EP2858799A1 - Multilayer insulation panel - Google Patents

Multilayer insulation panel

Info

Publication number
EP2858799A1
EP2858799A1 EP13728450.1A EP13728450A EP2858799A1 EP 2858799 A1 EP2858799 A1 EP 2858799A1 EP 13728450 A EP13728450 A EP 13728450A EP 2858799 A1 EP2858799 A1 EP 2858799A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
calibrated
hollow
elements
calibrated elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13728450.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christian Martin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ramboo
Original Assignee
Ramboo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ramboo filed Critical Ramboo
Publication of EP2858799A1 publication Critical patent/EP2858799A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
    • E04B2001/745—Vegetal products, e.g. plant stems, barks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8461—Solid slabs or blocks layered
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
    • E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
    • E04B2001/8476—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of building construction. It relates more particularly to a building wall panel, with improved insulating properties.
  • the field of building construction is a very large consumer of cement. It is responsible for large quantities of carbon dioxide emissions produced, as well as energy sources consumed during the manufacture of cement.
  • Alternative materials have been proposed, more in line with sustainable development. For example, wood is more and more used. When it is harvested with systematic planting of young trees for every tree felled, wood is a sustainable material. In addition it allows to obtain lighter constructions than concrete. Nevertheless, wood, although lighter than concrete, remains a heavy material. Moreover, its sustainable exploitation is binding. The growth time of a tree is usually 30 years in our latitudes and more than 60 years in the forests of northern Europe.
  • bamboo rods as a construction beam, or bamboo tubes cut to make panels. Nevertheless, the dimensions of the bamboos harvested are very variable, and the results obtained are not reproducible.
  • GB2 234 935 discloses a multilayer panel composed of solid layers, for example bamboo, and hollow layers composed of pieces obtained by sawing bamboo slices.
  • the hollow hollow layers can lighten the panel without weakening it. Nevertheless the shapes of the pieces are random, and do not allow a voluntary optimization in term of thermal insulation, objective which is not sought in this document.
  • Document DE20 2008 002 337 discloses a multilayer panel composed of solid layers and hollow layers composed of crossed bars. Any solution is proposed for thermal optimization.
  • the present invention seeks to solve at least some of these various disadvantages, and provides a constructive element having a lower weight, better insulation and durability, while having reliable and reproducible characteristics.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a panel and a method of manufacturing a panel, allowing implementation in the building easier, both new building and renovation.
  • the object of the present invention is a multilayer insulation panel comprising at least one solid layer, and a hollow layer consisting of calibrated elements spaced apart so that the sum of the volumes of the calibrated elements of said layer constitutes less than half the volume of said layer.
  • This panel is particular in that it comprises at least two hollow layers separated by a solid layer, and having calibrated parallel and offset elements, thus breaking the thermal bridges constituted by the calibrated elements.
  • said calibrated elements may be machined elements made of bamboo, thus making it possible to have a high-performance and renewable material; said hollow layer may have a thickness of less than 16 mm, which restricts the movement of the air contained in the spaces and thus reduces its overall conductivity, preferably less than 10 mm, which forces the air to immobility , further improving the insulation effect,
  • said solid layer may consist of machined bamboo elements of rectangular section, arranged adjacent to one another, thus making it possible to obtain usable dimensions of panels from available bamboo tubes,
  • said panel may comprise at least two hollow layers separated by a solid layer, one of which has calibrated elements perpendicular to those of the other, thus conferring good mechanical properties on the panel, despite the gaps, said panel may comprise a succession of layers consisting of a solid layer, a first hollow layer, a solid layer, a second hollow layer whose calibrated elements are parallel and offset with respect to the first hollow layer, a solid layer, a third hollow layer whose calibrated elements are perpendicular to the first hollow layer, a penalty layer, and a fourth hollow layer whose calibrated elements are parallel and offset from the third hollow layer, thus providing a high performance structure both in mechanical and thermal characteristics.
  • the present invention finally relates to a method of manufacturing a panel according to the invention and comprising the following steps:
  • This method makes it possible to obtain panels of any size, as desired for a particular need.
  • FIG. 1 represents a part of a panel according to the invention, seen in perspective
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a bamboo tube, with an example of tracing of calibrated elements.
  • the panel 1 As illustrated in figs. the panel 1 according to the invention consists of solid layers 2 and hollow layers 3.
  • the hollow layers comprise calibrated elements 4, preferably made of machined bamboo, leaving between them spaces 5.
  • the elements cal 4 have a rectangular section, 8 mm thick, corresponding to the thickness of the layer, and width about 8 mm also.
  • the spacing is here 16 mm.
  • the sum of the volumes of the calibrated elements constitutes approximately one third of the overall volume of the hollow layer.
  • a panel was tested, with 2 mm thick solid layers consisting of an assembly of calibrated elements of 2 x 20 mm, alternating hollow layers of 8 mm thickness, with calibrated elements of 8 x square pine 8, spaced 16 mm apart.
  • the thermal conductivity was measured less than 0.1 W / m.K., Which is a surprising performance, knowing that the pine has a conductivity of 0.2, and the bamboo of 0.13. Spaces thus contribute significantly to reducing the thermal conductivity, and to obtaining better insulating properties.
