EP2868502A1 - Rail vehicle with an air-permeable wall for internal ventilation by displacement or source ventilation - Google Patents

Abstract

A rail vehicle having an interior space (200) for passenger transport and a ventilation device for ventilating the interior space (200), the ventilation device having an inlet (203) for introducing supply air (ZL) into the interior and an outlet (205) for discharging exhaust air (AL ), wherein the inlet is formed by a plurality of first openings (203) which are distributed over substantially the entire surface of a first wall (202), and wherein said first wall (202) covers the floor, Ceiling or a side wall of the interior (200) forms. The rail vehicle is characterized in that the outlet is formed by a plurality of second openings (205) which are distributed over substantially the entire surface of a second wall (204), and in that this second wall (204) faces the first wall (202) and forms the bottom, the ceiling or a side wall of the interior (200). Preferred use in driver's cabs or passenger compartments.

Description

• einen Einlass zum Einbringen von Zuluft in den Innenraum; und
• einen Auslass zum Abführen von Abluft aus dem Innenraum,

wobei der Einlass durch eine Vielzahl von ersten Öffnungen gebildet wird, die flächig im Wesentlichen über die gesamte Oberfläche einer ersten Wandung verteilt sind, wobei diese erste Wandung den Boden, die Decke oder eine Seitenwand des Innenraums bildet.The present invention relates to a rail vehicle having an interior for passenger transport and a ventilation device for ventilating the interior, the ventilation device comprising:

• an inlet for introducing supply air into the interior space; and
• an outlet for removing exhaust air from the interior,

wherein the inlet is formed by a plurality of first openings, which are distributed over the surface substantially over the entire surface of a first wall, said first wall forming the bottom, the ceiling or a side wall of the interior.

Such a rail vehicle is from the FIGS. 4 to 6 of the US 2,172,944 known. In this rail vehicle, air is blown over ceiling perforations into the passenger compartment, so that no unpleasant air currents occur in the passenger compartment. How the injected air comes out of the passenger compartment is not described. In the FIG. 1 This document shows a comparable passenger compartment ventilation for a coach. The air blown into the coach is drawn off again via grates located near the ground.

A disadvantage of this type of air take-off are the resulting draft, the considerable noise due to the high extraction speeds, possible short-circuit currents and the system-related lower ventilation efficiency. The documents US 2,329,102 and WO 2012/156272 A1 disclose similar passenger compartment vents with the same drawbacks.

The documents US 2,305,075 and US 2,120,433 reveal ventilation systems for refrigerated trucks. These ventilation devices are designed to cool perishable goods and are not suitable for indoor air conditioning for passenger transport.

Furthermore, the shows FIG. 1 another ventilation device 102, 104 common for interior spaces 100 of rail vehicles. The arrows in FIG FIG. 1 The inlet 102 and the outlet 104 of the ventilation device are each formed by an opening which is located approximately in the middle of a side wall 106, 108 of the interior 100.

• Personen, die sich in der Nähe des Einlasses 102 befinden, sind einem starken Luftstrom aufgrund des kleinflächigen Lufteinlasses ausgesetzt, der deren Wohlbefinden beeinträchtigen kann;
• Der Luftaustausch im Innenraum 100 ist zu langsam und folglich energieaufwändig, was dazu führt, dass die Werte der Lüftungseffektivität meist nur um den Wert 0,5 liegen;
• Die Geräuschentwicklung ist aufgrund der sehr kleinen Lufteinlassquerschnitte bei der Mischlüftung beträchtlich.

This known type of ventilation device, which effects a mixing ventilation, has the following disadvantages in particular:

• Persons who are near the inlet 102 are exposed to a strong flow of air due to the small air inlet that may affect their well-being;
• The air exchange in the interior 100 is too slow and therefore energy-consuming, which means that the values of the ventilation efficiency are usually only around the value 0.5;
• The noise is considerable due to the very small air inlet cross sections in the mixing ventilation.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention, a rail vehicle of the type mentioned in such a way that the above-mentioned disadvantages are overcome.

This object is achieved in that the outlet is formed by a plurality of second openings, which are distributed over the surface substantially over the entire surface of a second wall, and that this second wall is opposite the first wall and the floor, the ceiling or a Sidewall of the interior forms.

