EP2851123A1 - Hammer crusher grate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hammer crusher grate (10). Such a hammer crusher grate (10) is part of a hammer crusher, also called hammer mill, so a crushing machine, which is used for example for industrial processing of raw materials, but also for shredding recyclable materials (residues).

Description

The invention relates to a hammer crusher grate. Such hammer crusher rust is part of a hammer crusher, also called hammer mill, so a crushing machine, which is used for example for industrial processing of raw materials, but also for the comminution of recyclables (residues).

The central element of such a hammer crusher is a rotor with horizontally arranged shaft and circulating crushing tools (hammers), which act on the material to be shredded. Their comminuting effect is based primarily on the impact and impact stress of the feed material by the hammers articulated on the rotor. Such a hammer crusher is for example from the US 6,371,393 B1 known.

Hammer crushers can have one or more rotors, which are usually arranged centrally in the crusher working space. The following statements relate to the simplicity of a single-shaft hammer crusher (according to US 6,371,393 B1 ), but can also be analogously transferred to hammer crushers with multiple rotors.

The crushed by the hammers Aufgabegut is then grinds on the one hand nachzerkleinert, on the other led out of the machine. At the time of the US 6,371,393 B1 known hammer mill, these are a so-called undersize (below the rotor) and a so-called upper grid (above the rotor).

While the lower grid, following the cylindrical shape of the rotor, is curved, the upper grid, which extends at a distance above the rotor, essentially has the shape of a cuboid.

The prior art and the invention are described below with reference to such a cuboid upper grate, but can be analogously transferred to other geometric shapes of grids.

The top shelf therefore has a rectangular shape in a plan view and is characterized by two outer longitudinal sides and two outer broad sides.

• Durch die ständige Schlagbeanspruchung während des Betriebes und/oder Verunreinigungen kann sich die Position des Oberrostes verändern, so dass der Oberrost am Oberteil der Hammermühle zumindest temporär "anhaftet".
• Als Material für den Oberrost wird häufig Mangan-Hartstahl verwendet, ein Material mit sehr hoher Zähigkeit und Verschleißfestigkeit, allerdings mit dem Nachteil, dass der Werkstoff unter Schlagbeanspruchung "wächst", und zwar insbesondere durch eine verformungsinduzierte Martensitbildung. Dabei kann das Material um bis zu drei Vol.-% "wachsen" (sich ausdehnen).
  Durch dieses Wachsen kann es ebenfalls zu einem Verklemmen des Oberrostes am Oberteil kommen, was unerwünscht ist.
  Die beschriebene Werkstoffeigenschaft von Mangan-Hartstahl hat außerdem den Nachteil, dass durch das Wachsen des Materials mechanische Spannungen in den Rost induziert werden, wenn der Rost innerhalb einer festen Aufnahme angeordnet wird oder insbesondere wenn der Rost selber ortsfest moniert wird.

In the prior art, the upper grate with its outer longitudinal sides and broad sides is loosely on corresponding portions of the housing of the hammer crusher. Since the top grate is a wearing part, it must be replaced regularly. This is at the from the US 6,371,393 B1 hammer mill known the top of the hammer mill opened to provide access to the top grate. It can happen that the top grate is lifted / shifted at least over a certain distance and then falls uncontrollably back into the hammer mill. This has two main causes:

• Due to the constant impact stress during operation and / or contamination, the position of the upper grate may be change so that the top grate at the top of the hammer mill at least temporarily "clings".
• Manganese high carbon steel is often used as the material for the top grate, a material with very high toughness and wear resistance, but with the disadvantage that the material "grows" under impact stress, in particular due to deformation-induced martensite formation. The material can "grow" (expand) by up to three vol.%.
  This growth can also lead to jamming of the upper grate on the upper part, which is undesirable.
  The described material property of manganese-hard steel also has the disadvantage that by the growth of the material mechanical stresses are induced in the rust when the grate is placed within a fixed receptacle or especially when the grate itself is stationary moniert.

• Der Rost soll sicher und formstabil sein.
• Der Rost soll verschleißbeständig sein.
• Mechanische Belastungen des Rostes außerhalb der Schlagbeanspruchung durch das zu zerkleinernde Material sollen weitestgehend vermieden werden.
• Der Rost soll sicher positionierbar und sicher austauschbar sein.

