EP2879514A1 - Feather based comestible compositions and methods for making such compositions - Google Patents
Feather based comestible compositions and methods for making such compositionsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2879514A1 EP2879514A1 EP13745101.9A EP13745101A EP2879514A1 EP 2879514 A1 EP2879514 A1 EP 2879514A1 EP 13745101 A EP13745101 A EP 13745101A EP 2879514 A1 EP2879514 A1 EP 2879514A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- comestible
- compositions
- feather
- mixture
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 31
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 31
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000711 locust bean gum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000282465 Canis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000282324 Felis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LVGQIQHJMRUCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bisulfite Chemical compound [Ca+2].OS([O-])=O.OS([O-])=O LVGQIQHJMRUCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010260 calcium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfite Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])=O DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010259 potassium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium metabisulfite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O RWPGFSMJFRPDDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940043349 potassium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010263 potassium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940001482 sodium sulfite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 5
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013882 gravy Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 3
- LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N L-cystine Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CSSC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960003067 cystine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010076876 Keratins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000011782 Keratins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000286209 Phasianidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 pepsin Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940001941 soy protein Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700198 Cavia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272194 Ciconiiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010010256 Dietary Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000015781 Dietary Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004344 EU approved packaging gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000283086 Equidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283074 Equus asinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283073 Equus caballus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272184 Falconiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000699694 Gerbillinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282339 Mustela Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000057297 Pepsin A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000284 Pepsin A Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000287502 Phoenicopteriformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000271567 Struthioniformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037208 balanced nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019046 balanced nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021245 dietary protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005417 food ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036449 good health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020993 ground meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940111202 pepsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013406 prebiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011888 snacks Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to comestible compositions and methods for making such compositions and particularly to feather based comestible compositions and methods for making such compositions.
- Unprocessed feathers are high in protein but much of the protein is indigestible, e.g., only about 60 to 75% of the protein is digestible.
- the primary protein in feathers is keratin. Keratin contains a relatively high amount of cystine (-10%) that results in cross-linking in the protein. The cross-linking is the reason much of the protein in feathers is indigestible.
- US4269865 discloses a process for the conversion of feathers into a foodstuff wherein moistened feathers are subjected to an elevated temperature and a pressure of 15 to 40 psig.
- US4908220 discloses methods for hydrolyzing feathers to produce a product useful as dietary protein in animal feed. The method is based on fermentation with Bacillus licheniformis.
- US4665158 discloses methods for hydrolyzing feathers using gaseous hydrochloric acid.
- US6827948 discloses methods for processing poultry feathers that involves contacting feathers with detergent, reducing feather particle size, increasing entanglement, adding anionic polymeric adduct and cationic species, and dewatering.
- feather meal is produced by a high-pressure steam processing method. Heat from the steam hydrolyzes the feathers into a cysteine-rich, high-protein composition that is about 60% digestible.
- the resulting feather meal is used in various food products as a source of protein.
- proteins are not often used to make comestible foods because the texture of the resulting foods is unappealing.
- feather based comestible compositions made by producing a mixture comprising from about 20 to about 60% feather, from about 30 to about 65% polyol, and from about 0.1 to about 3% feather degradation agent; and then heating the mixture to a temperature of from about 120 to about 240°C under a pressure of from about 200 to about 1000 psi for a period of from about 2 to about 10 minutes.
- FIG. 1 shows a feather based comestible composition in an embodiment of the invention showing the comestible composition is a rope form.
- FIG. 2 shows a feather based comestible composition in another embodiment of the invention showing the comestible composition is a coiled form.
- FIG. 3 shows a feather based comestible composition in a further embodiment of the invention showing the comestible composition is a chunk form.
- FIG. 4 shows a feather based comestible composition in an embodiment of the invention showing the comestible composition is a different chunk form.
- animal means a human or other animal that could enjoy or benefit from feather based comestible compositions, including avian, bovine, canine, equine, feline, hicrine, murine, ovine, and porcine animals.
