EP2846651B1 - Tobacco product that produces lower carbon monoxide to tar ratio - Google Patents
Tobacco product that produces lower carbon monoxide to tar ratio Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2846651B1 EP2846651B1 EP13724689.8A EP13724689A EP2846651B1 EP 2846651 B1 EP2846651 B1 EP 2846651B1 EP 13724689 A EP13724689 A EP 13724689A EP 2846651 B1 EP2846651 B1 EP 2846651B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- polymer component
- tobacco product
- fibrous polymer
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 59
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 30
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 30
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims description 172
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 172
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N (+)-Neomenthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 1
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007754 air knife coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008365 aqueous carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000416 hydrocolloid Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009685 knife-over-roll coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007760 metering rod coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007763 reverse roll coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019615 sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008786 sensory perception of smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/14—Forming reconstituted tobacco products, e.g. wrapper materials, sheets, imitation leaves, rods, cakes; Forms of such products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/186—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by coating with a coating composition, encapsulation of tobacco particles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
- A24D1/025—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers the covers having material applied to defined areas, e.g. bands for reducing the ignition propensity
Definitions
- Smoking articles such as cigarettes, are conventionally made by wrapping a column of tobacco in a wrapping paper.
- the smoking article usually includes a filter through which the article is smoked. Filters are attached to smoking articles using a tipping paper that is glued to the wrapping paper. When the article is smoked, mainstream smoke is generated that is inhaled through the filter.
- Mainstream smoke can contain numerous components that provide the smoking article with a particular taste, which encompasses the sensations detected not only by one's taste, but also by one's sense of smell.
- US 2005/0005947 A1 discloses to incorporate a carbon monoxide reducing agent into the smoking article in order to reduce carbon monoxide levels in the mainstream smoke.
- the carbon monoxide reducing agent which can be a metal oxide or a metal carbonate, may be incorporated into a wrapper and/or into a column of smokable filler that are used to construct the smoking article.
- a reconstituted tobacco is made from burley tobacco as well as a second tobacco.
- the object is to provide a reconstituted tobacco sheet that provides a better tobacco smoke characteristic but minimizes TSNA formation.
- a bandcast tobacco sheet can be made by mixing a tobacco blend, wood pulp, a flavouring compound, such as menthol, and a binder, such as alginate, guar, xanthum, acacia, pectin, other gums, modified cellulose compounds, and hydrocolloid compounds.
- EP 0 069 467 A2 discloses a process for employing tobacco fines or dust.
- the tobacco fines are dispersed in an aqueous liquid and applied to tobacco or reconstituted tobacco.
- the fines are incorporated into concentrated tobacco extract before the extract is recombined with the reconstituted sheet or into an aqueous carrier.
- the slurry of fines in extract or other carrier is passed through a homogenizer and then is applied as a coating to the sheet prior to drying and shredding.
- the present disclosure is generally directed to a treatment for reducing the carbon monoxide and the carbon monoxide to tar ratio of a smoking article. More specifically, above stated technical problem is solved by a tobacco product according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 15.
- the non-fibrous polymer component (optionally together with a burn retardant) is applied to the tobacco material as a coating.
- a coating comprises a covering or layer applied to a substrate.
- a reconstituted tobacco product is produced that may be blended with standard tobacco leaf to produce a smokable rod for use in smoking articles such as cigarettes.
- the carbon monoxide to tar ratio can be reduced by greater than 5%, such as greater than about 8%, such as even greater than about 10% compared to the same smokable rod with the same amount of reconstituted tobacco not treated in accordance with the disclosure.
- a tobacco material is combined with a treatment that includes an optional burn retardant, a non-fibrous polymer component, and optionally filler particles.
- the burn retardant may comprise, for instance, a carbonate or a phosphate salt.
- the carbonate or phosphate salt for instance, may comprise an alkali metal salt, such as a potassium salt or a sodium salt.
- the burn retardant may comprise an ammonium salt.
- the non-fibrous polymer component may comprise a film former.
- the non-fibrous polymer component may comprise, for instance, guar gum, pectin, polyvinyl alcohol, a cellulose derivative, alginate, starch, a starch derivative, or mixtures thereof.
- the amount each component is added to the tobacco material can depend upon various factors.
- the burn retardant is added in an amount from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, such as in an amount from about 5% to about 15% by weight.
- the non-fibrous polymer component may be added in an amount from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, such as from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, such as from about 0.5% to about 3% by weight. It has been discovered that the combination of a burn retardant with a non-fibrous polymer component can significantly reduce a carbon monoxide to tar ratio when the tobacco material is smoked.
- the reconstituted tobacco product comprises a tobacco material containing refined tobacco stems and fines.
- the tobacco material Prior to or during refining of the tobacco material, the tobacco material is combined with an aqueous solution at an elevated temperature. Water soluble components contained in the tobacco material become dissolved within the solution to produce a tobacco soluble fraction. At least a portion of the solubles is then removed from the tobacco material.
- the tobacco material described above can optionally be recombined with the tobacco soluble fraction.
- the tobacco soluble fraction may be added to the tobacco material such that the soluble fraction is present in the reconstituted tobacco product in an amount generally from about 5% to about 50% by weight.
- the treatment of the present disclosure can be added to the tobacco material at various points in the process of making the reconstituted tobacco product.
- the burn retardant and non-fibrous polymer component are combined together and applied to the tobacco material either after the tobacco material has been combined with the soluble fraction or before the tobacco material has been combined with the soluble fraction.
- the burn retardant and the non-fibrous polymer component are added separately.
- the burn retardant may be added to the tobacco material prior to combining the tobacco material with the soluble fraction or may be added to the tobacco material with the soluble fraction.
- the non-fibrous polymer component may then be added after the soluble fraction has been combined with the tobacco material.
- the above described reconstituted tobacco product can then be used to produce a smoking article, such as a cigarette.
- the reconstituted tobacco may be used alone or in combination with tobacco leaf products to produce a smokable rod.
- the smokable rod may comprise from about 10% by weight to about 70% by weight of the reconstituted tobacco product, such as from about 15% to about 50% by weight of the reconstituted tobacco product.
- the smokable rod can be surrounded by a wrapping paper and can include a filter at one end.
- the present disclosure is directed to a reconstituted tobacco product that, when incorporated into a smoking article, can dramatically reduce carbon monoxide gas in the mainstream smoke when compared to other components, such as tar.
- a tobacco material is combined with a non-fibrous polymer component, and optionally a burn retardant and/or one or more fillers. It has been discovered that coating on a tobacco material a non-fibrous polymer component optionally in combination with a burn retardant can dramatically reduce carbon monoxide levels in relation to tar when the tobacco material is incorporated into a smoking article, such as a cigarette.
- the non-fibrous polymer component is in the form of a coating on the reconstituted tobacco product.
- the coating can be present on one side of the reconstituted tobacco sheet or can be present on both sides of the reconstituted tobacco sheet.
- the coating can be present as a film on the surface of the reconstituted tobacco sheet and can be continuous or discontinuous.
- the coating contains both the non-fibrous polymer component and the burn retardant.
- the coating only contains the non-fibrous polymer component.
