in the radial direction of the roller. About the Radial components of the force and location of the roll can be the stiffness of the grinding bed perpendicular to the grinding media, determine the tangential component of the force and the angle of rotation in the direction of movement of the grinding bed.

Besonders bevorzugt wird in einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren mindestens eines aus Geschwindigkeit, Beschleunigung, Winkelgeschwindigkeit und Winkelbeschleunigung der Rolle bestimmt.In a method according to the invention, it is particularly preferred to determine at least one of speed, acceleration, angular velocity and angular acceleration of the roll.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausprägung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst die Festigkeit des Mahlbetts mindestens eine Dämpfung des Mahlbetts und/oder eine Steifigkeit des Mahlbetts. Durch die Bestimmung der Bewegungskomponenten und der Kraft in den drei Raumrichtungen und um die drei Raumachsen sind alle möglicher Weise linear unabhängigen Komponenten zur Bestimmung der Festigkeit erfasst.In an advantageous embodiment of a method according to the invention, the strength of the grinding bed comprises at least one damping of the grinding bed and / or a stiffness of the grinding bed. By determining the components of motion and the force in the three spatial directions and around the three spatial axes, all possible linearly independent components for determining the strength are detected.

Je nach Anwendungsfall können in einem Mahlprozess verschiedene Komponenten dieser Parameter des mechanischen Zustands der Rolle weniger relevant sein. In einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann entsprechend die Bestimmung der weniger relevanten Komponenten entfallen.Depending on the application, various components of these parameters of the mechanical condition of the roll may be less relevant in a milling process. In a method according to the invention, the determination of the less relevant components can correspondingly be dispensed with.

Bevorzugt werden in einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Kalibrierung zunächst anhand von Messwerten durch multidimensionale nichtlineare Regression Proportionalitätskonstanten zur Bestimmung der Stellgrößen aus der Festigkeit des Mahlbetts ermittelt. Die Kalibrierung der Proportionalitätskonstanten anhand von Messwerten erlaubt insbesondere die Anpassung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens an verschiedene Vertikalmühlen.Preferably, in a method according to the invention for the purpose of calibration, proportionality constants for determining the manipulated variables from the strength of the grinding bed are first determined on the basis of measured values by means of multidimensional non-linear regression. The calibration of the proportionality constants on the basis of measured values allows in particular the adaptation of the method according to the invention to different vertical mills.

Besonders bevorzugt werden in einem solchen erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beim Mahlen die Proportionalitätskonstanten kontinuierlich ermittelt. Da sich die Proportionalitätskonstanten im Regelbetrieb einer Mühle nicht - oder nur sehr langsam - ändern sollten, gewährt ihre fortlaufende Überwachung einen guten Einblick in den Verschleißzustand insbesondere der Rolle. Eine sprunghafte Änderung der Proportionalitätskonstanten kann auf eine Störung im Betrieb hinweisen und als Kriterium für eine automatische Notabschaltung dienen.In such a method according to the invention, the proportionality constants are particularly preferably determined continuously during grinding. Since the proportionality constants should not change in the regular operation of a mill, or only very slowly, their continuous monitoring provides a good insight into the state of wear, in particular of the roll. A sudden change in the proportionality constants can indicate a malfunction in operation and serve as a criterion for an automatic emergency shutdown.

Im Rahmen eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kann mit dem Mahlgut Wasser zwischen den Mahlkörper und die Rolle gebracht werden, wobei die Stellgrößen eine Menge des aufgebrachten Wassers umfassen. Weiterhin kann das gemahlene Mahlgut von im Wesentlichen vertikal strömender Luft in einen Sichter gefördert und dort nach Kriterien mindestens aus Partikelgröße, Dichte, Trägheit und Schwebe- oder Schichtungsverhalten klassifiziert werden, wobei die Stellgrößen eine Menge der strömenden Luft und eine Sichterdrehzahl des Sichters umfassen.In the context of a method according to the invention, water can be brought between the grinding body and the roller with the ground material, wherein the manipulated variables comprise a quantity of the applied water. Furthermore, the ground regrind of substantially vertically flowing air can be conveyed into a classifier and classified there according to criteria at least particle size, density, inertia and floating or stratification behavior, wherein the manipulated variables include a quantity of the flowing air and a classifier speed of the classifier.