  • the hollow layers have calibrated elements of 4 x 4 mm bamboo, and the second hollow layer has calibrated elements offset by 10 mm relative to the first hollow layer. So each calibrated element is centered on the space of the adjacent hollow layer. For such a configuration, it is important that the width of the spaces is greater than the width of the calibrated elements, otherwise the heat always finds a rectilinear way to cross the panel. This condition corresponds substantially to the condition that the sum of the volumes of the calibrated elements is less than half the volume of the hollow layer.
  • the material even if it is bamboo with a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W / m.K, is more conducive than quiet air (0.02 W / m.K).
  • the heat that wants to cross the panel will therefore preferentially pass through the calibrated elements. With such an offset between calibrated elements of two successive hollow layers, the path to be traveled by the heat will be significantly longer, which overall improves the insulation performance of the panel.
  • the next hollow layer has calibrated elements arranged perpendicular to the calibrated elements of the two previous hollow layers. This improves the mechanical performance of the panel.
  • a preferred arrangement of the invention is to establish the following order (see Fig. 1): solid layer, hollow layer A, solid layer, hollow layer B with calibrated elements parallel to those of hollow layer A and offset by one half no calibrated elements, solid layer, hollow layer C with calibrated elements perpendicular to those of hollow layers A and B, solid layer, hollow layer D with calibrated elements parallel to those of hollow layer C and staggered by half a step calibrated elements, solid layer, then again a hollow layer of type A, and so on.
  • a panel has been tested, with such a panel.
  • the thermal conductivity was measured at 0.05 W / mK, which is a surprising performance, given that the bamboo has a conductivity of 0.13.
  • the spaces contribute significantly to reducing the overall thermal conductivity panel, and to obtain better insulating properties.
  • the calibrated elements are preferably machined from bamboo rods. For many bamboo stems, nodes appear regularly spaced along a bamboo stem about two meters. There are therefore tubes 6 about two meters long, more or less regular. For a tube with a diameter of 40 - 50 mm and a thickness of 10 mm, it is possible to machine half a dozen calibrated elements with a cross section of 2 x 20 mm, and as many calibrated elements with a section of 8 x 8 mm, and length about 2 m (see Fig. 2).
  • the present invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a panel according to the invention, said method comprising the following steps:
  • the overall thickness obtained for the panel is 26 mm.
  • Such a thickness can be adapted for a partition between two parts of the same housing, or as an inner lining of a wall, in order to improve its insulation.
  • a second series of hollow layers A, B, C, D which gives a panel with an overall thickness of 50 mm. It is of course possible to continue and obtain the desired thickness, depending on the overall thermal or acoustic insulation performance, or thermal inertia sought, and to produce for example a panel with a thickness of 242 mm with 10 occurrences of hollow layers A, B , C and D.
  • the overall density of such a panel is about half the density of solid bamboo, so of the order of 0.3 - 0.4, which allows to have very light panels, even in large size.
  • Such a panel has a machined bamboo appearance, quite similar to a machined wood appearance, which can constitute a finished surface for an interior or exterior of a building, provided that the treatments required to withstand the humidity, mushrooms, as well as other prescribed or desired resistances. It can also add layers, for example to resist fire.
  • Such a panel makes it easy to hang paintings or accessories that you want to hang on the wall. Indeed for small screws, for example table, two full layers of thickness 2 mm successive enough to hold. For furniture hangings, screws of at least 8 mm must be provided. Indeed, the offsets and crossing of layers make it remain between calibrated elements of hollow layer, maximum of 6 x 6 mm squares. By using screws of at least 8 mm, it is certain to hang at least partially to the calibrated hollow-layer elements, and therefore to give a very good resistance to such a fixation.
  • the advantages of the present invention reside in particular in that it provides a panel with surprising insulating properties, and very light, while being a panel that can constitute a finished wall, without the need or surround it with a mechanical structure, as required by the good known insulators, such as glass or rock wool, or polystyrene, or to apply a top coat.
  • the present invention therefore provides a very important progress for the building industry, to meet the need to build buildings with good insulating performance, with unprecedented ease of implementation.

Abstract

The invention relates to a multilayer insulation panel comprising at least one hollow layer consisting of calibrated elements which are spaced out such that the sum of the volumes of the calibrated elements of said layer constitute less than half the volume of said layer. The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing a panel according to the invention.

Description

Panneau d'isolation multicouche  Multilayer insulation board
La présente invention concerne le domaine de la construction de bâtiments. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un panneau pour mur de bâtiment, aux propriétés isolantes améliorées. The present invention relates to the field of building construction. It relates more particularly to a building wall panel, with improved insulating properties.
