EP2850249A2 - Method for constructing a railway track - Google Patents

Method for constructing a railway track

Info

Publication number
EP2850249A2
EP2850249A2 EP13727273.8A EP13727273A EP2850249A2 EP 2850249 A2 EP2850249 A2 EP 2850249A2 EP 13727273 A EP13727273 A EP 13727273A EP 2850249 A2 EP2850249 A2 EP 2850249A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
constructing
slab
rail
track
rails
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13727273.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2850249B1 (en
Inventor
Patrick CIRELLI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Europeenne de Travaux Ferroviaires ETF SA
Original Assignee
Europeenne de Travaux Ferroviaires ETF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Europeenne de Travaux Ferroviaires ETF SA filed Critical Europeenne de Travaux Ferroviaires ETF SA
Publication of EP2850249A2 publication Critical patent/EP2850249A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2850249B1 publication Critical patent/EP2850249B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B5/00—Rails; Guard rails; Distance-keeping means for them
    • E01B5/02—Rails
    • E01B5/04—Grooved rails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B21/00—Track superstructure adapted for tramways in paved streets

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the railway field, more particularly in the field of urban rail transport means, including tramway tracks.
  • a tramway in the city is subject to many constraints because the basement is in many places and at various depths occupied by networks.
  • a tramway in the city must be compatible with car traffic in particular, which involves burying the slabs to support the track to be built so that the top of the rails is at ground level. This excavation usually leads, prior to the construction of the road itself, to divert the existing networks. This is a long, extremely costly and time-consuming task.
  • a concrete track slab for example of extruded concrete, of sufficient strength, intended to support the track or the two parallel tracks.
  • the engravures are intended to receive the rails, they have a width slightly greater than the width of the runner of the rails, and a depth slightly greater than the height of the rail.
  • the top of the rails to be located substantially at the upper face of the track slab, it follows that the depth of these engravures and the thickness of this slab are mainly conditioned by the height of the rails. There is therefore a strong interest in using the lowest rails possible.
  • Another advantage of using the lowest possible rails is that the insulating coating products for fastening the rails have a high cost.
  • the document FR 2 816 967 describes the use of a low rail for the construction of a tramway track.
  • Document FR 2 852 978 gives another example of a low rail.
  • These rails, used for the construction of tramway tracks comprise a lower part forming a pad, an intermediate portion forming the core of the rail, and in the upper part a mushroom and a bib, the mushroom and the bib defining a throat between them .
  • the invention proposes to further reduce the depth of the engravures and thus the thickness of the channel slab.
  • a method of constructing a railway which may comprise the steps of:
  • each rail comprising a pad, surmounted by a mushroom and a flap, said mushroom and said flap delimiting between them a groove
  • the method according to the invention uses rails that do not have a core so ultra-low, which allows use of shallower engravures and a slab lane less thick.
  • the height of the rails may be less than or equal to half their width.
  • the height of a rail is defined as the common height of the mushroom and the bib above the base of the pad if they have an identical height or the greatest height in the opposite case, and the width of the rail is defined as that of the rail pad.
  • the method uses rails much lower than the known rails, their height being less than half their width, and preferably between 40 and 50% of this width.
  • the foundation slab is made of concrete, it is possible to make a slab of track whose thickness is between 75% and 90% of the thickness of the foundation slab.
  • the foundation slab is made of bituminous product, it is possible to make a slab of track whose thickness is between 2 and 3 times the thickness of the foundation slab.
  • the bearing capacity of the soil must be at least 50 MPa.
  • the method may comprise the prior step of pouring the foundation slab on a prepared floor.
  • the foundation slab is provided. Otherwise the method comprises the step of producing this slab on a prepared floor.
  • the thickness of the structure composed of the foundation slab and the slab of track may be between 35 and 50 cm.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to gain in overall thickness of the structure, the structure being defined as the assembly consisting of the foundation slab and the track slab. The gain obtained is 15 to 20% in thickness with respect to a method of the state of the art.
  • the track slab can be cast using a roller finisher, a slipform paver or a vibrating rule, depending on the possibilities and constraints of the worksites.
  • a manual implementation can just as easily be used.
  • the method may further comprise the step of performing a surface treatment on said channel tile, such as shot blasting, deactivation or printing.
  • the method may further comprise the step of depositing a thin coating such as a surface coating or resin blocks on the track slab, or of disbursing the slab of track in order to lay pavers or topsoil for planting plants, including sod.
  • a thin coating such as a surface coating or resin blocks on the track slab, or of disbursing the slab of track in order to lay pavers or topsoil for planting plants, including sod.
  • the step of producing the engravures may comprise the steps of:
  • the engravings are milled in the slab of road so that there remains, under the bottom of each engravure, a thickness of concrete superior to the depth of the engravure.
  • An ultra-low, soulless rail will require a shallower engraving that will therefore be performed more quickly.
  • the step of fixing a rail in each engravure may comprise the steps of:
  • One solution to avoid stray currents is to weld rails and embed them in a non-conductive coating, such as a polyurethane resin.
  • This coating also has the advantage, through an elastic load, for example cork or rubber, to filter the noise and vibrations caused by the passage of trains.
  • this coating has a high cost.
  • a soulless rail will require a smaller amount of potting compound.
  • the rail is held and positioned in engravure very precisely, then the coating product is poured around and under the rail. Beforehand, a primer has been deposited on the walls and the bottom of the engravure, as well as on the rail.
  • a template may be used to wedge the rail relative to the bottom and the walls of said engravure.
  • the conventional method of setting the rail is to have shims at the bottom of the engravure, made of a material identical or similar to the coating product.
  • the invention proposes to use a mobile template to very precisely place the two rails at a time, which provides a time saving.
  • the insulating product may be a polyurethane resin, which may comprise an elastic load.
