Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
  • F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
  • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
  • F25B25/02—Compression-sorption machines, plants, or systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
  • F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
  • F25B40/02—Subcoolers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2327/00—Refrigeration system using an engine for driving a compressor
  • F25B2327/001—Refrigeration system using an engine for driving a compressor of the internal combustion type
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
  • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
  • Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an installation for refrigeration and low-temperature holding of an enclosure, in particular consisting of an isothermal container, of the type in particular arranged on a vehicle for the transport of goods requiring throughout it a maintenance at cold.
• the workload that is imposed on the refrigeration unit consists in a first step, the so-called heating step, of cooling the isothermal container so as to lower its temperature from the ambient temperature to the set temperature and, secondly, secondly, in a second step, the so-called holding step, to keep the latter constant throughout the transport.
• the duration of heating is a handicap element for the user insofar as it forces the user to a prolonged and unprofitable immobilization of his equipment.
• thermochemical cold production systems which are essentially composed of two elements, namely, an evaporator / condenser containing a gas in liquid phase and a reactor containing a reactive salt.
• a thermochemical system operates in two distinct phases, namely a cold production phase and a regeneration phase.
• the gas stored in the evaporator / condenser evaporates, which generates the desired cold production, and this gas in the gaseous phase reacts during a reaction. exothermic, on the reactive salt contained in the reactor.
• the reactor contains a reaction product resulting from the combination of the gas with the reactive salt.
• the regeneration operation therefore consists of releasing this gas by heating the reaction product contained in the reactor and, once released, it is condensed in the evaporator / condenser. As a result, the thermochemical system is again available for a new cold production cycle.
• Patent EP 1 391 238 also discloses a water-zeolite adsorption system in which the condenser of the cooling circuit of an air-conditioning system of a vehicle is cooled, which makes it possible to increase the cooling capacity of the latter. . It is known that such an adsorption system does not make it possible to ensure evaporation below a temperature of 5 ° C., which has the effect of significantly limiting the power of the system, and renders it unsuitable for use. application present, in which one must be able to have a power of the order of 4 kW.
• the object of the present invention is to propose a cold production and maintenance plant which makes it possible to avoid the various aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art and which is able to deliver the aforementioned power.
• the present invention thus relates to an installation for refrigeration and temperature maintenance of an isothermal enclosure comprising:
• a refrigeration unit comprising a compressor driven by a heat engine, a refrigerant circulation circuit, a pressure reducer, a condenser and an evaporator and,
• thermochemical cooling system comprising a tank containing a liquefied gas capable, after evaporation, of combining with a reactive product, consisting of a mixture of a reactive salt and expanded natural graphite, contained in a reactor, this a combination being carried out according to an exothermic thermochemical reaction, the reaction product obtained being able to be regenerated by heating means by releasing said gas following a reverse thermochemical reaction, said cooling system comprising an evaporator and a condenser, characterized in that:
• the evaporator of said cooling system is in thermal contact with the refrigerant circuit of the refrigerating unit upstream of the evaporator thereof,
• the reactor of the cooling system is in thermal contact with heating means using the heat energy dissipated by the heat engine during its operation
• the apparent density of the graphite used is between 100 and 120 kg / m 3 .
• the proportion by weight of the salt in the reactive product is between 50% and 75%
• This thermal contact can advantageously be obtained by means of an exchanger, in particular a heat exchanger of the type liquid / liquid and this exchanger will preferably be constituted by an evaporator of the thermochemical system.
• the reactor may be traversed by a pipe connected to the exhaust of the engine.
• the heating means may also be constituted by the cooling circuit of water or oil of the heat engine.
• the subject of the present invention is also a method of refrigerating and maintaining a temperature of an isothermal chamber essentially comprising two steps, namely a cooling step up to a determined set temperature of this chamber, and a step of maintaining the latter at said setpoint temperature, implementing an installation, comprising:
• a refrigeration unit comprising a compressor driven by a heat engine, a refrigerant circulation circuit, a pressure reducer, a condenser and an evaporator and,
• thermochemical cooling system comprising a tank containing a liquefied gas capable, after evaporation, of combining with a reactive product contained in a reactor, and which consists of a mixture of a reactive salt and expanded natural graphite , the bulk density of the latter being between 100 and 120 kg / m 3 and the proportion by mass of the salt in the reactive product being between 50% and 75%, this combination being carried out according to an exothermic thermochemical reaction, the product obtained reaction being able to be regenerated by heating by releasing said gas following a reverse thermochemical reaction, wherein:
• the refrigerant of the refrigeration unit is cooled before it enters in its evaporator by means of the thermochemical refrigeration system,
• the reaction product is heated by means of the heat released by the heat engine
• FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of the trailer of a semitrailer vehicle equipped with a cooling and temperature maintenance installation according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an installation according to the invention
• FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the refrigeration cycle respectively of a refrigeration unit according to the prior art and of a refrigeration unit according to the invention
• FIG. 1 a trailer 1 of a semi-trailer whose internal volume is a refrigerated container 3, in particular for the transport of perishable goods.
• This trailer 1 is provided with a conventional refrigeration compressor unit 5, shown schematically in detail in FIG.
• This refrigeration unit thus comprises a compressor 7 driven by a diesel engine 8 and which is connected to a refrigerant circuit passing through a condenser 9, an expander 11 and an evaporator 13 which is arranged in the refrigerated container 3.
• the refrigeration plant according to the invention also comprises cooling means which consist of a thermochemical system 15 which, in known manner, comprises a circuit formed successively of a reactor 17, which is arranged outside the container. 3 a solenoid valve 19, a condenser 21, a tank 23 containing a gas in gaseous phase, and an evaporator 25 which are arranged in the container 3.