Le domaine de la construction de bâtiments est un très gros consommateur de ciment. Il est en cela responsable de grandes quantités d'émission de gaz carbonique produites, ainsi que de sources d'énergie consommées à l'occasion de la fabrication du ciment. Des matériaux alternatifs ont été proposés, plus conformes à un développement durable. Par exemple le bois est de plus en plus utilisé. Quand il est exploité avec plantation systématique de jeunes arbres pour chaque arbre abattu, le bois est un matériau durable. De plus il permet d'obtenir des constructions plus légères que le béton. Néanmoins le bois, quoique plus léger que le béton, reste un matériau lourd. Par ailleurs, son exploitation durable est contraignante. Le temps de pousse d'un arbre est en général de 30 ans sous nos latitudes et de plus de 60 ans dans les forêts du nord de l'Europe. The field of building construction is a very large consumer of cement. It is responsible for large quantities of carbon dioxide emissions produced, as well as energy sources consumed during the manufacture of cement. Alternative materials have been proposed, more in line with sustainable development. For example, wood is more and more used. When it is harvested with systematic planting of young trees for every tree felled, wood is a sustainable material. In addition it allows to obtain lighter constructions than concrete. Nevertheless, wood, although lighter than concrete, remains a heavy material. Moreover, its sustainable exploitation is binding. The growth time of a tree is usually 30 years in our latitudes and more than 60 years in the forests of northern Europe.
Il est connu d'utiliser des tiges de bambou comme poutre de construction, ou des tubes de bambou coupées pour faire des panneaux. Néanmoins les dimensions des bambous récoltés sont très variables, et les résultats obtenus ne sont pas reproductibles. It is known to use bamboo rods as a construction beam, or bamboo tubes cut to make panels. Nevertheless, the dimensions of the bamboos harvested are very variable, and the results obtained are not reproducible.
Le document GB2 234 935 divulgue un panneau multicouche composé de couches pleines, par exemple en bambou, et de couches creuses composées de morceaux obtenus par sciage en tranches de tiges bambou . Les creux des couches creuses permettent d'alléger le panneau sans trop l'affaiblir. Néanmoins les formes des morceaux sont aléatoires, et ne permettent pas une optimisation volontariste en terme d'isolation thermique, objectif qui n'est pas recherché dans ce document. Le document DE20 2008 002 337 divulgue un panneau multicouche composé de couches pleines et de couches creuses composées de barres croisées. Aucune solution n'est proposée pour une optimisation thermique. GB2 234 935 discloses a multilayer panel composed of solid layers, for example bamboo, and hollow layers composed of pieces obtained by sawing bamboo slices. The hollow hollow layers can lighten the panel without weakening it. Nevertheless the shapes of the pieces are random, and do not allow a voluntary optimization in term of thermal insulation, objective which is not sought in this document. Document DE20 2008 002 337 discloses a multilayer panel composed of solid layers and hollow layers composed of crossed bars. Any solution is proposed for thermal optimization.
La présente invention cherche à résoudre au moins une partie de ces divers inconvénients, et propose une élément constructif présentant un poids plus faible, une meilleure isolation et une meilleure durabilité, tout en présentant des caractéristiques fiables et reproductibles. Un autre objet de la présente invention est de proposer un panneau, ainsi qu'une méthode de fabrication d'un panneau, permettant une mise en œuvre dans le bâtiment plus facile, tant en bâtiment neuf qu'en rénovation. The present invention seeks to solve at least some of these various disadvantages, and provides a constructive element having a lower weight, better insulation and durability, while having reliable and reproducible characteristics. Another object of the present invention is to provide a panel and a method of manufacturing a panel, allowing implementation in the building easier, both new building and renovation.
L'objet de la présente invention est un panneau d'isolation multicouche comprenant au moins une couche pleine, et une couche creuse constituée d'éléments calibrés espacés entre eux de sorte que la somme des volumes des éléments calibrés de ladite couche constitue moins de la moitié du volume de ladite couche. Ce panneau est particulier en ce qu'il comprend au moins deux couches creuses séparées par une couche pleine, et présentant des éléments calibrés parallèles et décalés, permettant ainsi de casser les ponts thermiques constitués par les éléments calibrés. The object of the present invention is a multilayer insulation panel comprising at least one solid layer, and a hollow layer consisting of calibrated elements spaced apart so that the sum of the volumes of the calibrated elements of said layer constitutes less than half the volume of said layer. This panel is particular in that it comprises at least two hollow layers separated by a solid layer, and having calibrated parallel and offset elements, thus breaking the thermal bridges constituted by the calibrated elements.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques : According to other characteristics:
- lesdits éléments calibrés peuvent être des éléments usinés en bambou, permettant ainsi de disposer d'un matériau performant et renouvelable ; - ladite couche creuse peut présenter une épaisseur de moins de 16 mm ce qui restreint le mouvement de l'air contenu dans les espaces et réduit ainsi sa conductivité globale, de préférence moins de 10 mm, ce qui contraint l'air à l'immobilité, améliorant encore l'effet d'isolation, said calibrated elements may be machined elements made of bamboo, thus making it possible to have a high-performance and renewable material; said hollow layer may have a thickness of less than 16 mm, which restricts the movement of the air contained in the spaces and thus reduces its overall conductivity, preferably less than 10 mm, which forces the air to immobility , further improving the insulation effect,