By the invention, the air is discharged through a plurality of widely distributed openings from the interior and these outlet openings are arranged opposite the inlet openings, arises in the interior of a broad, flat and straight air flow low speed or low momentum from the air inlet to the air outlet. The low speed and the areal distribution on the one hand ensure lower energy consumption during ventilation and on the other hand a pleasant indoor climate for people (passengers and train drivers). In addition, because of the low speed, the noise is lower than in the conventional mixing ventilation.

Thanks to the inlet according to the invention, when the interior is ventilated, a supply air layer is formed over the wall, which layer then moves through the interior and displaces the air present therefrom out of the interior. In this way, the air in the interior is replaced quickly and more effectively than in the mixing ventilation. For very small pulses, even the effect of the source ventilation can be exploited. That is, the air is heated by the natural convection of the internal thermal loads such as persons present, and finally moved.

For a detailed explanation of the exhaust ventilation refer to the article " Source Ventilation and its Applications "by Dr.-Ing. Franc Sodec, published in the Issue 2002-2003 of the IHKS-Fach.Journals, available at http://www.ihks-fachjournal.de/ausgabe/2003-2004/page/6A , referenced.

• Die Belüftungseinrichtung umfasst außerdem einen hinter der ersten Wandung befindlichen luftführenden ersten Hohlraum zur Versorgung der ersten Öffnungen mit Zuluft, der sich im Wesentlichen über die gesamte Fläche der ersten Wandung erstreckt;
• Die Belüftungseinrichtung umfasst außerdem einen hinter der zweiten Wandung befindlichen luftführenden zweiten Hohlraum zur Aufnahme der Abluft von den zweiten Öffnungen, der sich im Wesentlichen über die gesamte Fläche der zweiten Wandung erstreckt;
• Die erste und/oder die zweite Wandung weisen/weist zumindest einen Zugang zum ersten bzw. zweiten Hohlraum auf;
• Das Schienenfahrzeug ist ein Triebwagen, ein Personenwagen, eine Lokomotive oder eine Straßenbahn;
• Einen den Innenraum umfassenden Führerstand.

According to preferred embodiments, the rail vehicle according to the invention may additionally have one, several or all of the following features, in all technically possible combinations:

• The ventilation device also includes an air-guiding first cavity located behind the first wall for supplying the first openings with supply air, which extends substantially over the entire surface of the first wall;
• The ventilation device also includes an air-guiding second cavity located behind the second wall for receiving the exhaust air from the second openings, which extends substantially over the entire surface of the second wall;
• The first and / or the second wall have / has at least one access to the first or second cavity;
• The rail vehicle is a railcar, a passenger car, a locomotive or a tram;
• A cab that includes the interior.

The invention likewise relates to a method for operating the ventilation device of the above-defined rail vehicle, characterized in that the supply air is introduced at a speed of less than or equal to 0.2 m / s via the inlet into the interior.

• Die Zuluft wird mit einer Untertemperatur von circa 2 bis 4 Kelvin über den Einlass in den Innenraum eingebracht;
• Die erste Wandung bildet den Boden und die zweite Wandung die Decke des Innenraums, sodass sich beim Einbringen der Zuluft in den Innenraum eine Quelllüftung einstellt.

According to preferred embodiments, the method according to the invention may additionally have one, several or all of the following features, in all technically possible combinations:

• The supply air is introduced at an under temperature of about 2 to 4 Kelvin via the inlet into the interior;
• The first wall forms the floor and the second wall the ceiling of the interior, so that sets a displacement ventilation when introducing the supply air into the interior.

• Die Figur 1 den Innenraum eines Schienenfahrzeugs mit einer bekannten Belüftungseinrichtung zeigt;
• Die Figuren 2 bis 4 verschiedene Ausführungsformen einer erfindungsgemäßen Belüftungseinrichtung für einen Innenraum eines Schienenfahrzeugs zeigen;
• Die Figuren 5 bis 7 verschiedene Ausführungsformen eines erfindungsgemäßen Zugangs zu Hohlräumen der Belüftungseinrichtung zeigen; und
• Die Figur 8 einen Führerstand eines Schienenfahrzeugs mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Belüftungseinrichtung zeigt.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawings, wherein:

• The FIG. 1 shows the interior of a rail vehicle with a known ventilation device;
• The FIGS. 2 to 4 show different embodiments of a ventilation device according to the invention for an interior of a rail vehicle;
• The FIGS. 5 to 7 show various embodiments of an inventive access to cavities of the ventilation device; and
• The FIG. 8 shows a cab of a rail vehicle with a ventilation device according to the invention.