- the burn retardant may optionally be incorporated into the reconstituted tobacco product prior to formation of the coating.
- a tobacco material When producing the reconstituted tobacco product, a tobacco material is contacted with an aqueous solution at elevated temperatures to produce a fraction containing solubles.
- the tobacco soluble fraction can then be separated from the tobacco material.
- the tobacco soluble fraction may optionally be recombined with the tobacco material during production of the reconstituted tobacco product.
- the burn retardant and the non-fibrous polymer component can be combined with the tobacco material during the above described process. In one embodiment, both materials are added independently of recombining the tobacco material with the tobacco soluble fraction.
- the burn retardant and the non-fibrous polymer component may be combined together and applied to the tobacco material.
- the burn retardant and the non-fibrous polymer component are applied together or separately after the tobacco material has been recombined with the tobacco soluble fraction.
- the non-fibrous polymer component forms a coating on the reconstituted tobacco material or sheet as opposed to impregnating the material or sheet.
- the non-fibrous polymer component can be applied to the reconstituted tobacco sheet after the sheet has been at least partially dried.
- the reconstituted tobacco sheet can have a moisture content of less than about 50% by weight, such as less than about 30% by weight, such as less than about 20% by weight, such as less than about 15% by weight when the non-fibrous polymer component is applied to the surface of the reconstituted tobacco sheet.
- the reconstituted tobacco sheet can be completely dry and have a moisture content of less than 10%.
- a reconstituted tobacco sheet refers to any web of material made from the tobacco fibers and may include or may not include the soluble fraction.
- the non-fibrous polymer component can be applied to the reconstituted tobacco sheet using any suitable coating equipment.
- the coating can be formed by printing, or any suitable roll-to-roll method.
- Roll-to-roll coating methods include air knife coating, curtain coating, flexographic coating, knife over roll coating, Meyer Bar coating, reverse roll coating, and the like.
- a coating may be formed on a first side of the reconstituted tobacco sheet and dried and then subsequently applied to a second and opposite side of the reconstituted tobacco sheet and dried.
- both sides of the reconstituted tobacco sheet may be simultaneously coated.
- only a single side of the reconstituted tobacco sheet may be coated with the non-fibrous polymer component.
- a burn retardant may optionally be incorporated into the product for further reducing carbon monoxide levels.
- the burn retardant can be incorporated into the reconstituted tobacco product prior to formation of the coating made from the non-fibrous polymer component.
- the burn retardant may be combined with the non-fibrous polymer component and incorporated into the coating that is formed on the reconstituted tobacco.
- the burn retardant generally comprises a salt, such as a salt of a carbonate or a phosphate.
- the non-fibrous polymer component may comprise a film former.
- the non-fibrous polymer component comprises starch or a starch derivative.
- a smoking article or cigarette when combined with a tobacco blend to produce a smokable rod such that the reconstituted tobacco product of the present disclosure is contained in the rod in an amount less than about 70% by weight, such as in an amount less than 60% by weight, such as in an amount less than 50% by weight, such as even in an amount less than about 40% by weight, a smoking article or cigarette can have a carbon monoxide to tar ratio that is at least about 5%, such as at least about 10%, such as even about 15% less in comparison to a smoking article or cigarette containing a conventional reconstituted tobacco product.
- the above carbon monoxide to tar ratio reduction can be achieved in a standard cigarette having a tobacco weight of 900 milligrams and a hardness of 1.2 mm.
- the cigarette can also produce a puff count of from about 7.5 to about 8.5, such as from about 8.0 to about 8.5 (as measured on a standard smoking machine such as a Borgwaldt RM20 kit) especially when using an American blend tobacco product.
- the reconstituted tobacco product of the present disclosure can be combined with any suitable tobacco blend to produce a smoking article such as a cigarette.
- the tobacco blend for instance, may comprise an American blend, an Oriental blend, a Virginia blend, or the like.
- a tobacco furnish containing tobacco stems e.g., flue-cured stems
- fines and/or other tobacco by-products from tobacco manufacturing processes is initially mixed with a solvent (e.g., water and/or other compounds).
- a solvent e.g., water and/or other compounds.
- Various solvents that are water-miscible such as alcohols (e.g., ethanol), can be combined with water to form an aqueous solvent.
- the water content of the aqueous solvent can, in some instances, be greater than 50 wt.% of the solvent, and particularly greater than 90 wt.% of the solvent.
- Deionized water distilled water or tap water may be employed.
- the amount of the solvent in the suspension can vary widely, but is generally added in an amount from about 50 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, in some embodiments from about 60 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, and in some embodiments, from about 75 wt.% to about 90 wt.% of the suspension.
- the amount of solvent can vary with the nature of the solvent, the temperature at which the extraction is to be carried out, and the type of tobacco furnish.
- a soluable fraction of the furnish mixture may be optionally separated from the mixture.
- the aqueous solvent/tobacco furnish mixture can be agitated by stirring, shaking or otherwise mixing the mixture in order to increase the rate of solubilization. Typically, the process is carried out for about one-half hour to about 6 hours. Process temperatures may range from about 10°C to about 100°C.
- the soluble fraction can be concentrated.
- the soluble fraction can be concentrated using any known type of concentrator, such as a vacuum evaporator. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the soluble fraction can be highly concentrated.
- the resulting blended soluble fraction or tobacco soluble fraction may be used alone as a tobacco product (e.g., flavoring material) or it may be subsequently combined with other materials to form the tobacco product.
- the soluble fraction may be recombined with an insoluble fraction (e.g., sheet, tobacco blend, insoluble residue, etc.) using various application methods, such as spraying, using sizing rollers, saturating, impregnating (such as by using a size press), etc.
- the insoluble fraction may be subjected to one or more mechanical refiners to produce a fibrous pulp.
- suitable refiners can include disc refiners, conical refiners, etc.
- the tobacco material may be refined such that the tobacco material has a freeness index of at least about 30° SR, such as from about 30° SR to about 60° SR.
- the pulp from the refiner can then be transferred to a papermaking station that includes a forming apparatus, which may include, for example, a forming wire, gravity drain, suction drain, felt press, Yankee dryer, drum dryers, etc.
- a forming apparatus which may include, for example, a forming wire, gravity drain, suction drain, felt press, Yankee dryer, drum dryers, etc.
- the pulp is laid onto a wire belt forming a sheet-like shape and excess water is removed by the gravity drain and suction drain and presses.
- the resulting tobacco product is generally known as "reconstituted tobacco.”
- Reconstituted tobacco can generally be formed in a variety of ways. For instance, in one embodiment, band casting can be utilized to form the reconstituted tobacco. Band casting typically employs a slurry of finely divided tobacco parts and a binder that is coated onto a steel band and then dried. After drying, the sheet is blended with natural tobacco strips or shredded and used in various tobacco products, including as a cigarette filler. Some examples of process for producing reconstituted tobacco are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,353,541 ; 3,420,241 ; 3,386,449 ; 3,760,815 ; and 4,674,519 . Reconstituted tobacco can also be formed by a papermaking process. Some examples of processes for forming reconstituted tobacco according to this process are described in U.S. Pat.
