EP2845844B1 - Modular facility for producing an explosive emulsion precursor - Google Patents

Modular facility for producing an explosive emulsion precursor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2845844B1
EP2845844B1 EP14191011.7A EP14191011A EP2845844B1 EP 2845844 B1 EP2845844 B1 EP 2845844B1 EP 14191011 A EP14191011 A EP 14191011A EP 2845844 B1 EP2845844 B1 EP 2845844B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
container
pipes
emulsion
longitudinal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14191011.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2845844A2 (en
EP2845844A3 (en
Inventor
Gilles Jauffret
James C. EATON
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nitrates et Innovation SAS
Original Assignee
Nitrates et Innovation SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nitrates et Innovation SAS filed Critical Nitrates et Innovation SAS
Priority to PL14191011T priority Critical patent/PL2845844T3/en
Publication of EP2845844A2 publication Critical patent/EP2845844A2/en
Publication of EP2845844A3 publication Critical patent/EP2845844A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2845844B1 publication Critical patent/EP2845844B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F21/00—Dissolving
    • B01F21/10—Dissolving using driven stirrers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B01F23/411—Emulsifying using electrical or magnetic fields, heat or vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
    • B01F27/19—Stirrers with two or more mixing elements mounted in sequence on the same axis
    • B01F27/192—Stirrers with two or more mixing elements mounted in sequence on the same axis with dissimilar elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B01F27/85—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with two or more stirrers on separate shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B01F27/90—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with paddles or arms 
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/50—Movable or transportable mixing devices or plants
    • B01F33/501—Movable mixing devices, i.e. readily shifted or displaced from one place to another, e.g. portable during use
    • B01F33/5013—Movable mixing devices, i.e. readily shifted or displaced from one place to another, e.g. portable during use movable by mechanical means, e.g. hoisting systems, grippers or lift trucks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F35/93—Heating or cooling systems arranged inside the receptacle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
    • C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
    • F28D1/0213—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid for heating or cooling a liquid in a tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D7/082—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration
    • F28D7/085—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration in the form of parallel conduits coupled by bent portions
    • F28D7/087—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration in the form of parallel conduits coupled by bent portions assembled in arrays, each array being arranged in the same plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F2035/99—Heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F28F13/125—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation by stirring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an installation and a method for preparing an explosive emulsion precursor consisting of an inverse emulsion (water in oil) on site.
  • the explosives precursors are manufactured on site by emulsifying a concentrated aqueous phase, in particular supersaturated with nitrates constituting an oxidizer in an oily phase containing a surfactant and constituting a mixture of fuels.
  • the aqueous phase is typically prepared by dissolving ammonium nitrates, and / or sodium and / or calcium in water to which additives are added to promote gasification and additives to adjust the pH of the phase. watery. Due to the large concentration of nitrates (in a weight proportion of about 80-82% for 18-20% of water) and in order to facilitate their dissolution, the water is heated to a temperature of at least 65 ° C. (degrees Celsius).
  • the oily phase consists of a mixture of various vegetable or mineral fatty substances and surfactants. More particularly, the oily phase obtained by mixing new or recovered mineral oils such as paraffinic oils and fuel oil, preferably in a proportion by weight of 50/50 to 80/20 with an amount of surfactant in a proportion from 10 to 30% of the total oily phase
  • the oily phase is heated to about 40-90 ° C, preferably 50-70 ° C.
  • a premix of low viscosity is prepared in a tank containing stirring means. Due to its low viscosity, this premix has insufficient stability and a consistency unsuitable for its subsequent use for the preparation of the explosive. This is why the viscosity of the premix is increased using a shearing device to obtain an emulsion of higher viscosity.
  • the emulsion constituting the explosive precursor Due to the specificity of the emulsion constituting the explosive precursor, the latter is advantageously manufactured on site in a modular installation which can be transported and assembled on site in containers.
  • the elements allowing the implementation of the precursor manufacturing process are transported in containers.
  • the arrangement of these elements within the containers is made in such a way that it requires the least possible operations relating to the assembly of the installation.
  • the present invention relates to a modular installation allowing the implementation of a method of manufacturing an explosive emulsion precursor consisting of an inverse water-in-oil emulsion as defined according to claim 1.
  • a modular installation is known from the prior art consisting essentially of two large containers of approximately 12.2 m (40 feet) juxtaposed and communicating on one of their longitudinal faces.
  • One of the containers comprises dissolution tanks for the preparation of the aqueous phase as well as a boiler separated by a partition.
  • the other container includes the oil phase and reverse emulsion preparation tanks as well as a separate electrical installation.
  • the three stages of preparation of the emulsion are in a common container.
  • the fact that the three stages of preparation of the emulsion are in the same container presents risks for the safety of the site and / or the operators in the event of an incident and / or damage.
  • tainer also referred to as “container” here means sheet steel boxes used for the transport of goods according to standardized characteristics, and in particular according to ISO 668 and ISO 1496.
  • the present invention aims in particular to resolve the drawbacks of the aforementioned prior art.
  • the invention provides a modular installation comprising at least a first container as defined in the claims.
  • first containers and second containers are not juxtaposed to one another and are therefore physically separated by the third container, which makes it possible to physically separate the oxidant (aqueous phase) and the fuel (oily phase ) and avoid any improper and dangerous accidental mixing.
  • the first container is exclusively and entirely dedicated to the preparation of said aqueous phase, it is possible to use a first small-size container, in particular a standard-size container of approximately 6.1 m in length (20 feet).
  • a first small-size container in particular a standard-size container of approximately 6.1 m in length (20 feet).
  • the installation fulfills the aims of the invention more easily than the installations of the technique earlier.
  • the fact that the main containers for the preparation of the aqueous phase / preparation of the oily phase and mixture of the emulsion are juxtaposed on at least one of their side walls, makes it possible to optimize the size and footprint of the soil. on the one hand, and above all, facilitates the operation of the installation and minimizes the operating risks for operating personnel.
  • the containers are provided with openings equipped with elements for quick connection / disconnection of the fluid transfer conduits, comprising the raw material fluid of aqueous phase or oily phase or emulsion, but also the possible heating fluid for the means of heating, and electric cables, the assembly / disassembly of the installation as well as its transport are facilitated.
  • the modular installation according to the invention has the advantage of being thus easily transportable since the installation, when it has been dismantled, is in the form of standard containers of relatively smaller size.
  • the installation is thus more easily removable and reassembled by a qualified operator.
  • the operator must only re-establish the connections between the various containers during assembly of the installation on site.
  • the modularity of the installation is enhanced since it is possible to easily add a container containing optional equipment, such as a cooling tower and a plate heat exchanger; optional equipment that can be connected to the installation on site through the openings previously made in the various containers.
  • optional equipment such as a cooling tower and a plate heat exchanger
  • the installation makes it possible to limit the risks to the safety of personnel in the event of fire or damage by a physical separation of the aqueous phase (constituting the oxidizer) and the oily phase (constituting the fuel) but also a separation of the oxidizer / fuel mixture and the boiler.
  • said fluid transfer conduits preferably consist of portions of conduits equipped with connectable and de-connectable connection elements at said openings.
  • said electric cables consist of cable portions equipped with connecting elements that can be connected and de-connected to complementary sockets at said walls of containers and / or at said openings.
  • said fourth container contains means for supplying the hot fluid comprising a boiler for producing water vapor, said heating means being heat exchangers in which said water vapor circulates.
  • said openings at the level of the walls of the juxtaposed containers furthermore comprise means of connection between the containers.
  • the first container comprises a first parallelepipedal tank with at least 5 walls arranged parallel to and against respectively at least 5 walls of said first container, preferably said first means for heating said first vessel comprising a first tubular heat exchanger, said first tubular heat exchanger consisting of a network of heat transfer fluid transfer pipes arranged longitudinally and transversely, continuously, at different height levels, capable of heating the liquid contained in said first parallelepipedal vessel by distributing the heat of the heat transfer fluid circulating in said network of pipes throughout the volume of said first vessel with, preferably, a greater number of pipes in the lower part of the first vessel, and preferably still said first container further containing said first means for circulating by pumping fluid located between a sixth transverse side wall of said first tank and a front transverse side wall of said first container.
  • This feature allows the heat to be distributed appropriately.
  • the use of a parallelepipedal tank allows an optimization of the volume of the first container with regard to the quantity of aqueous phase that can be produced in the first container.
  • the proportions by mass used for the preparation of the inverse emulsion being approximately 90% aqueous phase for approximately 10% oily phase, the production capacity of the modular installation depends directly on the quantity of aqueous phase produced.
  • the use of a parallelepipedal tank therefore makes it possible to optimize the use of the space of the first container.
  • the first container also comprises pumping means supported by a fixed frame inside said container and located between the first tank for preparing the aqueous phase and one of the walls of the container, has the advantage of facilitating the operator's access to the pumping means while limiting his access to the dangers represented by the nature of the operations carried out in the aqueous phase preparation tank.
  • said first heat exchanger of the first parallelepipedal vessel comprises a network of cylindrical longitudinal pipes arranged continuously at different height levels, longitudinal pipes arranged substantially at the same height level being interconnected at their ends. the same side by pipe elements forming transverse horizontal connectors, and one end of at least one longitudinal pipe arranged at a given level being connected to the end of a longitudinal pipe arranged at the bottom or the top by at at least one vertical bent pipe element, the pipes of the upper levels being arranged in slightly sloping downward slopes preferably at an angle of less than 10 ° with respect to the horizontal in the direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid from a supply orifice higher than the level of an upper transverse connector to a lower discharge port ure at a first lower transverse connector.
