EP2859561B1 - Ensemble de varistance - Google Patents

Ensemble de varistance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2859561B1
EP2859561B1 EP13729598.6A EP13729598A EP2859561B1 EP 2859561 B1 EP2859561 B1 EP 2859561B1 EP 13729598 A EP13729598 A EP 13729598A EP 2859561 B1 EP2859561 B1 EP 2859561B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
varistor
ensemble
set forth
var
connection points
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13729598.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2859561A1 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Wosgien
Markus Philipp
Jan-Erik Schmutz
Rainer Durth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2859561A1 publication Critical patent/EP2859561A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2859561B1 publication Critical patent/EP2859561B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
    • H01C1/142—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors the terminals or tapping points being coated on the resistive element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a varistor ensemble.
  • Varistors are known from the prior art. Varistors provide a voltage-dependent resistor in electrical circuits. Varistors are therefore used in a wide variety of applications, typically to derive overvoltages above a certain limit voltage in order to prevent overloading or damage to a subsequent device. An example of such an overvoltage is a voltage that can be caused by lightning.
  • the varistor generally has a granular metal oxide as a material, e.g. zinc oxide and / or bismuth oxide and / or manganese oxide and / or chromium oxide and / or silicon carbide, which is usually sintered between two flat electrodes as supply elements ZL 1 , ZL 2 ) Ceramic is introduced.
  • An exemplary varistor VAR is in Figure 1 shown.
  • the individual grains typically have a different conductivity.
  • Barrier layers form at the respective grain boundaries, ie at the contact points of the grains. It can be seen that with increasing thickness the number of grain boundaries increases and with it the limit stress. If a voltage is applied to the supply elements ZL 1 , ZL 2 , an electric field is formed. Depending on the voltage the barrier layers are now broken down and the resistance drops.
  • both the current distribution and the overcoming of the barrier layers are not a uniform process, but rather local current paths, for example current paths S 1 , S 2 , are formed, which come into the conductive state at different speeds.
  • current paths S 1 , S 2 are formed, which come into the conductive state at different speeds.
  • the current path S 1 conducts faster than the current path S 2 , since a lower voltage (for example 200 V) is to be overcome on the current path S 1 than on the current path S 2 (for example 300 V).
  • a temperature sensor is typically used, which actuates a switch TS when a certain temperature is exceeded. This is exemplary in the Figure 2 shown.
  • temperature sensors can only be used to detect slow events. Rapid heating, as occurs, for example, when a high voltage is applied, leads to a temperature delay at the temperature sensor which is greatly delayed due to the necessary and known slow heat conduction, so that the varistor would normally already be destroyed.
  • the separating power is also generally limited here, ie only low currents can be switched off.
  • Such an energy input can arise, for example, from the fact that an overvoltage occurs over a longer period of time a switching of the varistor VAR leads and now the short-circuit current of the network is derived via the varistor.
  • the varistor VAR heats up considerably and there is a risk of fire.
  • the varistor VAR can be damaged so far that the varistor explodes through explosively.
  • varistors VAR are therefore provided with an upstream fuse element F which is dimensioned such that the maximum pulse current load I m of the varistor VAR can still be derived, but if the maximum pulse current load I m is exceeded, a shutdown is brought about.
  • a high pulse current carrying capacity of the fuse element always goes hand in hand with a high fuse rating. Therefore, in the event of a fault, the (starting) short-circuit current is interrupted relatively late.
  • the aim is to minimize the fuse rating of the upstream fuse element F, but still maintain the maximum surge current resistance.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a contact element for a varistor which avoids one or more of these disadvantages.
  • the invention proposes a novel contact for a varistor VAR, as shown schematically in Figure 3 is shown.
  • This contact has a first lead element ZL 1 , which is suitable for connection to a supply network, and a plurality of electrical connection points V 1 , V 2 , ... V N , which are spaced apart and are suitable for multiple contacting of one pole of the varistor VAR , on.
  • An exemplary arrangement of connection points V 1 , V 2 , ... V N is shown in Figure 4a and 4b shown.
  • the plurality of electrical connection points V 1 , V 2 , ... V N and the first lead element ZL 1 are electrically connected to one another.
  • the multiplicity of electrical connection points V 1 , V 2 ,... V N are each designed with a fuse element F 1 , F 2 ,... F N , so that a local alloying through of a part of the varistor VAR by opening the affected local area electrical connection point (s) is accomplished.
  • An exemplary arrangement of securing elements F 1 , F 2 , ... F N is again in Figure 3 shown.
  • the previously monolithic varistor VAR (represented by a dotted frame) now becomes a virtual parallel connection of partial varistors VAR ' 1 , VAR ' 2 , ... VAR' N.