The invention has for its object to overcome these disadvantages and to offer a hammer crusher rust, which has as many of the following properties:

• The rust should be safe and dimensionally stable.
• The rust should be resistant to wear.
• Mechanical loads of the grate outside of the impact stress caused by the material to be shredded should be avoided as much as possible.
• The grate should be securely positionable and safely replaceable.

The invention is based on the following considerations:

The above-described disadvantages of known grates can be avoided if the grate is specially stored in or on the housing of the associated hammer mill.

Basically, it would be sufficient to secure the rectangular grid (in particular at one of its four corner areas) by a fixed bearing and leave so much play between the outer longitudinal sides and broad sides and corresponding housing sections of the hammer crusher so much that the rust in said elongation under impact stress in This space can grow into it, without inducing any mechanical stresses from the housing of the hammer crusher in the rust.

In this embodiment, however, the expansion behavior and in particular the direction of the elongation would be largely uncontrollable. The rust could rotate around the fixed bearing in the grate level, which is undesirable.

The invention therefore proposes an embodiment which, in addition to the aforementioned bearing, provides at least one movable bearing which allows the grate to move in one direction of the coordinate system, but reliably prevents undesired rotation of the grate in the hammer mill. The position (orientation) of the grate is completely preserved within technical tolerances. It is only necessary to ensure that, in addition to the longitudinal and / or broad sides, there is sufficient space available for the grate to grow into these spaces without running aground on stops or abutments.

• Einer Rechteckform in einer Aufsicht,
• zwei äußeren Längsseiten und zwei äußeren Breitseiten,
• einer ersten Einrichtung, die einen Teil eines Festlagers bildet, mit dem der Hammerbrecher-Rost an einem Gehäuse eines zugehörigen Hammerbrechers befestigt werden kann,
• einer zweiten Einrichtung, die einen Teil eines ersten Loslagers bildet, entlang dem der Hammerbrecher-Rost am Gehäuse des Hammerbrechers beweglich in Richtung der Längsseiten oder Breitseiten geführt werden kann.

In its most general embodiment, the invention then relates to a hammer crusher grate having the following features:

• A rectangular shape in a plan,
• two outer longitudinal sides and two outer broad sides,
• a first device, which forms part of a fixed bearing, with which the hammer crusher grate can be fastened to a housing of an associated hammer crusher,
• a second device which forms part of a first movable bearing, along which the hammer crusher grate can be guided on the housing of the hammer crusher movable in the direction of the longitudinal sides or broad sides.

In one embodiment, the upper grate comprises a third device which forms part of a second floating bearing along which the hammer crusher grate can be movably guided on the housing of the hammer crusher in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement that the second device allows.

In other words, the hammer crusher grate is secured and positioned over two or three bearings in the hammer crusher housing. The fixed bearing serves to protect against unintentional loosening. By the fixed bearing is avoided, for example, that the grate is unintentionally moved (raised) when the machine is opened, or the rust is twisted in the storage level.

The one or more floating bearings have the task of ensuring the stress-free growth of the grate in two mutually perpendicular directions within the main surface of the grate.

The fixed bearing does not necessarily have to be free of play. Rather, it will, for example, to facilitate the installation of the grate, allow a certain amount of play within the usual tolerances, for example, a maximum movement of 10 mm in each direction of the coordinate system, alternatively a maximum of 7 mm, a maximum of 5 mm or a maximum of 3 mm.

At least one of these devices can be arranged along an outer longitudinal side or outer broadside. This embodiment is also preferred, although not absolutely necessary, because one or more devices could in principle also be provided, for example, in the middle of the grate.

As illustrated in the following drawing, an embodiment is possible in which all three devices are arranged along the outer longitudinal sides and / or broad sides.

The first device is arranged according to a further embodiment in the end region of a broad side or in the end region of a longitudinal side, for example in the corner region between a broad side and a corresponding longitudinal side.

The second device or the third device are preferably arranged at a distance from the first device, in particular when the linear mobility of the grate made possible by the device is limited in its length. In that regard, the mentioned distance to the first device should correspond for example to at least half of the maximum extent of the corresponding broad side or longitudinal side. This also corresponds to the following description of the figures.

The devices can be designed differently. In principle, in any case, the facilities must cooperate with corresponding facilities, which are provided in particular on the housing of the hammer mill. Typically, a part of the device is a so-called "male part" and the corresponding part is a "female part".

These include tongue and groove configurations as well as "pin / hole" connections, connectors, bayonet locks or the like.

