EP2887156B1 - Dispositif régulateur - Google Patents

Dispositif régulateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2887156B1
EP2887156B1 EP13199425.3A EP13199425A EP2887156B1 EP 2887156 B1 EP2887156 B1 EP 2887156B1 EP 13199425 A EP13199425 A EP 13199425A EP 2887156 B1 EP2887156 B1 EP 2887156B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ferromagnetic
regulating device
path
wheel
dipole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13199425.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2887156A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Jacques Born
Gianni Di Domenico
Jérôme Favre
Baptiste Hinaux
Dominique Léchot
Patrick Ragot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Original Assignee
Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swatch Group Research and Development SA filed Critical Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Priority to EP13199425.3A priority Critical patent/EP2887156B1/fr
Priority to US14/564,581 priority patent/US9389591B2/en
Priority to JP2014258525A priority patent/JP5976090B2/ja
Priority to RU2014152041A priority patent/RU2014152041A/ru
Priority to CN201410815422.4A priority patent/CN104730907B/zh
Publication of EP2887156A1 publication Critical patent/EP2887156A1/fr
Priority to HK15112382.4A priority patent/HK1211713A1/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2887156B1 publication Critical patent/EP2887156B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C5/00—Electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in time-pieces, i.e. electric or magnetic escapements
    • G04C5/005—Magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/08—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically
    • G04C3/10—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means
    • G04C3/101—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means constructional details
    • G04C3/104—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means constructional details of the pawl or the ratched-wheel
    • G04C3/105—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means constructional details of the pawl or the ratched-wheel pawl and ratched-wheel being magnetically coupled

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of magnetic regulating devices for the relative angular velocity of a wheel and at least one magnetic dipole integral with an oscillating element and in particular such regulating devices that can be used in the watch industry, particularly in wrist watches.
  • the present invention also relates to a watch movement equipped with such a regulating device and a timepiece, including but not exclusively a wristwatch provided with such a watch movement.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 schematically shows a regulating device typical of the prior art in which a resonant structure 1, having the general shape of "C", carries a permanent magnet 2 fixed so that the two free ends of the "C” form two magnetic poles 8 and 10, thus defining an air gap E.
  • the magnet 2 is fixed to the base of the "C” via an elastic structure 4 fixed in turn to a frame B by screws 6.
  • a wheel of Exhaust 12 made of material with high magnetic permeability is arranged so that its teeth 12a pass into the gap E. Each tooth 12a of the wheel 12 is recessed so as to form a ferromagnetic path 14 of sinusoidal shape.
  • the wheel 12 is rotated by a motor torque symbolized by the arrow C from a barrel not shown.
  • the magnetic poles 8, 10 of the resonator 1 tend to follow the sinusoidal ferromagnetic path defined by the escape wheel 12. In doing so, the resonator 1 starts to vibrate in the radial direction R of the exhaust wheel 12 to reach its own frequency steady state. With an ideal resonator this natural frequency is substantially independent of the motor torque.
  • the maintenance of the resonator is ensured by the transmission of energy from the escape wheel 12 driven by the barrel. The speed of the escape wheel 12 is thus synchronized with the natural frequency of the oscillator 1.
  • Either the intensity and / or the shock duration are such that the magnetic coupling between the wheel and the oscillating structure is permanently lost, this phenomenon is generally referred to as the stall.
  • the oscillating structure then ceases to oscillate so that the escape wheel is rotated in an uncontrolled manner until the total unwinding of the engine cylinder.
  • a second attempt to solve this problem consisted in providing a plurality of mechanical stops disposed on either side of the ferromagnetic path against which the oscillating magnet abuts as soon as they deviate from its coupling path. Even if such a device can prevent the stall of the escape wheel, it increases the clutter of the system and induces disturbances on the oscillating structure at each impact against the stops leading to a decrease in chronometric performance in a manner similar to the phenomenon of rebate in a classic Swiss lever escapement.