  • This particular structure of the tubular heat exchanger is adapted to the parallelepipedal shape of the nitrate dissolving tank and allows optimization of the heat distribution in the tank.
  • the greatest number of pipes in the lower stage of the exchanger is intended to heat the water initially introduced into the tank optimally to an initial temperature above 65-70 degrees Celsius, because it is at this stage, that the maximum number of calories is required.
  • the upper stage makes it possible to heat the rest of the first tank when the volume of aqueous phase (18-20%) contained in the first tank, in particular around 4 T, increases during the dissolution of the nitrate granules (80-82%), in particular about 20 T to form about 24 T of aqueous phase.
  • the presence of agitators between these two heating elements makes it possible to better distribute the heat within the first tank and to promote the homogeneous dissolution of the nitrate granules in the tank.
  • the parallel pipes belonging substantially to the same stage of the exchanger are inclined towards the bottom of the vessel in order to promote the flow of steam.
  • the network of continuous cylindrical pipes, some of which are oriented towards the bottom of the parallelepipedal tank, allows better circulation of the steam and the collection of condensates at the outlet of the tank.
  • the roof of the first container and the ceiling of said first tank are provided with first openings facing each other surrounded by first vertical walls of preferably removable extensions extending from the ceiling.
  • first vertical walls of preferably removable extensions extending from the ceiling.
  • the nitrate preferably being conveyed into the first tank by means of a discharge screw, the nitrate being distributed inside the first tank in the direction of the first stirring means using 'at least one deflector disposed below the first opening in the ceiling of the first tank, said first openings in the ceiling of the first tank and in the roof of the first container being preferably closable, being able to be closed during the transport of said first container and said first tank .
  • the space used by the first parallelepipedal tank in the first container is maximized, the elements interacting with the first tank are not enclosed in the first container and can protrude therefrom. They are also easily removable.
  • the dismantling of the nitrate conveying means during transport is facilitated by the presence of a removable extension facing an opening located on the roof of the container.
  • the roof of the first container and the ceiling of the first tank comprise second openings facing each other, surrounded by second vertical riser walls, preferably removable, said second riser walls s' extending from the ceiling of the first vessel to above the roof of the first container, said second riser walls supporting first agitation means comprising at least one vertical rod extending inside the first vessel on which are mounted rotating stirring blades capable of being actuated in rotation around a vertical axis with the aid of a motor, said motor being preferably non-permanently attached to the roof of the first container, said second openings preferably being closable, thus being able to be sealed during transport.
  • Disassembly of the agitator motor during transport is facilitated by the presence of a removable extension opposite an opening on the roof of the container.
  • the second container dedicated to the preparation of the oily phase comprises a single second tank supported by load cells comprising, inside the second tank, second heating means comprising a second heat exchanger of helical shape.
  • the use of a weigh cell allows, advantageously, to know precisely the quantity of oily phase remaining in the second tank after preparation of the emulsion in order to calculate the quantity of oily phase to be produced for the next production cycle.
  • the second weighing tank also makes it possible to control the quantity of oily phase produced during each new production cycle.
  • the third container dedicated to the preparation of the emulsion comprises a said third mixing tank, a shearing device for stabilizing the emulsion and increasing in a controlled manner the viscosity of the emulsion discharged from said third. tank in the direction of a fourth buffer tank intended to temporarily collect the emulsion prepared in said third tank for analysis and / or to facilitate sampling before evacuation, preferably to an external tank for storing the emulsion outside of the third container, and the second container and / or the third container comprise furniture and analytical laboratory equipment, a control panel for the various said means of circulation by pumping, means of stirring and heating means.
  • the oily phase being previously heated to 50-60 ° C before being introduced into the emulsion preparation tank, heating the third tank is not necessary during the preparation of the emulsion.
  • the emulsion obtained exhibits at the production temperature a low viscosity of 6000-8000 cps.
  • the viscosity of the emulsion obtained is increased in a controlled manner by passing the emulsion through a shearing device.
  • the emulsion regains sufficient stability and a consistency suitable for the subsequent preparation of the explosive.
  • the buffer tank is intended to temporarily collect the emulsion before its subsequent storage in a silo or a storage tank.
  • the buffer tank allows emulsion to be taken for quality control without having to stop the production of the emulsion continuously.
  • the laboratory and a control panel and an electrical cabinet allow the operator to have all the elements necessary to control the preparation of the emulsion in the second and third containers.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible to produce the emulsion continuously and to increase the production yield of the emulsion.
  • the emulsion obtained being of low viscosity
  • the emulsion has insufficient stability and a consistency unsuitable for its subsequent use for the preparation of the explosive. Therefore, the viscosity of the resulting emulsion is increased in a controlled manner via a shear member to a viscosity set point of 10,000 to 35,000 cps (centipoise).
  • the quantity of emulsion present in the emulsion preparation tank being minimal, the safety of the installation is improved.
  • the modular installation 1 comprises a first container 100 dedicated to the preparation of the aqueous phase, a second container 200 dedicated to the preparation of the oily phase and a third container 300 dedicated to the preparation of the inverse emulsion by mixing the aqueous phases. and oily.
  • Each of the first, second and third containers 100, 200 and 300 is equipped with first, second and third tanks 110, 210, 310 dedicated to the preparation of the aqueous phase for the first tank 110, the preparation of the oily phase for the second tank 210 and the preparation of the emulsion by mixing the aqueous phase and oily phase incorporating a surfactant for the third tank 310.
  • These three containers also contain pumping means 190a, 190b, 280, 290, 305 and 336 allowing the conveyance of the fluids concerned via pipes for transferring fluids in or towards the different tanks as described below.
  • FIG. 1 there is also shown a fourth container 400 containing the means for supplying heat transfer fluid, more particularly a boiler 410 producing steam as well as a fifth container 500 containing means for producing electricity, namely a generator set 510 as well as optionally, a sixth container 600 containing means for cooling the emulsion produced using a cooling tower 610 described below.
  • a fourth container 400 containing the means for supplying heat transfer fluid, more particularly a boiler 410 producing steam as well as a fifth container 500 containing means for producing electricity, namely a generator set 510 as well as optionally, a sixth container 600 containing means for cooling the emulsion produced using a cooling tower 610 described below.
  • transverse direction is understood to mean a horizontal direction perpendicular to the horizontal longitudinal direction of the container concerned or of the first tank.
  • front wall or “front part” is understood to mean a wall or a part closest to the rectangular access course 1a described below.
  • the second container 200 comprises a laboratory equipped with equipment and furniture 250 making it possible to control the quality of the products resulting from the various phases of preparation of the emulsion.
  • the third container 300 includes a control panel 330, a fourth buffer tank 320 and an electrical control cabinet 340.
  • the buffer tank 320 is intended to temporarily collect the emulsion from the third tank before its subsequent storage in a silo. or an external storage tank 50 using an evacuation pipe 335 passing through an opening 370b in the second longitudinal wall 300c of the third container 300, said pipe cooperating with a transfer pump 336.
  • the large openings 275 and 375 facing the second and third juxtaposed containers 200 and 300 have a dimension in the longitudinal direction of the containers of about half the length of the container, personnel can operate at the same time. 'inside the second and third containers, in particular with regard to the control of the second tank and also with regard to the analysis of the productions of the third tank by passing easily from one container to the other of the set of the second and third containers 200 and 300 forming when the large openings 275 and 375 are open the same large container. These large openings 275 and 375 therefore allow better management of the space of the second and third containers and improved ergonomics.
  • first, second and third small size standard containers of about 6.1 m (20 feet), only the fourth container including the boiler 410 being a large size container of standard size d. 'about 12.2 m (40 feet). It is also possible to install all the equipment for the boiler 410 in two small juxtaposed containers communicating via a passage made in the side walls facing each other (idem 275 and 375).
  • Additional doors 360 and 260 on the rear transverse side walls of the second and third containers as well as a door 261 on the front transverse wall of the second container as well as the communication between the second and third containers 200 and 300 through the opening 275 and 375 allow rapid evacuation in the event of an incident, either to the access course 1a or to the rear of the second or third container.
  • the installation according to the invention allows the separation of the aqueous and oily phases in two different containers on either side of the emulsion preparation container. which constitutes the important characteristic of the safety of the modular installation according to the invention.
  • the intercalation of the third container with the third mixing tank 310 between the first container 100 and second container 200 as described above also makes it possible to optimize the lengths of the fluid transfer line between the different tanks, in particular the length of the tubes. transfer lines conveying the aqueous phase and the oily phase to the third tank 310 being relatively small.
  • the passage of an operator from one to the other is facilitated by the presence of a door 261 on the front transverse wall 200a of the second container 200 and doors 160 on the front transverse wall of the first container 100.
  • the doors 160 allow access to a pumping unit 190.
  • the first dissolving tank 110 is accessible, for maintenance operations, only through the roof when the tank 110 is empty. Staff safety is thereby improved. Secure access to the roof of the first container 100 is possible thanks to a staircase 101 and barriers 102 on the roof 103. Raising walls 145 delimiting an opening at the level of the ceiling 110a of the first tank opens out above the roof 103 of the first container and closed by a plate 146 allowing access when the plate 146 is removed inside the first tank 110 as described below.
  • a fifth container 500 comprises in addition to the generator 510, a compressor 520 which has the function of supplying air to a pneumatic pump 280 for transferring the oil and surfactant on the one hand and a pneumatic pump 336 for transferring the oil. other emulsion.
  • the pumps 190a, 190b, 290 and 305 are electric pumps.
  • the installation also comprises a cistern 30 containing a water reserve used to supply water to the installation and in particular the first tank 110 and the boiler 410.
  • the cistern 30 is mounted on frames of the size of containers. standards in order to facilitate its transport to the place of installation.
  • external tanks containing the raw materials such as nitrates in a large flexible container 10 and the oily phase components such as oil, fuel oil and surfactants in external tanks 20 are easily transportable to the environment. help of a forklift 40 and are of suitable size so that they can be stored in standard containers or in installation containers.