According to a first embodiment, the first device consists of a hole or a pin. If the grate is formed with a hole, an associated pin is provided on the housing, which engages in the hole, so that both take over the fixed bearing function in cooperation.

The term hole / pin includes screws / threaded connections, especially those with "head" to achieve a backup of the grate in the vertical direction.

The second device, the third device or the second and the third device may analogously consist of a longitudinal hole or a pin. The longitudinal hole has the desired orientation in which the grate is to be "movable", whereby during the movement process, the position of the pin within the longitudinal hole shifts analogously.

From the above-described function and operation of the hammer crusher grate with said devices, it follows that the longitudinal hole preferably has a minimum length in the longitudinal direction should correspond to the maximum expected elongation of the hammer crusher grate in this longitudinal direction under operating conditions.

For example, for a manganese high-carbon hammer crusher rust, a typical maximum elongation is three to four vol%. With an extension of a longitudinal side of the grate of 3,000 mm, this corresponds to a longitudinal hole with a minimum length between 90 and 120 mm. Of course, the longitudinal hole may also have a greater length; In that regard, only the maximum extent of the corresponding longitudinal side or broad side gives a constructive limit.

As explained above, the non-locating bearings in the area of the second and third devices have only "guiding function" in order to ensure the tension-free expansion of the rust material in the corresponding direction.

Other features of the invention will become apparent from the features of the claims and the other application documents.

Figur 1:

einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Hammerbrecher mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Hammbrecher-Rost

Figur 2:

eine dreidimensionale Ansicht des Hammerbrecher-Rostes gemäß Figur 2.

Figur 3:

eine Aufsicht des Hammerbrecher-Rostes gemäß Figur 1

Figuren 4a bis c:

verschiedene Ansichten des Oberrostes gemäß Figur 2 im eingebauten Zustand

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment. Show - in a schematic representation -

FIG. 1:

a vertical section through a hammer crusher with a Hammbrecher grate invention

FIG. 2:

a three-dimensional view of the hammer crusher rust according to FIG. 2 ,

FIG. 3:

a view of the hammer crusher rust according to FIG. 1

FIGS. 4a to c:

different views of the top grate according to FIG. 2 in the installed state

The in FIG. 1 dargstellte hammer crusher corresponds generically according to the hammer crusher US 6,371,393 B1 , so that only the most essential parts of the system will be explained below, and otherwise reference is made to the disclosure of the US patent.

The machine consists of three parts, a lower part H1, a middle part H2 and a top part H3. The upper part H3 can be pivoted about a joint G in the direction of arrow P. When the upper part H3 is a top grate 10 of the system accessible, the details of which from the FIGS. 2 to 4 and will be explained in more detail below.

At a distance below the upper grate 10 is a rotor R (not shown) to detect oscillating hammers, so the crushing unit. Below the cylindrical rotor R is a sub-grating U, which runs parallel to a portion of the peripheral surface of the rotor R.

Right above the rotor R is a feed opening Z for the good to be shredded, here: automobile bodies, recognizable.

The invention relates basically only to large-scale industrial plants or their parts.

The top grate 10 according to FIG. 2 has an approximate cuboid shape. In the supervision results a rectangle. The grate has correspondingly two outer longitudinal side L1, L2 and two outer broad sides B1, B2, which frame a grid-like rust structure, which in turn from perpendicular to each other extending webs 12, 14, the grid openings 16 limit. The webs 12 extend at an angle of 20 ° to the Z direction.

As FIG. 2 shows the longitudinal sides L1, L2 consist of two mutually parallel sheets L1.1, L1.2.

In the end region of the longitudinal side L1, in the corner region to the broad side B2, the sheets L1.1, L1.2 are each provided with a circular hole 18.1, 18.2. The holes 18.1, 18.2 are aligned vertically to each other. They form a first device E1, which forms part of a fixed bearing, with which the hammer crusher rust 10 can be attached to a housing GH of the hammer crusher, as the FIGS. 4a to c show and will be explained in more detail below.

In the distance to the holes 18.1, 18.2 are in the sheets L1.1, L1.2 long holes 20.1, 20.2 arranged, and analogous to the holes 18.1, 18.2 vertically aligned. The longitudinal extent of the elongated holes 20.1, 20.2 extends in the Y direction. The elongated holes 20.1, 20.2 form a second device E2 as part of a first floating bearing.