The present invention is concerned with the ventilation of the interior of rail vehicles, such as e.g. Railcars, passenger cars or locomotives.

The basic idea of the invention is to air-condition the interior of a rail vehicle thanks to displacement ventilation, such as a displacement ventilation. The FIGS. 2 to 4 show by way of example various possible embodiments of such displacement ventilation.

In the FIGS. 2 to 4 In each case, a person P receiving the interior 200 of a rail vehicle is shown in cross section. In the interior 200, it may be z. B. act to a passenger compartment or the driver's cab of the driver. The interior 200 is equipped with a ventilation device which has an inlet 203 for introducing supply air into the interior and an outlet 205 for discharging exhaust air from the interior.

The inlet is realized in the form of a multiplicity of first openings 203, which are distributed over substantially the entire surface of a first wall 202, this first wall 202 forming the bottom, the ceiling or a side wall of the interior 200.

The outlet is formed by a multiplicity of second openings 205, which are distributed over the entire area essentially over the entire surface of a second wall 204, this second wall 204 forming the bottom, the ceiling or a side wall of the interior 200. In all three embodiments, the first wall 202 and thus the air inlet 203 lie opposite the second wall 204 and thus opposite the air outlet 205.

The ventilation device also comprises an air-guiding first cavity 206 located behind the first wall 202 for supplying the first openings 203 with supply air ZL, which extends over the entire surface of the first wall 202.

The ventilation device also includes an air-conducting second cavity 208 located behind the second wall 204 for receiving the exhaust air AL from the second openings 205, which extends over the entire surface of the second wall 204.

In the embodiment of the FIG. 2 the first wall 202 forms the bottom of the interior 200 and the second wall 204 forms the ceiling of the interior 200. Thus, the air inlet 203 is formed by a plurality of preferably evenly distributed over the bottom openings. The air outlet 205 is realized in the form of a plurality of openings preferably uniformly distributed over the ceiling.

In the embodiment of the FIG. 3 the first wall 202 forms the ceiling of the interior 200 and the second wall 204 forms the bottom of the interior 200. Thus, the air inlet 203 is formed by a plurality of preferably evenly distributed over the ceiling openings. The air outlet 205 is realized in the form of a plurality of openings which are preferably evenly distributed over the bottom.

In the embodiment of the FIG. 4 The first wall 202 forms a first side wall of the interior space 200. The second wall 204 forms a second side wall of the interior space 200, which is opposite the first side wall. Thus, the air inlet 203 and the air outlet 205 are formed by a plurality of openings preferably uniformly distributed over one of the side walls. The air flow can either flow from left to right or vice versa.

Preferably, the first and / or the second wall 202, 204 at least one access 210 to the first and second cavity 206, 208 on. The FIGS. 5 to 7 show possible embodiments of the entrances 210. Thus, the entrances 210 may be realized, for example, in the form of access doors. Thanks to the entrances 210, the corresponding cavity 206, 208 is easily accessible. Therefore, this can be inspected or cleaned at any time, without having to disassemble consuming panels of the interior. The hygiene requirements from the standards VDI 6022 and VDI 6032 can be realized more easily with the additions 210 than with conventional air duct systems, which are usually located behind panels / coves.

It will now be the operation of the ventilation device according to the invention according to the FIGS. 2 to 4 described. The ventilation device according to the invention generates a displacement ventilation and in particular a displacement ventilation of the interior 200. The corresponding air flow is in the FIGS. 2 to 4 represented by arrows.

First, the air to be introduced into the internal space 200 is brought into the first cavity 206. Then, the air in the cavity 206 in the form of supply air ZL is blown through the air-permeable first wall 202 at low speed and high total volume in the interior space 200. The supply air flow ZL displaces the interior air IL present in the interior 200 in the direction of the outlet 205. The interior air IL then leaves the interior 200 in the form of exhaust air AL through the outlet 205. Thus, the exhaust air AL reaches the second cavity 208 after passing through the second wall 204.