- the formation of reconstituted tobacco using papermaking techniques can involve the steps of mixing tobacco with water, separating the soluble fraction therefrom, concentrating the soluble fraction, refining the tobacco, forming a web, reapplying the concentrated soluble fraction, drying, and threshing.
- a burn retardant and a non-fibrous polymer component are combined with the tobacco material during production of the reconstituted tobacco product.
- the burn retardant and the non-fibrous polymer component may be first combined together and applied to the tobacco material or may be applied to the tobacco material independently of each other.
- each of the additives may be combined with the soluble fraction and then applied to the tobacco material, preferably both additives are either applied before or after the tobacco material is recombined with the soluble fraction.
- the non-fibrous polymer component forms a coating on the tobacco material after the soluble fraction has been applied to the tobacco material (if it is desired to combine the soluble fraction with the tobacco material).
- the burn retardant can be applied to the tobacco material by itself or it can be combined with the non-fibrous polymer component and incorporated into the coating.
- the burn retardant may generally comprise any suitable burn retardant salt.
- the burn retardant may comprise a carbonate or a phosphate.
- the burn retardant may comprise an alkali metal salt of a phosphate or a carbonate or may comprise an ammonium salt of a phosphate.
- burn retardants include sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium phosphate, and mixtures thereof.
- the amount of burn retardant combined with the tobacco material can vary depending upon the particular application.
- the burn retardant is applied to the tobacco material in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight.
- the burn retardant is added in amounts greater than about 5% by weight, such as in amounts greater than about 7% by weight, such as in amounts greater than about 10% by weight.
- the burn retardant is added in an amount less than about 15% by weight, such as in an amount less than about 12% by weight, such as in an amount less than 10% by weight.
- the non-fibrous polymer component may comprise a film former, which may also be referred to as a film-forming material.
- the non-fibrous polymer component for instance, may comprise guar gum, pectin, polyvinyl alcohol, a cellulose derivative, alginate, a starch, a starch derivative, or mixtures thereof.
- the amount of non-fibrous polymer component added to the tobacco material can depend upon various factors including the end use application and the particular burn retardant being used. In general, the non-fibrous polymer component is added in an amount from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight.
- the non-fibrous polymer component can be added in an amount less than about 8% by weight, such as in an amount less than about 5% by weight, such as in an amount less than about 4% by weight.
- the non-fibrous polymer component is generally present in an amount greater than about 0.5% by weight, such as in an amount greater than about 1 % by weight.
- the non-fibrous polymer component and the burn retardant may be added at any suitable step during the process of making the reconstituted tobacco
- the non-fibrous polymer component is added after the tobacco material has been formed into a sheet.
- the non-fibrous polymer component can be added and coated onto the sheet alone or in combination with the burn retardant.
- any suitable device may be used in order to deposit the material onto the sheet.
- a printer, or any suitable apparatus may be used.
- the coating can form a film on the surface of the reconstituted tobacco sheet.
- the coating can be present on only a single side of the reconstituted tobacco sheet or it can be applied to both sides of the reconstituted tobacco sheet.
- the burn retardant as described above may be combined with the non-fibrous polymer component and applied to the tobacco material or may be applied independently. When applied independently, the burn retardant may be added prior to recombining the tobacco material with the soluble fraction or after combining the tobacco material with the soluble fraction. Although the burn retardant may be combined with the soluble fraction and applied to the tobacco material, there is some possibility that the burn retardant may unfavorably react with the soluble fraction. Thus, it is preferred that the burn retardant be added independently of the soluble fraction.
- filler particles may also be added to the tobacco material with the non-fibrous polymer component.
- the filler particles may comprise, for instance, clay particles, calcium carbonate particles, titanium oxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, mica, kaolin clay, or mixtures thereof. When present, the filler particles are generally added in an amount less than about 5% by weight, such as in an amount less than about 3% by weight.
- the fibrous sheet material can, in some embodiments, then be dried using, for example, a tunnel dryer, to provide a sheet having a typical moisture content of less than 20% by weight, and particularly from about 9% to about 14% by weight. Subsequently, the sheet can be cut to a desired size and/or shape and dried to the desired final moisture content.
- the term "tobacco product” is meant to encompass smoking articles (e.g., cigarettes, cigars, fine cut smoking articles, pipes, etc.). For illustrative purposes only, one such smoking article is shown in Figs. 1-2 .
- the smoking article 10 includes a smokable column 12.
- the smoking article 10 may also include a wrapper 14 that defines an outer circumferential surface 16 when wrapped around the smokable column 12.
- the article 10 may also include a filter 26 that may be enclosed by a tipping paper.
- the wrapper may be made from cellulosic fibers and a filler, as is well known in the art.
- the smokable column 12 can be made entirely from the reconstituted tobacco product of the present disclosure or may comprise a combination of the reconstituted tobacco product with other tobacco material.
- the reconstituted tobacco product may be combined with a standard tobacco blend made from finely cut tobacco leaves.
- the tobacco blend may primarily comprise flue-cured bright leaf, burley tobacco and/or oriental tobacco.
- the reconstituted tobacco product may be contained in the smokable column in an amount from about 10% to about 70% by weight, such as in an amount from about 15% to about 50% by weight.
- the presence of the novel reconstituted tobacco product can dramatically improve and reduce the carbon monoxide to tar ratio.
- a mixture of threshed tobacco stems and tobacco scraps was initially mixed with an aqueous solution. This was followed by an extraction step in an hydraulic press to separate the aqueous portion from the tobacco fiber portion. The recovered tobacco fiber portion was again dispersed in an aqueous solution. After an additional extraction (by pressing), wood pulp was added to the tobacco fibrous residue. These samples were then refined in a beater. The resultant stock was used to make sheets. An aqueous portion was concentrated in an evaporator and then impregnated into the sheet. The impregnated sheets were then dried.
- Samples 1-8 the reconstituted tobacco was produced on a commercial production machine. The samples, except for sample No. 1, were then coated in the laboratory using a lab coater with a non-fibrous polymer component alone or in combination with one or more burn retardants. In Sample Nos. 2-8, the non-fibrous polymer component and the burn retardants were combined together and applied to the reconstituted tobacco sheet after the soluble fraction was applied to the sheet. The following summarizes Sample Nos. 1-8.
- Sample Nos. 9-14 the reconstituted tobacco product was produced on a laboratory pilot line.
- one or more burn retardants were added to the soluble fraction and applied to the sheet.
- the non-fibrous polymer component and optionally calcium carbonate were then applied as a coating after the soluble fraction had been applied to the sheet.
- a summary of Sample Nos. 9-14 is shown below. TABLE 2 9 10 11 12 13 14 K 2 CO 3 (wt%) - 7.9 7.9 - - 6.3 K 3 PO 4 (wt%) - - - 7.3 7.3 1.7 Coating Starch (wt%) - 3.9 2.4 3.9 2.4 3.9 CaCO 3 wt%) - - 7.2 - 7.2 -
- the sheets were shredded and formed into cigarettes containing 30% by weight of the shredded reconstituted tobacco.
- a commercial tobacco blend was used in this example.
- the hand-made cigarettes were made using filtered cigarette tubes with the same hardness and tobacco weight. The hardness was 1.5 millimeters. The tobacco weight was 850 milligrams. The cigarettes were smoked on a Borgwaldt RM20 kit smoking machine.