Ausführungsbeispielembodiment

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine Vertikalmühle,
Fig. 2
ein Detail der Vertikalmühle und
Fig. 3
eine Prinzipskizze zu den Bewegungsgleichungen.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. Show it
Fig. 1
a vertical mill,
Fig. 2
a detail of the vertical mill and
Fig. 3
a schematic diagram of the equations of motion.

Die in Figur 1 gezeigte Vertikalmühle 1 weist vier Mühlen 2 mit einem Mahlteller als gemeinsamen Mahlkörper 3 auf. Die vier Mühlen 2 und der Mahlkörper 3 sind auf einem gemeinsamen Fundament 4 verankert. Eine Grundplatte 5 des Mahlkörpers 3 ist fest mit dem Fundament 4 verbunden. Der Mahlkörper 3 ist um eine vertikale Achse 6 rotierbar gelagert und wird im Betrieb der Vertikalmühle 1 angetrieben. Figur 2 zeigt im Detail eine einzelne Mühle 2 der Vertikalmühle 1. Jede Mühle 2 weist eine Rolle 7 auf, die um eine horizontale Achse 8 rotiert und auf dem Mahlkörper 3 abrollt.In the FIG. 1 shown vertical mill 1 has four mills 2 with a grinding table as a common grinding body 3. The four mills 2 and the grinding media 3 are anchored on a common foundation 4. A base plate 5 of the grinding element 3 is firmly connected to the foundation 4. The grinding body 3 is rotatably mounted about a vertical axis 6 and is driven during operation of the vertical mill 1. FIG. 2 shows in detail a single mill 2 of the vertical mill 1. Each mill 2 has a roller 7 which rotates about a horizontal axis 8 and rolls on the grinding body 3.

Der mechanische Zustand der Rolle 7 lässt sich durch die Bewegungsgleichung der Strukturdynamik F = c f(x) + k f(v) + m f(a) mathematisch beschreiben, die in Figur 3 veranschaulicht ist: An der Rolle 7 greift die Kraft F an, die Rolle 7 weist einen Radius R, eine Masse m und zu jedem Zeitpunkt einen Abstand x zu einem (nicht dargestellten) Nullpunkt, eine Geschwindigkeit v und eine Beschleunigung a auf. Die Konstanten k und c der Bewegungsgleichung entsprechen der Steifigkeit und der Dämpfung des Mahlbetts 9. Alle Größen sind Vektorgrößen. In der Geschwindigkeit v und der Beschleunigung a im (idealisierten) Kontaktpunkt mit dem Mahlbett 9 sind in tangentialer Richtung Anteile aus den Ableitungen des Winkels ϕ enthalten.The mechanical state of the roller 7 can be mathematically described by the equation of motion of the structural dynamics F = cf (x) + kf (v) + mf (a) FIG. 3 The roller 7 is engaged by the force F, the roller 7 has a radius R, a mass m and at each point in time a distance x from a zero point (not shown), a speed v and an acceleration a. The constants k and c of the equation of motion correspond to the rigidity and the damping of the grinding bed 9. All variables are vector quantities. In the Velocity v and the acceleration a in the (idealized) contact point with the grinding bed 9 parts in the tangential direction of the derivatives of the angle φ are included.

In der Vertikalmühle wird ein Grundstoff für die Zementherstellung gemahlen, der zu etwa 90 vH aus Kalkstein besteht. Weitere Zuschlagstoffe sind insbesondere Mergel, Kohlenstaub und Aluminium, wobei die letzteren bereits in feinkörniger Form in die Vertikalmühle gegeben werden. Das Mahlgut wird vor dem Aufgeben auf etwa 200 °C geheizt, um ein frühzeitiges Zusammenbacken zu vermeiden.In the vertical mill, a raw material for cement production is ground, which consists of about 90 per cent of limestone. Other aggregates are especially marl, coal dust and aluminum, the latter being added even in fine-grained form in the vertical mill. The ground material is heated to about 200 ° C prior to application in order to avoid premature caking.