• cooling means consist of a thermochemical system 15 which, in known manner, comprises a circuit formed successively of a reactor 17, which is arranged outside the container. 3 a solenoid valve 19, a condenser 21, a tank 23 containing a gas in gaseous phase, and an evaporator 25 which are arranged in the container 3.
• the evaporator 25 is in the form of an exchanger which is traversed by a coil 26 whose inlet E1 is connected to the outlet S1 of the condenser 9 of the refrigerating unit 5 and the outlet S2 is connected to the input E2 of the regulator 11 of the latter disposed upstream of the evaporator 13.
• the reactor 17 contains a reactive product which is formed of a mixture of a salt constituted, in the present embodiment of the invention, with manganese chloride, with a matrix binder constituted in the present case. expanded natural graphite.
• the apparent density of the natural graphite used should be between 100 kg / m 3 and 120 kg / m 3 and the proportion by mass of the salt. in the reactive product had to be between 50% and 75%.
• thermochemical reaction This optimizes the heat transfer and the diffusion of the gas in the reactive product.
• the present parameters allow the reactor, on the one hand, to extract more easily the heat of reaction released during the thermochemical reaction and, on the other hand, to absorb and desorb the gas more rapidly, which results in higher evaporated gas flow rates and therefore a greater power of the thermochemical system.
• apparent density is meant the density in which the volume of the expanded natural graphite is that occupied by the graphite itself, to which should be added the volume of the interstices between the different grains of graphite.
• This reactive product is able, during the cold production phase, referred to as the absorption phase, to react with the gas under gas phase coming from the tank 23, in particular ammonia, to generate during a thermochemical reaction. exothermic a reaction product, and measured during a so-called regeneration phase, to restore by heating the reaction product, during a reverse thermochemical reaction, the gas previously absorbed.
• the liquid gas leaving the reservoir 23 generates cold during its expansion in the evaporator 25 and that the gas absorbed by the reactive product generates heat due to the exothermic thermochemical reaction in the reactor 17.
• the cold produced in the evaporator 25 which, according to the invention, is used for rapidly cooling the refrigerant refrigerant upstream of its evaporator 13.
• thermochemical system 15 Before commissioning the isothermal container 3, the temperature of the latter is brought to the nominal value by means of the thermochemical system 15.
• thermochemical system which has the advantage of generating almost instantaneously cold in the exchanger 25 lowers the temperature of the refrigerant refrigerating unit 5 which passes through the coil 26 disposed therein.
• the operating conditions of the refrigerating unit 5 are modified with respect to its usual operation since the temperature of the refrigerant which enters the evaporator 13 and which is usually of the order of 40.degree. is now lowered to a value between -20 ° C and 20 ° C and is preferably of the order of 0 ° C.
• FIG. 3 shows, for comparison, on the one hand, an operating cycle of a refrigeration unit according to the prior state of the art (in dotted lines) in which the refrigerant enters the evaporator 13 at a temperature of 35 ° C, and secondly the same operating cycle of a modified refrigeration unit according to the invention (in solid lines) in which the refrigerant enters the evaporator at a temperature of 0 ° C. . It can be seen from this figure that the lowering of the temperature of the refrigerant liquid upstream of the evaporator 13 has the effect of increasing the evaporation enthalpy ⁇ and, consequently, the cooling power of the installation refrigeration.
• the management system of the refrigeration system stops the operation of the thermochemical system and implements the regeneration step thereof.
• Such a regeneration step consists in heating the reaction product formed in the reactor 17 during the absorption phase, so as to activate the inverse thermochemical reaction during which the gas is released.
• This heating can be provided by various means and in particular by means of an electric heating sleeve surrounding the reactor.
• the exhaust 30 of the heat engine 8 is connected to the reactor 8 with the interposition of a solenoid valve 31 and passes right through the reactor 17.
• the microprocessor keeps the solenoid valve 31 in the closed position and tilts it into the open position during the regeneration phase, which then allows the exhaust gases from the engine 8 to heat up the reaction product contained in the engine. reactor 17 and release the gas entrapped in said product.
• Such a mode of implementation is interesting in that it is particularly simple structure and also allows to achieve a substantial energy saving on the energy spent for the regeneration of the thermochemical system.
• the present invention is thus particularly interesting in various respects.
• thermochemical system It allows firstly, for the same required cold power required, to require a refrigeration unit of a power much lower than that used according to the prior art, to the extent that the power required for the step of temperature is provided by the thermochemical system.
• the power saving achieved is all the more important as the regeneration stage of the thermochemical system is provided "free" by the heat generated by the heat engine of the refrigeration unit during its operation.
• thermochemical system makes it possible to reduce the duration of the temperature-conditioning step of the refrigerated container since the cold provided by the thermochemical system is immediately available and thus saves the user a lot of time during the step warming up.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
• Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
• Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2012
  • 2012-07-17 FR FR1202025A patent/FR2993640B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2013
  • 2013-07-16 JP JP2015522137A patent/JP2015525867A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 2013-07-16 WO PCT/FR2013/000188 patent/WO2014013145A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2013-07-16 BR BR112015001109A patent/BR112015001109A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2013-07-16 US US14/415,427 patent/US9476619B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-07-16 CN CN201380037690.1A patent/CN104471330B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-07-16 CA CA2878646A patent/CA2878646A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-07-16 IN IN3003KON2014 patent/IN2014KN03003A/en unknown
  • 2013-07-16 EP EP13756539.6A patent/EP2875291A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

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