  • the installation optionally comprises a sixth container 600 comprising an optional emulsion cooling module 610.
  • the cooling module comprises, for example, a cooling tower 615 associated with a plate heat exchanger 620.
  • this module is not implemented in the installation but could easily be by connecting the cooling module to the third container 300 dedicated to the preparation of the emulsion by means of a hydraulic pipe (not shown ) passing through an opening vis-à-vis a corresponding opening 370c made on the second rear longitudinal wall 300c of the third container 300.
  • the modular installation 1 consists of first, second, third, fifth and sixth containers of standard size of about 6.1 m in length (20 feet) only the fourth container 400 containing the boiler. 410, being a container of about 12.2 m in length (40 feet) due to the large amount of steam intended to be supplied to the facility.
  • the first container 100 including the first dissolving tank 110 may consist of a container of approximately 6.1 m in length (20 feet) with a height of 30 cm greater than the standard containers of approximately 6.1 m in height. length (20 feet), called "high cube", due to the sizing of the first tank.
  • These containers are made of sheet steel as standard.
  • the openings of said containers are closable and can be closed and reinforced during the transport of the containers by means of removable closure elements.
  • the container uses a configuration adapted to its transport among other standard containers. A possible damage to the containers due to the presence of eccentric elements or openings weakening the structure of the container is thus avoided.
  • the openings can be intended to facilitate the passage of people, for maintenance operations in particular, or to allow the passage of electric cables and hydraulic pipes allowing communication between the various containers.
  • the openings 170 and 370a at the level of the first and third containers 100 and 300 allow the passage of a portion of the transfer line for the aqueous phase coming from the first container 100 connected to a portion of the line 313 itself connected to the third tank. for preparing the emulsion 310 cooperating with a flowmeter 311b for controlling the flow rate of the aqueous phase inside the third container 300.
  • a steam transfer line 430 extends from the boiler 410 through an opening 270b of the second longitudinal wall 200c of the second container to supply a line 292 inside the second container connected to the upper end 222 of a helical tubular heat exchanger 220 inside the second tank 210.
  • a transfer line 293 allows the delivery of the components of the oily phase (oil, fuel oil and surfactants) to said second tank 210 by means of a pump 280 inside the second container from connection valves 281, 282 and 283 to which are connected supply lines for each of the components from the tank 20 passing through an opening 270a of the second longitudinal side wall 200c of the second container.
  • a transfer line 325 allows the emulsion to be transferred using a pump 305 from the third tank 310 to a buffer tank 320 or to a discharge line 335 cooperating with a valve 336 or an outlet to a tank. storage 40 by passing through an opening 370b of the second longitudinal side wall 300c of the third container 300.
  • a steam transfer line 420 extends from the boiler 410 through the second and third containers through the openings 270b of the second longitudinal side wall 200c and large opening 275 of the first longitudinal side wall 200b of the second container and the large opening 375 of the first longitudinal side wall 300b of the third container or passes over the second and third containers to supply a pipe 171 connected to the upper port 121 of the tubular heat exchanger 120 of the first container described below via the valve 170.
  • the various openings of the containers described above or below namely the openings 170a and 175 of the first container, the openings 270a and 275 of the second container, the openings 370b, 370a and 370c of the third container are rectangular openings of dimension d 'approximately 50 cm x 50 cm.
  • the electric cables and the hydraulic pipes may consist of cable portions or respectively pipe portions comprising at their ends connection elements and more particularly pluggable, said connection elements at the ends of the cables and pipes being fixed at the level. openings of said containers comprising plugs for connecting said cable connection elements and plugs for connecting said connecting elements to the ends of said pipes.
  • the dissolution tank 110 of the first container 100 is parallelepipedal and adapted to the dimensions of the first container 100, which is also parallelepiped.
  • the first tank 100 has 5 walls of substantially the same dimensions (other than in the longitudinal direction) as 5 walls of the first container against which they are applied, a sixth front transverse side wall 110b of the first tank is however set back from the wall. front transverse side comprising the doors 160 of the first container so as to provide a compartment which can receive a pumping unit 190.
  • the pumping unit 190 supplies the parallelepipedic tank 110 with water coming from the tank 30 with the pump 190b and ensures the transfer of the aqueous phase from the first tank 110 to the pipe portion 313 connected to the third tank 310 for preparing the emulsion with the pump 190a.
  • Access to the pumping unit 190, for handling operations, is facilitated by the presence in the immediate vicinity of the doors 160 of the front transverse wall of the container 100 but also by the presence of an opening 175 made on the rear longitudinal wall 100b of the first container with regard to the pumping unit 190.
  • the mass proportions used for the preparation of the inverse emulsion being from 85 to 95% and preferably from 90 to 94% of aqueous phase for 15 to 5% and preferably 10 to 6% of oily phase
  • the production capacity of the modular installation 1 depends directly on the quantity of aqueous phase produced during a cycle of preparation of the emulsion.
  • the first tank 110 is closed and is only accessible through the ceiling 110a where openings are formed surrounded by vertical raising walls 135, 136 and 145, the upper ends of which pass through openings in the roof 103 of the first container 100 and protrude above the roof 103 of the first container 100.
  • Said vertical riser walls 145 form a cylinder with a square or rectangular section substantially in the center of the ceiling 110a of the first tank, while the small riser walls 135 and 136 arranged on either side of the large ones.
  • riser walls 145 are cylindrical in shape with a circular section but may have at their base a plate with a square section to close the possible corresponding square opening of the ceiling 110a of the first tank.
  • said first container in addition to the side openings 170, 175 and 370a as well as its door 160 also comprises openings at its roof 103 opposite the openings of said first tank, namely two small openings corresponding to the small extension walls 135 and 136 and a large opening with square or rectangular section allowing the large cylindrical extension wall with square or rectangular section 145 to pass through.
  • Two small raising walls 135 and 136 respectively support vertical rods 130c and 131c extending inside the first tank 110 and each supporting two rotary blades 130a, 130b capable of being actuated in rotation about an axis constituted by said rods 131a, 131b.
  • Said rotary blades are actuated in rotation by rotary drive motors 130d and 131d arranged above the roof 103 of the first container 100 to constitute stirrers 130 and 131 within the first tank.
  • Large side walls 145 located between the two small riser walls 135 and 136, opens out substantially at the center of the roof 110a of the first tank 110 and delimits a manhole through which the nitrate granules are conveyed from an external storage tank 10 to the first tank 110 driven by an external discharge screw 140.
  • the riser walls 135, 136 and 155 When transporting the first container, the riser walls 135, 136 and 155 can be separated from the roof of the first tank and the corresponding openings on the roof 103 of the first container from the ceiling 110a of the first tank can be closed using plates also making it possible to reinforce the structure of the container during its transport.
  • the elements supported by said small riser walls 135, 136, namely the rods forming the axes of rotation 130c and 131c and the motors 130d and 131d and the discharge screw 140 for the large riser wall 145 can also be dismantled and stored. for their transport.
  • a deflector 141 disposed under the central opening delimited by the large extension walls 145 at the top of the roof 110a of the first tank 110 allows the nitrate granules to be deflected in the direction of the two stirrers 130 and 131.
  • the granules are easily rotated by the agitators and dissolved in the solution present in the tank.
  • the granules could fall in the middle of the tank, beyond sufficient reach of the action of the agitators / mixers.
  • the first tank 110 comprises a heat exchanger 120 consisting of a set of three stages 122, 123 and 124 of longitudinal pipes of circular section, parallel and connected to each other in continuity by horizontal pipe elements or transverse connectors 126a to 126f and 128a, 128b for pipes arranged in the same said floor.
  • parallel pipes of the same floor is understood here to mean that the pipes of the same floor have their axes situated in parallel planes, said pipes being however slightly inclined at an angle of less than 10 ° with respect to the horizontal, as will be described below, do not have their axes strictly parallel to each other.
  • conduits of the exchanger 120 form a continuous network of conduits in which the water vapor coming from the boiler 410 circulates.
  • the ends of certain longitudinal conduits at the different stages of the exchanger are connected to those of one stage immediately. upper or lower by elbow vertical pipe elements extending in a vertical plane also called vertical connectors 127a, 127b below.
  • the longitudinal pipes are grouped together so as to provide a central free space 120a.
  • This free central space 120a allows the passage of the rotating rods and blades of the agitators 130 and 131.
  • the third or lower stage 124 on the other hand substantially uniformly covers the entire surface of the floor of the first tank, the longitudinal pipes being spaced therein in the direction. transverse of the same distance from each other.
  • the small blades 130a and 131a of the agitators 130 and 131 are located in height between the second and third stages 122 and 123 of the exchanger 120 near the pipes of the third stage 124.
  • the large blades 130b and 131b of the agitators 130 and 131 are located above the pipes of the first stage 122 of the exchanger 120.
  • the structure of the exchanger 120 and the location of the blades or agitators 130 and 131 are particularly suitable for dissolving nitrates in a parallelepipedal tank.
  • the adjacent parallel longitudinal pipes of the same floor are of reverse inclinations and their ends on the same longitudinal side are connected to each other by horizontal transverse connectors.
  • the end of at least one longitudinal pipe of each stage is connected to one end on the same side of at least one pipe of a lower or upper stage by angled vertical connectors 127a, 127b.
  • the inclination of the various parallel longitudinal conduits favors the flow of the steam and the recovery of the condensates formed by the cooling of the steam in contact with the water or the aqueous phase are promoted at the level of the lower stage.
  • the exchanger 120 of the figure 3 comprises 22 longitudinal pipes, the longitudinal axes of which are arranged in planes parallel to each other.
  • the 22 longitudinal pipes are arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical median plane of the exchanger.
  • the longitudinal pipes are located near the bottom wall 110c of the tank 110, said parallel longitudinal pipes 124a to 124 are spaced substantially the same distance in the transverse direction.
  • a first transverse connector 128a comprises a central discharge orifice 129 constituting a lower outlet orifice of the exchanger 120 allowing the output of the calorific fluid from the exchanger before it does. is transferred and reheated in the boiler 410 and then redirected to the upper supply port 121 described below.
  • a first upper transverse connector 126a comprising a central supply orifice 121 supplies the ends of the same side of the 2 longitudinal pipes 122c and 122d delimiting said central space 120a.
  • the 2 pipes 122c and 122d are slightly inclined downwardly towards their other longitudinal end up to 2 upper transverse connectors 126b connecting them to the longitudinal ends on the same side of the 2 pipes 122b and 122e respectively.
  • These pipes 122b and 122e are in turn inclined in reverse downward slope towards their other longitudinal ends up to transverse connectors 126c connecting them to the longitudinal ends on the same side of the 2 outer pipes 122a and 122f respectively (the most distant therefore from the empty central space 120a).