- ladite couche pleine peut être constituée d'éléments usinés de bambou de section rectangulaire, disposés adjacents entre eux, permettant ainsi d'obtenir des dimensions utilisables de panneaux à partir de tubes de bambou disponibles, said solid layer may consist of machined bamboo elements of rectangular section, arranged adjacent to one another, thus making it possible to obtain usable dimensions of panels from available bamboo tubes,
- ledit panneau peut comprendre au moins deux couches creuses séparées par une couche pleine, dont l'une présente des éléments calibrés perpendiculaires à ceux de l'autre, conférant ainsi de bonnes propriétés mécaniques au panneau, malgré les espaces, - ledit panneau peut comprendre une succession de couches constituée d'une couche pleine, une première couche creuse, une couche pleine, une deuxième couche creuse dont les éléments calibrés sont parallèles et décalés par rapport à la première couche creuse, une couche pleine, une troisième couche creuse dont les éléments calibrés sont perpendiculaires par rapport à la première couche creuse, une couche peine, et une quatrième couche creuse dont les éléments calibrés sont parallèles et décalés par rapport à la troisième couche creuse, proposant ainsi une structure très performante tant en caractéristiques mécaniques que thermiques. La présente invention concerne enfin un procédé de fabrication d'un panneau selon l'invention et comprenant les étapes suivantes : said panel may comprise at least two hollow layers separated by a solid layer, one of which has calibrated elements perpendicular to those of the other, thus conferring good mechanical properties on the panel, despite the gaps, said panel may comprise a succession of layers consisting of a solid layer, a first hollow layer, a solid layer, a second hollow layer whose calibrated elements are parallel and offset with respect to the first hollow layer, a solid layer, a third hollow layer whose calibrated elements are perpendicular to the first hollow layer, a penalty layer, and a fourth hollow layer whose calibrated elements are parallel and offset from the third hollow layer, thus providing a high performance structure both in mechanical and thermal characteristics. The present invention finally relates to a method of manufacturing a panel according to the invention and comprising the following steps:
collage latéral d'éléments calibrés pour constituer une couche pleine, collage d'éléments calibrés espacés sur ladite couche pleine, pour constituer une couche creuse  lateral bonding of calibrated elements to form a solid layer, bonding spaced calibrated elements on said solid layer, to form a hollow layer
- collage d'une autre couche pleine sur ladite couche creuse. - Bonding another solid layer on said hollow layer.
Ce procédé permet d'obtenir des panneaux de toutes dimensions, tel que souhaité pour un besoin particulier. This method makes it possible to obtain panels of any size, as desired for a particular need.
On peut y ajouter, pour la fabrication des éléments calibrés, les étapes suivantes : découpe de tubes de bambou, The following steps can be added for the manufacture of calibrated elements: cutting of bamboo tubes,
- rabotage sur une face du tube, - planing on one side of the tube,
traçage d'un premier élément calibré, dont l'une des grandes faces correspond à la surface rabotée ci-dessus,  tracing a first calibrated element, one of whose large faces corresponds to the planed surface above,
traçage d'éléments calibrés adjacents.  tracing of adjacent calibrated elements.
découpe approximative de l'enveloppe globale des éléments calibrés tracés, - découpe définitive de chaque élément calibré tracé  rough cut of the overall envelope of the calibrated elements drawn, - final cut of each calibrated element drawn
on peut ensuite recommence l'opération tant qu'il reste assez de matière du tube du tube  we can then start the operation as long as there is enough material tube tube
on peut enfin abouter plusieurs éléments calibrés pour obtenir les longueurs souhaitées pour le panneau à fabriquer. Un tel procédé permet une utilisation optimale de tubes bambou pour fabriquer des panneaux selon l'invention. L'avantage de la présente invention est essentiellement de proposer un panneau présentant une bonne tenue mécanique et une bonne isolation thermique et phonique, tout en utilisant des ressources renouvelables et dont la production est fortement consommatrice de gaz carbonique. D'autres avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description d'un exemple de réalisation et des dessins annexés, dans lesquels : Finally, several calibrated elements can be butted to obtain the desired lengths for the panel to be manufactured. Such a method allows an optimal use of bamboo tubes to manufacture panels according to the invention. The advantage of the present invention is essentially to provide a panel having good mechanical strength and good thermal and sound insulation, while using renewable resources and whose production is heavily carbon dioxide consuming. Other advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description of an exemplary embodiment and the appended drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 représente une partie d'un panneau selon de l'invention, vu en perspective, FIG. 1 represents a part of a panel according to the invention, seen in perspective,
- la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe d'un tube de bambou, avec un exemple de tracé d'éléments calibrés. - Figure 2 shows a sectional view of a bamboo tube, with an example of tracing of calibrated elements.
