EP2878743B1 - Assembly for forming a floor covering - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for mounting a floor covering, wall covering or ceiling covering with a substructure and at least one attachable to the substructure by means of at least one locking connection covering element.

In the prior art, the flooring elements, which may be in the form of boards, planks or the like, often screwed onto a substructure made of wood to form a floor covering, wall coverings or ceiling coverings. This is on the one hand consuming. On the other hand, it has the disadvantage that one still sees the screw heads after completion of the assembly. To avoid these problems, it is already known to attach covering elements by means of snap-on connections to the substructure. These snap-in connections such as those in the DE 101 50 889 A1 , in the US 2009/0094925 A1 and also in the WO 2006/011173 A1 are shown in the prior art, a kind of barbs to prevent release of the covering element of the substructure.

In the prior art, the covering elements are usually fastened to the substructure in such a way that an air gap remains free between adjacent covering elements. This has in wood covering elements primarily the task of moisture and temperature-induced swelling and shrinkage of the material to allow. For flooring elements made of other materials such as plastic, appropriate clearance for ventilation or for optical reasons or possibly also to compensate for temperature-related expansions and shrinkages are realized.

The disadvantage of the interstices between the covering elements is that dirt and especially rotting material such as leaves, flowers and the like can fall through these intermediate spaces into the region of the substructure below the covering element or covering elements. Over the years, in the area of the substructure under the covering elements, accumulation of soiling and possibly also a decomposition process occurs. To eliminate these unwanted deposits, it is often necessary in the prior art to remove the entire floor, wall or ceiling covering and then relocate completely new. The material of the former floor, wall or ceiling covering can then be used for this new laying usually no longer or only partially.

The closest prior art in the form of EP 0 149 770 A2 discloses an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1.

The object of the invention is to propose an improvement. This object is achieved with an arrangement according to claim 1.

In an arrangement according to the invention it is provided that the latching connection is designed for removing the covering element of the substructure and for subsequent re-attachment of the covering element to the substructure as non-destructively releasable and re-connectable locking connection. A method according to the invention provides that the substructure and the covering element are components of an arrangement according to the invention and the covering element is fastened to the substructure in a non-destructive manner by means of the latching connection.

In contrast to the above-mentioned prior art, in which it is always trying to form the latching connection so that it can not be solved, the invention thus goes exactly the opposite way. It forms the locking connection so that the covering element non-destructive of the Substructure dissolved again and then connected via the locking connection with the substructure. This makes it possible to remove the covering elements of the substructure by loosening the locking connections to remove the above-mentioned undesirable deposits in the substructure and then connect the covering elements by means of the locking connection with the substructure again. This can be carried out several times, without this resulting in a destruction of the arrangement or latching connection according to the invention. The removal of the unwanted deposits in the substructure can therefore be carried out without subsequently a completely or partially new floor, wall or ceiling covering must be laid. In addition to the fact that arrangements according to the invention can be used both as a floor, wall or ceiling covering in the interior and exterior of a building, but it should also be noted that the arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable for outdoor use for the formation of decking and the like.

The covering elements can basically have a variety of shapes, for example, be plate-like. Particularly preferably, the covering elements are board-shaped or plank-shaped or plank-shaped. This means that their length is preferably much greater than their width and height. The flooring elements can be made of different materials. It may be wood, composite wood, various plastics but also composite materials. Here comes the entire, known in the art for such flooring elements, range of materials in question. The covering element is preferably in any case the part of the arrangement which forms the visible element of the floor covering, the wall covering or the ceiling covering in the completely assembled state. The locking connection could also be referred to as a snap connection. In addition to the fact that the area of the substructure can be cleaned with relatively little effort, the invention also has the general advantage that by means of non-destructively releasable and reconnectable snap-in connections a very simple and rapid, possibly even tool-free mounting of the floor, wall or ceiling covering is possible. Also a replacement of individual Surface elements is easily possible. In principle, the lining elements with different spaces but also without gaps according to the invention can be releasably secured to the substructure.

In the invention, it is provided that the latching connection by pressing the lining element to the substructure in a direction toward the substructure nondestructively engages and disengages nondestructively by lifting the lining element of the substructure in the direction away from the substructure. The pressing as well as the lifting takes place in preferred embodiments in directions parallel to the normal to the substructure.