- the term "companion animal” means domesticated animals such as cats, dogs, birds, rabbits, guinea pigs, ferrets, hamsters, mice, gerbils, horses, cows, goats, sheep, donkeys, pigs, and the like.
- single package means that the components of a kit are physically associated in or with one or more containers and considered a unit for manufacture, distribution, sale, or use.
- Containers include, but are not limited to, bags, boxes, cartons, bottles, packages of any type or design or material, over- wrap, shrink-wrap, affixed components (e.g., stapled, adhered, or the like), or combinations thereof.
- a single package may be containers of individual feather based comestible compositions and other comestible ingredients physically associated such that they are considered a unit for manufacture, distribution, sale, or use.
- kits are associated by directions on one or more physical or virtual kit components instructing the user how to obtain the other components, e.g. , a bag or other container containing one component and directions instructing the user to go to a website, contact a recorded message or a fax-back service, view a visual message, or contact a caregiver or instructor to obtain instructions on how to use the kit or safety or technical information about one or more components of a kit.
- the term "about” means plus or minus 20%, preferably plus or minus 10%, more preferably plus or minus 5%, most preferably plus or minus 2%.
- ranges encompass each and every value within the range and are used to avoid having to list each and every value within the range. Any appropriate value within the range can be selected, where appropriate, as the upper value, lower value, or terminus of the range.
- the invention provides methods for making comestible compositions.
- the methods comprise producing a mixture comprising from about 20 to about 60% feather, from about 30 to about 65% polyol, and from about 0.1 to about 3% feather degradation agent; and subsequently heating the mixture to a temperature of from about 120 to about 240°C under a pressure of from about 200 to about 1000 psi for a period of from about 2 to about 10 minutes.
- any feather in any form from any bird can be used in the invention. Feather from chickens, ducks, ostriches, turkeys, hawks, penguins, flamingos, and the like are particularly useful in the invention.
- the feather is from chickens or turkeys, most preferably chickens.
- the feather is generally whole feathers, mechanically processed whole feathers, partially hydrolyzed feathers, feather meal, and combinations thereof.
- the feather is feather meal.
- Mechanically processed whole feathers are generally produced by cutting, grinding, milling, or otherwise mechanically processing the feathers to produce feather pieces.
- Partially hydrolyzed feathers are generally produced by treating feathers with heat, pressure, acids, acids, enzymes, bacteria, and the like to hydrolyze a portion of the feather protein.
- Feather meal is generally produced by mechanically and/or chemically processing feathers and subsequently reducing the particle size to that of a meal. Methods for making these forms of feather are well known to skilled artisans.
- any comestible polyol that is not toxic to animals when used in amounts needed to produce the comestible compositions can be used in the invention.
- the polyol is polyethylene glycol, glycerol, and combinations thereof. Most preferably, the polyol is glycerol.
- any comestible feather degradation agent that is not toxic to animals when used in amounts needed to produce the comestible compositions can be used in the invention.
- the feather degradation agent is sodium sulfite, sodium metabisulfite, potassium metabisulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium hydrogen sulfite, and combinations thereof.
- the feather degradation agent is sodium sulfite.
- the mixture is heated to a temperature of from about 140 to about 220°C, more preferably from about 160 to about 200°C.
- the mixture is under a pressure of from about 300 to about 900 psi, more preferably from about 400 to about 800 psi.
- the mixture is heated for a period of from about 3 to about 8 minutes, more preferably from about 4 to about 6 minutes.
- the step of heating the mixture is performed using extrusion.
- the mixture used in the methods may further comprise contain additional ingredients that serve as functional ingredients to modify the properties of the comestible composition produced by the methods.
- additional proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fibers, gums, and the like can be used to change the functional, nutritional, or aesthetic properties of the comestible compositions produced.
- the mixture may contain from about 2 to about 20% of one or more non-feather based proteins, e.g. , wheat gluten, corn gluten, soy protein, or a combination thereof. In those or other embodiments, the mixture may contain from about 2 to about 20% of one or more fats.