Comme illustré dans les fig. le panneau 1 selon l'invention est constitué de couches pleines 2 et de couches creuses 3. Les couches creuses comprennent des éléments calibrés 4, de préférence en bambou usiné, laissant entre eux des espaces 5. Dans l'exemple représenté, les éléments cal ibrés 4 présentent une section rectangulaire, d'épaisseur 8 mm, correspondant à l'épaisseur de la couche, et de largeur environ 8 mm également. L'espacement est ici de 16 mm. Dans une telle configuration, la somme des volumes des éléments calibrés constitue environ le tiers du volume global de la couche creuse. Un panneau a été testé, avec des couches pleines d'épaisseur 2 mm constitué d'un assemblage d'éléments calibrés de 2 x 20 mm, alterné de couches creuses d'épaisseur 8 mm, avec des éléments calibrés en pin de carré 8 x 8, espacés de 16 mm. As illustrated in figs. the panel 1 according to the invention consists of solid layers 2 and hollow layers 3. The hollow layers comprise calibrated elements 4, preferably made of machined bamboo, leaving between them spaces 5. In the example shown, the elements cal 4 have a rectangular section, 8 mm thick, corresponding to the thickness of the layer, and width about 8 mm also. The spacing is here 16 mm. In such a configuration, the sum of the volumes of the calibrated elements constitutes approximately one third of the overall volume of the hollow layer. A panel was tested, with 2 mm thick solid layers consisting of an assembly of calibrated elements of 2 x 20 mm, alternating hollow layers of 8 mm thickness, with calibrated elements of 8 x square pine 8, spaced 16 mm apart.
La conductivité thermique à été mesuré inférieure à 0,1 W/m.K., ce qui est une performance surprenante, sachant que le pin présente une conductivité de 0,2, et le bambou de 0,13. Les espaces contribuent donc significativement à réduire la conductivité thermique, et à obtenir de meilleures propriétés isolantes. The thermal conductivity was measured less than 0.1 W / m.K., Which is a surprising performance, knowing that the pine has a conductivity of 0.2, and the bamboo of 0.13. Spaces thus contribute significantly to reducing the thermal conductivity, and to obtaining better insulating properties.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, les couches creuses présentent des éléments calibrés de 4 x 4 mm en bambou, et la deuxième couche creuse présente des éléments calibrés décalés de 10 mm par rapport à la première couche creuse. Ainsi chaque élément calibré se trouve centré sur l'espace de la couche creuse adjacente. Pour une telle configuration, il est important que la largeur des espaces soit plus grande que la largeur des éléments calibrés, sinon la chaleur trouve toujours un chemin rectiligne pour traverser le panneau. Cette condition correspond substantiellement à la condition que la somme des volumes des éléments calibrés soit plus faible que la moitié du volume de la couche creuse. According to a second embodiment, the hollow layers have calibrated elements of 4 x 4 mm bamboo, and the second hollow layer has calibrated elements offset by 10 mm relative to the first hollow layer. So each calibrated element is centered on the space of the adjacent hollow layer. For such a configuration, it is important that the width of the spaces is greater than the width of the calibrated elements, otherwise the heat always finds a rectilinear way to cross the panel. This condition corresponds substantially to the condition that the sum of the volumes of the calibrated elements is less than half the volume of the hollow layer.
Le matériau, même s'il s'agit du bambou avec une conductivité thermique de 0,13 W/m.K, est plus conducteur que l'air calme (0,02 W/m.K). La chaleur qui veut traverser le panneau passera donc préférentiellement par les éléments calibrés. Avec un tel décalage entre éléments calibrés de deux couches creuses successives, le chemin à parcourir par la chaleur sera donc nettement rallongé, ce qui améliore globalement la performance d'isolation du panneau. The material, even if it is bamboo with a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W / m.K, is more conducive than quiet air (0.02 W / m.K). The heat that wants to cross the panel will therefore preferentially pass through the calibrated elements. With such an offset between calibrated elements of two successive hollow layers, the path to be traveled by the heat will be significantly longer, which overall improves the insulation performance of the panel.
La couche creuse suivante présente des éléments calibrés disposés perpendiculaires aux éléments calibrés des deux couches creuses précédentes. Ceci permet d'améliorer les performances mécaniques du panneau. The next hollow layer has calibrated elements arranged perpendicular to the calibrated elements of the two previous hollow layers. This improves the mechanical performance of the panel.
Une disposition préférée de l'invention consiste à établir l'ordre suivant (voir fig. 1 ) : couche pleine, couche creuse A, couche pleine, couche creuse B avec éléments calibrés parallèles à ceux de la couche creuse A et décalés d'un demi pas d'éléments calibrés, couche pleine, couche creuse C avec éléments calibrés perpendiculaires à ceux des couches creuses A et B, couche pleine, couche creuse D avec éléments calibrés parallèles à ceux de la couche creuse C et décalés d'un demi pas d'éléments calibrés, couche pleine, puis de nouveau une couche creuse de type A, et ainsi de suite. A preferred arrangement of the invention is to establish the following order (see Fig. 1): solid layer, hollow layer A, solid layer, hollow layer B with calibrated elements parallel to those of hollow layer A and offset by one half no calibrated elements, solid layer, hollow layer C with calibrated elements perpendicular to those of hollow layers A and B, solid layer, hollow layer D with calibrated elements parallel to those of hollow layer C and staggered by half a step calibrated elements, solid layer, then again a hollow layer of type A, and so on.
En évitant de croiser à chaque couche creuse, on arrive à casser les ponts thermiques toutes les deux couches creuses. By avoiding crossing at each hollow layer, we break the thermal bridges every two hollow layers.