In the invention it is also provided that the latching connection has at least one latching head and at least one latching receptacle, wherein the latching head engages in the form-locking manner behind at least one undercut of the latching receptacle in the latched state of the latching connection. It can be provided that the latching head and / or the latching receptacle for engaging and / or disengaging the latching connection is elastically deformable or are. The optionally necessary for this elasticity can be realized by appropriate choice of material in the locking head and also in the locking receptacle. But it is also quite possible to provide notches in the locking head and / or in the locking receptacle in order to form or improve the elastic deformability. In order to facilitate the non-destructive engagement and / or disengagement of the latching connections, preferred variants provide that the latching head and / or the latching receptacle have inclined surfaces and / or rounded contours to facilitate latching and / or unlatching of the latching connection. The inclined surfaces are favorably oriented obliquely to the directions in which the covering element is pressed during assembly to the substructure and lifted off during disassembly of the substructure. The same applies to the rounded contours. For this purpose, the person skilled in the art will find various concrete embodiments of inclined surfaces and / or rounded contours which facilitate non-destructive engagement and / or disengagement. Rastkopf and Locking receptacle in the invention preferably have mutually corresponding shapes that allow a non-destructive loosening and connecting the locking connections. For example, it can be provided that the latching head and / or the latching receptacle has at least in some sections at least partially a, preferably circular, rounded and over an angular range of more than 180 ° extending contour or have.

Since the parts of the locking connection located on the covering element are usually located on the rear side of the covering element when the covering element is mounted on the substructure, it is preferably provided that the locking receptacle can be struck as simply as possible with the locking head. For this purpose, preferred variants provide that the latching receptacle is a longitudinally extending groove. Particularly preferred variants of this type then provide that the locking head in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the locking receptacle is shorter than the locking receptacle. Of course, this is also possible the other way round.

The substructure can basically be designed very differently. It can be provided that the locking heads are attached to the substructure and the locking receptacles on the covering element. The reverse variant is just as possible. This of course also applies to all other types of inventively usable, non-destructively releasable and reconnect snap-in connections.

The invention also provides that the substructure has at least one profiled rail in or on which the latching head or the detent receptacle is displaceably arranged along the profiled rail. The rails can be stored on support elements. To perform a leveling and height adjustment, it is particularly preferred that the bearing elements can be assembled from different bearing element parts. It may be plate-shaped components in the bearing element parts or bearing elements. The bearing element parts can be plugged together in the sense of rapid assembly, for example via friction or positive connection elements and / or have a plate-shaped basic shape. At least the top, towards the rail directed bearing element part should have a connecting element, in particular a connecting head, to secure the entire bearing element to the rail. For this purpose, for example, be provided that the rail has one or more undercut grooves into which the connection head can engage positively. The profile rails can be metal, plastic or wooden rails. Preference is given to per se known extruded profiles such as aluminum used as rails. Other metal rails are of course possible. The profile rails may have a rectangular or square shape in cross-section, except for optionally rounded corners and the undercut grooves. The locking heads but also the locking receptacles can be attached to straps, which can be inserted into an undercut groove of the profiles. Such a carrier may have one, two or more locking heads and / or locking receptacles, wherein the carrier can then automatically specify or fix the distance between two adjacent locking heads and / or locking receptacles, which simplifies mounting the lining elements at a constant distance from each other on the substructure ,