- the mixture further comprises comestible gums such as guar gum, locust bean gum, or combinations thereof.
- the invention provides comestible compositions produced according to the methods of the invention.
- the comestible compositions of the invention may contain additional ingredients that serve as functional ingredients to modify the properties of the comestible composition.
- additional proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fibers, gums, and the like can be used to change the functional, nutritional, or aesthetic properties of the comestible compositions.
- comestible gums such as guar gum, locust bean gum, or combinations thereof are used to make the comestible composition softer and more pliable.
- the comestible compositions further comprise one or more additional ingredients that serve as functional ingredients to modify the properties of the comestible compositions.
- additional proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fibers, gums, and the like can be used to change the functional, nutritional, or aesthetic properties of the comestible compositions.
- the comestible compositions contains from about 2 to about 20% of one or more non-feather based proteins, e.g. , wheat gluten, soy protein, or a combination thereof. In those or other embodiments, the comestible compositions contain from about 2 to about 20% of one or more fats.
- the comestible compositions have a moisture content of from about 4 to about 16%.
- the comestible compositions may contain additional ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, fillers, palatability enhancers, oral care ingredients, probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants, binding agents, flavors, stabilizers, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, buffers, salts, coatings, and the like known to skilled artisans.
- Stabilizers include substances that tend to increase the shelf life of the composition such as preservatives, synergists and sequestrants, packaging gases, stabilizers, emulsifiers, thickeners, gelling agents, and humectants.
- emulsifiers and/or thickening agents examples include gelatin, cellulose ethers, starch, starch esters, starch ethers, and modified starches. Specific amounts for each composition component, food ingredient, and other ingredients will depend on a variety of factors such as the particular components and ingredients included in the composition. Therefore, the ingredient amounts may vary widely and may deviate from the preferred proportions described herein. The amount of such additives in a composition typically is up to about 5% by weight. Further, the compositions may be or may contain additional ingredients intended to maintain or improve the health of the animal, e.g., supplements, medications, herbs, holistic drugs, and the like.
- the comestible compositions are used for any suitable purpose.
- the comestible compositions are produced and used alone as a food for animals; as an ingredient of a complete and balanced food composition for animals, e.g., as a protein source for foods for companion animals such as dogs and cats; as a treat for companion animals such as dogs and cats; or as a component of a blended food composition.
- the comestible compositions are formulated to provide complete and balanced nutrition for an animal, preferably a companion animal, according to standards established by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).
- the comestible compositions are formulated as a snack, treat, toy, chew, or similar composition.
- the comestible compositions are formulated for canines and felines, particularly as a complete and balanced food for dogs and cats.
- the invention provides blended comestible compositions.
- the compositions comprise one or more comestible compositions produced according to the methods of the invention and one or more other comestible ingredients.
- the other comestible ingredients are any ingredient compatible with the comestible compositions produced according to the method of the invention, preferably a blend that meets the nutritional and palatability requirements of the animal intended to consume the compositions.
- the blended composition comprises from about 10 to about 90% comestible composition produced according to the method of the invention and from about 90 to about 10% other comestible ingredients.
- the blended comestible compositions are formulated to provide "complete and balanced" nutrition for a companion animal according to AAFCO standards.
- the blended comestible compositions comprise one or more comestible compositions produced according to the methods of the invention and one or more pet food kibbles.
- the comestible compositions of the inventions are formulated and sized to be a treat for a companion animal, preferably a dog or a cat.
- the methods of the invention produce comestible compositions that have a higher percentage of digestible protein than similar feather based compositions.
- the compositions of the invention have a protein digestibility of 80% or more, preferably 90% or more.
- the combination of the ingredients and the process conditions hydrolyze most of the cystine cross-links to produce a highly digestible comestible composition.