- reconstituted tobacco made in accordance with the present disclosure can significantly reduce carbon monoxide and CO/tar ratio.
- introducing the burn retardant with the solubles is generally not as effective as adding the burn retardant after the solubles have been incorporated into the sheet by coating.
- Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated. In particular, Control Sample No. 1 and Sample No. 2 were produced. Sample No. 2 included reconstituted tobacco coated with a combination of starch and potassium carbonate. The starch was present in the reconstituted tobacco in an amount of 1.6% by weight, while the potassium carbonate was present in the tobacco material in an amount of 4.8% by weight.
- Cigarettes were made as described above containing 30% by weight of the reconstituted tobacco or containing 15% by weight of the reconstituted tobacco. The following results were obtained when the reconstituted tobacco product was contained in the cigarette in an amount of 30% by weight.
- Sample 2 8.1 10.5 mg/cig 0.78 mg/cig 10.4 mg/cig 0.99 Difference 12% -14% -10% -24% -11.2%
- the presence of the reconstituted tobacco product of the present disclosure produces higher puff numbers, lower tar yields and nicotine yields.
- the reconstituted tobacco product also significantly lowers carbon monoxide and the carbon monoxide to tar ratio.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
Description
- Smoking articles, such as cigarettes, are conventionally made by wrapping a column of tobacco in a wrapping paper. At one end, the smoking article usually includes a filter through which the article is smoked. Filters are attached to smoking articles using a tipping paper that is glued to the wrapping paper. When the article is smoked, mainstream smoke is generated that is inhaled through the filter. Mainstream smoke can contain numerous components that provide the smoking article with a particular taste, which encompasses the sensations detected not only by one's taste, but also by one's sense of smell.
- Many attempts have been made in the past to reduce certain components or constituents that may be contained in the mainstream smoke of a smoking article. For instance, in the relatively recent past, extensive research has been conducted on reducing Hoffmann analytes in the mainstream smoke. One Hoffmann analyte that those skilled in the art have attempted to reduce from mainstream smoke is carbon monoxide. In fact, a need currently exists for a method for reducing carbon monoxide in mainstream smoke in order to meet present or future government regulations.
- In the past, various attempts to reduce carbon monoxide levels in the mainstream smoke of a cigarette have centered around diluting the mainstream smoke with air or through the cigarette paper. For instance, in order to dilute the mainstream smoke, wrapping papers for cigarettes have been perforated or otherwise constructed so as to increase air porosity. Filters have also been designed to allow ventilating air to mix with the mainstream smoke prior to exiting the filter. Cigarette paper design can also be adjusted in order to reduce further mainstream carbon monoxide.
-
US 2005/0005947 A1 discloses to incorporate a carbon monoxide reducing agent into the smoking article in order to reduce carbon monoxide levels in the mainstream smoke. The carbon monoxide reducing agent, which can be a metal oxide or a metal carbonate, may be incorporated into a wrapper and/or into a column of smokable filler that are used to construct the smoking article. - According to
US 2005/0039767 A1 , a reconstituted tobacco is made from burley tobacco as well as a second tobacco. The object is to provide a reconstituted tobacco sheet that provides a better tobacco smoke characteristic but minimizes TSNA formation. A bandcast tobacco sheet can be made by mixing a tobacco blend, wood pulp, a flavouring compound, such as menthol, and a binder, such as alginate, guar, xanthum, acacia, pectin, other gums, modified cellulose compounds, and hydrocolloid compounds. -
EP 0 069 467 A2 discloses a process for employing tobacco fines or dust. The tobacco fines are dispersed in an aqueous liquid and applied to tobacco or reconstituted tobacco. In the preparation of reconstituted tobacco, the fines are incorporated into concentrated tobacco extract before the extract is recombined with the reconstituted sheet or into an aqueous carrier. The slurry of fines in extract or other carrier is passed through a homogenizer and then is applied as a coating to the sheet prior to drying and shredding. - Although the above methods can, in some applications, lower carbon monoxide levels in cigarettes, further improvements in lowering carbon monoxide levels are still needed. Many prior methods simply do not lower carbon monoxide levels to a desired extent, especially in view of present or impending government regulations. Thus, a need currently exists for an improved method of reducing carbon monoxide levels, and particularly for reducing the carbon monoxide to tar ratio.
- The present disclosure is generally directed to a treatment for reducing the carbon monoxide and the carbon monoxide to tar ratio of a smoking article. More specifically, above stated technical problem is solved by a tobacco product according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 15. The non-fibrous polymer component (optionally together with a burn retardant) is applied to the tobacco material as a coating. As used herein, a coating comprises a covering or layer applied to a substrate.
- In particular, according to the present disclosure, a reconstituted tobacco product is produced that may be blended with standard tobacco leaf to produce a smokable rod for use in smoking articles such as cigarettes. By incorporating, for instance, the reconstituted tobacco product into the smokable rod in an amount of about 30% by weight, the carbon monoxide to tar ratio can be reduced by greater than 5%, such as greater than about 8%, such as even greater than about 10% compared to the same smokable rod with the same amount of reconstituted tobacco not treated in accordance with the disclosure. In order to reduce the carbon monoxide to tar ratio as described above, a tobacco material is combined with a treatment that includes an optional burn retardant, a non-fibrous polymer component, and optionally filler particles. The burn retardant may comprise, for instance, a carbonate or a phosphate salt. The carbonate or phosphate salt, for instance, may comprise an alkali metal salt, such as a potassium salt or a sodium salt. In an alternative embodiment, the burn retardant may comprise an ammonium salt.
- The non-fibrous polymer component, on the other hand, may comprise a film former. The non-fibrous polymer component may comprise, for instance, guar gum, pectin, polyvinyl alcohol, a cellulose derivative, alginate, starch, a starch derivative, or mixtures thereof.
- The amount each component is added to the tobacco material can depend upon various factors. In general, the burn retardant is added in an amount from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, such as in an amount from about 5% to about 15% by weight. The non-fibrous polymer component, on the other hand, may be added in an amount from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, such as from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, such as from about 0.5% to about 3% by weight. It has been discovered that the combination of a burn retardant with a non-fibrous polymer component can significantly reduce a carbon monoxide to tar ratio when the tobacco material is smoked.
- The reconstituted tobacco product comprises a tobacco material containing refined tobacco stems and fines.
- Prior to or during refining of the tobacco material, the tobacco material is combined with an aqueous solution at an elevated temperature. Water soluble components contained in the tobacco material become dissolved within the solution to produce a tobacco soluble fraction. At least a portion of the solubles is then removed from the tobacco material.
- The tobacco material described above can optionally be recombined with the tobacco soluble fraction. The tobacco soluble fraction may be added to the tobacco material such that the soluble fraction is present in the reconstituted tobacco product in an amount generally from about 5% to about 50% by weight.