An den Mühlen 2 werden zunächst Messwertaufnehmer zum fortlaufenden Bestimmen des mechanischen Zustands der Rollen 7 angebracht und die Bewegung und die Kräfte sowie die Regelgrößen Mahlbetthöhe, Antriebsleistung, Differenzdruck, Sichtertemperatur und Heizleistung und die dazu gehörenden Werte von Mahldruck, Mahlgutstrom, Sichterdrehzahl und Wasser- und Luftmenge als Stellgrößen über mehrere Wochen aufgenommen. Aus dem mechanischen Zustand wird über die Bewegungsgleichung fortlaufend die Festigkeit des Mahlbetts 9 berechnet.At the mills 2 are first mounted transducers for continuously determining the mechanical condition of the rollers 7 and the movement and the forces and the controlled variables Mahlbetthöhe, drive power, differential pressure, classifier temperature and heat output and the associated values of grinding pressure, Mahlgutstrom, Sichterdrehzahl and water and Air volume recorded as control variables over several weeks. From the mechanical state, the strength of the grinding bed 9 is continuously calculated via the equation of motion.

Zum Kalibrieren der Regelung werden durch multidimensionale nichtlineare Regression die Proportionalitätskonstanten bestimmt, die den Zusammenhang zwischen der Festigkeit des Mahlbetts 9 und den Stellgrößen der Mühlen 2 beschreiben.To calibrate the control, the proportionality constants are determined by multidimensional nonlinear regression, which describe the relationship between the strength of the grinding bed 9 and the manipulated variables of the mills 2.

Für den Betrieb der Vertikalmühle 1 ist ein Sollzustand des Mahlbetts 9 vorgegeben, bei dem das Mahlverfahren nach den Erfahrungen der vorherigen Messung mit optimaler Effektivität aufbereitet. Weicht im Betrieb der aus den Messwerten bestimmte mechanische Zustand des Mahlbetts 9 von dem Sollzustand ab, wird mit dem nun bekannten mathematischen Zusammenhang eine entsprechende Anpassung der Stellgrößen ermittelt und in einer Leitwarte der Vertikalmühle 1 als Sollwert vorgegeben, die den Sollzustand wiederherstellt.For the operation of the vertical mill 1, a desired state of the grinding bed 9 is specified, in which the grinding process processes according to the experience of the previous measurement with optimum effectiveness. If the mechanical state of the grinding bed 9, determined from the measured values, deviates from the desired state during operation, a corresponding adaptation of the manipulated variables is determined with the now known mathematical relationship and preset in a control room of the vertical mill 1 which restores the desired state.

Im Betrieb der Vertikalmühle 1 ist der Winkel α der Kraft F ein wichtiges Maß für die Energieeffizienz des Verfahrens.During operation of the vertical mill 1, the angle α of the force F is an important measure of the energy efficiency of the method.

Ein weiterer Mühlentyp, zu dessen Regelung sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gleichfalls eignet, ist die Gutbett-Walzenmühle (auch: "Rollenpresse"), bei der die Rolle auf einer zweiten, gleich großen oder mit gleicher Umfangsgeschwindigkeit rotierenden Rolle als Mahlkörper 3 abrollt. Das Mahlgut wird im Wesentlichen von oben in den Zwickel zwischen den beiden Rollen aufgegeben, zermahlen und fällt nach unten in die Mahlschüssel.Another type of mill, the method of the invention is also suitable for the control, is the good-bed roller mill (also: "roller press"), in which the roller rolls on a second, equal or with the same peripheral speed rotating role as a grinding body 3. The ground material is essentially fed from above into the gusset between the two rollers, crushed and falls down into the grinding bowl.

In den Figuren sind

1
Vertikalmühle
2
Mühle
3
Mahlkörper
4
Fundament
5
Grundplatte
6
Achse
7
Rolle
8
Achse
9
Mahlbett
In the figures are
1
vertical mill
2
Mill
3
grinding media
4
foundation
5
baseplate
6
axis
7
role
8th
axis
9
grinding bed

Claims (9)