En croisant néanmoins toutes les deux couches creuses, on obtient globalement une structure plus rigide et plus résistante, comparé à un panneau sans croisement de couches creuses. Crossing all the two hollow layers, however, one generally obtains a more rigid and more resistant structure, compared to a panel without intersecting hollow layers.
Un panneau a été testé, avec un tel panneau. La conductivité thermique à été mesuré à 0,05 W/m.K., ce qui est une performance surprenante, sachant que le bambou présente une conductivité de 0,13. On constate là encore que les espaces contribuent significativement à réduire la conductivité thermique globale du panneau, et à obtenir de meilleures propriétés isolantes. A panel has been tested, with such a panel. The thermal conductivity was measured at 0.05 W / mK, which is a surprising performance, given that the bamboo has a conductivity of 0.13. Here again, the spaces contribute significantly to reducing the overall thermal conductivity panel, and to obtain better insulating properties.
Les éléments calibrés sont de préférence usinés à partir de tiges de bambou. Pour beaucoup de tiges de bambou, des nœuds apparaissent régulièrement espacés le long d'une tige de bambou d'environ deux mètres. On dispose donc de tubes 6 d'environ deux mètres de long à peu près réguliers. Pour un tube de diamètre 40 - 50 mm et d'épaisseur 10 mm, on peut usiner une demi douzaine d'éléments calibrés de 2 x 20 mm de section, et autant d'éléments calibrés de 8 x 8 mm de section, et de longueur environ 2 m (voir fig. 2). The calibrated elements are preferably machined from bamboo rods. For many bamboo stems, nodes appear regularly spaced along a bamboo stem about two meters. There are therefore tubes 6 about two meters long, more or less regular. For a tube with a diameter of 40 - 50 mm and a thickness of 10 mm, it is possible to machine half a dozen calibrated elements with a cross section of 2 x 20 mm, and as many calibrated elements with a section of 8 x 8 mm, and length about 2 m (see Fig. 2).
La présente invention concerne encore une méthode de fabrication d'un panneau selon l'invention, ladite méthode comprenant les étapes suivantes : The present invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a panel according to the invention, said method comprising the following steps:
- découpe de tubes de bambou de longueur environ 2 mètres - cut bamboo tubes about 2 meters long
- rabotage sur une face du tube, jusqu'à obtenir une largeur de 20 mm sur toute le longueur - planing on one side of the tube, until a width of 20 mm is achieved along the entire length
- traçage d'un premier élément calibré en bout, dont l'une des grandes faces correspond à la surface rabotée ci-dessus, tracing a first calibrated end element, one of the large faces of which corresponds to the planed surface above,
- traçage d'éléments calibrés adjacents, en tenant compte d'un trait de coupe ou de scie, décalés vers un côté en tournant autour de l'axe du tube, et en tenant compte des imperfections du tube sur sa longueur. On arrivera à deux ou trois, dans certains cas quatre éléments adjacents en tout. - découpe approximative de l'enveloppe globale des éléments calibrés tracés, - tracing of adjacent calibrated elements, taking into account a cutting line or saw, shifted to one side by rotating around the axis of the tube, and taking into account imperfections of the tube along its length. We will arrive at two or three, in some cases four adjacent elements in all. - Approximate cutting of the overall envelope of the calibrated elements drawn,
- découpe définitive de chaque élément calibré tracé - final cut of each calibrated element drawn
- on recommence l'opération avec ce qui reste du tube - we repeat the operation with what remains of the tube
- utilisation des chutes du tube pour couper quelques éléments calibrés de largeur plus faible, par exemple 10 x 2 mm pouvant être collés deux à deux pour reconstituer un élément calibré de 20 x 2, ou alors 8 x 8 ou 4 x 4 pour constituer des éléments calibrés pour couches creuses. use of the drops of the tube to cut some calibrated elements of smaller width, for example 10 × 2 mm that can be glued in pairs to reconstitute a calibrated element of 20 × 2, or 8 × 8 or 4 × 4 to form calibrated elements for hollow layers.
- utilisation des chutes restantes pour entrer dans la constitution de liants pour d'autres applications, - use of the remaining drops to enter the constitution of binders for other applications,
- aboutage d'éléments calibrés pour obtenir les longueurs souhaitées pour le panneau à fabriquer, - collage latéral d'éléments calibrés de 20 x 2 pour constituer des couches pleines, - Fitting of calibrated elements to obtain the desired lengths for the panel to be manufactured, - lateral bonding of calibrated elements of 20 x 2 to form solid layers,
- collage d'éléments calibrés de 8 x 8 ou 4 x 4, espacés de 16 mm sur une couche pleine, pour constituer une couche creuse de type A, - collage d'une deuxième couche pleine sur ladite couche creuse, gluing 8 × 8 or 4 × 4 calibrated elements, spaced 16 mm apart on a solid layer, to form a hollow type A layer; bonding a second solid layer to said hollow layer,
- collage d'une couche creuse de type B, puis d'une couche pleine, puis d'une couche creuse de type C, puis d'une couche pleine, puis d'une couche creuse de type D, puis d'une couche pleine. - Bonding of a hollow layer of type B, then of a solid layer, then of a hollow layer of type C, then of a solid layer, then of a hollow layer of type D, then of a layer full.