- The treatment of the present disclosure can be added to the tobacco material at various points in the process of making the reconstituted tobacco product. In one embodiment, for instance, the burn retardant and non-fibrous polymer component are combined together and applied to the tobacco material either after the tobacco material has been combined with the soluble fraction or before the tobacco material has been combined with the soluble fraction. In an alternative embodiment, the burn retardant and the non-fibrous polymer component are added separately. For example, in one embodiment, the burn retardant may be added to the tobacco material prior to combining the tobacco material with the soluble fraction or may be added to the tobacco material with the soluble fraction. The non-fibrous polymer component may then be added after the soluble fraction has been combined with the tobacco material.
- The above described reconstituted tobacco product can then be used to produce a smoking article, such as a cigarette. In one embodiment, for instance, the reconstituted tobacco may be used alone or in combination with tobacco leaf products to produce a smokable rod. For instance, the smokable rod may comprise from about 10% by weight to about 70% by weight of the reconstituted tobacco product, such as from about 15% to about 50% by weight of the reconstituted tobacco product. The smokable rod can be surrounded by a wrapping paper and can include a filter at one end.
- Other features and aspects of the present disclosure are discussed in greater detail below.
- A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof to one skilled in the art, is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, including reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
- Fig. 1
- is a perspective view of a smoking article made in accordance with the present invention; and
- Fig. 2
- is an exploded view of the smoking article illustrated in
Fig. 1 . - Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent the same or analogous features or elements of the present invention.
- It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention.
- In general, the present disclosure is directed to a reconstituted tobacco product that, when incorporated into a smoking article, can dramatically reduce carbon monoxide gas in the mainstream smoke when compared to other components, such as tar. In order to produce a reconstituted tobacco product in accordance with the present disclosure, a tobacco material is combined with a non-fibrous polymer component, and optionally a burn retardant and/or one or more fillers. It has been discovered that coating on a tobacco material a non-fibrous polymer component optionally in combination with a burn retardant can dramatically reduce carbon monoxide levels in relation to tar when the tobacco material is incorporated into a smoking article, such as a cigarette.
- In one embodiment, the non-fibrous polymer component, with or without the burn retardant, is in the form of a coating on the reconstituted tobacco product. The coating can be present on one side of the reconstituted tobacco sheet or can be present on both sides of the reconstituted tobacco sheet. The coating can be present as a film on the surface of the reconstituted tobacco sheet and can be continuous or discontinuous. In one embodiment, the coating contains both the non-fibrous polymer component and the burn retardant. In an alternative embodiment, the coating only contains the non-fibrous polymer component. In this embodiment, the burn retardant may optionally be incorporated into the reconstituted tobacco product prior to formation of the coating.
- When producing the reconstituted tobacco product, a tobacco material is contacted with an aqueous solution at elevated temperatures to produce a fraction containing solubles. The tobacco soluble fraction can then be separated from the tobacco material. The tobacco soluble fraction may optionally be recombined with the tobacco material during production of the reconstituted tobacco product. In accordance with the present disclosure, the burn retardant and the non-fibrous polymer component can be combined with the tobacco material during the above described process. In one embodiment, both materials are added independently of recombining the tobacco material with the tobacco soluble fraction.
- For example, in one embodiment, before but preferably after the tobacco soluble fraction has been recombined with the tobacco material, the burn retardant and the non-fibrous polymer component may be combined together and applied to the tobacco material. In one particular embodiment, for instance, the burn retardant and the non-fibrous polymer component are applied together or separately after the tobacco material has been recombined with the tobacco soluble fraction.
- The non-fibrous polymer component forms a coating on the reconstituted tobacco material or sheet as opposed to impregnating the material or sheet. In order to form a coating, the non-fibrous polymer component can be applied to the reconstituted tobacco sheet after the sheet has been at least partially dried. For instance, the reconstituted tobacco sheet can have a moisture content of less than about 50% by weight, such as less than about 30% by weight, such as less than about 20% by weight, such as less than about 15% by weight when the non-fibrous polymer component is applied to the surface of the reconstituted tobacco sheet. In one embodiment, for instance, the reconstituted tobacco sheet can be completely dry and have a moisture content of less than 10%. As used herein, a reconstituted tobacco sheet refers to any web of material made from the tobacco fibers and may include or may not include the soluble fraction. The non-fibrous polymer component can be applied to the reconstituted tobacco sheet using any suitable coating equipment. For instance, the coating can be formed by printing, or any suitable roll-to-roll method. Roll-to-roll coating methods include air knife coating, curtain coating, flexographic coating, knife over roll coating, Meyer Bar coating, reverse roll coating, and the like. Once the non-fibrous polymer component is applied to a surface of the reconstituted tobacco sheet, the coating can be dried. In one embodiment, a coating may be formed on a first side of the reconstituted tobacco sheet and dried and then subsequently applied to a second and opposite side of the reconstituted tobacco sheet and dried. Alternatively, both sides of the reconstituted tobacco sheet may be simultaneously coated. In another embodiment, only a single side of the reconstituted tobacco sheet may be coated with the non-fibrous polymer component.
- It has been discovered that when the non-fibrous polymer component forms a coating on the reconstituted tobacco product, carbon monoxide levels are dramatically reduced. A burn retardant may optionally be incorporated into the product for further reducing carbon monoxide levels. The burn retardant can be incorporated into the reconstituted tobacco product prior to formation of the coating made from the non-fibrous polymer component. Alternatively in a preferred embodiment, the burn retardant may be combined with the non-fibrous polymer component and incorporated into the coating that is formed on the reconstituted tobacco.
- The burn retardant generally comprises a salt, such as a salt of a carbonate or a phosphate. The non-fibrous polymer component, on the other hand, may comprise a film former. In one embodiment, the non-fibrous polymer component comprises starch or a starch derivative.
- The present inventors discovered that the above process can lead to a reconstituted tobacco product that produces significantly less carbon monoxide gas in the mainstream smoke in comparison to tar. For example, when combined with a tobacco blend to produce a smokable rod such that the reconstituted tobacco product of the present disclosure is contained in the rod in an amount less than about 70% by weight, such as in an amount less than 60% by weight, such as in an amount less than 50% by weight, such as even in an amount less than about 40% by weight, a smoking article or cigarette can have a carbon monoxide to tar ratio that is at least about 5%, such as at least about 10%, such as even about 15% less in comparison to a smoking article or cigarette containing a conventional reconstituted tobacco product. The above carbon monoxide to tar ratio reduction can be achieved in a standard cigarette having a tobacco weight of 900 milligrams and a hardness of 1.2 mm. The cigarette can also produce a puff count of from about 7.5 to about 8.5, such as from about 8.0 to about 8.5 (as measured on a standard smoking machine such as a Borgwaldt RM20 kit) especially when using an American blend tobacco product.
- The reconstituted tobacco product of the present disclosure can be combined with any suitable tobacco blend to produce a smoking article such as a cigarette. The tobacco blend, for instance, may comprise an American blend, an Oriental blend, a Virginia blend, or the like.
- In one embodiment, for example, a tobacco furnish containing tobacco stems (e.g., flue-cured stems), fines and/or other tobacco by-products from tobacco manufacturing processes is initially mixed with a solvent (e.g., water and/or other compounds). Various solvents that are water-miscible, such as alcohols (e.g., ethanol), can be combined with water to form an aqueous solvent. The water content of the aqueous solvent can, in some instances, be greater than 50 wt.% of the solvent, and particularly greater than 90 wt.% of the solvent.