  • the invention also relates to a railway track made using a method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a tramway of the state of the art in cross-section
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B schematically represent two embodiments of a tramway track according to the invention in cross-section
  • FIG. 3 shows a soulless rail used in a tramway according to the invention in cross section.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a state-of-the-art tramway track in cross-section with two rails.
  • the track consists of a foundation slab 2 in concrete, scraped or not, cast on a floor 1; the thickness of this foundation slab depends on two parameters:
  • the intensity of the expected traffic, counted in the passage of axles from 1 1 to 12 tons depending on the rolling stock during the lifetime of the track, is generally as a rule for 30 years.
  • the foundation slab 2 will have a thickness of about 19 cm. If the floor has a bearing capacity of at least 50 MPa, it is also possible to make an asphalt foundation slab. In this case, it will have a smaller thickness, typically about 11 cm.
  • the foundation slab 2 is surmounted by a slab of track 3 whose thickness depends little on the lift of the ground; it will be thicker if the foundation slab is made of bituminous product.
  • the slab of track 3 comprises two longitudinal grooves 4a, 4b, each comprising a rail 10a, 10b, intended to be embedded in a product insulation inside its respective engravure.
  • the product layer between the rail on the one hand and the walls and the bottom of the engravure on the other hand has a thickness of between 1.5 and 2.5 cm.
  • the rails 10a, 10b are adapted to the circulation of trams, that is to say that they are asymmetrical: in addition to the mushroom, whose upper face constitutes the running surface of the rail, they comprise a flap, the mushroom and the bib delimiting between them a gorge. These rails also have a shoe which acts as a support for the rail, the mushroom assembly and bib being connected to the pad by a soul. This soul has a certain vertical extension: these rails typically have a height of about 15 cm. Consequently, the method of constructing the track comprises a step of producing engravings 4a, 4b which are sufficiently deep to receive this type of rail. The thickness of the slab of track 3 is therefore essentially conditioned:
  • the height of the rails used thus significantly determines the overall thickness of the structure composed of the foundation slabs and track.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate a tramway track VI, also comprising two rail tracks, constructed according to the method of the invention, using soulless rails 11a, 11b which will be described in detail below.
  • These rails have a much lower height than the rails of the state of the art, typically about 7 cm. Consequently the engravings 5a, 5b provided to receive these rails may be shallower and the track slab 3 less thick.
  • the upper face 3a of the track slab 3 is in its entirety substantially at the height of the rail head 11a, 11b. This upper face can undergo a surface treatment such as deactivation, shot blasting or printing.
  • the track slab 3 comprises disbursements 4a between the rails, and 4b, 4c on either side of the track VI. These disbursements make it possible to receive paving stones 6 or topsoil.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a cross-section of a coreless groove rail 11 used in the invention.
  • This rail comprises in the lower part a shoe 12 surmounted in the upper part of an assembly comprising a first transverse side a mushroom 13 and the opposite transverse side a flap 14, the mushroom 13 and the flap 14 defining between them an open groove 15 to the top.
  • the pad 12 has a lower flat base 12a on which it rests in use, extended on each side by a transverse protuberance 12b and 12c. The distance between the ends of these transverse extensions of the pad defines the width L of the rail.
  • the mushroom 13 has an upper surface 13a flat or substantially curved, and the flap 14 has an upper surface 14a flat or substantially curved.
  • the upper surface 13a of the mushroom constitutes the running surface of the rail 11 intended to receive the tread of the wheels, the bead of the wheels circulating in the groove 15.
  • the plane P which tangents these upper surfaces 13a and 14a is substantially parallel to the base 12a.
  • the distance between this plane P and the base 12a defines the height H of the rail.
  • the mushroom 13 and the flap 14 have an identical height H.
  • the mushroom 13 and the flap 14 could have a different height; in this case, the height H of the rail is defined as the larger of the two.
  • This rail 11 is characterized by a ratio HL less than 1 ⁇ 2.
  • a rail of this type has for example a height of about 7 cm and a width of about 16 cm, a ratio of 0.4375.
  • This type of grooved rail therefore has no intermediate body between the pad 12 and the assembly consisting of the mushroom 13 and the flap 14 which can be assimilated to a soul:
  • the rail 11 is asymmetrical in the sense that:
  • the mushroom 13 has a transverse dimension much greater than that of the flap 14; in the example cited above, the transverse dimension at mid-height L3 of the mushroom 13 is about 5.75 cm and that L4 of the flap 14 is about 3.1 cm;
  • the walls of the groove 15 are not of the same shape: the wall 15a which constitutes the limit of the mushroom 13 is substantially rectilinear, the wall 15b which constitutes the limit of the flap 14 is curved, so that the throat itself is asymmetrical.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Abstract

The invention also relates to a method for constructing a railway track (V1), comprising the steps consisting in: pouring a track slab (3) on a foundation slab (2); making two parallel longitudinal notches (5a, 5b) in each track, from the upper surface (3a) of the track slab; and securing a rail (11a, 11b) in each notch, each rail comprising a rail base (12) topped with a rail head (13) and a flap (14), said rail head and flap defining therebetween a groove (15), said rails (11a, 11b) not including webs. Advantageously, the height of the rails is less than or equal to half of the width.

Description

PROCEDE DE CONSTRUCTION D'UNE VOIE FERREE.  METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A RAILWAY
La présente invention se situe dans le domaine ferroviaire, plus particulièrement dans le domaine des moyens de transport ferroviaire urbains, notamment des voies de tramway. The present invention is in the railway field, more particularly in the field of urban rail transport means, including tramway tracks.