  • the main purpose of the invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks of the aforementioned prior art by providing a magnetic regulating device for the relative angular velocity of a wheel and of an oscillating structure of the type described above comprising means for reduce or even eliminate the sensitivity to shocks (hereinafter referred to as stall prevention means).
  • the invention also aims to provide such a regulator device wherein the anti-stall means do not consume energy from the cylinder in normal operation.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such a regulator device in which the anti-stalling means do not negatively influence the self-starting of the system.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such a regulating device in which the anti-stalling means generate no friction and therefore no wear, dust or noise.
  • the invention also aims to provide such a regulator device wherein the anti-stall means do not increase the size.
  • the object of the invention is also to provide such a regulating device in which the anti-stalling means are reliable, economical, and easy to implement.
  • the invention relates to a magnetic regulating device of the relative angular velocity of a wheel and at least one magnetic dipole integral with an oscillating element, according to claim 1 of the patent.
  • the dissipation means of the present invention immediately dissipate said excess energy and tend returning the kinetic energy of the oscillating dipole to a level enabling it to couple with said ferromagnetic path.
  • magnetic dipole it will be understood in the context of the invention any means producing a permanent magnetic field regardless of its shape that is to say that it can be constituted by any type of permanent magnet or electromagnet.
  • the kinetic energy dissipation means comprise non-ferromagnetic electrically conductive sectors extending substantially in the plane of said ferromagnetic path and disposed on either side of said ferromagnetic path. These sectors are preferably made of a material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, platinum, palladium, titanium, nickel.
  • the non-ferromagnetic electrically conductive sectors are electrically isolated from said ferromagnetic path typically by an air gap or any other means of galvanic isolation.
  • This galvanic isolation minimizes or even eliminates any undesirable parasitic eddy current induction that may occur during normal operation, particularly when the dipole moves in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic path edge.
  • the ferromagnetic path comprises through slots extending substantially perpendicularly to the plane of the ferromagnetic path and / or the ferromagnetic path is formed by a concentric lamination of a ferromagnetic material.
  • the eddy currents appearing in the non-ferromagnetic electrically conductive sectors extending substantially in the plane of said ferromagnetic path and arranged on either side of said ferromagnetic path are desired eddy currents that participate in dissipation. of the kinetic energy of the dipole when the latter oscillates with an amplitude bringing it beyond the ferromagnetic path whereas the possible eddy currents induced in the ferromagnetic path are eddy currents unwanted currents which it is wished to eliminate or for the least minimize.
  • the wheel comprises an insulating substrate on at least one face of which the ferromagnetic path and the electrically conductive non-ferromagnetic sectors are reported.
  • the magnetic dipole is a permanent magnet whose direction of magnetization perpendicular to the plane of the ferromagnetic path.
  • the permanent magnet is comprised in an open structure defining a closed magnetic circuit and an air gap in which the wheel can move perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet, the free ends of said structure extending substantially opposite said ferromagnetic path when said element oscillating is at rest, the wheel being driven by the engine torque and the oscillating element is secured to a fixed frame.
  • FIGS. figures 3b and 3c we see a first embodiment of a magnetic regulator device according to the invention and designated by the general reference 20.
  • the figure 3a illustrates in schematic and simplified section the principle implemented in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. figures 3b and 3c .
  • the identical elements are designated by the same reference numerals.
  • the device 20 allows the regulation of the relative angular velocity of a wheel 22 and a magnetic dipole, formed in this example by a permanent magnet 24, typically made of a neodymium iron boron alloy.
  • the magnet 24 is secured to an oscillating element 26 which in turn is secured to a rotor 28 rotating about an axis 28a and driven by a driving torque from a cylinder (not shown) via a conventional finishing machine with a predefined gear ratio and of which only a mobile 30 is shown in FIGS. figures 3b and 3c .
  • the rotor 28 undergoes a permanent torque tending to rotate in a predefined direction of rotation symbolized by the arrow S in the drawing.
  • the wheel 22 is secured to a frame 32, for example a turntable of a watch movement, and the rotor 28 is mounted to rotate coaxially with the wheel 22 on the axis 28a between the frame 32 and a bridge 34 ( figures 3b and 3c ).