- Deionized water, distilled water or tap water may be employed. The amount of the solvent in the suspension can vary widely, but is generally added in an amount from about 50 wt.% to about 99 wt.%, in some embodiments from about 60 wt.% to about 95 wt.%, and in some embodiments, from about 75 wt.% to about 90 wt.% of the suspension. However, the amount of solvent can vary with the nature of the solvent, the temperature at which the extraction is to be carried out, and the type of tobacco furnish.
- After forming the solvent/tobacco furnish mixture, some or all of a soluable fraction of the furnish mixture may be optionally separated from the mixture. The aqueous solvent/tobacco furnish mixture can be agitated by stirring, shaking or otherwise mixing the mixture in order to increase the rate of solubilization. Typically, the process is carried out for about one-half hour to about 6 hours. Process temperatures may range from about 10°C to about 100°C.
- Once the soluble fraction is separated from the tobacco furnish or insoluble fraction, the soluble fraction can be concentrated. The soluble fraction can be concentrated using any known type of concentrator, such as a vacuum evaporator. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the soluble fraction can be highly concentrated.
- The resulting blended soluble fraction or tobacco soluble fraction may be used alone as a tobacco product (e.g., flavoring material) or it may be subsequently combined with other materials to form the tobacco product.
- In one embodiment, the soluble fraction may be recombined with an insoluble fraction (e.g., sheet, tobacco blend, insoluble residue, etc.) using various application methods, such as spraying, using sizing rollers, saturating, impregnating (such as by using a size press), etc. For example, the insoluble fraction may be subjected to one or more mechanical refiners to produce a fibrous pulp. Some examples of suitable refiners can include disc refiners, conical refiners, etc. For instance, the tobacco material may be refined such that the tobacco material has a freeness index of at least about 30° SR, such as from about 30° SR to about 60° SR.
- The pulp from the refiner can then be transferred to a papermaking station that includes a forming apparatus, which may include, for example, a forming wire, gravity drain, suction drain, felt press, Yankee dryer, drum dryers, etc. In such a forming apparatus, the pulp is laid onto a wire belt forming a sheet-like shape and excess water is removed by the gravity drain and suction drain and presses. Regardless, when recombined with the tobacco soluble fraction, the resulting tobacco product is generally known as "reconstituted tobacco."
- Reconstituted tobacco can generally be formed in a variety of ways. For instance, in one embodiment, band casting can be utilized to form the reconstituted tobacco. Band casting typically employs a slurry of finely divided tobacco parts and a binder that is coated onto a steel band and then dried. After drying, the sheet is blended with natural tobacco strips or shredded and used in various tobacco products, including as a cigarette filler. Some examples of process for producing reconstituted tobacco are described in
U.S. Patent Nos. 3,353,541 ;3,420,241 ;3,386,449 ;3,760,815 ; and4,674,519 . Reconstituted tobacco can also be formed by a papermaking process. Some examples of processes for forming reconstituted tobacco according to this process are described inU.S. Pat. Nos. 3,428,053 ;3,415,253 ;3,561,451 ;3,467,109 ;3,483,874 ;3,860,012 ;3,847,164 ;4,182,349 ;5,715,844 ;5,724,998 ; and5,765,570 . For example, the formation of reconstituted tobacco using papermaking techniques can involve the steps of mixing tobacco with water, separating the soluble fraction therefrom, concentrating the soluble fraction, refining the tobacco, forming a web, reapplying the concentrated soluble fraction, drying, and threshing. - In accordance with the present disclosure, a burn retardant and a non-fibrous polymer component are combined with the tobacco material during production of the reconstituted tobacco product. The burn retardant and the non-fibrous polymer component may be first combined together and applied to the tobacco material or may be applied to the tobacco material independently of each other. Although each of the additives may be combined with the soluble fraction and then applied to the tobacco material, preferably both additives are either applied before or after the tobacco material is recombined with the soluble fraction.
- In one preferred embodiment, the non-fibrous polymer component forms a coating on the tobacco material after the soluble fraction has been applied to the tobacco material (if it is desired to combine the soluble fraction with the tobacco material). The burn retardant can be applied to the tobacco material by itself or it can be combined with the non-fibrous polymer component and incorporated into the coating.
- The burn retardant may generally comprise any suitable burn retardant salt. In one embodiment, for instance, the burn retardant may comprise a carbonate or a phosphate. For instance, the burn retardant may comprise an alkali metal salt of a phosphate or a carbonate or may comprise an ammonium salt of a phosphate. Particular examples of burn retardants that may be used include sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium phosphate, and mixtures thereof.
- The amount of burn retardant combined with the tobacco material can vary depending upon the particular application. In general, the burn retardant is applied to the tobacco material in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight. In general, the burn retardant is added in amounts greater than about 5% by weight, such as in amounts greater than about 7% by weight, such as in amounts greater than about 10% by weight. In general, the burn retardant is added in an amount less than about 15% by weight, such as in an amount less than about 12% by weight, such as in an amount less than 10% by weight.
- The non-fibrous polymer component, on the other hand, may comprise a film former, which may also be referred to as a film-forming material. The non-fibrous polymer component, for instance, may comprise guar gum, pectin, polyvinyl alcohol, a cellulose derivative, alginate, a starch, a starch derivative, or mixtures thereof. The amount of non-fibrous polymer component added to the tobacco material can depend upon various factors including the end use application and the particular burn retardant being used. In general, the non-fibrous polymer component is added in an amount from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight. For example, the non-fibrous polymer component can be added in an amount less than about 8% by weight, such as in an amount less than about 5% by weight, such as in an amount less than about 4% by weight. The non-fibrous polymer component is generally present in an amount greater than about 0.5% by weight, such as in an amount greater than about 1 % by weight.
- Although the non-fibrous polymer component and the burn retardant may be added at any suitable step during the process of making the reconstituted tobacco, in one embodiment, the non-fibrous polymer component is added after the tobacco material has been formed into a sheet. The non-fibrous polymer component can be added and coated onto the sheet alone or in combination with the burn retardant. When applied to the sheet, any suitable device may be used in order to deposit the material onto the sheet. A printer, or any suitable apparatus may be used. The coating can form a film on the surface of the reconstituted tobacco sheet. The coating can be present on only a single side of the reconstituted tobacco sheet or it can be applied to both sides of the reconstituted tobacco sheet.
- The burn retardant as described above may be combined with the non-fibrous polymer component and applied to the tobacco material or may be applied independently. When applied independently, the burn retardant may be added prior to recombining the tobacco material with the soluble fraction or after combining the tobacco material with the soluble fraction. Although the burn retardant may be combined with the soluble fraction and applied to the tobacco material, there is some possibility that the burn retardant may unfavorably react with the soluble fraction. Thus, it is preferred that the burn retardant be added independently of the soluble fraction.
- In addition to the above, filler particles may also be added to the tobacco material with the non-fibrous polymer component. The filler particles may comprise, for instance, clay particles, calcium carbonate particles, titanium oxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, mica, kaolin clay, or mixtures thereof. When present, the filler particles are generally added in an amount less than about 5% by weight, such as in an amount less than about 3% by weight.