  1. A method for grinding a product to be ground in a mill (2) comprising a grinding body (3) and at least one roller (7) that rolls on the grinding body (3) under a grinding pressure, wherein
    a. the product to be ground is supplied in the form of a product flow such that it forms a grinding bed (9) between the grinding body (3) and the roller (7) and is crushed by the roller (7) in the grinding bed (9),
    b. a grinding bed height of the grinding bed (9) between the grinding body (3) and the roller (7) is continuously measured during the grinding process, and
    c. the mill (2) is controlled by means of manipulated variables such that a predefined nominal state is achieved, wherein the manipulated variables comprise at least the grinding pressure and the product flow and the nominal state at least comprises a nominal value for the grinding bed height,
    characterized in that
    d. a mechanical state of the roller (7) is continuously determined during the grinding process and a stability of the grinding bed (9) is determined thereof, and
    e. the nominal state at least comprises a nominal value for the stability of the grinding bed (9).
  2. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the mechanical state of the roller (7) comprises a force (F), which acts upon the roller (7) from the grinding bed (9), and a location (x1, x2) and/or an angle of rotation (ϕ) of the roller (7) about a rotational axis of the roller (7).
  3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the force (F) and, if applicable, the location (x1) is determined at least in the radial direction of the roller (7).
  4. The method according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one of the parameters speed, acceleration, angular velocity and angular acceleration of the roller (7) is determined.
  5. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stability of the grinding bed (9) comprises at least a damping (cr, ct) of the grinding bed (9) and/or a rigidity (kr, kt) of the grinding bed (9).
  6. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that proportionality constants for determining the manipulated variables from the stability of the grinding bed (9) are initially determined for calibration purposes based on measured values by means of multidimensional non-linear regression.
  7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the proportionality constants are continuously determined during the grinding process.
  8. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that water is supplied between the grinding body (3) and the roller (7) with the product to be ground, and in that the manipulated variables comprise a quantity of the supplied water.
  9. The method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ground product is conveyed into an air separator by means of an essentially vertical air flow and classified in said air separator, and in that the manipulated variables comprise a quantity of the flowing air and a rotational speed of the air separator.
EP13752626.5A 2012-08-22 2013-08-21 Grinding method Not-in-force EP2888052B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102012107740.1A DE102012107740A1 (en) 2012-08-22 2012-08-22 Method for grinding
PCT/EP2013/067393 WO2014029809A2 (en) 2012-08-22 2013-08-21 Grinding method

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EP2888052A2 EP2888052A2 (en) 2015-07-01
EP2888052B1 true EP2888052B1 (en) 2016-10-19

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EP (1) EP2888052B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6261585B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102012107740A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2014029809A2 (en)

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JP6728977B2 (en) * 2016-05-26 2020-07-22 宇部興産機械株式会社 Vertical crusher
JP6713430B2 (en) * 2017-03-30 2020-06-24 Ｊｘ金属株式会社 Operation method of vertical crusher
WO2019221302A1 (en) * 2018-05-18 2019-11-21 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 Crushing device, and method for controlling crushing device

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US4372496A (en) * 1980-10-01 1983-02-08 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Electronic controller of hydraulic pressure for journal loading of bowl mill
JP2003340299A (en) * 2002-05-24 2003-12-02 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Determination method for coal grinding property of mill and control method for coal production characteristics
DK176989B1 (en) * 2007-06-27 2010-10-04 Smidth As F L Rolling bearing
DE102007062820A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2009-08-06 Evonik Energy Services Gmbh A mill control system and method for operating a mill
TW201043336A (en) * 2009-04-01 2010-12-16 Smidth As F L Method for controlling the material feed to a roller mill and such mill
DE102009031429B4 (en) * 2009-07-01 2015-05-28 Rwe Power Ag Method and device for grinding granular material
DE102012100946B4 (en) * 2012-02-06 2017-12-28 Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag Roller mill and method of operating a roller mill
WO2014121023A1 (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-08-07 Orlando Utilities Commission Coal pulverizer monitoring system and associated methods

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JP6261585B2 (en) 2018-01-17
DE102012107740A1 (en) 2014-02-27
US9981270B2 (en) 2018-05-29
US20150238973A1 (en) 2015-08-27
EP2888052A2 (en) 2015-07-01
DK2888052T3 (en) 2017-01-16
WO2014029809A2 (en) 2014-02-27
WO2014029809A3 (en) 2014-05-15
JP2015530922A (en) 2015-10-29
CN104582854A (en) 2015-04-29

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