  • the vertical connectors 127a formed of bent pipe elements ensure the connection of said pipes 122a and 122f to the ends located on the same longitudinal side of the pipes 123c and 123d of the second stage of pipes 123.
  • the 6 longitudinal conduits parallel to each other 123a to 123f of the second stage 123 are also grouped into 2 groups of 3 conduits arranged symmetrically respectively on each side of the empty central space 120a above the third stage of conduits, namely a first group of pipes 123a, 123b and 123c and a second group of pipes 123d, 123e and 123f.
  • the 2 internal longitudinal conduits 123c and 123d of the second stage delimiting the central space 120a are connected to the 2 adjacent conduits 123b and 123e respectively by first intermediate transverse connectors 126th at the longitudinal end opposite that of the first angled vertical connectors 127a.
  • first vertical angled connectors 127a ensure the connection between the external conduits 122a and 122f with the internal conduits of the second stage 123c and 123d, it is understood that said vertical bent connectors 127a have a horizontal conduit section in the transverse direction 126f.
  • the 2 conduits 123c and 123d are also inclined on a slope in the opposite direction with respect to the conduits 123b and 123e respectively so as to be sloping downward towards their other longitudinal ends to the second intermediate horizontal transverse connectors 126d ensuring their connection with the ends longitudinal on the same longitudinal side of the 2 external pipes of the second stage 123a and 123f respectively.
  • the other longitudinal ends located on the same side as the supply 121 and discharge 129 ports, of the 2 external pipes of the second stage 123a and 123f respectively, are connected to the longitudinal ends on the same side of the 2 external pipes of the third stage 124a and 124i by second vertical bent connectors 127b.
  • the 2 end conduits 124a and 124j of the third stage 124 are inclined downward from their ends connected to the second vertical connectors 127b to their ends connected to second lower horizontal transverse connectors 128b arranged on the opposite side in the longitudinal direction to the side comprising the supply orifice 121 and discharge orifice 129.
  • the 8 parallel longitudinal pipes 124b to 124i of the third floor or lower floor are substantially horizontal or inclined in the opposite direction to that of the 2 external pipes 124a and 124j from said second horizontal transverse connectors 128b towards their other longitudinal ends all connected to the same first lower transverse connector 128a allowing the evacuation of the calorific fluid (vapor) to the central supply port 129.
  • water from the tank 30 is introduced into the first tank 110 until it covers the third stage or lower stage 124 of the exchanger, i.e. approximately 1/8 th the height of the tank, ie from 2000 to 5000l, more particularly about 4000 +/- 500 (liters).
  • the quantity of water introduced into the tank is measured using a flow meter connected to the central PLC.
  • the exchanger 120 is supplied with water vapor and the mixers are activated. The water is thus heated by contact with the third stage 124 of the exchanger associated with the action of the agitator mixers 130 and 131.
  • a first portion of ammonium nitrate is introduced into the first tank 110 by the discharge screw 140 with a flow rate of 15 t / h.
  • another portion of nitrate is introduced into the first tank. This is done until an amount of about 20T of nitrates has been added to the solution of about 4T of water to obtain about 24T of aqueous phase.
  • the pH and humidity are controlled and corrected, if necessary, by adding water to the tank or a weak acid.
  • a dissolution additive for example based on thiourea or sodium thiocyanate, is also added, ie approximately 100 kg.
  • the first tank When the first tank is filled, above the first stage 122, it comprises mass proportions of approximately 80-82% of nitrate and 18-20% and 0.2 to 0.6% of additives.
  • the amount of heat required to dissolve the nitrate supplied by the heat exchanger 120 is approximately 6000 Mega Joules.
  • the figures 4A and 4B describe the second container 200 in particular dedicated to the preparation of the oily phase, second step of the process.
  • the oily phase is obtained by homogeneous mixture of new or recovered mineral oil (recycled) such as paraffinic oils and fuel oil in proportions varying from 0% to 100%, preferably 50% to 80% of oil to which a surfactant of the nonionic type is added in a proportion by mass of 10 to 30% of the total of the oily phase thus obtained.
  • the surfactant aims to facilitate the mixing of the aqueous phase in the oily phase in the form of an inverse emulsion during the third stage of the process within the third container.
  • the second container 200 comprises a tank for preparing the oily phase called second tank 210 which is partly cylindrical with a circular section mounted on load cells 240 with an internal volume of V2 of about 3000 l and further comprises furniture and laboratory equipment from analysis 250.
  • second tank 210 which is partly cylindrical with a circular section mounted on load cells 240 with an internal volume of V2 of about 3000 l and further comprises furniture and laboratory equipment from analysis 250.
  • the load cells 240 make it possible to evaluate the weight of the second tank and of its container in order to control the quantities of oily phase produced or remaining as explained below.
  • Laboratory 250 allows to control the quality of the products resulting from the various stages of preparation of the emulsion and the final product.
  • the second vessel 210 is a cylindrical vessel with a circular section and comprises within it an internal helical heat exchanger 220 disposed near the internal face of the cylindrical wall of the exchanger.
  • the second tank 210 comprises inside the helical exchanger 220 a mixer 230 with rotating blades supported by a vertical rod forming the axis of rotation 230b driven in rotation by a motor 230c placed above the ceiling 210a of the second tank 210
  • the helical tubular exchanger 220 is supplied to its upper opening 222 with water vapor coming from the boiler 410 and allows the oily phase to be heated to a temperature above 40-45 ° C, preferably 50-60 ° C.
  • the exchanger 220 and the mixer 230a make it possible to obtain a homogeneous oily phase.
  • the fuel oil, the oil and the surfactant are introduced successively into the second tank through the upper opening 293a at the level of the ceiling 210a.
  • a system of pumps and valves controlled from a control panel 330 makes it possible to select the type of fluid introduced into the second tank 210 via the end 293a of a transfer pipe 293, the other end of which is connected to the pump 280 itself connected to the external tanks 20 of fuel oil, oil and surfactants via pipes connected to pipe connection valves 281, 182 and 283 respectively.
  • the quantity of oily phase introduced is measured, during filling, using load cells 240 making it possible to evaluate the weight of the second tank 210.
  • the agitator 230 When fuel oil and oil have been introduced into the second tank according to the desired quantity, the agitator 230 is rotated (or actuated) and steam is introduced into the exchanger 220 through the opening 222 of the upper end of the helical coil of the exchanger 220. The surfactant is then introduced into the second tank 210.
  • the quantity of steam introduced into the exchanger 220 is regulated so as to obtain the desired temperature of 40-60 ° C, preferably 50-55 ° C in the second tank.
  • the oily phase obtained is then kept at constant temperature in the second tank 210 before being conveyed to a portion of pipe 312 connected to the third tank 310 for preparing the emulsion in the third container 300 according to a mass flow rate regulated by a flowmeter 311a in the third container described below.
  • the figure 4B shows a rear view in which the various openings of the second container are shown.
  • the opening 270a of the second longitudinal wall 200C of the second container gives access to said valves 281, 282, 283 intended to be connected to pipes which are themselves connected to external storage tanks 20 for fuel oil, oil and surfactants.
  • the upper opening 270b of the wall 200c gives access to a valve 284 possibly cooperating with a connecting hose 292 supplied with water vapor by the boiler 410.
  • the second container 200 also includes a door 261 on its front transverse wall intended to facilitate the passage of an operator to the pumping unit 190 of the container 100 and the doors 260 on its rear transverse wall which can serve as an emergency exit in the event of an incident.
  • the figures 5A , 5B and 5C represent the third container 300 for preparing the emulsion, the last step of the process for preparing the emulsion by mixing the aqueous phase and the oily phase.
  • the emulsion is produced in the third tank 310 by mixing the aqueous phase in the oily phase, the third tank 310 being equipped with agitators 350.
  • the oily phase is produced, during a previous step, at a temperature of 50. at 55 ° C in order to facilitate the temperature difference with the aqueous phase at 80-85 ° C and to facilitate mixing of the two phases.
  • the emulsion produced in the third tank 310 being of low viscosity, its consistency makes it unsuitable for its subsequent use for the preparation of the explosive.
  • the emulsion is therefore sent, after underdrawing, to a shearing device 315 making it possible to increase the viscosity of the emulsion to a set value.
  • the emulsion is then stored temporarily in a buffer tank 320 before being conveyed subsequently to a silo or a storage tank, not shown.
  • Temporary storage of the emulsion makes it easy to take samples for quality control at the 250 laboratory. This allows the operator to verify the composition and physical properties of the emulsion without reaching the end of a production run. . He can also have a visual control of the nature of the emulsion produced.
  • the preparation of the emulsion in the third tank 310 takes place in two sub-steps.
  • the third tank 310 is filled with aqueous phase and with oily phase in proportions by mass of 85-95% of aqueous phase for 5-15% of oily phase using flow meters mass 311a and 311b.
  • the third tank 310 is continuously supplied with aqueous phase and with oily phase, while pump 305 continuously withdraws an equivalent quantity of fluid emulsion and sends it into the organ. shear capacity 315.
  • the respect of the percentage aqueous phase / oily phase being guaranteed at all times by the use of pumps equipped with mass flow meters.
  • the mass flow rate of filling of the aqueous phase will be approximately 13 times greater than that of the oily phase.
  • the two sub-steps follow one another so that the third tank 310 is never empty, the emulsion underdraft rate coming from the tank 310 being constant.
  • the tank 210 must contain the excess oily phase because the mixing tank or third tank 310 is fed continuously from the first tank 110 and from the second tank 210 until the first tank 110 is exhausted.
  • the opening 370a in the front transverse wall 300a of the third container adjacent to the first container 100 allows the passage of pipes the delivery of the aqueous phase from the first tank 110 to the third tank 310 for preparing the emulsion comprising a pipe 313 cooperating with an adjustable flowmeter 311b inside the third container.
  • connection element at the end of the pipe portion 313 allowing a rapid connection to be made with a pipe portion extending inside the first container connected to the pumping unit 190 and to the first tank.
  • the other openings 370b, 370c and 370d of the third container are located on its rear longitudinal wall 300c not adjacent to the second container.
  • the opening 370d located above the third tank 310 for preparing the emulsion makes it possible to communicate with an optional device for extracting vapors from the third tank 310 for preparing the emulsion via pipes. hydraulic.
  • the opening 370b located behind the buffer tank 320 and allows the routing of the emulsion to a silo or a storage tank 50 via an evacuation pipe 335 cooperating with a valve 336.
  • a pipe 420 is used to supply the first tank of the first container while a steam pipe 430 is used to supply via a connection 284 at the orifice 270b of the free longitudinal wall 200c of the second container, a supply pipe 292 of the end 222 of the helical coil of the exchanger 220.
  • the boiler 410 provides the modular steam installation. It could be considered, in other embodiments, that the boiler supplies the installation with hot fluid and in particular hot water.
  • ammonium nitrate is used for the preparation of the aqueous phase.
  • Sodium or calcium nitrates could also be used.
  • the fuel oil and the oil used for the preparation of the oily phase can be replaced by other vegetable and / or mineral oils.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Description