Preferred embodiments of the invention provide that a part is arranged on a common carrier of at least two of the latching connections and these parts of the latching connections are spaced apart from one another. The carrier can be integrally formed with the corresponding parts of the locking connections. The parts of the locking connections can also be otherwise secured to the common carrier. The carrier and the parts of the locking connections can be made of plastic, for example. A production in injection molding offers itself. It is preferably provided that the carrier in or on a rail of the substructure, preferably in an undercut groove of the rail, is slidably disposed along the rail or can be. As already explained at the outset, in the case of various lining elements according to the prior art, for example due to moisture or temperature, swelling or shrinkage occurs. This can lead to a change in length and / or width of the covering element itself, but also to a Changing the geometry, in particular the distances between at least two lining elements, come. In the prior art, this can not be compensated in the rule, so it can come to breaking, jumping or bending of the lining elements or the substructure. In order to allow such changes in the length and / or width of a covering element or the lining elements and / or the orientation of the lining elements relative to each other without causing unnecessary stresses, particularly preferred variants of an arrangement according to the invention provide that in the carrier and / or between the carrier and at least one of the parts of the latching connections at least one compensation area is arranged to allow the change of the distance between the parts of the latching connections. The parts of the locking connections may be, for example, latching heads or locking receptacles. The compensation region can be located in a section of the carrier between the parts of the latching connections or also directly between at least one of the parts of at least one of the latching connections and the carrier. For example, the carrier could have two carrier sections mounted so as to be displaceable relative to one another, on which, for example, in each case a part of one of the latching connections is arranged, in particular fixed. It would equally well be possible if a part of at least one of the latching connections is displaceably mounted in or on the carrier. Particularly preferred embodiments of the compensation area provide that it is a material thinning in the carrier. For example, in the compensation area, the carrier may have one or more bending legs which may be connected to one another via bending joints. It can be provided that two bending legs are arranged in a V-shape in the compensation area. The compensation area can be made elastically deformable. But this is not absolutely necessary. It may as well be two slidably mounted to each other sections of the carrier or just the carrier and at least a portion of the latching connections, without these components are elastically deformable.

In particular, in those variants in which the carrier is slidably disposed in or on a rail along the rail, see preferred embodiments in that on the support at least one biasing element, for example in the form of a spring tongue or the like is arranged. With this biasing member, the carrier can press against a rail so that it is displaced only upon overcoming a certain friction along the rail. This can simplify the pre-positioning of the carrier and thus the parts of the locking connections on the substructure during assembly of the lining elements.

A preferred method for compensating for changes in the length and / or width of a covering element and / or in the alignment of at least two covering elements relative to one another in an arrangement according to the invention provides that the distance between the parts of the locking connection is changed in the compensation area.

• Fig. 1 und 2 perspektivische Ansichten von schräg oben und schräg unten auf einen ausgewählt dargestellten Bereich einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung;
• Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht auf diese Anordnung;
• Fig. 4 den Schnitt entlang der Schnittlinie AA aus Fig. 3;
• Fig. 5 bis 8 die Einzelteile dieses ersten Ausführungsbeispiels;
• Fig. 9 und 10 beispielhaft alternative Ausgestaltungsformen und
• Fig. 11 bis 13 eine alternative bevorzugte Ausgestaltungsform eines Trägers mit zwei Rastköpfen.

Further features and details of preferred embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to examples selected by way of example. Show it:

• Fig. 1 and 2 perspective views obliquely from above and obliquely down on a selected area of an inventive arrangement;
• Fig. 3 a side view of this arrangement;
• Fig. 4 the section along the section line AA Fig. 3 ;
• Fig. 5 to 8 the items of this first embodiment;
• FIGS. 9 and 10 exemplary alternative embodiments and
• Fig. 11 to 13 an alternative preferred embodiment of a carrier with two locking heads.