- kits comprise in separate containers in a single package or in separate containers in a virtual package, as appropriate for the kit component, at least one comestible composition produced according to the methods of the invention and one or more of (1) one or more other comestible ingredients; (2) instructions for how to combine a comestible composition produced according to the method of the invention and one or more other comestible ingredients, particularly to produce a blended composition of the present invention; and (3) one or more devices for mixing kit components or containing the admixture.
- the kit comprises a virtual package
- the kit is limited to instructions in a virtual environment in combination with one or more physical kit components.
- the kit contains comestible compositions and other components.
- the comestible compositions and the other suitable kit components e.g., other comestible ingredients
- the kits may contain the kit components in any of various combinations and/or mixtures.
- the kit contains a container comprising a comestible composition of the invention and a container comprising one or more other comestible ingredients or compositions, e.g., pet food kibbles.
- the kit may contain additional items such as a device for mixing kit components or a device for containing the admixture, e.g.
- the invention provides a means for communicating information about or instructions for one or more of (1) administering the comestible compositions of the invention to animals; (2) making a blended comestible composition using the comestible compositions; and (3) administering the blended comestible compositions to animals.
- the means comprises one or more of a physical or electronic document, digital storage media, optical storage media, audio presentation, audiovisual display, or visual display containing the information or instructions.
- the means is selected from the group consisting of a displayed website, a visual display kiosk, a brochure, a product label, a package insert, an advertisement, a handout, a public announcement, an audiotape, a videotape, a DVD, a CD- ROM, a computer readable chip, a computer readable card, a computer readable disk, a USB device, a FireWire device, a computer memory, and any combinations thereof.
- the communication means is useful for instructing on the types and benefits the comestible compositions of the invention.
- the invention provides packages useful for containing one or more comestible compositions of the invention.
- the packages comprise at least one material suitable for containing the comestible compositions of the invention and a label affixed to the material containing a word or words, picture, design, acronym, slogan, phrase, or other device, or combination thereof, that indicates that the package contains the comestible compositions.
- a word or words e.g., "highly digestible” or "highly digestible hydrolyzed protein” or an equivalent expression printed on the material.
- the package further comprises one or more comestible compositions of the invention.
- the package further comprises at least one window that permits the package contents to be viewed without opening the package.
- the window is a transparent portion of the packaging material. In others, the window is a missing portion of the packaging material.
- One hundred (100) kilograms (kg) of a textured protein composition was prepared using the ingredients in the proportions shown in Table 1.
- the ingredients blended in a Hobart (dough mixer) for 30 minutes at 22°C.
- the ingredients were extruded at a temperature between 100°C and 160°C with a minimum shear mechanical energy (SME) of about 50 kJ/kg.
- SME shear mechanical energy
- a twin screw laboratory extruder was used with a long die (5 sections of 0.5 meters per section).
- the ingredients were fed at 5 to 6 kg/hour into a PRISM 24 mm co-rotating twin screw extruder (L/D - 28/1).
- the screw speed was 900 rpm and the maximum extrusion temperature was 160 °C and pressure of 565 psi.
- the molten mass was then fed into a long die of a total length 2.5 m and diameter 12 mm.
- the long die sections were heated respectively from the die to the exit 120-110-100-100-90°C.
- the resulting composition exited the cooling die in the form of a rope, the rope was coiled randomly as shown in FIG. 1.
- One hundred (100) kg of a textured protein composition was prepared using the ingredients in the proportions shown in Table 2.
- the dry ingredients HFM, wheat gluten, and sodium sulfite were blended in a Hobart (dough mixer) for 5 minutes at 22°C.
- the water and glycerol were mixed together in a stainless steel tank.
- An extrusion was conducted at a temperature between 100°C and 160°C with a minimum shear mechanical energy (SME) of about 50 kJ/kg.
- SME shear mechanical energy
- a twin screw laboratory extruder was used with a long die (5 sections of 0.5 meters per section).
- the liquid ingredients water and glycerol were mixed.