La construction d'une voie de tramway en ville est soumise à de nombreuses contraintes du fait que le sous-sol est en de nombreux endroits et à des profondeurs variées occupé par des réseaux. Or une voie de tramway en ville doit être compatible avec le trafic automobile notamment, ce qui implique d'enterrer les dalles destinées à supporter la voie à construire pour que le sommet des rails soit au niveau du sol. Cette excavation conduit généralement, en préalable à la construction de la voie proprement dite, à dévier les réseaux existants. Il s'agit là de travaux longs, extrêmement coûteux et qui occasionnent une gêne importante. The construction of a tramway in the city is subject to many constraints because the basement is in many places and at various depths occupied by networks. However, a tramway in the city must be compatible with car traffic in particular, which involves burying the slabs to support the track to be built so that the top of the rails is at ground level. This excavation usually leads, prior to the construction of the road itself, to divert the existing networks. This is a long, extremely costly and time-consuming task.
Il y a donc un avantage important à réduire l'épaisseur de ces dalles sans sacrifier leur résistance de façon à minimiser les travaux de déviation des réseaux.  There is therefore an important advantage in reducing the thickness of these slabs without sacrificing their strength so as to minimize network deflection work.
Un autre problème à résoudre est celui des courants de retour traction. Another problem to be solved is that of the pull back currents.
Les rails étant situés dans le sol, il y a un risque que les courants de retour s'échappent des rails et circulent dans le sol (courants vagabonds), voire dans les réseaux sous jacents, ce qui peut les détériorer par corrosion. Il est donc nécessaire d'assurer à la fois une bonne connexion électrique entre rails, et une bonne isolation électrique des rails par rapport au sol. Il existe différents procédés de construction d'une voie ferrée de tramway, qui débutent tous par le coulage d'une dalle de fondation en béton ou en produits bitumineux (enrobé, grave bitume), d'épaisseur variable selon la portance du sol sous-jacent et du trafic attendu pendant la durée de vie de la voie, compté en nombre de passages d'essieux. Since the rails are located in the ground, there is a risk that the return currents escape from the rails and circulate in the ground (stray currents), or even in the underlying networks, which can damage them by corrosion. It is therefore necessary to ensure both a good electrical connection between rails, and good electrical insulation of the rails relative to the ground. There are different ways to build a tramway railway, all of which start with the pouring of a foundation slab made of concrete or bituminous products (asphalt, heavy bitumen), of variable thickness depending on the bearing capacity of the subsoil. and traffic expected during the life of the track, counted in number of axle transits.
Sur cette dalle de fondation est coulée une dalle de voie en béton, par exemple en béton extrudé, d'une résistance suffisante, destinée à supporter la voie ou les deux voies parallèles.  On this foundation slab is poured a concrete track slab, for example of extruded concrete, of sufficient strength, intended to support the track or the two parallel tracks.
En même temps que le coulage de cette dalle de voie ou ultérieurement, il convient de réaliser dans cette dalle deux gorges par voie, appelées engravures. Les engravures sont prévues pour recevoir les rails, elles ont donc une largeur légèrement supérieure à la largeur du patin des rails, et une profondeur légèrement supérieure à la hauteur du rail. Le sommet des rails devant se situer sensiblement au niveau de la face supérieure de la dalle de voie, il s'ensuit que la profondeur de ces engravures et l'épaisseur de cette dalle sont essentiellement conditionnées par la hauteur des rails. Il y a donc un fort intérêt à utiliser des rails les plus bas possibles.  At the same time as the pouring of this slab of track or later, it is necessary to realize in this slab two grooves per way, called engravures. The engravures are intended to receive the rails, they have a width slightly greater than the width of the runner of the rails, and a depth slightly greater than the height of the rail. The top of the rails to be located substantially at the upper face of the track slab, it follows that the depth of these engravures and the thickness of this slab are mainly conditioned by the height of the rails. There is therefore a strong interest in using the lowest rails possible.
Un autre avantage à utiliser des rails les plus bas possible provient de fait que les produits d'enrobage isolant destinés à fixer les rails ont un coût élevé.  Another advantage of using the lowest possible rails is that the insulating coating products for fastening the rails have a high cost.
Le document FR 2 816 967 décrit l'utilisation d'un rail bas pour la construction d'une voie de tramway. Le document FR 2 852 978 donne un autre exemple de rail bas. Ces rails, utilisés pour la construction de voies de tramway, comportent une partie inférieure formant un patin, une partie intermédiaire formant l'âme du rail, et en partie supérieure un champignon et une bavette, le champignon et la bavette délimitant entre eux une gorge.  The document FR 2 816 967 describes the use of a low rail for the construction of a tramway track. Document FR 2 852 978 gives another example of a low rail. These rails, used for the construction of tramway tracks, comprise a lower part forming a pad, an intermediate portion forming the core of the rail, and in the upper part a mushroom and a bib, the mushroom and the bib defining a throat between them .
L'invention propose de réduire encore la profondeur des engravures et donc l'épaisseur de la dalle de voie. A cet effet, elle propose un procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée, pouvant comporter les étapes consistant à :The invention proposes to further reduce the depth of the engravures and thus the thickness of the channel slab. For this purpose, it proposes a method of constructing a railway, which may comprise the steps of:
- sur une dalle de fondation, couler une dalle de voie, - on a foundation slab, pour a slab of track,
- réaliser deux engravures longitudinales parallèles par voie à partir de la face supérieure de ladite dalle de voie, - fixer un rail dans chaque engravure, chaque rail comprenant un patin, surmonté d'un champignon et d'une bavette, ledit champignon et ladite bavette délimitant entre eux une gorge, performing two parallel longitudinal engravings by way of the upper face of said roadway slab, - Fix a rail in each engravure, each rail comprising a pad, surmounted by a mushroom and a flap, said mushroom and said flap delimiting between them a groove,
dans lequel lesdits rails sont des rails sans âme. wherein said rails are soulless rails.