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

La présente invention concerne une installation et un procédé de préparation d'un précurseur d'émulsion explosive constitués d'une émulsion inverse (d'eau dans l'huile) sur site.The present invention relates to an installation and a method for preparing an explosive emulsion precursor consisting of an inverse emulsion (water in oil) on site.

Afin de limiter les risques liés au transport, les précurseurs d'explosifs sont fabriqués sur site par émulsion d'une phase aqueuse concentrée, notamment sursaturée en nitrates constituant un comburant dans une phase huileuse contenant un agent tensioactif et constituant un mélange de combustibles.In order to limit the risks associated with transport, the explosives precursors are manufactured on site by emulsifying a concentrated aqueous phase, in particular supersaturated with nitrates constituting an oxidizer in an oily phase containing a surfactant and constituting a mixture of fuels.

La phase aqueuse est préparée typiquement par dissolution de nitrates d'ammonium, et/ou de sodium et/ou de calcium dans de l'eau dans laquelle on ajoute des additifs favorisant la gazéification et des additifs permettant d'ajuster le pH de la phase aqueuse. En raison de la grande concentration de nitrates (en proportion pondérale d'environ 80-82% pour 18-20% d'eau) et afin de faciliter leur dissolution, l'eau est chauffée à une température d'au moins 65° C (degrés Celsius).The aqueous phase is typically prepared by dissolving ammonium nitrates, and / or sodium and / or calcium in water to which additives are added to promote gasification and additives to adjust the pH of the phase. watery. Due to the large concentration of nitrates (in a weight proportion of about 80-82% for 18-20% of water) and in order to facilitate their dissolution, the water is heated to a temperature of at least 65 ° C. (degrees Celsius).

La phase huileuse se compose d'un mélange de différents corps gras végétaux ou minéraux et d'agents tensioactifs. Plus particulièrement, la phase huileuse obtenue par mélange d'huiles minérales neuves ou de récupération telle que des huiles paraffiniques et de fioul, de préférence dans une proportion pondérale de 50/50 à 80/20 avec une quantité d'agent tensioactif dans une proportion de 10 à 30% du total de la phase huileuseThe oily phase consists of a mixture of various vegetable or mineral fatty substances and surfactants. More particularly, the oily phase obtained by mixing new or recovered mineral oils such as paraffinic oils and fuel oil, preferably in a proportion by weight of 50/50 to 80/20 with an amount of surfactant in a proportion from 10 to 30% of the total oily phase

Pour favoriser le mélange et réduire l'écart de température entre la phase aqueuse et la phase huileuse avant leur mélange dans l'émulsion, la phase huileuse est chauffée à environ 40 - 90° C, de préférence 50-70°C.To promote mixing and reduce the temperature difference between the aqueous phase and the oily phase before mixing them into the emulsion, the oily phase is heated to about 40-90 ° C, preferably 50-70 ° C.

Pour le mélange et l'obtention de l'émulsion, on prépare un prémix de viscosité faible dans une cuve contenant des moyens d'agitation. De par sa faible viscosité, ce prémix a une stabilité insuffisante et une consistance impropre à son usage ultérieur pour la préparation de l'explosif. C'est pourquoi on augmente la viscosité du prémix à l'aide d'un dispositif de cisaillement pour obtenir une émulsion de viscosité plus élevée.For mixing and obtaining the emulsion, a premix of low viscosity is prepared in a tank containing stirring means. Due to its low viscosity, this premix has insufficient stability and a consistency unsuitable for its subsequent use for the preparation of the explosive. This is why the viscosity of the premix is increased using a shearing device to obtain an emulsion of higher viscosity.

En raison de la spécificité de l'émulsion constituant le précurseur d'explosif, celui-ci est fabriqué avantageusement sur site dans une installation modulaire transportable et montable sur site dans des conteneurs. Afin de faciliter le transport, les éléments permettant la mise en œuvre du procédé de fabrication du précurseur sont transportés dans des conteneurs. L'agencement de ces éléments au sein des conteneurs est fait de telle sorte qu'il nécessite le moins d'opérations possibles relatives au montage de l'installation.Due to the specificity of the emulsion constituting the explosive precursor, the latter is advantageously manufactured on site in a modular installation which can be transported and assembled on site in containers. In order to facilitate transport, the elements allowing the implementation of the precursor manufacturing process are transported in containers. The arrangement of these elements within the containers is made in such a way that it requires the least possible operations relating to the assembly of the installation.

Plus particulièrement, la présente invention concerne une installation modulaire permettant la mise en œuvre d'un procédé de fabrication d'un précurseur d'émulsion explosive constitué d'une émulsion inverse d'eau dans l'huile telle que définie selon la revendication 1.More particularly, the present invention relates to a modular installation allowing the implementation of a method of manufacturing an explosive emulsion precursor consisting of an inverse water-in-oil emulsion as defined according to claim 1.

On connait dans US 4 526 633 et GB 2 126 910 , des petites installations mobiles notamment sous forme d'un camion prenant une plateforme supportant des cuves notamment de stockage de phase aqueuse et respectivement de phase huileuse ainsi que des moyens de fabrication d'un explosif in situ par mélange desdites phase aqueuse et phase huileuse et autres composants. Ces petites installations présentent une capacité de production réduite d'une part, et d'autre part sont relativement dangereuses du fait du transport de comburant (phase aqueuse) et combustible (phase huileuse) à proximité l'un de l'autre sans séparation physique sécurisée des cuves. En outre, il est nécessaire d'isoler thermiquement la cuve contenant ladite phase aqueuse pour éviter notamment la cristallisation de ladite phase aqueuse. Enfin, dans ces procédés, on n'isole pas spécifiquement un précurseur d'explosif contenant uniquement le mélange des phases aqueuse et huileuse sans agent sensibilisant. Il en résulte un procédé et un dispositif relativement complexe et coûteux à mettre en œuvre.We know in US 4,526,633 and GB 2 126 910 , small mobile installations in particular in the form of a truck taking a platform supporting tanks in particular for the storage of the aqueous phase and respectively of the oily phase as well as means for manufacturing an explosive in situ by mixing said aqueous phase and oily phase and other components. These small installations have a reduced production capacity on the one hand, and on the other hand are relatively dangerous due to the transport of oxidizer (aqueous phase) and fuel (oily phase) close to each other without physical separation. secure tanks. In addition, it is necessary to thermally insulate the tank containing said aqueous phase in order in particular to avoid crystallization of said aqueous phase. Finally, in these processes, an explosive precursor containing only the mixture of the aqueous and oily phases without a sensitizing agent is not specifically isolated. This results in a relatively complex and expensive method and device to implement.

On connaît de l'art antérieur une installation modulaire composée essentiellement de deux grands conteneurs d'environ 12,2 m (40 pieds) juxtaposés et communiquant sur l'une de leurs faces longitudinales. L'un des conteneurs comprend des cuves de dissolution pour la préparation de la phase aqueuse ainsi qu'une chaudière séparée par une cloison. L'autre conteneur comprend les cuves de préparation de la phase huileuse et de l'émulsion inverse ainsi qu'une installation électrique séparée. Ainsi, les trois étapes de préparation de l'émulsion se trouvent dans un conteneur commun. Le fait que les trois étapes de préparation de l'émulsion se trouvent dans un même conteneur présente des risques pour la sécurité du site et/ou des opérateurs en cas d'incident et/ou d'avarie.A modular installation is known from the prior art consisting essentially of two large containers of approximately 12.2 m (40 feet) juxtaposed and communicating on one of their longitudinal faces. One of the containers comprises dissolution tanks for the preparation of the aqueous phase as well as a boiler separated by a partition. The other container includes the oil phase and reverse emulsion preparation tanks as well as a separate electrical installation. Thus, the three stages of preparation of the emulsion are in a common container. The fact that the three stages of preparation of the emulsion are in the same container presents risks for the safety of the site and / or the operators in the event of an incident and / or damage.

De plus, le transport de conteneurs d'une telle grande taille n'est pas aisé. Or, il est souhaitable de pouvoir transporter les conteneurs déjà installés car si l'installation est assemblée sur site, elle nécessite le déplacement de personnel qualifié, ce qui engendre des coûts supplémentaires, notamment si l'on souhaite ajouter des éléments optionnels par la suite.In addition, the transport of containers of such a large size is not easy. However, it is desirable to be able to transport the containers already installed because if the installation is assembled on site, it requires the movement of qualified personnel, which generates costs. additional, especially if you want to add optional elements later.

On entend ici par « conteneur » (encore dénommés « container ») des caissons en tôle d'acier utilisés pour le transport de marchandises selon des caractéristiques normalisées, et notamment selon les normes ISO 668 et ISO 1496.The term “container” (also referred to as “container”) here means sheet steel boxes used for the transport of goods according to standardized characteristics, and in particular according to ISO 668 and ISO 1496.

Objet et résumé de l'inventionPurpose and summary of the invention

La présente invention vise notamment à résoudre les inconvénients de l'art antérieur précités.The present invention aims in particular to resolve the drawbacks of the aforementioned prior art.

