Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C51/002—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C51/04—Combined thermoforming and prestretching, e.g. biaxial stretching
  • B29C51/06—Combined thermoforming and prestretching, e.g. biaxial stretching using pressure difference for prestretching
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C51/10—Forming by pressure difference, e.g. vacuum
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C51/14—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C51/42—Heating or cooling
  • B29C51/421—Heating or cooling of preforms, specially adapted for thermoforming
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F120/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F120/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
  • C08F120/10—Esters
  • C08F120/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
  • C08F120/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
  • C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
  • C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
  • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
  • C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
  • C08L33/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
  • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
  • B29C2791/006—Using vacuum
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
  • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
  • B29C2791/007—Using fluid under pressure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
  • B29C2793/0009—Cutting out
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
  • B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
  • B29C37/0025—Applying surface layers, e.g. coatings, decorative layers, printed layers, to articles during shaping, e.g. in-mould printing
  • B29C37/0028—In-mould coating, e.g. by introducing the coating material into the mould after forming the article
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2033/00—Use of polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof as moulding material
  • B29K2033/04—Polymers of esters
  • B29K2033/12—Polymers of methacrylic acid esters, e.g. PMMA, i.e. polymethylmethacrylate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2069/00—Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
  • B29K2995/0026—Transparent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
  • B29L2031/3052—Windscreens
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/778—Windows
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2201/00—Properties
  • C08L2201/10—Transparent films; Clear coatings; Transparent materials