Le procédé selon l'invention utilise des rails ne comportant pas d'âme donc ultra-bas, ce qui permet d'utiliser des engravures moins profondes et une dalle de voie moins épaisse.  The method according to the invention uses rails that do not have a core so ultra-low, which allows use of shallower engravures and a slab lane less thick.
Avantageusement, la hauteur des rails peut être inférieure ou égale à la moitié de leur largeur.  Advantageously, the height of the rails may be less than or equal to half their width.
Comme il sera détaillé plus bas, la hauteur d'un rail est définie comme la hauteur commune du champignon et de la bavette au-dessus de la base du patin si ces derniers ont une hauteur identique ou la plus grande hauteur dans le cas contraire, et la largeur du rail est définie comme celle du patin du rail.  As will be detailed below, the height of a rail is defined as the common height of the mushroom and the bib above the base of the pad if they have an identical height or the greatest height in the opposite case, and the width of the rail is defined as that of the rail pad.
Le procédé utilise des rails bien plus bas que les rails connus, leur hauteur pouvant être inférieure à la moitié de leur largeur, et de préférence comprise entre 40 et 50 % de cette largeur.  The method uses rails much lower than the known rails, their height being less than half their width, and preferably between 40 and 50% of this width.
Avantageusement, lorsque la dalle de fondation est réalisée en béton, on peut réaliser une dalle de voie dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 75 % et 90 % de l'épaisseur de la dalle de fondation.  Advantageously, when the foundation slab is made of concrete, it is possible to make a slab of track whose thickness is between 75% and 90% of the thickness of the foundation slab.
Alternativement, lorsque la dalle de fondation est réalisée en produit bitumineux, on peut réaliser une dalle de voie dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 2 et 3 fois l'épaisseur de la dalle de fondation.  Alternatively, when the foundation slab is made of bituminous product, it is possible to make a slab of track whose thickness is between 2 and 3 times the thickness of the foundation slab.
Pour construire une dalle de fondation en produit bitumineux, la portance du sol doit être d'au minimum 50 MPa.  To build a foundation slab made of bituminous product, the bearing capacity of the soil must be at least 50 MPa.
Avantageusement, le procédé peut comporter l'étape préalable consistant à couler la dalle de fondation sur un sol préparé.  Advantageously, the method may comprise the prior step of pouring the foundation slab on a prepared floor.
Dans certains cas la dalle de fondation est fournie. Sinon le procédé comporte l'étape de réalisation de cette dalle sur un sol préparé.  In some cases the foundation slab is provided. Otherwise the method comprises the step of producing this slab on a prepared floor.
Avantageusement, l'épaisseur de la structure composée de la dalle de fondation et de la dalle de voie peut être comprise entre 35 et 50 cm. Le procédé selon l'invention permet de gagner en épaisseur globale de structure, la structure étant définie comme l'ensemble constitué de la dalle de fondation et de la dalle de voie. Le gain obtenu est de 15 à 20 % en épaisseur par rapport à un procédé de l'état de l'art. Advantageously, the thickness of the structure composed of the foundation slab and the slab of track may be between 35 and 50 cm. The method according to the invention makes it possible to gain in overall thickness of the structure, the structure being defined as the assembly consisting of the foundation slab and the track slab. The gain obtained is 15 to 20% in thickness with respect to a method of the state of the art.
La dalle de voie peut être coulée en utilisant une finisseuse à rouleau, une machine à coffrage glissant ou une règle vibrante suivant les possibilités et les contraintes des sites de travaux. Une mise en œuvre manuelle peut tout aussi bien être utilisée.  The track slab can be cast using a roller finisher, a slipform paver or a vibrating rule, depending on the possibilities and constraints of the worksites. A manual implementation can just as easily be used.
Avantageusement, le procédé peut comporter en outre l'étape consistant à réaliser un traitement de surface sur ladite dalle de voie, tel que grenaillage, désactivation ou impression.  Advantageously, the method may further comprise the step of performing a surface treatment on said channel tile, such as shot blasting, deactivation or printing.
Ces traitements visent à donner un aspect particulier à la face supérieure de la dalle de voie entre les rails et de part et d'autre de la voie.  These treatments are intended to give a particular appearance to the upper face of the track slab between the rails and on either side of the track.
Alternativement, le procédé peut comporter en outre l'étape consistant à déposer sur la dalle de voie un revêtement mince tel qu'un enduit superficiel ou des pavés de résine, ou bien de procéder à un décaissement de la dalle de voie afin d'y poser des pavés ou de la terre végétale pour la plantation de végétaux, notamment de gazon.  Alternatively, the method may further comprise the step of depositing a thin coating such as a surface coating or resin blocks on the track slab, or of disbursing the slab of track in order to lay pavers or topsoil for planting plants, including sod.
Avantageusement, l'étape de réalisation des engravures peut comporter les étapes consistant à :  Advantageously, the step of producing the engravures may comprise the steps of:
- scier les parois de chaque engravure,  - saw the walls of each engravure,
- fraiser chaque engravure.  - mill each engraving.
On procède par sciage des parois de l'engravure, puis fraisage de l'engravure. Ce procédé présente l'avantage de fournir des engravures aux arrêtes franches, et dont les bords ne s'affaissent pas si un revêtement imprimé est appliqué. D'autre part, si les engravures étaient réalisées avant la prise du béton, le retrait occasionné lors du séchage pourrait provoquer des départs de fissures au niveau des arêtes de l'engravure.  We proceed by sawing the walls of the engraving, then milling the engraving. This method has the advantage of providing engravures with sharp edges, and whose edges do not sag if a printed coating is applied. On the other hand, if the engravures were carried out before the setting of the concrete, the withdrawal occasioned during the drying could cause departures of cracks at the edges of the engravure.