- In addition, various other ingredients, such as flavor, can also be applied to the web. If applied with the soluble fraction and/or other ingredients, the fibrous sheet material can, in some embodiments, then be dried using, for example, a tunnel dryer, to provide a sheet having a typical moisture content of less than 20% by weight, and particularly from about 9% to about 14% by weight. Subsequently, the sheet can be cut to a desired size and/or shape and dried to the desired final moisture content.
- Significantly improved tobacco products may be formed from the reconstituted tobacco product in accordance with the present invention. As used herein, the term "tobacco product" is meant to encompass smoking articles (e.g., cigarettes, cigars, fine cut smoking articles, pipes, etc.). For illustrative purposes only, one such smoking article is shown in
Figs. 1-2 . As shown, thesmoking article 10 includes asmokable column 12. Thesmoking article 10 may also include awrapper 14 that defines an outercircumferential surface 16 when wrapped around thesmokable column 12. Thearticle 10 may also include afilter 26 that may be enclosed by a tipping paper. The wrapper may be made from cellulosic fibers and a filler, as is well known in the art. - In accordance with the present disclosure, the
smokable column 12 can be made entirely from the reconstituted tobacco product of the present disclosure or may comprise a combination of the reconstituted tobacco product with other tobacco material. In one embodiment, for instance, the reconstituted tobacco product may be combined with a standard tobacco blend made from finely cut tobacco leaves. The tobacco blend may primarily comprise flue-cured bright leaf, burley tobacco and/or oriental tobacco. In one embodiment, the reconstituted tobacco product may be contained in the smokable column in an amount from about 10% to about 70% by weight, such as in an amount from about 15% to about 50% by weight. As described above, the presence of the novel reconstituted tobacco product can dramatically improve and reduce the carbon monoxide to tar ratio. - The present disclosure may be better understood with reference to the following examples.
- The following example demonstrates some of the advantages and benefits of the present disclosure.
- In order to produce reconstituted tobacco, the following process was generally used.
- A mixture of threshed tobacco stems and tobacco scraps was initially mixed with an aqueous solution. This was followed by an extraction step in an hydraulic press to separate the aqueous portion from the tobacco fiber portion. The recovered tobacco fiber portion was again dispersed in an aqueous solution. After an additional extraction (by pressing), wood pulp was added to the tobacco fibrous residue. These samples were then refined in a beater. The resultant stock was used to make sheets. An aqueous portion was concentrated in an evaporator and then impregnated into the sheet. The impregnated sheets were then dried.
- Fourteen different samples were made and tested in this example. In Samples 1-8, the reconstituted tobacco was produced on a commercial production machine. The samples, except for sample No. 1, were then coated in the laboratory using a lab coater with a non-fibrous polymer component alone or in combination with one or more burn retardants. In Sample Nos. 2-8, the non-fibrous polymer component and the burn retardants were combined together and applied to the reconstituted tobacco sheet after the soluble fraction was applied to the sheet. The following summarizes Sample Nos. 1-8.
TABLE 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Starch (wt%) - 1.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.9 3.5 2.8 K2CO3 (wt%) - 4.8 - 4.1 7.6 - - - K3PO4 (wt%) - - 7.8 4.1 - 8.7 - - CaCO3 (wt%) - - - - 3.8 4.4 - 11.5 - In Sample Nos. 9-14 below, the reconstituted tobacco product was produced on a laboratory pilot line. In Sample Nos. 10-14, one or more burn retardants were added to the soluble fraction and applied to the sheet. The non-fibrous polymer component and optionally calcium carbonate were then applied as a coating after the soluble fraction had been applied to the sheet. A summary of Sample Nos. 9-14 is shown below.
TABLE 2 9 10 11 12 13 14 K2CO3 (wt%) - 7.9 7.9 - - 6.3 K3PO4 (wt%) - - - 7.3 7.3 1.7 Coating Starch (wt%) - 3.9 2.4 3.9 2.4 3.9 CaCO3 wt%) - - 7.2 - 7.2 - - The sheets were shredded and formed into cigarettes containing 30% by weight of the shredded reconstituted tobacco. A commercial tobacco blend was used in this example. The hand-made cigarettes were made using filtered cigarette tubes with the same hardness and tobacco weight. The hardness was 1.5 millimeters. The tobacco weight was 850 milligrams. The cigarettes were smoked on a Borgwaldt RM20 kit smoking machine. An analysis of the smoke for each of the cigarette samples gave the following results for tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide using the ISO smoking regime:
Sample Tar (mg/cig) Nicotine (mg/cig) CO (mg/cig) CO/tar CO/tar change vs control 1 12.3 0.88 13.7 1.12 - 2 10.5 0.78 10.4 0.99 -11% 3 11.3 0.8 12.7 1.12 1% 4 10.9 0.8 11.8 1.08 -3% 5 10.1 0.74 10.1 1 -11% 6 10.4 0.73 12.1 1.17 5% 7 12.1 0.87 12.7 1.05 -6% 8 10.9 0.76 12.2 1.12 0% 9 11.8 0.84 13.7 1.16 - 10 11.1 0.79 11.6 1.04 -10% 11 11.8 0.83 12.8 1.08 -7% 12 11.8 0.84 12.2 1.03 -11% 13 10.9 0.71 12.2 1.12 -4% 14 10.7 0.7 12.3 1.15 -1% - As shown above, reconstituted tobacco made in accordance with the present disclosure can significantly reduce carbon monoxide and CO/tar ratio. As also shown above, introducing the burn retardant with the solubles is generally not as effective as adding the burn retardant after the solubles have been incorporated into the sheet by coating.
- The procedure of Example 1 was repeated. In particular, Control Sample No. 1 and Sample No. 2 were produced. Sample No. 2 included reconstituted tobacco coated with a combination of starch and potassium carbonate. The starch was present in the reconstituted tobacco in an amount of 1.6% by weight, while the potassium carbonate was present in the tobacco material in an amount of 4.8% by weight.
- Cigarettes were made as described above containing 30% by weight of the reconstituted tobacco or containing 15% by weight of the reconstituted tobacco. The following results were obtained when the reconstituted tobacco product was contained in the cigarette in an amount of 30% by weight.
TABLE 1 Puff Tar Nicotine CO CO/tar Sample 1 7.3 12.3 mg/cig 0.88 mg/cig 13.7 mg/cig 1.12 Sample 2 8.1 10.5 mg/cig 0.78 mg/cig 10.4 mg/cig 0.99 Difference 12% -14% -10% -24% -11.2% - The following results were obtained when the reconstituted tobacco product was contained in the cigarette in an amount of 15% by weight.
TABLE 2 Puff Tar Nicotine CO CO/tar Sample 1 7.8 13.5 mg/cig 1.00 mg/cig 14.3 mg/cig 1.06 Sample 2 8.3 12.7 mg/cig 0.92 mg/cig 12.4 mg/cig 0.98 Difference 6% -6% -8% -13% -7.9% - As shown above, the presence of the reconstituted tobacco product of the present disclosure produces higher puff numbers, lower tar yields and nicotine yields. The reconstituted tobacco product also significantly lowers carbon monoxide and the carbon monoxide to tar ratio.