L'épaisseur globale obtenue pour le panneau est de 26 mm. Une telle épaisseur peut être adaptée pour une cloison entre deux pièces d'un même logement, ou comme revêtement intérieure d'un mur, en vue de l'amélioration de son isolation. The overall thickness obtained for the panel is 26 mm. Such a thickness can be adapted for a partition between two parts of the same housing, or as an inner lining of a wall, in order to improve its insulation.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, on peut ajouter une deuxième série de couches creuses A, B, C, D, ce qui donne un panneau d'épaisseur globale de 50 mm. On peut bien sûr continuer et obtenir l'épaisseur souhaitée, selon la performance globale d'isolation thermique ou phonique, ou d'inertie thermique recherchées, et réaliser par exemple un panneau d'épaisseur 242 mm avec 10 occurrences de couches creuses A, B, C et D. According to another embodiment, it is possible to add a second series of hollow layers A, B, C, D, which gives a panel with an overall thickness of 50 mm. It is of course possible to continue and obtain the desired thickness, depending on the overall thermal or acoustic insulation performance, or thermal inertia sought, and to produce for example a panel with a thickness of 242 mm with 10 occurrences of hollow layers A, B , C and D.
La densité globale d'un tel panneau est d'environ la moitié de la densité du bambou plein, donc de l'ordre de 0,3 - 0,4, ce qui permet de disposer de panneaux très légers, même en grande dimension. The overall density of such a panel is about half the density of solid bamboo, so of the order of 0.3 - 0.4, which allows to have very light panels, even in large size.
Un tel panneau présente un aspect de bambou usiné, assez proche d'un aspect bois usiné, qui peut constituer une surface finie pour un intérieur ou extérieur de bâtiment, pourvu qu'on y applique les traitements requis pour résister à l'humidité, aux champignons, ainsi que d'autres résistances réglementaires ou souhaitées. On peut aussi y adjoindre des couches compètes, par exemple pour résister au feu. Such a panel has a machined bamboo appearance, quite similar to a machined wood appearance, which can constitute a finished surface for an interior or exterior of a building, provided that the treatments required to withstand the humidity, mushrooms, as well as other prescribed or desired resistances. It can also add layers, for example to resist fire.
Un tel panneau permet sans difficulté l'accrochage de tableaux ou d'accessoires qu'on souhaite accrocher au mur. En effet pour les petites vis, pour tableau par exemple, deux couches pleines d'épaisseur 2 mm successives suffisent à leur tenue. Pour les accrochages de meubles, il faudra prévoir des vis d'au moins 8 mm. En effet les décalages et croisement de couches font qu'il reste entre les éléments calibrés de couche creuse, au maximum des carrés de 6 x 6 mm. En utilisant des vis de 8 mm au minimum, on est certain de s'accrocher au moins partiellement aux éléments calibrés de couche creuse, et donc de donner une très bonne résistance à une telle fixation. Les avantages de la présente invention résident en particulier en ce qu'elle propose un panneau aux propriétés isolantes surprenantes, et très léger, tout en étant un panneau pouvant constituer un mur fini, sans nécessité ni de l'entourer d'une structure mécanique, comme le nécessitent les bons isolants connus, comme la laine de verre ou de roche, ou encore le polystyrène, ni d'y appliquer une couche de finition. La présente invention apporte donc un progrès très important pour l'industrie du bâtiment, pour répondre au besoin de construire des bâtiments aux bonnes performances isolantes, avec une facilité de mise en œuvre sans précédent. Such a panel makes it easy to hang paintings or accessories that you want to hang on the wall. Indeed for small screws, for example table, two full layers of thickness 2 mm successive enough to hold. For furniture hangings, screws of at least 8 mm must be provided. Indeed, the offsets and crossing of layers make it remain between calibrated elements of hollow layer, maximum of 6 x 6 mm squares. By using screws of at least 8 mm, it is certain to hang at least partially to the calibrated hollow-layer elements, and therefore to give a very good resistance to such a fixation. The advantages of the present invention reside in particular in that it provides a panel with surprising insulating properties, and very light, while being a panel that can constitute a finished wall, without the need or surround it with a mechanical structure, as required by the good known insulators, such as glass or rock wool, or polystyrene, or to apply a top coat. The present invention therefore provides a very important progress for the building industry, to meet the need to build buildings with good insulating performance, with unprecedented ease of implementation.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec des structures particulières, elle n'y est nullement limitée et on peut y apporter de nombreuses variantes. Although the invention has been described in connection with particular structures, it is in no way limited and many variations can be made.
Les combinaisons des différentes réalisations représentées sur les dessins ou décrites ci-dessus ne sortent pas du cadre de l'invention. The combinations of the different embodiments shown in the drawings or described above are not outside the scope of the invention.
Les signes de référence insérés après les caractéristiques techniques mentionnées dans les revendications ont pour seul but de faciliter la compréhension de ces dernières et n'en limitent aucunement la portée. The reference signs inserted after the technical features mentioned in the claims are only intended to facilitate the understanding of the latter and in no way limit the scope.