In the Fig. 1 and 2 the overall structure of the first embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention in the form of a floor covering 1 is shown in a small section. It is shown how two shortened covering elements 4 are fastened to the substructure 2 by means of the non-destructively releasable and reconnectable locking connection 3 according to the invention. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the substructure 2 comprises a frame formed from profile rails 13, which is supported on bearing elements 14 constructed in each case in multiple parts. The frame formed from the rails 13 is located by means of the bearing elements 14 on the surface not shown separately here. When using the covering 1 as a wall or ceiling covering on a corresponding building wall or building ceiling, the bearing elements 14 are fixed according to wall or ceiling, for example by screwing or the like. In the case of the profile rails 13, it is preferable, as also realized in the exemplary embodiment shown here, to extruded profiles, for example of aluminum. The rails 13 of this embodiment have undercut grooves 18. In one of these grooves 18 of the connecting head 17 of the bearing member 14 engages to attach the latter to the rail 13. In the opposite undercut groove 18 of the rail 13, the carrier 19, here with two locking heads 7, is inserted. In the first embodiment shown, the locking heads 7 are part of the latching connection. The other part of the latching connection corresponding therewith are the latching receptacles 8, which are integrally formed here as longitudinally extending grooves on the underside of the covering element 4. The locking receptacles 8 could of course be attached as separate parts elsewhere on the covering element 4. As in the exemplary embodiment shown, each covering element 4 has two such locking recesses 8 designed as longitudinally extending grooves. The locking receivers 8 are parallel to each other. Fig. 1 shows the view from diagonally above on the floor covering 1, Fig. 2 the view from diagonally below. The direction 10 of the longitudinal extension of the locking receptacles 8 is in Fig. 2 drawn, as well as the undercuts 9, which of the locking heads 7 in the locked state be underrun. In Fig. 2 can also be seen how the rails 13 are connected to each other by means of the connecting plates 15 to form a corresponding frame. However, the connecting straps 15 may also be angled or straight, depending on the direction in which the profile rails 13 to be joined together are to be aligned relative to one another. In the illustrated embodiment, the engagement of the lining elements 4 takes place with their locking receptacles 8 connected to the substructure 2 locking heads 7 by pressing the lining element 4 to the substructure 2 in the direction 5. The destructive disengagement of the locking connection takes place by lifting the lining element of the substructure 2 in Direction 6. In the preferred embodiment shown, the directions 5 and 6 are normal to the substructure. Of course, other angles are possible here as well.

In Fig. 3 is easy to see how the rail 13 rests on the bearing element 4 and the connection head 17 of the bearing element 14 engages positively in the lower groove of the rail 13. Furthermore, it is easy to see that, as provided in preferred embodiments, the bearing element 14 is constructed in several parts. Specifically, these are a plurality of superimposed, preferably friction or form-fitting interconnected bearing element parts 16, which form the bearing element 14 as a stack. The bearing element parts 16 may, as realized here, have different thicknesses and be provided with corresponding connection means standardized so that you can put together a suitable number and thickness of bearing element parts in a simple manner on site to compensate for unevenness and use at the appropriate location as a bearing element 14 can. In Fig. 3 is also good to see that in the upper undercut groove 18 of the rail 13 of the carrier 19 is located, on which in this embodiment, the locking heads 7 are attached. In principle, the carrier 19 can be designed in one piece with one or more latching heads 7. Just as well, one or more locking receptacles 18 can be located on a support. Again, a one-piece training is possible. In the various embodiments may be, for example, plastic injection molded parts. Of course, carrier and locking head or Rastaufnahme also in several parts, so be composed of several parts, they may for example also be made of metal or wood, as far as the corresponding elastic properties result from it.

The covering element 4 resting on the substructure and here specifically on the rail 13 by means of the latching connection is fastened to the substructure or the profiled rail 13 by means of the latching connection.

Fig. 4 shows the section along the section line AA Fig. 3 , Here again, the multi-part construction of the bearing element 14 is easy to see. In this sectional view, the shape of the locking heads 7 and the corresponding form of the locking receptacles 8 are shown for the first time. In the first embodiment, both latching head 7 and latching receptacle 8 in the cross section shown at least partially a, here circular, rounded contour 12. This extends to form the undercut 9 of the locking receptacle 8 and the corresponding engagement of the locking head 7, each over an angular range of more than 180 °. In order to improve the elasticity in the locking head 7, in the illustrated embodiment, in each case a gap 20 in the locking head 7 is present. This is just one example of one or more such gaps may be present in the locking head 7 and / or in the locking receptacle 8 in order to improve the elasticity of said components.

In the variant shown, a carrier 19, which is inserted here in the groove 18 of the rail 13, two locking heads 7, in which here engage two locking receptacles 8 of a covering element 4. Of course, more than two locking heads 7 or even a single locking head 7 on the support 19 may be present. In the case of two or more locking heads 8 on a support 19, this can be used differently from the embodiment shown here, that two adjacent covering elements 4 are connected to each other by means of a single carrier 19, whereby the distance between the adjacent lining elements 4 then automatically determined is.