- the dry ingredients were fed at 10 kg/hour into a PRISM 24 mm co-rotating twin screw extruder (L/D - 28/1) along with the liquid at 11.9 kg/hour.
- the screw speed was 900 rpm and the maximum extrusion temperature was 160 °C and pressure of 783 psi.
- the molten mass was then fed into a long die of a total length 2.5 m and diameter 12 mm.
- the long die sections were heated respectively from the die to the exit 120-110-100-100-90°C.
- the rope was coiled around a cylinder to create the product shown in FIG. 2.
- Example 1 was repeated using the ingredients and amounts shown in Table 3. The product had substantially the same appearance as the product shown from Example 1, except that the product was softer and more pliable.
- Fifty (50) kg of a textured protein composition was prepared using the ingredients in the amounts shown in Table 4.
- the dry ingredients HFM, guar gum, corn starch, and sodium sulfite were blended in a Hobart (dough mixer) for 5 minutes at 22°C.
- the water and glycerol were mixed together in a stainless steel tank.
- An extrusion was conducted at a temperature between 100°C and 160°C with a minimum shear mechanical energy (SME) of about 50 kJ/kg.
- SME shear mechanical energy
- a twin screw laboratory extruder was used with a long die (5 sections of 0.5 meters per section).
- the liquid ingredients water and glycerol were mixed.
- the dry ingredients were fed at 5 kg/hour into a PRISM 24 mm co-rotating twin screw extruder (L/D - 28/1) along with the liquid at 6.68 kg/hour.
- the screw speed was 900 rpm and the maximum extrusion temperature was 160 °C and pressure of 783 psi.
- the molten mass was then fed into a long die of a total length 2.5 m and diameter 12 mm.
- the long die sections were heated respectively from the die to the exit 120-110-100-100-90°C.
- As the rope exited the die it was cut into chunks of about 1 centimeter length as shown in FIG. 3.
- the chunks were mixed with a gravy in a ratio about 50/50.
- the gravy was prepared by blending 0.7% guar gum and 0.07% xanthan in water with a high speed mixer. The chunks in gravy mixture was then filled in 85 g cans, hermetically sealed, and retorted at 125°C for 25 minutes.
- the meat blend, the dry blend, and liquid glycerol were metered into the extruder as described in Example 2 at a rate of: meat blend at 7.9 Kg/hour; dry blend at 8 Kg/hour, and liquid glycerol at 3.85 Kg/hour.
- the extrusion temperature was 160°C at a pressure of 493 psi.
- the plastic mass was extruded through a long die as in Example 2.
- the rope was cut in to chunks as shown in FIG. 4, blended with gravy, and canned using the procedure given in Example 4.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
- Invalid Beds And Related Equipment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Bedding Items (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261679988P | 2012-08-06 | 2012-08-06 | |
PCT/EP2013/066366 WO2014023684A1 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2013-08-05 | Feather based comestible compositions and methods for making such compositions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2879514A1 true EP2879514A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
Family
ID=48916074
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13745101.9A Withdrawn EP2879514A1 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2013-08-05 | Feather based comestible compositions and methods for making such compositions |
Country Status (11)
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9850400B2 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2017-12-26 | Resinate Materials Group, Inc. | Digestion of keratin |
BR112017003344A2 (pt) | 2014-08-20 | 2018-01-23 | Resinate Mat Group Inc | polióis poliéteres a partir de polímeros reciclados e correntes de resíduos |
US9951171B2 (en) | 2014-08-20 | 2018-04-24 | Resinate Materials Group, Inc. | Polyester polyols from recycled polymers and waste streams |
US9580546B2 (en) | 2014-10-29 | 2017-02-28 | Resinate Materials Group, Inc. | Polymeric plasticizer compositions |
US9890243B2 (en) | 2014-10-29 | 2018-02-13 | Resinate Materials Group, Inc. | Polymeric plasticizer compositions |