Plus particulièrement, le but de la présente invention est de fournir une installation modulaire améliorée, qui permet d'optimiser les conditions de :

  • encombrement et d'emprise au sol de l'installation sur son lieu final d'implantation en vue d'un rendement de production maximal, et
  • transport de l'installation, et
  • sécurité à la fois du transport et de l'exploitation par le personnel chargé de l'exploitation de l'installation, y compris optimisation des conditions de circulation et de travail du personnel dans l'installation.
More particularly, the aim of the present invention is to provide an improved modular installation, which makes it possible to optimize the conditions for:
  • size and footprint of the installation at its final location for maximum production output, and
  • transport of the installation, and
  • safety of both transport and operation by the personnel responsible for operating the installation, including optimization of the traffic and working conditions of personnel in the installation.

Plus particulièrement encore, l'installation doit être :

  • facilement transportable sans contrainte particulière, et
  • facilement assemblable sur site sans nécessiter un trop grand nombre d'heures de travail et de compétences spécifiques, et
  • totalement autonome en énergie et autres ressources de matières premières nécessaires et/ou facilement raccordable à des facilités sur le lieu d'exploitation, et
  • capable de produire au moins 25 tonnes/jour d'émulsion, soit environ 6000 tonnes/an, et
  • évolutive avec possibilité d'ajout de fonctionnalités dans le temps.
  • démontable pour être transporté à nouveau et installé sur un autre site, et ce éventuellement à plusieurs reprises.
More specifically, the installation must be:
  • easily transportable without any particular constraints, and
  • easily assembled on site without requiring too many hours of work and specific skills, and
  • fully self-sufficient in energy and other necessary raw material resources and / or easily connectable to facilities at the place of operation, and
  • capable of producing at least 25 tonnes / day of emulsion, or approximately 6000 tonnes / year, and
  • scalable with the possibility of adding features over time.
  • removable to be transported again and installed on another site, and possibly several times.

Plus précisément, l'invention fournit une installation modulaire comportant au moins un premier conteneur tel que défini dans les revendications.More precisely, the invention provides a modular installation comprising at least a first container as defined in the claims.

Plus particulièrement, l'installation comporte les conteneurs suivants agencés comme suit :

  • un premier conteneur dédié à la préparation de la phase aqueuse, ledit premier conteneur comprenant une première cuve de dissolution pourvue de premiers moyens de chauffage et de premiers moyens d'agitation de la phase aqueuse contenus dans la première cuve, et ledit premier conteneur contenant des premiers moyens de circulation par pompage d'au moins ladite phase aqueuse et l'eau d'alimentation de ladite première cuve depuis une première cuve externe, et
  • un deuxième conteneur contenant une deuxième cuve contenant des deuxièmes moyens de chauffage et deuxièmes moyens d'agitation dédiés à la préparation de la phase huileuse, et un troisième conteneur contenant une dite troisième cuve contenant des troisièmes moyens d'agitation dédiés à la préparation de l'émulsion, et
  • au moins l'un desdits deuxième et/ou troisième conteneurs contenant des deuxièmes moyens de circulation par pompage de ladite phase huileuse depuis la deuxième cuve vers la troisième cuve et circulation des composants de la phase huileuse depuis des cuves de stockage externes desdits composants vers ladite deuxième cuve, et des troisièmes moyens de circulation par pompage d'évacuation de ladite émulsion depuis ladite troisième cuve vers une cuve de stockage de l'émulsion, et
  • au moins un quatrième et/ou cinquième conteneur comportant des moyens de fourniture de fluide caloporteur permettant d'alimenter en fluide caloporteur lesdits moyens de chauffage et des moyens de fourniture d'énergie électrique permettant d'alimenter en électricité au moins lesdits moyens de circulation de fluide par pompage et lesdits moyens d'agitation, de préférence un quatrième conteneur contenant des moyens de fourniture de fluide caloporteur et un cinquième conteneur contenant des moyens de fourniture d'énergie électrique ,
  • lesdits premier, deuxième et/ou troisième conteneurs étant juxtaposés au moins sur une partie d'une de leurs parois latérales, de façon à ce qu'au moins une partie d'une paroi latérale dudit premier conteneur est juxtaposée à au moins une partie d'une paroi latérale dudit troisième conteneur, et au moins une partie d'une paroi latérale du deuxième conteneur est juxtaposée à au moins une partie d'une autre paroi latérale du troisième conteneur, de sorte que ledit troisième conteneur est intercalé entre ledit premier conteneur et ledit deuxième conteneur, et
  • lesdits premier, deuxième et/ou troisième conteneurs comprenant, au niveau de leur parois, des ouvertures par lesquelles passent et/ou sont connectées des conduites de transfert de fluide entre lesdits conteneurs et/ou des câbles électriques,
  • lesdites ouvertures étant obturables, notamment pouvant être obturées lors du transport des conteneurs.
More particularly, the installation comprises the following containers arranged as follows:
  • a first container dedicated to the preparation of the aqueous phase, said first container comprising a first dissolution tank provided with first heating means and first means for stirring the aqueous phase contained in the first tank, and said first container containing first means for circulating by pumping at least said aqueous phase and the feed water to said first tank from a first external tank, and
  • a second container containing a second tank containing second heating means and second stirring means dedicated to the preparation of the oily phase, and a third container containing a said third tank containing third stirring means dedicated to the preparation of the oil phase 'emulsion, and
  • at least one of said second and / or third containers containing second means for circulation by pumping said oily phase from the second vessel to the third vessel and circulation of the components of the oily phase from external storage vessels of said components to said second tank, and third means of circulation by pumping discharge of said emulsion from said third tank to a tank for storing the emulsion, and
  • at least a fourth and / or fifth container comprising means for supplying heat transfer fluid making it possible to supply said heating means with heat transfer fluid and means of supplying electrical energy making it possible to supply electricity to at least said means of circulation of fluid by pumping and said agitation means, preferably a fourth container containing means for supplying heat transfer fluid and a fifth container containing means for supplying electrical energy,
  • said first, second and / or third containers being juxtaposed at least on part of one of their side walls, so that at least part of a side wall of said first container is juxtaposed with at least part of 'a side wall of said third container, and at least a part of a side wall of the second container is juxtaposed with at least a part of another side wall of the third container, so that said third container is interposed between said first container and said second container, and
  • said first, second and / or third containers comprising, at their walls, openings through which pass and / or are connected fluid transfer pipes between said containers and / or electrical cables,
  • said openings being closable, in particular being able to be closed during the transport of the containers.

On comprend qu'ainsi lesdits premiers conteneurs et deuxième conteneurs ne sont pas juxtaposés l'un à l'autre et sont donc séparés physiquement par le troisième conteneur, ce qui permet de séparer physiquement le comburant (phase aqueuse) et le combustible (phase huileuse) et d'éviter tout mélange accidentel inapproprié et dangereux.It is understood that thus said first containers and second containers are not juxtaposed to one another and are therefore physically separated by the third container, which makes it possible to physically separate the oxidant (aqueous phase) and the fuel (oily phase ) and avoid any improper and dangerous accidental mixing.

Du fait que le premier conteneur est exclusivement et entièrement dédié à la préparation de ladite phase aqueuse, il est possible de mettre en œuvre un premier conteneur de petite taille, notamment un conteneur de taille standard d'environ 6,1 m de longueur (20 pieds). De même, du fait que l'on met en œuvre une pluralité de conteneurs juxtaposés, dédiés chacun à un nombre limité d'étapes et/ou de matériel, au total, l'installation rempli plus facilement les buts de l'invention que les installations de la technique antérieure.Due to the fact that the first container is exclusively and entirely dedicated to the preparation of said aqueous phase, it is possible to use a first small-size container, in particular a standard-size container of approximately 6.1 m in length (20 feet). Likewise, from fact that one implements a plurality of juxtaposed containers, each dedicated to a limited number of stages and / or material, in total, the installation fulfills the aims of the invention more easily than the installations of the technique earlier.

D'autre part, le fait que les principaux conteneurs de préparation de phase aqueuse/préparation de phase huileuse et mélange de l'émulsion sont juxtaposés sur au moins une de leurs parois latérales, permet d'optimiser l'encombrement et emprise au sol d'une part, et surtout facilite d'exploitation de l'installation et minimise les risques d'exploitation pour le personnel d'exploitation.On the other hand, the fact that the main containers for the preparation of the aqueous phase / preparation of the oily phase and mixture of the emulsion are juxtaposed on at least one of their side walls, makes it possible to optimize the size and footprint of the soil. on the one hand, and above all, facilitates the operation of the installation and minimizes the operating risks for operating personnel.

Enfin, du fait que les conteneurs sont pourvus d'ouvertures équipées d'éléments de connexion/déconnexion rapide des conduites de transfert de fluide, comprenant le fluide de matière première de phase aqueuse ou phase huileuse ou émulsion, mais aussi le fluide calorifique éventuel pour les moyens de chauffage, et des câbles électriques, le montage/démontage de l'installation ainsi que son transport sont facilités.Finally, the fact that the containers are provided with openings equipped with elements for quick connection / disconnection of the fluid transfer conduits, comprising the raw material fluid of aqueous phase or oily phase or emulsion, but also the possible heating fluid for the means of heating, and electric cables, the assembly / disassembly of the installation as well as its transport are facilitated.

L'installation modulaire selon l'invention présente l'avantage d'être ainsi facilement transportable puisque l'installation, lorsqu'elle a été démontée, se présente sous la forme de conteneurs standards de relativement plus petite taille.The modular installation according to the invention has the advantage of being thus easily transportable since the installation, when it has been dismantled, is in the form of standard containers of relatively smaller size.

En outre, l'installation est ainsi plus facilement démontable et remontable par un opérateur qualifié. L'installation ayant été préalablement montée et testée sur le lieu de fabrication de l'installation, l'opérateur ne doit rétablir, lors du montage de l'installation sur site, que les connections entre les différents conteneurs.In addition, the installation is thus more easily removable and reassembled by a qualified operator. As the installation has been assembled and tested beforehand at the installation's manufacturing site, the operator must only re-establish the connections between the various containers during assembly of the installation on site.