  • the invention makes the in Figure 1 Isotropy shown to use, which causes that any extension of the current path between the supply elements ZL 1 , ZL 2 leads to a higher voltage drop, ie the resistance also increases, and therefore a current flow with a parallel component, such as via S 2 , is rather low becomes.
  • the virtual parallel connection which the invention provides, is advantageous compared to real parallel connections of varistors, since the partial varistors VAR ' 1 , VAR' 2 ,... VAR ' N of the virtual parallel connection provide a considerably smaller component spread Make available as with conventional and economically reasonable effort with real varistors.
  • a real parallel connection would require significantly more space than the virtual parallel connection. More installation space required is typically perceived as disadvantageous.
  • VAR-F varistor fuse series circuit
  • Figure 2 a varistor fuse series circuit
  • Figure 3 a virtual parallel connection
  • the nominal surge current is distributed to 10 kA per virtual partial varistor VAR ' 1 , VAR' 2 , VAR ' 3 , VAR' 4 and the fuse elements F 1 , F 2 , F 3 , F 4 are chosen accordingly lower, for example to 35 A.
  • FIG. 4 is an exemplary schematic view of a varistor contact and in FIG Figure 4b an exemplary schematic perspective view of a contact of a varistor according to an embodiment of the invention is shown.
  • the actual varistor VAR is located above it and a supply element ZL 1 with five conductors is now located above it.
  • Each of the conductors thus forms one of the aforementioned electrical connection points V 1 , V 2 , V 3 , V 4 , V 5 .
  • each of the conductors forms one of the aforementioned securing elements F 1 , F 2 , ... F 5 .
  • a current distribution also occurs in the case of a pulse current, so that each of the current paths only has to carry a partial pulse current I 1 , I 2 , I 3 , I 4 , I 5 . Therefore, fuse elements F can now be integrated in each of the current paths, which have a lower surge current carrying capacity, the melting integral being generally chosen so that it is only slightly higher than the I 2 t value of the partial pulse, ie that the respective fuse element in is able to carry a partial impulse without destruction.
  • the I 2 t value correlates with the nominal value of the fuse element. Since the I 2 t value now is lower, fuse elements with lower nominal values can be used.
  • the fuse elements are designed such that they each have an I 2 t, which is given by the maximum permissible pulse current load in relation to the varistor section to be contacted.
  • connection point V 2 - is removed from the parallel connection, while the remaining partial areas remain active and protection can thus be provided at least with reduced performance.
  • the performance will only decrease slightly. Approximately, one can assume that the performance depends on the area of the active connection points.
  • a thermal separation TS 1 , TS 2 , TS 3 , TS 4 - as in Figure 3 shown - can be provided on each of the virtual varistors, alternatively or additionally, a common thermal separation can be provided by means of a thermally activatable switch TS.
  • FIG. 5 is shown an exemplary side schematic sectional view of a contact of a varistor VAR according to an embodiment of the invention. It is assumed that the arrangement is in a housing G.
  • the housing G can be designed to be pressure-tight in order to protect other systems from an explosion-like destruction of the varistor that cannot be ruled out.
  • the housing G can also be filled with an extinguishing agent LM.
  • a suitable extinguishing agent is, for example, POM or quartz sand.
  • the electrically insulating extinguishing agent LM surrounds the securing elements F 1 , F 2 , ... F N at least in sections.
  • connection points V 1 , V 2 are connected to the supply element ZL 1 via thin electrical connections. These thin electrical connections can be designed, for example, as fusible conductors and thus fulfill the function of the fuse elements F 1 , F 2 .
  • the securing elements are non-positively and / or cohesively and / or positively fastened between the supply element ZL 1 and the varistor VAR.
  • Figure 8 is different from Figure 6 introduced a kind of prefabricated disc-like matrix M.
  • the matrix M can have, for example, fuse wires F 1 , F 2 , which were produced, for example, in a drawing process and introduced into an insulation matrix.
  • a carrier material P for example a circuit board
  • vias as the matrix M, the vias serving as securing elements F, F 1 , F 2 ,... F N.
  • a connection point V can be assigned to the individual plated-through holes F, ie a first layer can be used for the feed element ZL 1 on a two-layer circuit board P, while the second layer is used to produce the connection points.
  • the individual fuse elements F, F 1 , F 2 , ... F N are formed from spring-like connection points which are electrically conductively but thermally releasably connected to the varistor.
  • the triggering is effected by disconnecting the connection.
  • the embodiments presented can easily be designed as a contact element KE in order to be connected to a varistor VAR.
  • the invention is also embodied in a varistor ensemble which has a varistor VAR and a contacting according to the invention.
  • connection points can be dimensioned differently and can have a different impedance in a corresponding manner.
  • FIG 10 an example of a fir tree-like contact element KE is shown.
  • This has a contact point for the feed element ZL 1 and numerous branches.