Claims (17)
- A tobacco product for blending with a tobacco blend to form a smokable rod, said tobacco product comprising:a reconstituted tobacco material comprising tobacco stems and fines; anda non-fibrous polymer component forming a coating on the reconstituted tobacco material.
- A tobacco product as defined in claim 1, wherein the reconstituted tobacco material further contains a burn retardant.
- A tobacco product as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein a burn retardant is contained in the tobacco product and comprises a carbonate, a phosphate, or mixtures thereof, such as an alkali metal salt, or an ammonium salt of a carbonate or a phosphate.
- A tobacco product as defined in claim 3, wherein the burn retardant is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, and the non-fibrous polymer component is present in an amount from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight.
- A tobacco product as defined in claims 3 or 4, wherein the burn retardant is present in an amount from about 5% to about 10% by weight, and the non-fibrous polymer component is present in an amount from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight.
- A tobacco product as defined in any of claims 3 through 5, wherein the non-fibrous polymer component and the burn retardant are combined together and applied to the reconstituted tobacco material.
- A tobacco product as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the non-fibrous polymer component comprises guar gum, pectin, polyvinyl alcohol, a cellulose derivative, alginate, starch, a starch derivative, or mixtures thereof.
- A tobacco product as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the non-fibrous polymer component comprises starch or a starch derivative.
- A tobacco product as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein a burn retardant has been applied to the reconstituted tobacco material prior to forming the coating.
- A tobacco product as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the reconstituted tobacco material comprises a reconstituted tobacco sheet having a first side and a second side and wherein the reconstituted tobacco sheet is only coated on one side with the non-fibrous polymer component.
- A tobacco product as defined in any of claims 1 through 9, wherein the reconstituted tobacco material comprises a reconstituted tobacco sheet having a first side and a second side and wherein the tobacco sheet has been coated on the first side and the second side with the non-fibrous polymer component.
- A tobacco product as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein the coating comprises a film on the surface of the reconstituted tobacco material.
- A tobacco product as defined in any of the preceding claims, wherein a tobacco soluble fraction is combined with the tobacco stems and fines.
- A smoking article comprising a smokable rod containing from about 10% by weight to about 70% by weight, such as from about 15% by weight to about 50% by weight of the tobacco product as defined in any of the preceding claims combined with a tobacco blend, the smokable rod being surrounded by a wrapping paper.
- A method for forming a smokable rod for use in a smoking article, the method comprising:combining tobacco with a solvent to form a soluble component and an insoluble component;removing at least a portion of the soluble component;refining the tobacco;recombining the refined tobacco with the soluble component;prior to or after the soluble component is recombined with the refined tobacco, adding a non-fibrous polymer component forming a coating on the refined tobacco and a burn retardant to provide a tobacco product; andblending the tobacco product with a tobacco blend to form a smokable rod.
- A method as defined in claim 15, wherein the burn retardant and non-fibrous polymer component are combined together and then added to the refined tobacco as a coating.
- A method for forming a smoking article surrounding the smokable rod produced by the method of claim 15 or 16 with a wrapping paper.
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US201261644775P | 2012-05-09 | 2012-05-09 | |
PCT/US2013/040348 WO2013170028A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-05-09 | Tobacco product that produces lower carbon monoxide to tar ratio |
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EP2846651B1 true EP2846651B1 (en) | 2024-01-03 |
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FR3041507B1 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2019-08-30 | Ltr Industries | RECONSTITUTED TOBACCO FOR DEVICES HEATING TOBACCO WITHOUT BURNING IT |
EP3860372A1 (en) * | 2018-10-05 | 2021-08-11 | SWM Luxembourg s.a.r.l. | Tobacco-containing wrapper having a white brilliant appearance |
KR20210125563A (en) * | 2019-02-11 | 2021-10-18 | 에스더블유엠 룩셈부르크 | Reconstituted cocoa material for aerosol generation |
CN110679989A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2020-01-14 | 河南卷烟工业烟草薄片有限公司 | Method for improving strength of reconstituted tobacco substrate |
US20220264937A1 (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-08-25 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Wrapper For Aerosol Delivery Products and Aerosol Delivery Products Made Therefrom |
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EP0069467A2 (en) * | 1981-06-04 | 1983-01-12 | Philip Morris Products Inc. | A process for utilizing tobacco dust |
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US3428053A (en) | 1965-10-07 | 1969-02-18 | American Tobacco Co | Production of reconstituted tobacco |
US3353541A (en) | 1966-06-16 | 1967-11-21 | Philip Morris Inc | Tobacco sheet material |
US3386449A (en) | 1966-06-16 | 1968-06-04 | Philip Morris Inc | Method of making a reconstituted tobacco sheet |
US3415253A (en) | 1967-01-13 | 1968-12-10 | Philip Morris Inc | Process for manufacturing reconstituted tobacco sheet material in a substantially closed system |
US3420241A (en) | 1967-04-28 | 1969-01-07 | Philip Morris Inc | Method of preparing a reconstituted tobacco sheet employing a pectin adhesive |
US3561451A (en) | 1967-05-17 | 1971-02-09 | American Mach & Foundry | Process of manufacturing reconstituted tobacco of light color |
US3467109A (en) | 1967-06-12 | 1969-09-16 | Lorillard Co Inc P | Method and apparatus for making reconstituted tobacco |
US3483874A (en) | 1967-11-29 | 1969-12-16 | Philip Morris Inc | Process for the treatment of tobacco |
US3760815A (en) | 1971-01-06 | 1973-09-25 | Philip Morris Inc | Preparation of reconstituted tobacco |
US3860012A (en) | 1973-05-21 | 1975-01-14 | Kimberly Clark Co | Method of producing a reconstituted tobacco product |
US3847164A (en) | 1973-10-11 | 1974-11-12 | Kimberly Clark Co | Method of making reconstituted tobacco having reduced nitrates |
US4182349A (en) | 1977-11-04 | 1980-01-08 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Method of making reconstituted tobacco |
US4674519A (en) | 1984-05-25 | 1987-06-23 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Cohesive tobacco composition |
JP3681410B2 (en) | 1992-04-09 | 2005-08-10 | フィリップ・モーリス・プロダクツ・インコーポレイテッド | Reconstituted tobacco sheet and method for producing and using the same |
US5377698A (en) | 1993-04-30 | 1995-01-03 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation | Reconstituted tobacco product |
US5533530A (en) | 1994-09-01 | 1996-07-09 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Tobacco reconstitution process |
US20050039767A1 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2005-02-24 | John-Paul Mua | Reconstituted tobacco sheet and smoking article therefrom |
US20050005947A1 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2005-01-13 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Smoking articles having reduced carbon monoxide delivery |
CN102018273A (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-04-20 | 云南烟草科学研究院 | Method for reducing carbon monoxide release amount of papermaking reconstituted tobacco |
-
2013
- 2013-05-09 WO PCT/US2013/040348 patent/WO2013170028A1/en active Application Filing
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EP0069467A2 (en) * | 1981-06-04 | 1983-01-12 | Philip Morris Products Inc. | A process for utilizing tobacco dust |
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EP2846651A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
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