Les engravures sont fraisées dans la dalle de voie de façon qu'il subsiste, sous le fond de chaque engravure, une épaisseur de béton supérieure à la profondeur de l'engravure. Un rail ultra-bas, sans âme, nécessitera une engravure moins profonde qui sera donc plus rapidement réalisée. The engravings are milled in the slab of road so that there remains, under the bottom of each engravure, a thickness of concrete superior to the depth of the engravure. An ultra-low, soulless rail will require a shallower engraving that will therefore be performed more quickly.
Avantageusement, l'étape consistant à fixer un rail dans chaque engravure peut comporter les étapes consistant à :  Advantageously, the step of fixing a rail in each engravure may comprise the steps of:
- installer un rail dans chaque engravure en le calant par rapport au fond et aux parois de ladite engravure,  - install a rail in each engravure by setting it in relation to the bottom and the walls of said engravure,
- couler un produit d'enrobage isolant autour dudit rail.  pouring an insulating coating product around said rail.
Une solution pour éviter les courants vagabonds est de souder les rails et de les noyer dans un enrobage non conducteur, tel qu'une résine à base de polyuréthane. Cet enrobage présente également l'avantage, grâce à une charge élastique, par exemple en liège ou en caoutchouc, de filtrer les bruits et vibrations causés par le passage des trains. Cependant cet enrobage a un coût élevé. Un rail sans âme nécessitera une plus faible quantité de produit d'enrobage.  One solution to avoid stray currents is to weld rails and embed them in a non-conductive coating, such as a polyurethane resin. This coating also has the advantage, through an elastic load, for example cork or rubber, to filter the noise and vibrations caused by the passage of trains. However, this coating has a high cost. A soulless rail will require a smaller amount of potting compound.
Le rail est maintenu et positionné dans engravure de façon très précise, puis le produit d'enrobage est coulé autour et sous le rail. Au préalable, un primaire d'accrochage aura été déposé sur les parois et le fond de l'engravure, ainsi que sur le rail.  The rail is held and positioned in engravure very precisely, then the coating product is poured around and under the rail. Beforehand, a primer has been deposited on the walls and the bottom of the engravure, as well as on the rail.
Avantageusement, on peut utiliser un gabarit pour caler le rail par rapport au fond et aux parois de ladite engravure.  Advantageously, a template may be used to wedge the rail relative to the bottom and the walls of said engravure.
Le procédé classique de calage du rail consiste à disposer des cales au fond de l'engravure, réalisées dans un matériau identique ou semblable au produit d'enrobage. Cependant, l'invention propose d'utiliser un gabarit mobile pour placer très précisément les deux rails à la fois, ce qui procure un gain de temps.  The conventional method of setting the rail is to have shims at the bottom of the engravure, made of a material identical or similar to the coating product. However, the invention proposes to use a mobile template to very precisely place the two rails at a time, which provides a time saving.
Avantageusement, le produit isolant peut être une résine à base de polyuréthane, pouvant comporter une charge élastique.  Advantageously, the insulating product may be a polyurethane resin, which may comprise an elastic load.
L'invention porte également sur une voie ferrée réalisée en utilisant un procédé selon l'invention. Des modes de réalisation et des variantes seront décrits ci-après, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, avec référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels : The invention also relates to a railway track made using a method according to the invention. Embodiments and variants will be described hereinafter, by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
La figure 1 représente schématiquement une voie de tramway de l'état de l'art en coupe transversale, FIG. 1 schematically represents a tramway of the state of the art in cross-section,
Les figures 2A et 2B représentent schématiquement deux modes de réalisation d'une voie de tramway selon l'invention en coupe transversale, FIGS. 2A and 2B schematically represent two embodiments of a tramway track according to the invention in cross-section,
La figure 3 représente un rail sans âme utilisé dans une voie de tramway selon l'invention en coupe transversale. 3 shows a soulless rail used in a tramway according to the invention in cross section.
La figure 1 illustre une voie de tramway de l'état de l'art en coupe transversale comportant deux files de rail. La voie est composée d'une dalle de fondation 2 en béton, ferraillé ou non, coulée sur un sol 1 ; l'épaisseur de cette dalle de fondation est fonction de deux paramètres : Figure 1 illustrates a state-of-the-art tramway track in cross-section with two rails. The track consists of a foundation slab 2 in concrete, scraped or not, cast on a floor 1; the thickness of this foundation slab depends on two parameters:
- la portance du sol 1 sous-jacent,  - the underlying ground lift 1,
- l'intensité du trafic attendu, compté en passage d'essieux de 1 1 à 12 tonnes suivant le matériel roulant pendant la durée de vie de la voie, soit en règle général pendant 30 ans.  - the intensity of the expected traffic, counted in the passage of axles from 1 1 to 12 tons depending on the rolling stock during the lifetime of the track, is generally as a rule for 30 years.
Par exemple, pour un trafic intensif de 15 millions d'essieux et un sol d'une portance égale à 35 MPa, la dalle de fondation 2 aura une épaisseur d'environ 19 cm. Si le sol a une portance d'au moins 50 MPa, il est également possible de réaliser une dalle de fondation en produit bitumineux. Dans ce cas, elle aura une épaisseur plus faible, typiquement environ 11 cm.  For example, for an intensive traffic of 15 million axles and a ground with a lift equal to 35 MPa, the foundation slab 2 will have a thickness of about 19 cm. If the floor has a bearing capacity of at least 50 MPa, it is also possible to make an asphalt foundation slab. In this case, it will have a smaller thickness, typically about 11 cm.