  • the rotor 28 is arranged so that the oscillating element 26 is rotatable above the wheel 22.
  • the wheel 22 is fixed.
  • the rotor 28 has the shape of an "S"
  • one end 28b carries the oscillating element 26
  • the other end 28c carries a counterweight 34 in the form of a plate dimensions appropriate.
  • the oscillating element 26 has the general shape of a frame comprising two opposite rigid uprights 26a, 26b and two flexible uprights 26c, 26d (symbolized by a spring at the figure 3a ).
  • the oscillating element 26 is fixed to the rotor 28 by its rigid upright 26b and the permanent magnet 24 is fixed to the opposite rigid upright 26a.
  • the magnet 24 secured to the upright 26a can oscillate in the plane formed by the frame 26a, 26b, 26c, and 26d in the direction D. It should be noted in this regard that the amounts of the frame are dimensioned to avoid any elastic deformation outside the plane of the frame 26 which forms an oscillating structure in a plane parallel to the plane of the wheel 22.
  • the wheel 22 comprises a periodic and alternating polar ferromagnetic path 36 as a function of an angle ⁇ at the center aligned with the axis 28a ( figure 3c ).
  • the magnet 24 is dimensioned and arranged to allow on the one hand a magnetic coupling with the ferromagnetic path 36 and on the other hand an oscillation of the magnet 24 in the plane of the frame 26 at the natural frequency of the oscillating element 26 when rotating the rotor 28.
  • the shape of the ferromagnetic path 36 is designed to maintain a path 38 of the magnet 24 having a substantially sinusoidal shape closed on itself in the fixed reference frame of the frame.
  • the magnet 24 is arranged on one side of the ferromagnetic path 36 that includes the wheel 22.
  • the magnet 24 has a direction of magnetization perpendicular to the plane of the ferromagnetic path 36 as is particularly visible in the figure 3a .
  • the magnet 24 is therefore arranged according to an "open" magnetic circuit in that the field lines 24a close on the outside of the magnet 24, passing through layers of air external to the latter and therefore without being guided.
  • the ferromagnetic path 36 is typically made of a material selected from the group consisting of soft iron, mumetal or SuperMalloy comprising nickel (75%), iron (20%), and molybdenum (5%).
  • the ferromagnetic path 36 is typically cut from a plate of these materials to define a ring having inner 36a and outer 36b serrations each forming trapezoidal shaped teeth.
  • the regulator device 20 further comprises kinetic energy dissipation means 40 of the oscillating magnet 24 disposed adjacent to the ferromagnetic path 36 on either side of the latter and substantially in the same plane, that is - ie in the plane of the ring 36 forming the ferromagnetic path 36.
  • the kinetic energy dissipation means 40 comprise non-ferromagnetic electrically conductive sectors.
  • these segments are typically in the form of two rings 40a and 40b respectively nested inside and outside the ring forming the ferromagnetic path 36.
  • These sectors 40 are typically cut in a plate made of a material selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, platinum, palladium, titanium or nickel.
  • These electrically conductive non-ferromagnetic sectors 40 are electrically isolated from the ferromagnetic path 36 by means of an air gap or a galvanic means 42 ( figure 3a ).
  • the isolation means 42 are arranged on either side of the side walls 36a, 36b of the ferromagnetic path 36.
  • a resin of the following type is provided. polymer or insulating varnish.
  • FIG. 4 We have shown figure 4 the forces applied to the magnet 24 when it momentarily left the ferromagnetic path 36, for example following a shock, and is above a non-ferromagnetic electrically conductive sector 40a or 40b. It can be seen that the magnet 24 is subjected to a force F F resulting from the eddy currents appearing in the sectors 40b "overflown" by the magnet 24 and which opposes the direction of displacement S) of the magnet 24 and which combined with the restoring force F R of the flexible uprights 26c, 26d tends to bring the magnet 24 opposite the magnetic path 36 according to the resultant F F + F R.