With the rounded contour 12 of locking head 7 and locking receptacle 8 and also the total elastic training of these components can be achieved in any case in the embodiment shown here, the non-destructive releasable and reconnectable design of the locking connection 3, as provided by the invention.

Fig. 5 again shows a frontal view of a board-shaped here padding element 4 of the first embodiment. Good to see here again the rounded contour 12 of the locking receptacles 8 and the undercuts. 9

Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of a carrier 19 with two locking heads 7 formed thereon. Fig. 7 shows a perspective view of a portion of the rail 13 of the substructure. 2 Fig. 8 shows the uppermost bearing element part 16 of the bearing element 14 with the connection head 17, which can engage positively in an undercut groove 18 of the rail 13.

On the basis of the Fig. 1 to 8 geschilderten embodiment of an inventive arrangement with non-destructively releasable and reconnect locking connections 3 for attachment of the covering element 4 and the covering elements 4 to the substructure 2, there are of course numerous alternatives. To illustrate this at least, are alternative embodiments in the FIGS. 9 and 10 in one Fig. 4 ajar representation shown.

In Fig. 9 a variant is shown in which the locking head 7 and the locking receptacle 8 in the sense of a non-destructively releasable and reconnect locking connection 3 not rounded contours 12 but inclined surfaces 11 have. These run obliquely to the directions 5 and 6, in which the pressing on engagement of the latching connection and the lifting take place when disengaging the latching connection. While in the embodiments shown so far, the locking heads 7 are fixed to the substructure 2 and the locking receivers 8 on the covering elements 4, shows Fig. 10 one of many variants in which this is implemented the other way round is. In Fig. 10 are the locking heads 7, here in one piece, attached to the covering element 4, while the locking receptacles 8 are fixed to the support 19 and thus to the substructure 2. In general, it should also be pointed out that, of course, the latching heads 7 can also be designed as components elongated in one direction 10 and the latching receivers 8 can be designed shorter than the latching heads 7 in the direction of this longitudinal extent. As explained at the outset, completely different types of latching connections, eg magnetic connections or the like, can be provided by the corresponding, mutually corresponding components being located on the substructure 2 on the one hand and on the covering element 4 on the other hand.

In the Fig. 11 to 13 is now an alternative embodiment too Fig. 6 a carrier 19 is shown with two parts each having a latching connection 3. These parts of the locking connections 3 are spaced from each other on the common carrier 19, as well as in Fig. 6 the case is. In the concrete example, the parts of the snap-in connections 3 are two latching heads 7. Of course, these can also be replaced by latching receptacles 8 or other parts of suitable latching connections 3. Of course, more than two parts each of a latching connection 3 can be arranged on the common carrier 19. The carrier 19 of the embodiment according to the Fig. 11 to 13 can, as the carrier 19 according to Fig. 6 be arranged slidably in or on a rail 13 of the substructure 2 along the rail 13. For this purpose, it is preferably guided in an undercut groove 18 of the profile rail 13. In contrast to the variant according to Fig. 6 shows the preferred embodiment according to the Fig. 11 to 13 a carrier 19 with a compensation area 21. By means of this compensation area 21, a change in the distance between the parts of the latching connections 3, in this case between the two latching heads 7, is made possible. Equally well, a corresponding compensation region 21 could also be arranged between at least one part of the latching connections 3, that is to say here at least one of the latching heads 7, and the carrier 19. It could be, for example, sliding connections between two sections of the support 19 or between the support 19 and at least one of the parts of the latching connections 3. in the concrete embodiment, the compensation area 21 in the carrier 19 is formed as a material thinning 22. Here, in the concretely shown variant, two bending legs 23 arranged in a V-shape relative to one another are provided, which are connected to one another or to the remainder of the carrier 19 by means of bending joints 24. The compensation region 21 may, but need not, be elastically deformable. Its main objective, as stated, is that a change in the length and / or width of a covering element 4 caused by moisture or temperature, for example, and / or a change in the orientation of at least two covering elements 4 relative to one another by a change in the distance between the at least two parts Rastverbindungen 3 can be compensated. As a result, stresses, cracks or other damage in the lining elements 4 between the lining elements 4 and between the lining elements 4 and the substructure 2 are avoided. The structure of the example of the compensation region 21 realized here is particularly good in the perspective view according to FIG Fig. 11 and in the plan view according to Fig. 12 to see. In the side view according to Fig. 13 one sees particularly well the here on the support 19 provided biasing elements 25. These are formed in the concrete embodiment in the form of spring tongues. These biasing elements bias the carrier 19 in the undercut groove 18 of the rail 13 so that the carrier 19 can be moved together with the respective parts of the locking connections 3 against a certain frictional resistance in the undercut groove 18, which, as already explained, the Assembly of the covering elements 4 on the substructure 2 simplified.