Au surplus, la modularité de l'installation se trouve renforcée puisqu'il est possible d'ajouter facilement un conteneur contenant un équipement optionnel, comme une tour de refroidissement et un échangeur à plaques ; l'équipement optionnel pouvant être raccordé à l'installation sur site par le biais des ouvertures pratiquées préalablement dans les différents conteneurs.In addition, the modularity of the installation is enhanced since it is possible to easily add a container containing optional equipment, such as a cooling tower and a plate heat exchanger; optional equipment that can be connected to the installation on site through the openings previously made in the various containers.

Enfin et surtout, l'installation permet de limiter les risques pour la sécurité du personnel en cas d'incendie ou d'avarie par une séparation physique de la phase aqueuse (constituant le comburant) et de la phase huileuse (constituant le combustible) mais aussi une séparation du mélange comburant/combustible et de la chaudière.Last but not least, the installation makes it possible to limit the risks to the safety of personnel in the event of fire or damage by a physical separation of the aqueous phase (constituting the oxidizer) and the oily phase (constituting the fuel) but also a separation of the oxidizer / fuel mixture and the boiler.

Plus particulièrement, lesdites conduites de transfert de fluide sont :

  • une conduite de transfert de ladite phase aqueuse entre la première cuve et la troisième cuve,
  • une conduite de transfert de fluide caloporteur entre lesdits moyens de fourniture de fluide caloporteur et lesdits moyens de chauffage de ladite première cuve, et
  • une conduite de transfert de phase huileuse entre ladite deuxième cuve et ladite troisième cuve,
  • une conduite de transfert de fluide caloporteur entre lesdits moyens de fourniture de fluide caloporteur et lesdits moyens de chauffage de ladite deuxième cuve, et
  • une conduite d'évacuation de ladite émulsion entre ladite troisième cuve et une cuve de stockage de l'émulsion, et
  • des conduites d'alimentation de ladite deuxième cuve en huile et agents tensioactifs depuis des cuves de stockage externes.
More particularly, said fluid transfer lines are:
  • a transfer line for said aqueous phase between the first tank and the third tank,
  • a heat transfer fluid transfer pipe between said heat transfer fluid supply means and said heating means of said first tank, and
  • an oily phase transfer line between said second tank and said third tank,
  • a heat transfer fluid transfer pipe between said heat transfer fluid supply means and said heating means of said second tank, and
  • a discharge pipe for said emulsion between said third tank and an emulsion storage tank, and
  • lines for supplying said second tank with oil and surfactants from external storage tanks.

De même, lesdits groupes de pompages comprennent plus particulièrement :

  • une pompe d'alimentation en eau de ladite première cuve depuis une dite citerne externe,
  • une pompe de circulation de la phase aqueuse depuis ladite première cuve vers ladite troisième cuve,
  • des pompes d'alimentation en huile et tensioactif depuis des cuves de stockage externes vers ladite deuxième cuve, et
  • une pompe de circulation de ladite phase huileuse depuis ladite deuxième cuve vers ladite troisième cuve, et
  • une pompe d'évacuation de ladite émulsion depuis ladite troisième cuve vers une cuve de stockage de l'émulsion à l'intérieur et/ou à l'extérieur du troisième conteneur.
Likewise, said pumping groups more particularly include:
  • a pump for supplying water to said first tank from a said external tank,
  • a pump for circulating the aqueous phase from said first tank to said third tank,
  • pumps for supplying oil and surfactant from external storage tanks to said second tank, and
  • a pump for circulating said oily phase from said second tank to said third tank, and
  • a pump for discharging said emulsion from said third tank to an emulsion storage tank inside and / or outside of the third container.

Plus particulièrement encore, lesdites conduites de transfert de fluide sont de préférence constituées de portions de conduites équipées d'éléments de connexion connectables et dé-connectables au niveau desdites ouvertures.More particularly still, said fluid transfer conduits preferably consist of portions of conduits equipped with connectable and de-connectable connection elements at said openings.

Plus particulièrement encore, lesdits câbles électriques sont constitués de portions de câbles équipées d'élément de connexion connectables et dé-connectables à des prises complémentaires au niveau desdites parois de conteneurs et/ou au niveau de dites ouvertures.More particularly still, said electric cables consist of cable portions equipped with connecting elements that can be connected and de-connected to complementary sockets at said walls of containers and / or at said openings.

Plus particulièrement, ledit quatrième conteneur contient des moyens de fourniture du fluide chaud comprenant une chaudière de production de vapeur d'eau, lesdits moyens de chauffage étant des échangeurs thermiques dans lesquels circule ladite vapeur d'eau.More particularly, said fourth container contains means for supplying the hot fluid comprising a boiler for producing water vapor, said heating means being heat exchangers in which said water vapor circulates.

De façon avantageuse, lesdites ouvertures au niveau des parois des conteneurs juxtaposés comportent en outre des moyens de liaison entre les conteneurs.Advantageously, said openings at the level of the walls of the juxtaposed containers furthermore comprise means of connection between the containers.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, l'installation comprend desdits premier, deuxième et troisième conteneurs parallélépipédiques de tailles standards, notamment selon les normes ISO 668 et ISO 1496, de préférence plus petits que le quatrième conteneur, de préférence d'environ 6,1 m (20 pieds) de longueur, juxtaposés comme suit :

  • au moins une partie avant d'une paroi latérale longitudinale du premier conteneur à proximité d'une paroi latérale transversale avant équipée de porte(s) du premier conteneur est juxtaposée avec une partie au moins d'une paroi latérale, de préférence une paroi latérale transversale avant, dudit troisième conteneur, ladite partie avant de la paroi latérale longitudinale du premier conteneur étant pourvue d'une première petite ouverture débouchant sur la partie du premier conteneur comprenant des premiers moyens de circulation par pompage, ladite première petite ouverture étant juxtaposée en vis-à-vis d'une deuxième petite ouverture dans ladite paroi latérale du troisième conteneur, lesdites première et deuxième petites ouvertures permettant le passage et/ou la connexion de conduites de transfert de la phase aqueuses depuis ladite première cuve vers ladite troisième cuve, et
  • une première paroi latérale longitudinale du deuxième conteneur pourvue d'une première grande ouverture étant juxtaposée à une première paroi latérale longitudinale du troisième conteneur pourvue d'une deuxième grande ouverture en vis-à-vis de ladite première grande ouverture, lesdites première et deuxième grandes ouvertures permettant le passage du personnel et le passage de dites conduites de transfert de fluide entre lesdits deuxième et troisième conteneurs, une paroi latérale transversale avant du deuxième conteneur comprenant d'une porte en alignement avec ladite paroi transversale avant du troisième conteneur, et
  • une deuxième paroi latérale longitudinale du deuxième conteneur comprenant d'au moins une troisième petite ouverture permettant le passage et/ou la connexion de conduites de transfert des composant de la phase huileuse depuis des cuves externes de stockage des composant de la phase huileuse vers ladite deuxième cuve et passage et/ou connexion de la conduite de transfert de fluide caloporteur depuis lesdits moyens de fourniture de fluide caloporteur vers lesdits deuxièmes moyens de chauffage de ladite deuxième cuve, et
  • une deuxième paroi latérale longitudinale du troisième conteneur étant pourvue d'au moins une ouverture permettant le passage et/ou la connexion de conduites d'évacuation de ladite émulsion depuis ladite troisième cuve vers une cuve de stockage de l'émulsion.
In a particular embodiment, the installation comprises said first, second and third parallelepipedal containers of standard sizes, in particular according to ISO 668 and ISO 1496, preferably smaller than the fourth container, preferably approximately 6.1 m (20 feet) in length, juxtaposed as follows:
  • at least a front part of a longitudinal side wall of the first container near a front transverse side wall provided with door (s) of the first container is juxtaposed with a at least part of a side wall, preferably a front transverse side wall, of said third container, said front part of the longitudinal side wall of the first container being provided with a first small opening opening onto the part of the first container comprising first circulation means by pumping, said first small opening being juxtaposed opposite a second small opening in said side wall of the third container, said first and second small openings allowing the passage and / or connection of transfer pipes of the aqueous phase from said first tank to said third tank, and
  • a first longitudinal side wall of the second container provided with a first large opening being juxtaposed with a first longitudinal side wall of the third container provided with a second large opening facing said first large opening, said first and second large openings permitting the passage of personnel and the passage of said fluid transfer conduits between said second and third containers, a front transverse side wall of the second container comprising a door in alignment with said front transverse wall of the third container, and
  • a second longitudinal side wall of the second container comprising at least a third small opening allowing the passage and / or the connection of transfer conduits of the components of the oily phase from external tanks for the storage of the components of the oily phase to said second tank and passage and / or connection of the heat transfer fluid transfer pipe from said heat transfer fluid supply means to said second heating means of said second tank, and
  • a second longitudinal side wall of the third container being provided with at least one opening allowing the passage and / or the connection of discharge pipes of said emulsion from said third tank to a tank for storing the emulsion.

Cette juxtaposition des conteneurs et le passage d'un opérateur étant rendu possible par la présence d'une grande ouverture permet une meilleure gestion de l'espace dans les conteneurs et une amélioration de l'ergonomie, et la longueur des conduites hydrauliques acheminant les phases aqueuse et huileuse vers la cuve de préparation de l'émulsion est optimisée.This juxtaposition of the containers and the passage of an operator being made possible by the presence of a large opening allows a better management of the space in the containers and an improvement of the ergonomics, and the length of the hydraulic lines conveying the phases. aqueous and oily to the emulsion preparation tank is optimized.