  • FIGS. 5a to 5c and 5d to 5f show graphs illustrating as a function of time a dynamic simulation of the effect of a sudden increase of the motor torque (curves C m1 and C m2 ) on the speed of rotation of the rotor (curves C v1 and C v2 ) and on the oscillation amplitude of the resulting oscillating magnetic dipole (curves C a1 and C a2 ), respectively according to a magnetic regulator device of the prior art (without means for dissipating the kinetic energy of the magnet when it deviates from its ferromagnetic path) and according to a magnetic regulator device 20 of the invention.
  • the two curves C m1 and C m2 illustrated in figures 5a and 5d show an identical initial engine torque followed by the same increase in the engine torque on the rotor 28.
  • the duration of this increase is 5 seconds to illustrate the dynamics of the resulting phenomenon.
  • the ferromagnetic path 36 comprises means for reducing unwanted eddy currents.
  • These eddy current reduction means are made in the form of a plurality of slots 50 regularly distributed along the ferromagnetic path 36.
  • the slots 50 pass right through the thickness of the ferromagnetic path 36 and preferably extend substantially perpendicularly to the plane of the ferromagnetic path 36.
  • the slots longitudinal dimension 50 extends substantially radially but it goes without saying that the longitudinal dimension of these slots 50 could be oriented differently from that their arrangement can reduce the induction of parasitic eddy currents in the ferromagnetic path 36 in normal operation of the regulating device, that is to say when the magnet 24 oscillates opposite the magnetic path 36 and follows it.
  • the slots 50 can typically be cut simultaneously with the cutting operation of the inner and outer shape of the ring by means of a stamping tool of appropriate shape.
  • the ferromagnetic path 36 is made in the form of a laminated ring formed of a plurality of layers of a ferromagnetic material insulated from each other and extending concentrically about a geometric axis A ( figure 7b ) perpendicular to the plane of the ferromagnetic path 36.
  • the electrical insulation 52a disposed between each layer 52b makes it possible to limit the flow of current from one layer to the other and thus reduces the undesired eddy current losses.
  • the magnetic path 36 can be made in the form of a laminated ring of the type described in connection with the figures 7a and 7b , further comprising slots as described in connection with the figure 6 .
  • the ferromagnetic path 36 can be made in one piece with the wheel 22, for example as shown in FIGS. Figures 6 and 7a , 7b , but it goes without saying that this ferromagnetic path 36 can be attached to the wheel 22 as illustrated by way of example in FIG. figure 8 .
  • the wheel 22 comprises an insulating substrate 54 for example of plastic on a face 54a of which are reported the ferromagnetic path 36 and the inner non-ferromagnetic electrically conductive sectors 40a and 40b outer.
  • recesses 54b, 54c and 54d concentric, spaced radially from each other and of suitable shapes are formed in the face 54a of the insulating substrate 54 to receive and appropriately position respectively the inner non-ferromagnetic electrically conductive sector 40a , the ferromagnetic path 36 and the outer non-ferromagnetic electrically conductive sector 40b.
  • the elements 40a, 40b and 36 are held in the recesses 54b, 54c and 54d for example by gluing or driving or any other appropriate means.
  • the radial distance between the circular recesses 54b, 54c and 54d defines an air space which advantageously makes it possible to realize the galvanic isolation between the magnetic path 36 and the inner non-ferromagnetic electrically conductive sectors 40a and 40b outside.
  • FIG 9a a second configuration of a magnetic regulator device 20 according to the invention in which the permanent magnet 24 oscillating in the direction symbolized by the arrow D is arranged in a magnetic circuit formed by a conducting frame 56, made for example of soft iron, and having a "C" shape along which the magnet is integrated.
  • the oscillating magnet 24 is connected to a fixed frame 58 via return means MR and the magnetic path 36 is integral with a rotor 60 rotated by a motor torque C from a barrel via a conventional finishing train (not shown).
  • the rotor 60 has a structure identical to the wheel 22 described in connection with the preceding figures.