Legend to the reference numbers:

1

Flooring

2

substructure

3

locking connection

4

covering element

5

direction

6

direction

7

Rastkopf

8th

latching receptacle

9

undercut

10

direction

11

sloping surface

12

rounded contour

13

rail

14

bearing element

15

connecting strap

16

Bearing element part

17

connecting head

18

undercut groove

19

carrier

20

gap

21

compensation range

22

material thinning

23

bending leg

24

bending joint

25

biasing member

Claims (12)

1. Arrangement for forming a floor covering (1), wall covering or ceiling covering having a base structure (2) and at least one covering member (4) which is fastened to the base structure (2) by means of at least one latching connection (3), the latching connection (3) taking the form of a non-destructively releasable and re-connectable latching connection (3) to allow the covering member (4) to be removed from the base structure (3) and to allow the covering member (4) subsequently to be re-fastened to the base structure (2), and the latching connection (3) latching-in non-destructively as a result of the covering member (4) being pressed against the base structure (2) in a direction (5) facing towards the base structure (2) and unlatching non-destructively as a result of the covering member (4) being raised from the base structure (2) in a direction (6) facing away from the base structure (2), the latching connection (3) having at least one latching head (7) and at least one receptacle for latching (8) and the latching head (7) fitting positively behind at least one undercut (9) in the receptacle for latching (8) when the latching connection (3) is in the latched-in state, characterised in that the base structure (2) has at least one profiled rail (13), in or on which the latching head (7) or the receptacle for latching (8) is arranged to be displaceable along said profiled rail (13).
2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the receptacle for latching (8) is an elongated groove.
3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterised in that the latching head (7) is shorter than the receptacle for latching (8) in the direction defined by the longitudinal extent of the receptacle for latching (8).
4. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the latching head (7) and/or the receptacle for latching (8) have inclined faces (11) and/or rounded outlines (12) to facilitate the latching-in and/or the unlatching of the latching connection (3).
5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the latching head (7) and/or the receptacle for latching (8) are elastically deformable to allow the latching connection (3) to be latched-in and/or unlatched.
6. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the latching head (7) and/or the receptacle for latching (8) have, in at least one cross-section and in at least a region or regions, an outline (12) which is rounded, preferably in a part-circle, and which extends over an angular range of more than 180°.
7. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that a part (7, 8) of each of at least two of the latching connections (3) is arranged on a common support (19) and these parts (7, 8) of the latching connections (3) are spaced away from one another.
8. Arrangement according to claim 7, characterised in that the support (19) is or can be arranged to be displaceable along the profiled rail (13) of the base structure (2), in or on said profiled rail (13), preferably in an undercut groove (18) in the profiled rail (13).
9. Arrangement according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that a compensating region (21) is arranged in the support (19) and/or between the support (19) and at least one of the parts (7, 8) of the latching connections (3) to make it possible for the distance between the parts (7, 8) of the latching connections (3) to be changed.
10. Arrangement according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the parts (7, 8) of the latching connections (3) are latching heads (7) or receptacles for latching (8).
11. Method of compensating for changes in the length and/or width of a covering member (4) and/or in the alignment of at least two covering members (4) relative to one another, in an arrangement according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the distance between the parts (7, 8) of the latching connections (3) is changed in the compensating region (21).
12. Method of installing a floor covering (1), wall covering or ceiling covering having a base structure (2) and at least one covering member (4) which can be fastened to the base structure (2) by means of at least one latching connection (3), characterised in that the base structure (2) and the covering member (4) are component parts of an arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 10 and the covering member (4) is fastened to the base structure (2) by means of the latching connection (3) in a non-destructively releasable manner.

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