Definitions

• the invention describes an essential tool of a process in which a visually perfect disk is produced from PMMA semifinished product.
• the present invention relates to a novel Vakuumtiefziehrea, with the PMMA or PC, with economically attractive cycle times transparent plastic moldings can be made with particularly good optical quality.
• the moldings are dimensionally stable during the removal and distortion-free.
• the transparent moldings show no surface defects such as pimples.
• no additives such as grease or cloth are needed, which would have to be applied to the mold in a method according to the prior art.
• PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate
• PC Polymethyl methacrylate
• these are usually optimized for PC and have great disadvantages in the processing of PMMA, especially in larger quantities.
• Large numbers of PC moldings can be produced, for example, by means of injection-compression molding processes. With such an injection compression process, for example, transparent vehicle roofs of an area of approximately 1.5 m 2 can be produced in a 4 to 5 minute cycle.
• the committee is relatively high on PC.
• the processing of PMMA leads to strong turbidity in the product and is therefore not possible. Since, in addition, the investment in a corresponding investment is relatively high, it pays off only annual numbers from at least 10,000 units / year.
• Drapeforming or Kochlegverformung be realized.
• a mold is coated with a fabric and then a plastic blank, e.g. made of PMMA, hung up. After heating in an oven in a temperature range of 1 15 ° to 140 ° C, the blank forms the shape of the tool and can - including cooling time - be removed after about 4 hours. Limiting is the size of the furnace and thus the heat distribution within the furnace. Overall, this process is very gentle and achieves outstanding optical qualities. Due to the high time required, however, the process is only suitable for quantities up to 1000 pieces / year.
• Vacuum forming process Advantages of this process are medium to short cycle times and low product rejects.
• lighting panels for the advertising industry made of PMMA or fridge panels made of polystyrene (PS).
• PS polystyrene
• Object of the present invention against the background of the prior art discussed was thus to provide a new production process for the production of transparent plastic moldings with good optical quality without the use of forming aids such as fats or fabric covers on the mold.
• this process should be able to be operated with short cycle times and a low reject rate or faulty production rate.
• the process should be economical for medium quantities between 1,000 and 100,000 pieces / year. More particularly, it was an object of the present invention to provide a process by means of which transparent plastic moldings can be produced without pimples or other impurities on the surface and at the same time without optically relevant stresses in the polymer matrix.
• the pre-tempering in process step a) can preferably be effected by induction by means of a Variotherm tool, by means of IR radiation or by an electric heating cartridge.
• a further advantage of the invention is that cycle times, irrespective of the size of the component, of less than 10 min, in particular less than 6 min and further optimization under 4 min are feasible.
• the process can be carried out without the use of forming aids such as fats or fabric covers on the mold surface. This in turn contributes to an additional surface quality increase.
• the process according to the invention is carried out with the aid of a single-station vacuum thermoforming machine.
• a single-station vacuum thermoforming machine One differentiates in the
• Multi-station machine or multi-station vacuum thermoforming machine
• Process steps a), b) and c) are each carried out in separate tool parts.
• at least method step a) is spatially separated from the other method steps, while steps b) to d) or at least c) and d) take place in the same tool part.
• the inventive method is basically executable in each of the listed machines.
• both single-station and multi-station tools can have additional attached tool parts, such as a punch and a stacker.
• the transparent plastic is preferably a
• PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate
• PC polycarbonate
• PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
• the PMMA may be pure PMMA or a copolymer of MMA and up to 20% by weight of further comonomers, such as in particular alkyl esters of acrylic acid, as Matricxmaterial.
• the PMMA in addition to the matrix material up to 80 wt% Schlagzähmodifier, preferably to core-shell or core-shell-shell particles have on (meth) acrylate-based.
• the formulation (meth) acrylate here comprises methacrylates, acrylates and in particular mixtures of acrylates and methacrylates.
• the blanks and the moldings produced therefrom according to the invention may contain further additives, such as processing aids,
• the blank is a multilayer blank of transparent plastics. At least one of the layers consists of PMMA or of PC. The further layers can likewise consist of PMMA or PC or of a further plastic, such as PVDF. Furthermore, the molded part can be additionally coated after and / or before removal in process step e).
• a coating before removal is to be understood as meaning that the coating takes place in the tool before or during method step b) or, preferably, during method step c).
• the material for coating can be passed or injected into the mold after the blank has been added.
• the material can be used for
• Coating be submitted as a kind of foil in the tool or previously placed on the blank. Also, the inside of the tool on the surface may have previously been provided with the coating. Furthermore, the blank before feeding be coated in the tool. However, this last variant is less preferred, since this procedure can lead to a non-uniform coating, due to the shaping.
• the coatings may be various coatings well known to those skilled in the art. The following examples are therefore not intended to limit the invention in any way.
• the coating can be a transparent colored layer, for example to realize a tinted pane.
• the coating may contain UV and / or IR absorbers, for example, in the case of automotive glazing to reduce heating of the vehicle interior.
• the coating may be a scratch-resistant and / or an antisoiling coating. Particularly preferred are coatings which fulfill two or more of the listed functions.
• the molding can be further treated.
• the shaped part can be cut and / or polished after removal at the edges.
• a plurality of good parts are cut from a molded part after removal. In this way, the yield of moldings can be multiplied with a single tool.
• a transparent molding produced by means of the method according to the invention is also part of the present invention.
• These uses according to the invention may in particular be a
• the previously printed semi-finished product (for example with Noricryl from Proeil) is converted into a
• Vacuum thermoforming machine for example, T9 Geiss
• Spotlights heat that up
• Substrate For this purpose, quartz glass emitters as well as spotlights of the type Speedium can be used.
• the clamping frame remains slightly opened during the heating process and closes definitively when the substrate has reached a temperature of approx. 1 15 ° C.
• Pre-stretching process to be initiated This is done using positive or negative pressure.
• Crucial here is that the resulting bubble roughly roughly represents the shape of the tool.
• Temperature range between 1 10 ° C and 140 ° C is tempered.
• the machine After a certain holding time, the machine starts to cool the substrate from above with fans, while at the same time the tool is set to a temperature well below the Vicat temperature and thus supports the cooling process on the tool side.
• the demolding operation can be started. Without the cooling by the tool, the high temperature of the tool heats the molded part and loses its shape accuracy during demoulding. After switching off the vacuum, the tool moves back in

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
• Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2013
  • 2013-06-20 EP EP13732420.8A patent/EP2869980A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-06-20 WO PCT/EP2013/062874 patent/WO2014005848A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2013-06-20 SG SG11201500047QA patent/SG11201500047QA/en unknown
  • 2013-06-20 CN CN201380033170.3A patent/CN104395055A/zh active Pending
  • 2013-06-20 JP JP2015518990A patent/JP2015521552A/ja active Pending
  • 2013-06-20 MX MX2014014865A patent/MX2014014865A/es unknown
  • 2013-06-20 RU RU2015103452A patent/RU2015103452A/ru unknown
  • 2013-06-20 US US14/412,477 patent/US20150158237A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-06-20 KR KR20147036873A patent/KR20150034697A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2013-07-01 TW TW102123462A patent/TW201417988A/zh unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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