  • the wheel 22 moves in the gap E delimited by the free ends of the branches of the "C".
  • the ferromagnetic path 36 carried by the wheel 60 extends perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet 24.
  • the free ends 56a, 56b of the frame 56 are arranged substantially opposite the ferromagnetic path 36 when the oscillating magnet 24 is at rest.
  • the field lines L c are thus guided in the frame to above the magnetic path 36 and close by passing through it so that the magnetic coupling of the oscillating magnet 24 is improved.
  • the figure 9b is a variant of the configuration shown in the figure 9a in which the conducting frame 56 comprises two magnets 24a, 24b permanent arranged opposite the ferromagnetic path 26 on each side of the rotor 22.
  • FIGS. Figure 9c represents in perspective an exemplary embodiment of the magnetic regulator device schematized in FIGS. Figures 9a and 9b
  • the regulating device of the present invention can easily be integrated without great adaptation into a watch movement in place of the conventional resonator formed by the balance spring and the escapement.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
EP13199425.3A 2013-12-23 2013-12-23 Dispositif régulateur Active EP2887156B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13199425.3A EP2887156B1 (fr) 2013-12-23 2013-12-23 Dispositif régulateur
US14/564,581 US9389591B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2014-12-09 Regulating device
JP2014258525A JP5976090B2 (ja) 2013-12-23 2014-12-22 規制デバイス
RU2014152041A RU2014152041A (ru) 2013-12-23 2014-12-22 Регулирующее устройство
CN201410815422.4A CN104730907B (zh) 2013-12-23 2014-12-23 调节装置
HK15112382.4A HK1211713A1 (en) 2013-12-23 2015-12-16 Regulating device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13199425.3A EP2887156B1 (fr) 2013-12-23 2013-12-23 Dispositif régulateur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2887156A1 EP2887156A1 (fr) 2015-06-24
EP2887156B1 true EP2887156B1 (fr) 2018-03-07

Family

ID=49911313

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13199425.3A Active EP2887156B1 (fr) 2013-12-23 2013-12-23 Dispositif régulateur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9389591B2 (xx)
EP (1) EP2887156B1 (xx)
JP (1) JP5976090B2 (xx)
CN (1) CN104730907B (xx)
HK (1) HK1211713A1 (xx)
RU (1) RU2014152041A (xx)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4386490A1 (fr) * 2022-12-13 2024-06-19 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Composant d'horlogerie résultant de l'assemblage de deux pièces et procédé de fabrication dudit composant

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GB2533960A (en) * 2015-01-09 2016-07-13 Robert Haylett Kevin An escapement comprising a magnetically braked escape wheel and a tuned mechanical resonator for time keeping in clocks, watches, chronometers and other
CH711402A2 (fr) * 2015-08-04 2017-02-15 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse Mécanisme régulateur d'horlogerie à bras rotatifs synchronisé magnétiquement.
EP3208667A1 (fr) * 2016-02-18 2017-08-23 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Mobile d'echappement magnetique d'horlogerie
EP3333649A1 (fr) * 2016-12-09 2018-06-13 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Procede de determination de parametres de reglage de la marche d'une montre mecanique
EP3757684B1 (fr) 2019-06-26 2024-10-16 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Mobile inertiel pour resonateur d'horlogerie avec dispositif d'interaction magnetique insensible au champ magnetique externe

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EP4386490A1 (fr) * 2022-12-13 2024-06-19 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Composant d'horlogerie résultant de l'assemblage de deux pièces et procédé de fabrication dudit composant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN104730907B (zh) 2017-05-24
RU2014152041A3 (xx) 2018-07-31
CN104730907A (zh) 2015-06-24
JP5976090B2 (ja) 2016-08-23
US20150177696A1 (en) 2015-06-25
HK1211713A1 (en) 2016-05-27
US9389591B2 (en) 2016-07-12
EP2887156A1 (fr) 2015-06-24
RU2014152041A (ru) 2016-07-10
JP2015121540A (ja) 2015-07-02

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