La dalle de fondation 2 est surmontée d'une dalle de voie 3 dont l'épaisseur dépend peu de la portance du sol ; elle sera plus épaisse si la dalle de fondation est réalisée en produit bitumineux.  The foundation slab 2 is surmounted by a slab of track 3 whose thickness depends little on the lift of the ground; it will be thicker if the foundation slab is made of bituminous product.
La dalle de voie 3 comporte deux engravures longitudinales 4a, 4b, chacune comportant un rail 10a, 10b, destiné à être noyé dans un produit isolant à l'intérieur de son engravure respective. La couche de produit entre le rail d'un part et les parois et le fond de l'engravure d'autre part a une épaisseur comprise entre 1,5 et 2,5 cm. The slab of track 3 comprises two longitudinal grooves 4a, 4b, each comprising a rail 10a, 10b, intended to be embedded in a product insulation inside its respective engravure. The product layer between the rail on the one hand and the walls and the bottom of the engravure on the other hand has a thickness of between 1.5 and 2.5 cm.
Les rails 10a, 10b sont adaptés à la circulation de tramways, c'est à dire qu'ils sont asymétriques : outre le champignon, dont la face supérieure constitue la surface de roulement du rail, ils comportent une bavette, le champignon et la bavette délimitant entre eux une gorge. Ces rails sont également dotés d'un patin qui fait office de support pour le rail, l'ensemble champignon et bavette étant relié au patin par une âme. Cette âme présente une certaine extension verticale : ces rails ont typiquement une hauteur d'environ 15 cm. En conséquence, le procédé de construction de la voie comporte une étape de réalisation d'engravures 4a, 4b qui soient suffisamment profondes pour recevoir ce type de rail. L'épaisseur de la dalle de voie 3 est donc essentiellement conditionnée :  The rails 10a, 10b are adapted to the circulation of trams, that is to say that they are asymmetrical: in addition to the mushroom, whose upper face constitutes the running surface of the rail, they comprise a flap, the mushroom and the bib delimiting between them a gorge. These rails also have a shoe which acts as a support for the rail, the mushroom assembly and bib being connected to the pad by a soul. This soul has a certain vertical extension: these rails typically have a height of about 15 cm. Consequently, the method of constructing the track comprises a step of producing engravings 4a, 4b which are sufficiently deep to receive this type of rail. The thickness of the slab of track 3 is therefore essentially conditioned:
- par la composition de la dalle de fondation, béton ou produit bitumineux,  - by the composition of the foundation slab, concrete or bituminous product,
- par la hauteur des rails 10a, 10b.  - by the height of the rails 10a, 10b.
La hauteur des rails utilisés détermine donc de façon importante l'épaisseur globale de la structure composée des dalles de fondation et de voie.  The height of the rails used thus significantly determines the overall thickness of the structure composed of the foundation slabs and track.
Les figures 2A et 2B illustrent une voie de tramway VI, comportant également deux files de rail, construite selon le procédé de l'invention, utilisant des rails sans âme l ia, 11b qui seront décrits en détail plus loin. Ces rails ont une hauteur beaucoup plus faible que les rails de l'état de l'art, typiquement environ 7 cm. En conséquence les engravures 5a, 5b prévues pour recevoir ces rails peuvent être moins profondes et la dalle de voie 3 moins épaisse.  FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate a tramway track VI, also comprising two rail tracks, constructed according to the method of the invention, using soulless rails 11a, 11b which will be described in detail below. These rails have a much lower height than the rails of the state of the art, typically about 7 cm. Consequently the engravings 5a, 5b provided to receive these rails may be shallower and the track slab 3 less thick.
Dans la figure 2 A, la face supérieure 3 a de la dalle de voie 3 est dans son ensemble sensiblement à la hauteur du champignon des rails l ia, 11b. Cette face supérieure peut subir un traitement de surface tel que désactivation, grenaillage ou impression. Dans la figure 2B, la dalle de voie 3 comporte des décaissements 4a entre les rails, et 4b, 4c de part et d'autre de la voie VI. Ces décaissements permettent de recevoir des pavés 6 ou de la terre végétale. La figure 3 illustre une section transversale d'un rail 11 à gorge sans âme utilisé dans l'invention. Ce rail comprend en partie inférieure un patin 12 surmonté en partie supérieure d'un ensemble comportant d'un premier côté transversal un champignon 13 et du côté transversal opposé une bavette 14, le champignon 13 et la bavette 14 définissant entre eux une gorge 15 ouverte vers le haut. In FIG. 2A, the upper face 3a of the track slab 3 is in its entirety substantially at the height of the rail head 11a, 11b. This upper face can undergo a surface treatment such as deactivation, shot blasting or printing. In FIG. 2B, the track slab 3 comprises disbursements 4a between the rails, and 4b, 4c on either side of the track VI. These disbursements make it possible to receive paving stones 6 or topsoil. Figure 3 illustrates a cross-section of a coreless groove rail 11 used in the invention. This rail comprises in the lower part a shoe 12 surmounted in the upper part of an assembly comprising a first transverse side a mushroom 13 and the opposite transverse side a flap 14, the mushroom 13 and the flap 14 defining between them an open groove 15 to the top.
Le patin 12 comporte une base plane inférieure 12a sur laquelle il repose en utilisation, prolongée de chaque côté par une excroissance transversale 12b et 12c. La distance entre les extrémités de ces prolongements transversaux du patin définit la largeur L du rail.  The pad 12 has a lower flat base 12a on which it rests in use, extended on each side by a transverse protuberance 12b and 12c. The distance between the ends of these transverse extensions of the pad defines the width L of the rail.