CN117598397A (zh) * | 2023-11-14 | 2024-02-27 | 安徽希普生物科技有限公司 | 一种羽毛粉的制备方法及其应用 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3804895A1 (de) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-08-31 | Schaaf Heinz Nahrungsmittel | Verfahren zur entsorgung und/oder aufbereitung von federn und federabfaellen |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2814851A (en) * | 1953-12-11 | 1957-12-03 | Rubberset Company | Keratin treating process and products thereof |
US3684522A (en) * | 1969-09-18 | 1972-08-15 | Charles A Anker | Process of preparing fibrous protein products |
FI910722L (fi) * | 1991-02-14 | 1992-08-15 | Broilertalo Oy | Foerfarande foer hydrolysering av keratin. |
JP2001161282A (ja) * | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-19 | Nicchiku Yakuhin Kogyo Kk | ペット用飼料及び給餌方法 |
JP2001245606A (ja) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-11 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | 飼料用乾粒物 |
RU2229821C2 (ru) * | 2002-07-08 | 2004-06-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "ТЕХКОН" | Способ получения белкового гидролизата из кератинсодержащего сырья |
-
2013
- 2013-08-05 IN IN756DEN2015 patent/IN2015DN00756A/en unknown
- 2013-08-05 WO PCT/EP2013/066366 patent/WO2014023684A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-08-05 CN CN201380041257.5A patent/CN104519752A/zh active Pending
- 2013-08-05 RU RU2015107793A patent/RU2015107793A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-08-05 AU AU2013301587A patent/AU2013301587B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-08-05 CA CA2880113A patent/CA2880113A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-08-05 JP JP2015525850A patent/JP2015524275A/ja active Pending
- 2013-08-05 BR BR112015002511A patent/BR112015002511A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-08-05 EP EP13745101.9A patent/EP2879514A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-08-05 MX MX2015001604A patent/MX2015001604A/es unknown
- 2013-08-06 AR ARP130102799A patent/AR094437A1/es unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3804895A1 (de) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-08-31 | Schaaf Heinz Nahrungsmittel | Verfahren zur entsorgung und/oder aufbereitung von federn und federabfaellen |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
BARONE ET AL: "Composting and biodegradation of thermally processed feather keratin polymer", POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY, BARKING, GB, vol. 92, no. 5, 29 April 2007 (2007-04-29), pages 859 - 867, XP022053102, ISSN: 0141-3910, DOI: 10.1016/J.POLYMDEGRADSTAB.2007.01.030 * |
MARK S. ROH ET AL: "Physical and chemical properties of biobased plastic resins containing chicken feather fibers", HORTICULTURE, ENVIRONMENT AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 53, no. 1, 1 February 2012 (2012-02-01), KOREA, pages 72 - 80, XP055310495, ISSN: 2211-3452, DOI: 10.1007/s13580-012-0117-0 * |
See also references of WO2014023684A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2013301587A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
WO2014023684A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
CN104519752A (zh) | 2015-04-15 |
CA2880113A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
AU2013301587B2 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
BR112015002511A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
MX2015001604A (es) | 2015-05-07 |
JP2015524275A (ja) | 2015-08-24 |
AR094437A1 (es) | 2015-08-05 |
IN2015DN00756A (enrdf_load_html_response) | 2015-07-10 |
RU2015107793A (ru) | 2016-09-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2768568C (en) | Wet food compositions having the characteristics of dry food compositions | |
AU2013301587B2 (en) | Feather based comestible compositions and methods for making such compositions | |
JP6009941B2 (ja) | 見映えの良いチャンクゼリー食品組成物 | |
RU2525577C2 (ru) | Пищевые композиции кусочков в подливе | |
AU2012316679B2 (en) | Chewy food compositions | |
AU2012250020B2 (en) | Palatability enhancing compositions | |
JP5502107B2 (ja) | チャンクゼリー食品組成物 | |
US20150037487A1 (en) | Feather based comestible compositions and methods for making such compositions |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20150128 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20161019 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20170503 |