As a result of the displacement flow according to the invention, the ventilation efficiency of the interior 200 can double from 0.5 to 1.0 and thus improve compared to the mixing ventilation previously used.

The measure of "ventilation efficiency" describes how quickly exhausted air is removed from a room. It is defined by the ratio of the pollutant concentration in the exhaust air Ce to the pollutant concentration in the room air Cm: $$\mathrm{ventilation\; efficiency}=\mathrm{Ventilation\; Efficiency}\left(\mathrm{VE}\right)=\left(\mathrm{Ce}/\mathrm{Cm}\right)$$

A source ventilation is preferably generated in the interior 200. This is achieved in that the supply air ZL is supplied to the interior 200 via the inlet 203 at a speed of less than or equal to 0.2 m / s and with an under temperature of 2 to 4 Kelvin. In other words, the supply air ZL is injected at a temperature T _ZL into the interior 200, which is 2 to 4 Kelvin below the current interior temperature T _IL , so that the interior space 200 is cooled. In the interior 200 thereby set vertical density and temperature gradients. The air velocity in the interior 200 itself is then approximately between 0.04 to 0.08 m / s, because the flow is largely generated by the natural buoyancy thermics.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a cab 211 with a ventilation device according to the invention. The air-permeable first wall 202 is formed here as the bottom of the interior 200 of the cab 211. This floor 202 is covered with an air-permeable carpet 212. It can be seen behind the bottom 202, the first cavity 206th

Compared to the known mixing ventilation (or dilution ventilation), the displacement ventilation according to the invention ensures a smooth, swirl-free and distributed over a large area air flow, which is perceived by the people located in the interior of the rail vehicle as very pleasant (increased comfort compared to mixing ventilation). In winter, this air flow causes a uniform distribution of hot air in the interior without overheated areas, as they occur in the mixing ventilation in the vicinity of the inlets, because the supply air is introduced over the entire interior surface of the vehicle. In the summer, the said air flow provides a pleasant cooling without cold draft, as occurs in the mixed ventilation, because the effect of natural convection can be exploited.

Finally, the displacement ventilation according to the invention also has the advantage that it can be used to meet the climate and temperature requirements of the relevant standards (EN 13129, EN 14750 and EN 14813).

Claims (9)

A rail vehicle having an interior space (200) for passenger transport and a ventilation device for ventilating the interior space (200), the ventilation device comprising: - An inlet (203) for introducing supply air (ZL) in the interior; and an outlet (205) for removing exhaust air (AL) from the interior, wherein the inlet is formed by a plurality of first openings (203) distributed over substantially the entire surface of a first wall (202), said first wall (202) defining the floor, ceiling or sidewall of the interior space (203). 200),
characterized in that the outlet is formed by a plurality of second openings (205) which are distributed over substantially the entire surface of a second wall (204), and in that this second wall (204) faces the first wall (202). lies and forms the bottom, the ceiling or a side wall of the interior (200). Rail vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation device further comprises an air-guiding first cavity (206) located behind the first wall (202) for supplying the first openings (203) with supply air extending substantially over the entire surface of the first wall (202). extends. Rail vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ventilation device further comprises a behind the second wall (204) located air-guiding second cavity (208) for receiving the exhaust air from the second openings (205) extending substantially over the entire surface of the second wall (204). Rail vehicle according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the first and / or the second wall at least one access (210) to the first and second cavity / has. Rail vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rail vehicle is a railcar, a passenger car, a locomotive or a tram. Rail vehicle according to one of the preceding claims with an interior (200) comprising the driver's cab (211). Method for operating the ventilation device of the rail vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply air (ZL) at a speed less than or equal to 0.2 m / s via the inlet (203) in the interior (200) is introduced. The method of claim 7, wherein the supply air (ZL) with an under temperature of about 2 to 4 Kelvin via the inlet (203) in the interior (200) is introduced. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the first wall (202) forms the bottom and the second wall (204) the ceiling of the interior (200), so that when introducing the supply air (ZL) in the interior (200) adjusts a displacement ventilation ,

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