Le champignon 13 présente une surface supérieure 13a plane ou sensiblement bombée, et la bavette 14 présente une surface supérieure 14a plane ou sensiblement bombée. La surface supérieure 13a du champignon constitue la surface de roulement du rail 11 destinée à recevoir la bande de roulement des roues, le boudin des roues circulant dans la gorge 15.  The mushroom 13 has an upper surface 13a flat or substantially curved, and the flap 14 has an upper surface 14a flat or substantially curved. The upper surface 13a of the mushroom constitutes the running surface of the rail 11 intended to receive the tread of the wheels, the bead of the wheels circulating in the groove 15.
Le plan P qui tangente ces surfaces supérieures 13a et 14a est sensiblement parallèle à la base 12a. La distance entre ce plan P et la base 12a définit la hauteur H du rail. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, le champignon 13 et la bavette 14 ont une hauteur H identique. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, le champignon 13 et la bavette 14 pourraient avoir une hauteur différente ; dans ce cas, la hauteur H du rail est définie comme la plus grande des deux.  The plane P which tangents these upper surfaces 13a and 14a is substantially parallel to the base 12a. The distance between this plane P and the base 12a defines the height H of the rail. In the illustrated embodiment, the mushroom 13 and the flap 14 have an identical height H. In another embodiment, the mushroom 13 and the flap 14 could have a different height; in this case, the height H of the rail is defined as the larger of the two.
Ce rail 11 est caractérisé par un rapport H L inférieur à ½. Un rail de ce type a par exemple une hauteur d'environ 7 cm et une largeur d'environ 16 cm, soit un rapport de 0,4375. Ce type de rail à gorge ne comporte donc pas de corps intermédiaire entre le patin 12 et l'ensemble constitué par le champignon 13 et la bavette 14 qui puisse s'assimiler à une âme : This rail 11 is characterized by a ratio HL less than ½. A rail of this type has for example a height of about 7 cm and a width of about 16 cm, a ratio of 0.4375. This type of grooved rail therefore has no intermediate body between the pad 12 and the assembly consisting of the mushroom 13 and the flap 14 which can be assimilated to a soul:
- cet ensemble s'élève directement au-dessus du patin 12,  this assembly rises directly above the pad 12,
- les parois extérieures 13b, 14b du champignon 13 et de la bavette 14 se raccordent aux prolongements transversaux 12b, 12c du patin 12.  - The outer walls 13b, 14b of the mushroom 13 and the flap 14 are connected to the transverse extensions 12b, 12c of the pad 12.
Le rail 11 est asymétrique en ce sens que :  The rail 11 is asymmetrical in the sense that:
- le champignon 13 présente une dimension transversale bien supérieure à celle de la bavette 14 ; dans l'exemple cité plus haut, la dimension transversale à mi-hauteur L3 du champignon 13 est d'environ 5,75 cm et celle L4 de la bavette 14 est d'environ 3,1 cm ;  - The mushroom 13 has a transverse dimension much greater than that of the flap 14; in the example cited above, the transverse dimension at mid-height L3 of the mushroom 13 is about 5.75 cm and that L4 of the flap 14 is about 3.1 cm;
- les parois de la gorge 15 ne sont pas de même forme : la paroi 15a qui constitue la limite du champignon 13 est sensiblement rectiligne, la paroi 15b qui constitue la limite de la bavette 14 est courbe, si bien que la gorge elle- même est asymétrique.  - The walls of the groove 15 are not of the same shape: the wall 15a which constitutes the limit of the mushroom 13 is substantially rectilinear, the wall 15b which constitutes the limit of the flap 14 is curved, so that the throat itself is asymmetrical.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée (VI), comportant les étapes consistant à : A method of constructing a railway track (VI), comprising the steps of:
- sur une dalle de fondation (2), couler une dalle de voie (3),  - on a foundation slab (2), pour a slab of track (3),
- réaliser deux engravures longitudinales parallèles (5 a, 5b) par voie à partir de la face supérieure (3 a) de ladite dalle de voie,  performing two parallel longitudinal engravings (5 a, 5b) by way from the upper face (3 a) of said track slab,
- fixer un rail (l ia, 11b) dans chaque engravure, chaque rail comprenant un patin (12), surmonté d'un champignon (13) et d'une bavette (14), ledit champignon et ladite bavette délimitant entre eux une gorge (15),  - Fix a rail (l ia, 11b) in each engravure, each rail comprising a pad (12), surmounted by a mushroom (13) and a flap (14), said poppet and said flap delimiting between them a throat (15)
caractérisé en ce que lesdits rails (l ia, 11b) sont des rails sans âme. characterized in that said rails (11a, 11b) are soulless rails.
2. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la hauteur (H) desdits rails (l ia, 11b) est inférieure ou égale à la moitié de leur largeur (L). 2. A method of constructing a railway according to claim 1, characterized in that the height (H) of said rails (11a, 11b) is less than or equal to half their width (L).
3. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la hauteur (H) desdits rails (l ia, 11b) est comprise entre 40 % et 50 % de leur largeur (L). 3. A method of constructing a railway according to claim 2, characterized in that the height (H) of said rails (l ia, 11b) is between 40% and 50% of their width (L).
4. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, 4. A method of constructing a railway line according to one of claims 1 to 3,
caractérisé en ce que, lorsque la dalle de fondation (2) est réalisée en béton, on réalise une dalle de voie (3) dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 75 % et 90 % de l'épaisseur de ladite dalle de fondation. characterized in that, when the foundation slab (2) is made of concrete, is made a track slab (3) whose thickness is between 75% and 90% of the thickness of said foundation slab.
5. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, 5. A method of constructing a railway line according to one of claims 1 to 3,
caractérisé en ce que, lorsque la dalle de fondation (2) est réalisée en produit bitumineux, on réalise une dalle de voie (3) dont l'épaisseur est comprise entre 2 et 3 fois l'épaisseur de ladite dalle de fondation. characterized in that, when the foundation slab (2) is made of bituminous product, is made a track slab (3) whose thickness is between 2 and 3 times the thickness of said foundation slab.
6. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée selon l'une des revendications précédentes, 6. A method of constructing a railway line according to one of the preceding claims,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte l'étape préalable consistant à : characterized in that it comprises the prior step of:
- couler ladite dalle de fondation (2) sur un sol préparé (1). - Pouring said foundation slab (2) on a prepared floor (1).
7. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée selon l'une des revendications précédentes, 7. A method of constructing a railway line according to one of the preceding claims,
caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la structure composée de la dalle de fondation (2) et de la dalle de voie (3) est comprise entre 35 et 50 cm. characterized in that the thickness of the composite structure of the foundation slab (2) and the track slab (3) is between 35 and 50 cm.
8. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée selon l'une des revendications précédentes, 8. A method of constructing a railway line according to one of the preceding claims,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre l'étape consistant à : characterized in that it further comprises the step of:
- réaliser un traitement de surface sur ladite dalle de voie (3), tel que grenaillage, désactivation et/ou impression. - Perform a surface treatment on said channel tile (3), such as blasting, deactivation and / or printing.
9. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, 9. A method of constructing a railway line according to one of claims 1 to 7,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre l'étape consistant à : characterized in that it further comprises the step of:
- déposer sur la dalle de voie (3) un revêtement mince tel qu'un enduit superficiel ou des pavés de résine.  - Deposit on the track slab (3) a thin coating such as a surface coating or resin pavers.
10. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, 10. A method of constructing a railway line according to one of claims 1 to 7,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre l'étape consistant à : characterized in that it further comprises the step of:
- déposer sur la dalle de voie (3) de la terre végétale pour la plantation de végétaux, notamment de gazon. - Deposit on the road tile (3) top soil for planting plants, including grass.
11. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée selon l'une des revendications précédentes, 11. A method of constructing a railway line according to one of the preceding claims,
caractérisé en ce que l'étape de réalisation desdites engravures (5a, 5b) comporte les étapes consistant à : characterized in that the step of producing said engravures (5a, 5b) comprises the steps of:
- scier les parois de chaque engravure, - saw the walls of each engravure,
- fraiser chaque engravure.  - mill each engraving.
12. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée selon l'une des revendications précédentes, 12. A method of constructing a railway line according to one of the preceding claims,
caractérisé en ce que l'étape consistant à fixer un rail (11) dans chaque engravure (5 a, 5b) comporte les étapes consistant à : characterized in that the step of securing a rail (11) in each engravure (5a, 5b) comprises the steps of:
- installer un rail dans chaque engravure en le calant par rapport au fond et aux parois de ladite engravure,  - install a rail in each engravure by setting it in relation to the bottom and the walls of said engravure,
- couler un produit isolant autour dudit rail.  pouring an insulating product around said rail.
13. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un gabarit pour caler le rail par rapport au fond et aux parois de ladite engravure. 13. A method of constructing a railway according to claim 12, characterized in that a template is used to wedge the rail relative to the bottom and the walls of said engravure.
14. Procédé de construction d'une voie ferrée selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que ledit produit isolant est une résine à base de polyuréthane, pouvant comporter une charge élastique. 14. A method of constructing a railway according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that said insulating product is a polyurethane resin, which may comprise an elastic load.
15. Voie ferrée (VI) réalisée en utilisant un procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes. 15. Track (VI) made using a method according to one of the preceding claims.
EP13727273.8A 2012-05-16 2013-05-13 Method for constructing a railway track Active EP2850249B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1254488A FR2990704B1 (en) 2012-05-16 2012-05-16 METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A RAILWAY
PCT/FR2013/051034 WO2013171412A2 (en) 2012-05-16 2013-05-13 Method for constructing a railway track

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EP2850249B1 EP2850249B1 (en) 2018-11-07

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2503590A1 (en) 1974-09-13 1976-04-01 Beton Es Vasbetonipari Muevek BLOCK RAIL TRACK SYSTEM WITH RUBBER BINDING
FR2816967A1 (en) 2000-11-23 2002-05-24 Cogifer Tf Rail track comprises concrete support and pair of grooved rail lines each of which is inserted in longitudinal cut in support and embedded in fixing resin
FR2852978A1 (en) 2003-03-25 2004-10-01 Cogifer Tf RAIL WITH DISSYMMETRIC SOLE AND APPLICATION TO THE CONSTITUTION OF A RAILWAY

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8711451U1 (en) * 1987-08-24 1988-12-22 Phoenix Ag, 2100 Hamburg Elastic support bearing for grooved or block rails
DE69018265T2 (en) * 1989-08-26 1995-08-24 Lewis Prof. Liverpool Lesley RAIL.
GB2393750A (en) * 2001-08-23 2004-04-07 Hyperlast Ltd Method of making rail support assemblies

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2503590A1 (en) 1974-09-13 1976-04-01 Beton Es Vasbetonipari Muevek BLOCK RAIL TRACK SYSTEM WITH RUBBER BINDING
FR2816967A1 (en) 2000-11-23 2002-05-24 Cogifer Tf Rail track comprises concrete support and pair of grooved rail lines each of which is inserted in longitudinal cut in support and embedded in fixing resin
FR2852978A1 (en) 2003-03-25 2004-10-01 Cogifer Tf RAIL WITH DISSYMMETRIC SOLE AND APPLICATION TO THE CONSTITUTION OF A RAILWAY

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2013171412A2

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DK2850249T3 (en) 2019-02-18
FR2990704A1 (en) 2013-11-22
FR2990704B1 (en) 2015-06-05
EP2850249B1 (en) 2018-11-07
WO2013171412A3 (en) 2014-03-27
BR112014028200A2 (en) 2017-06-27
WO2013171412A2 (en) 2013-11-21

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