Claims

Revendications claims
Panneau (1 ) d'isolation multicouche, comprenant au moins une couche pleine (2), et une couche creuse (3) constituée d'éléments calibrés (4) espacés entre eux de sorte que la somme des volumes des éléments calibrés de ladite couche constitue moins de la moitié du volume de ladite couche, caractérisé en ce que ledit panneau comprend au moins deux couches creuses (3) séparées par une couche pleine (2), et présentent des éléments calibrés (4) parallèles et décalés. Panel (1) of multilayer insulation, comprising at least one solid layer (2), and a hollow layer (3) consisting of calibrated elements (4) spaced apart from one another so that the sum of the volumes of the calibrated elements of said layer is less than half the volume of said layer, characterized in that said panel comprises at least two hollow layers (3) separated by a solid layer (2), and have calibrated elements (4) parallel and offset.
Panneau selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel lesdits éléments calibrés (4) sont des éléments usinés en bambou. Panel according to the preceding claim, wherein said calibrated elements (4) are machined elements of bamboo.
Panneau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite couche creuse (3) présente une épaisseur de moins de 16 mm, de préférence moins de 10 mm. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said hollow layer (3) has a thickness of less than 16 mm, preferably less than 10 mm.
Panneau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite couche pleine (2) est constituée d'éléments usinés de bambou de section rectangulaire, disposés adjacents entre eux. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said solid layer (2) consists of machined bamboo elements of rectangular section, disposed adjacent to each other.
Panneau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant au moins deux couches creuses (3) séparées par une couche pleine (2), dont l'une présente des éléments calibrés (4) perpendiculaires à ceux de l'autre. Panel according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least two hollow layers (3) separated by a solid layer (2), one of which has calibrated elements (4) perpendicular to those of the other.
Panneau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une suite de couches constituée de : une couche pleine (2), une première couche creuse (A), une couche pleine (2), une deuxième couche creuse (B) dont les éléments calibrés (4) sont parallèles et décalés par rapport à la première couche creuse (A), une couche pleine (2), une troisième couche creuse (C) dont les éléments calibrés (4) sont perpendiculaires par rapport à la première couche creuse (A), une couche peine (2), et une quatrième couche creuse (D) dont les éléments calibrés (4) sont parallèles et décalés par rapport à la troisième couche creuse (C). Procédé de fabrication d'un panneau selon l'une des revendications précédentes, et comprenant les étapes suivantes : Panel according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a series of layers consisting of: a solid layer (2), a first hollow layer (A), a solid layer (2), a second hollow layer (B) whose calibrated elements (4) are parallel and offset from the first hollow layer (A), a solid layer (2), a third hollow layer (C) whose calibrated elements (4) are perpendicular to the first hollow layer (A) ), a penalty layer (2), and a fourth hollow layer (D) whose calibrated elements (4) are parallel and offset with respect to the third hollow layer (C). A method of manufacturing a panel according to one of the preceding claims, and comprising the following steps:
- collage latéral d'éléments calibrés pour constituer une couche pleine, - Lateral bonding of calibrated elements to form a solid layer,
- collage d'éléments calibrés espacés sur ladite couche pleine, pour constituer une couche creuse, - Bonding spaced calibrated elements on said solid layer to form a hollow layer,
- collage d'une autre couche pleine sur ladite couche creuse,  bonding another solid layer on said hollow layer,
- collage d'éléments calibrés espacés, et parallèles et décalés par rapport à ladite couche creuse, sur ladite autre couche pleine, pour constituer une autre couche creuse,  - Bonding calibrated elements spaced apart, and parallel and offset from said hollow layer, on said other solid layer, to form another hollow layer,
- collage d'une autre couche pleine sur ladite autre couche creuse.  - Bonding another solid layer on said other hollow layer.
Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication précédente, et comprenant en outre les étapes suivantes : Manufacturing method according to the preceding claim, and further comprising the following steps:
- découpe de tubes de bambou (6),  - cutting of bamboo tubes (6),
- création d'une surface plane sur une face du tube, par exemple par rabotage,  creating a flat surface on one face of the tube, for example by planing,
- traçage d'un premier élément calibré, dont l'une des grandes faces correspond à ladite surface plane,  - Tracing a first calibrated element, one of the large faces corresponds to said flat surface,
- traçage d'éléments calibrés adjacents au premier élément calibré, tracing of calibrated elements adjacent to the first calibrated element,
- découpe approximative de l'enveloppe globale des éléments calibrés tracés, - Approximate cutting of the overall envelope of the calibrated elements drawn,
- découpe définitive de chaque élément calibré tracé,  final cut of each calibrated element drawn,
- on recommence l'opération tant qu'il reste suffisamment de matière du tube.  - The operation is repeated as long as there is enough material of the tube.
9. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication précédente, et comprenant en outre l'étape d'aboutage d'éléments calibrés pour obtenir les longueurs souhaitées pour le panneau à fabriquer. 9. Manufacturing method according to the preceding claim, and further comprising the step of abutting calibrated elements to obtain the desired lengths for the panel to be manufactured.
EP13728450.1A 2012-05-11 2013-05-10 Multilayer insulation panel Withdrawn EP2858799A1 (en)

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