In the end region of the outer longitudinal side L2, as opposed to the holes 18.1, 18.2, two more slots 22.1, 22.2 are arranged in sheets L2.1, L2.2. The longitudinal side L2 is designed analogously to the longitudinal side L1, as can be seen in particular from the FIGS. 4a to c results.

The elongated holes 22.1, 22.2 form a third device as part of a second floating bearing. They are vertically aligned with each other, but their greatest extent they have in the X direction, in particular FIG. 3 shows.

The FIGS. 4a to c show the top grate 10 in the installed state.

For this purpose, the hole 18.2 by means of a screw SC (only symbolically represents) attached to the housing GH of the hammer crusher. Hole 18.2 and screw SC thus form the fixed bearing for fixing the top grate 10 within the hammer crusher.

In the region in which the slot 20.2 of the sheet L1.2 rests on the housing GH, a pin ST1 extends from the housing GH through the slot 20.2 upwards ( Figure 4c ), so that the slot 20.2 and the pin ST1 together form a first floating bearing. This movable bearing allows movement of the upper grate 10 in the Y direction independently of the fixed bearing 18.2 / SC.

An analogue pin arrangement ST2 results in the region of the oblong hole 22.2, wherein pin ST2 and slot 22.2, due to the described orientation, allow mobility of the upper grate 10 in the X direction on the housing GH.

The fixed bearing of screw SC and hole 18.2 ensures that the top grate 10 remains unchanged in its functional position, even if the upper part H3 of the system is opened around the joint G.

The floating bearings (20.2, ST1, 22.2, ST2) ensure that expansions of the material (mangnesite-high-carbon steel) of the upper grate 10 under impact load can be compensated by moving the grate along the elongated holes 20.2, 22.2.

The pins ST1, 2 and the screw SC can through the respective corresponding holes 18.1, 18.2; 20.1, 20.2, 22.1, 22.2 be guided through; Moreover, the holes 18.1, 20.1, 22.1 also serve the simpler installation.

Claims (12)

Hammer crusher rust with the following features: a) a rectangular shape in a supervision, b) two outer longitudinal sides (L1, L2) and two outer broad sides (B1, B2), c) a first device (E1), which forms part of a fixed bearing, with which the hammer crusher grate can be fastened to a housing (GH) of an associated hammer crusher, d) a second device (E2), which forms part of a first floating bearing, along which the hammer crusher grate on the housing (GH) of the hammer crusher are movably guided in the direction of the longitudinal sides (L1, L2) or the broad sides (B1, B2) can. Hammer crusher grate according to claim 1, comprising a third means (E3) forming part of a second floating bearing along which the hammer crusher grate can be guided movably on the housing (GH) of the hammer crusher in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the first floating bearing. Hammer crusher grate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one device (E1, E2, E3) along an outer longitudinal side (L1, L2) or outer broadside (B1, B2) is arranged. Hammer crusher grate according to claim 1 or 2, in which all means (E1, E2, E3) are arranged along the outer longitudinal sides (L1, L2) and broad sides (B1, B2). Hammer crusher grate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein all three devices (E1, E2, E3) along the outer longitudinal sides (L1, L2) or broad sides (B1, B2) is arranged. Hammer crusher grate according to claim 1, in which the first device (E1) is arranged in the end region of a broad side (B1, B2) or in the end region of a longitudinal side (L1, L2). Hammer crusher grate according to claim 1, wherein the first device (E1) in the corner region (L2-B1; B1-L1; L1-B2; B2-L2) of a broad side (B1, B2) with a corresponding longitudinal side (L1, L2) is arranged. Hammer crusher grate according to claim 1 or 2, in which the second device (E2) and / or the third device (E3) are arranged at a distance from the first device (E1) which is at least half of the maximum extent (EB, EL). corresponds to the corresponding broad side (B1, B2) or longitudinal side (L1, L2). Hammer crusher grate according to claim 1, wherein the first means (E1) consists of a hole (18.1, 18.2) or a pin. Hammer crusher grate according to claim 1, wherein the second means (E2), the third means (E3) or the second and the third means (E2, E3) consists of a longitudinal hole (20.1, 20.2; 22.1) or a pin. Hammer crusher grate according to claim 10, in which the longitudinal hole (20.1, 20.2; 22.1) has a minimum length in the longitudinal direction which corresponds to the maximum expected elongation of the hammer crusher grate in this longitudinal direction under operating conditions. Hammer crusher grate according to claim 1 made of manganese chilled cast iron.

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