  • the individual branches can make contact with the varistor VAR at their end points, whereby the branches themselves can in turn serve as securing element F.
  • Such a contact element KE can be easily produced by stamping.
  • connection points are larger.
  • a contact element KE can be produced, for example, by stamping and bending.
  • a resilient structure can also be generated by bending.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Ensemble de varistor comportant un varistor (VAR) et comportant un contact en monobloc, le varistor comportant une couche de céramique, comportant
    • un premier élément d'alimentation (ZL1), lequel est adapté pour une connexion sur un réseau d'alimentation, et
    • une pluralité de points de connexion électrique (V1, V2, ... VN) séparés, lesquels sont écartés les uns des autres, et laquelle établit un contact physique multiple d'un unique côté de la couche de céramique du varistor (VAR),
    la pluralité de points de connexion électrique (V1, V2, ... VN) et le premier élément d'alimentation (ZL1) étant électriquement connectés l'un à l'autre,
    la pluralité de points de connexion électrique (V1, V2, ... VN) étant respectivement conçue avec des éléments de sécurité (F1, F2, ... FN), de sorte qu'un claquage local d'une partie du varistor (VAR) soit provoqué par une séparation du/des point(s) de connexion électrique (V1, V2, ... VN) local(locaux) concerné(s).
  2. Ensemble de varistor selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la pluralité de points de connexion électrique (V1, V2, ... VN) est placée sur une matière de support.
  3. Ensemble de varistor selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la pluralité de points de connexion électrique (V1, V2, ... VN) est placée à la manière d'une piste conductrice sur une matière de support.
  4. Ensemble de varistor selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'entre un ou plusieurs points de connexion (V1, V2, ... VN) et le premier élément d'alimentation (ZL) est placé respectivement un élément de sécurité (F1, F2, ... FN).
  5. Ensemble de varistor selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (F1, F2, ... FN) comporte un fusible.
  6. Ensemble de varistor selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (F1, F2, ... FN) est entouré au moins par endroits par un agent extincteur (LM) isolant électrique.
  7. Ensemble de varistor selon la revendication 4 ou 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de sécurité (F1, F2, ... FN) est entouré au moins par endroits de POM (LM) ou de sable quartzeux (LM), respectivement en tant qu'agent extincteur isolant électrique.
  8. Ensemble de varistor selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de sécurité (F, F1, F2, ... FN) sont conçus de telle sorte qu'ils présentent respectivement un I2t qui est donné par le courant de choc maximal autorisé rapporté à la surface qui doit être mise en contact.
  9. Ensemble de varistor selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le contact en monobloc et le varistor (VAR) sont placés dans un boîtier (G).
  10. Ensemble de varistor selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le varistor (VAR) et le contact en monobloc sont maintenus en contact mutuel au moyen de la force d'un ressort (D).
  11. Ensemble de varistor selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un point de connexion ou plusieurs points de connexion présentent une autre impédance que d'autres points de connexion (V1, V2, ... VN).
  12. Ensemble de varistor selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de sécurité sont fixés par complémentarité de force et/ou par matière et/ou par complémentarité de forme entre l'élément d'alimentation (ZL1) et le varistor (VAR).
EP13729598.6A 2012-06-06 2013-05-27 Ensemble de varistance Active EP2859561B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012011241A DE102012011241A1 (de) 2012-06-06 2012-06-06 Kontaktelement für einen Varistor
PCT/EP2013/001556 WO2013182276A1 (fr) 2012-06-06 2013-05-27 Élément de contact pour varistor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2859561A1 EP2859561A1 (fr) 2015-04-15
EP2859561B1 true EP2859561B1 (fr) 2020-07-22

Family

ID=48651967

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13729598.6A Active EP2859561B1 (fr) 2012-06-06 2013-05-27 Ensemble de varistance

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9601243B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2859561B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2015524170A (fr)
CN (1) CN104380396B (fr)
DE (1) DE102012011241A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013182276A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012011241A1 (de) * 2012-06-06 2013-12-12 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Kontaktelement für einen Varistor
DE102012022399A1 (de) 2012-11-16 2014-05-22 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Zündkreis
DE102013223648B3 (de) 2013-11-20 2015-01-08 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Multikontaktelement für einen Varistor
DE102014215280B3 (de) * 2014-08-04 2015-09-24 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Kombiniertes Überspannungsschutzgerät mit einer integrierten Funkenstrecke

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10247307B3 (de) * 2002-10-10 2004-01-22 Siemens Ag Fahrzeugbordnetz

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN104380396A (zh) 2015-02-25
EP2859561A1 (fr) 2015-04-15
US20150170803A1 (en) 2015-06-18
DE102012011241A1 (de) 2013-12-12
CN104380396B (zh) 2017-09-22
US9601243B2 (en) 2017-03-21
JP2015524170A (ja) 2015-08-20
WO2013182276A1 (fr) 2013-12-12

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