Plus particulièrement, ladite installation comprend :

  • ledit premier conteneur comprend une portion de conduite de transfert de fluide depuis ladite première cuve vers ladite troisième cuve, ainsi que une portion de conduite de transfert de fluide caloporteur entre lesdits moyens de fournitures de fluide caloporteur et lesdits premiers moyens de chauffage à l'intérieur de ladite première cuve, et une portion de conduite d'alimentation en eau de ladite première cuve, et
  • ledit deuxième conteneur contient une portion de conduite de transfert de phase huileuse entre ladite deuxième cuve et ladite troisième cuve, ainsi que une portion de conduite de transfert de fluide caloporteur entre lesdits moyens de fournitures de fluide caloporteur et lesdits deuxièmes moyens de chauffage à l'intérieur de ladite deuxième cuve, et des portions de conduites d'alimentation en huile et respectivement en agents tensioactifs dans de ladite deuxième cuve, et
  • ledit troisième conteneur contient une portion de conduite de transfert de phase aqueuse depuis ladite première cuve vers ladite troisième cuve et une portion de conduite de transfert de phase huileuse depuis ladite deuxième cuve vers ladite troisième cuve, et une portion de conduite d'évacuation de ladite émulsion depuis ladite troisième cuve vers une cuve extérieure de stockage et/ou une cuve tampon de stockage de ladite émulsion.
More particularly, said installation comprises:
  • said first container comprises a portion of a pipe for transferring fluid from said first vessel to said third vessel, as well as a portion of a pipe for transferring heat transfer fluid between said means for supplying coolant fluid and said first heating means therein of said first tank, and a portion of a pipe for supplying water to said first tank, and
  • said second container contains a portion of an oily phase transfer line between said second tank and said third tank, as well as a portion of a coolant transfer line between said coolant supply means and said second heat transfer means inside said second tank, and portions of pipes for supplying oil and surfactants respectively to said second tank, and
  • said third container contains a portion of an aqueous phase transfer line from said first tank to said third tank and a portion of an oil phase transfer line from said second tank to said third tank, and a portion of a discharge line from said emulsion from said third tank to an external storage tank and / or a buffer tank for storing said emulsion.

Selon la présente invention, le premier conteneur comporte une première cuve parallélépipédique avec au moins 5 parois disposées parallèlement à et contre respectivement au moins 5 parois dudit premier conteneur, de préférence lesdits premiers moyens de chauffage de ladite première cuve comprenant un premier échangeur thermique tubulaire, ledit premier échangeur thermique tubulaire étant constitué d'un réseau de conduites de transfert de fluide caloporteur disposées longitudinalement et transversalement, en continu, à différents niveaux en hauteur, aptes à chauffer le liquide contenu dans ladite première cuve parallélépipédique en distribuant la chaleur du fluide caloporteur circulant dans ledit réseau de conduites dans tout le volume de ladite première cuve avec, de préférence, un plus grand nombre de conduites dans la partie inférieure de la première cuve, et de préférence encore ledit premier conteneur contenant en outre desdits premiers moyens de circulation par pompage de fluide situés entre une sixième paroi latérale transversale de ladite première cuve et une paroi latérale transversale avant dudit premier conteneur.According to the present invention, the first container comprises a first parallelepipedal tank with at least 5 walls arranged parallel to and against respectively at least 5 walls of said first container, preferably said first means for heating said first vessel comprising a first tubular heat exchanger, said first tubular heat exchanger consisting of a network of heat transfer fluid transfer pipes arranged longitudinally and transversely, continuously, at different height levels, capable of heating the liquid contained in said first parallelepipedal vessel by distributing the heat of the heat transfer fluid circulating in said network of pipes throughout the volume of said first vessel with, preferably, a greater number of pipes in the lower part of the first vessel, and preferably still said first container further containing said first means for circulating by pumping fluid located between a sixth transverse side wall of said first tank and a front transverse side wall of said first container.

Cette caractéristique permet de répartir de façon appropriée la chaleur.This feature allows the heat to be distributed appropriately.

L'utilisation d'une cuve parallélépipédique permet une optimisation du volume du premier conteneur au regard de la quantité de phase aqueuse pouvant être produite dans le premier conteneur. Les proportions massiques utilisées pour la préparation de l'émulsion inverse étant d'environ 90% de phase aqueuse pour environ 10% de phase huileuse, la capacité de production de l'installation modulaire dépend directement de la quantité de phase aqueuse produite. L'utilisation d'une cuve parallélépipédique permet donc une optimisation de l'utilisation de l'espace du premier conteneur.The use of a parallelepipedal tank allows an optimization of the volume of the first container with regard to the quantity of aqueous phase that can be produced in the first container. The proportions by mass used for the preparation of the inverse emulsion being approximately 90% aqueous phase for approximately 10% oily phase, the production capacity of the modular installation depends directly on the quantity of aqueous phase produced. The use of a parallelepipedal tank therefore makes it possible to optimize the use of the space of the first container.

Le fait que le premier conteneur comporte également des moyens de pompage supportés par un châssis fixe à l'intérieur dudit conteneur et situés entre la première cuve de préparation de la phase aqueuse et l'une des parois du conteneur, présente l'avantage de faciliter l'accès de l'opérateur aux moyens de pompage tout en lui limitant l'accès au dangers représentés par la nature des opérations réalisées dans cuve de préparation de la phase aqueuse.The fact that the first container also comprises pumping means supported by a fixed frame inside said container and located between the first tank for preparing the aqueous phase and one of the walls of the container, has the advantage of facilitating the operator's access to the pumping means while limiting his access to the dangers represented by the nature of the operations carried out in the aqueous phase preparation tank.

Selon l'invention, ledit premier échangeur thermique de la première cuve parallélépipédique comporte un réseau de conduites longitudinales cylindriques disposées en continu à différents niveaux en hauteur, des conduites longitudinales disposées sensiblement à un même niveau en hauteur étant reliées entre elles à leurs extrémités d'un même côté par des éléments de conduite formant des connecteurs horizontaux transversaux, et une extrémité d'au moins une conduite longitudinale disposée à un niveau donné étant reliée à l'extrémité d'une conduite longitudinale disposée au niveau du dessous ou du dessus par au moins un élément de conduite coudé vertical, les conduites des niveaux supérieurs étant disposées en pentes légèrement inclinées descendantes de préférence d'un angle inférieur à 10° par rapport à l'horizontal dans le sens de circulation du fluide caloporteur depuis un orifice d'alimentation supérieur au niveau d'un connecteur transversal supérieur vers un orifice d'évacuation inférieure au niveau d'un premier connecteur transversal inférieur.According to the invention, said first heat exchanger of the first parallelepipedal vessel comprises a network of cylindrical longitudinal pipes arranged continuously at different height levels, longitudinal pipes arranged substantially at the same height level being interconnected at their ends. the same side by pipe elements forming transverse horizontal connectors, and one end of at least one longitudinal pipe arranged at a given level being connected to the end of a longitudinal pipe arranged at the bottom or the top by at at least one vertical bent pipe element, the pipes of the upper levels being arranged in slightly sloping downward slopes preferably at an angle of less than 10 ° with respect to the horizontal in the direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid from a supply orifice higher than the level of an upper transverse connector to a lower discharge port ure at a first lower transverse connector.

Cette structure particulière de l'échangeur thermique tubulaire est adaptée à la forme parallélépipédique de la cuve de dissolution des nitrates et permet une optimisation de la distribution de chaleur dans la cuve.This particular structure of the tubular heat exchanger is adapted to the parallelepipedal shape of the nitrate dissolving tank and allows optimization of the heat distribution in the tank.

Plus particulièrement, le premier échangeur thermique au sein de la première cuve comporte :

  • un étage inférieur de dites conduites longitudinales couvrant le plancher de ladite première cuve parallélépipédique, lesdites conduites de l'étage inférieur étant régulièrement espacées dans la direction transversale de la première cuve et s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale sensiblement horizontalement depuis au moins un deuxième connecteur transversal inférieur vers ledit premier connecteur transversal inférieur, et
  • au moins un étage supérieur de dites conduites longitudinales en plus petit nombre que les conduites de l'étage inférieur, les conduites dudit étage supérieur étant regroupées de part et d'autre d'un espace central de dimension dans la direction transversale de la cuve plus grande que l'espace entre deux dites conduites adjacentes positionnées d'un même côté dudit espace central, ledit espace central contenant une partie desdits premiers moyens d'agitation de la phase aqueuse de préférence positionnés en partie à une hauteur entre ledit étage supérieur et dit étage inférieur, de préférence encore une autre partie desdits premiers moyens d'agitation étant positionnés au-dessus dudit étage supérieur.
More particularly, the first heat exchanger within the first tank comprises:
  • a lower stage of said longitudinal conduits covering the floor of said first parallelepipedal tank, said lower stage conduits being regularly spaced in the transverse direction of the first tank and extending in the longitudinal direction substantially horizontally from at least one second connector lower transverse to said first lower transverse connector, and
  • at least one upper floor of said longitudinal pipes in a smaller number than the pipes of the lower floor, the pipes of said upper floor being grouped on either side of a central space of dimension in the transverse direction of the tank greater than the space between two said adjacent pipes positioned on the same side of said central space, said central space containing part of said first means for stirring the aqueous phase, preferably positioned in part at a height between said upper stage and said lower stage, preferably still another part of said first agitation means being positioned above said upper stage.

Le plus grand nombre de conduites à l'étage inférieur de l'échangeur est destiné à chauffer l'eau initialement introduite dans la cuve de façon optimale à une température initiale supérieure à 65-70 degrés Celsius, car c'est à ce stade, que le maximum de calories est requis. L'étage supérieur permet de chauffer le reste de la première cuve lorsque le volume de phase aqueuse (18-20%) contenue dans la première cuve notamment environ 4 T augmente lors de la dissolution des granulés de nitrate (80-82%), notamment environ 20 T pour former environ 24 T de phase aqueuse. La présence d'agitateurs entre ces deux éléments de chauffage permet de mieux répartir la chaleur au sein de la première cuve et de favoriser la dissolution homogène des granulés de nitrate dans la cuve.The greatest number of pipes in the lower stage of the exchanger is intended to heat the water initially introduced into the tank optimally to an initial temperature above 65-70 degrees Celsius, because it is at this stage, that the maximum number of calories is required. The upper stage makes it possible to heat the rest of the first tank when the volume of aqueous phase (18-20%) contained in the first tank, in particular around 4 T, increases during the dissolution of the nitrate granules (80-82%), in particular about 20 T to form about 24 T of aqueous phase. The presence of agitators between these two heating elements makes it possible to better distribute the heat within the first tank and to promote the homogeneous dissolution of the nitrate granules in the tank.

De façon avantageuse, les conduites parallèles appartenant substantiellement à un même étage de l'échangeur sont inclinées vers le bas de la cuve afin de favoriser l'écoulement de vapeur. Le réseau de conduites cylindriques en continu dont certaines sont orientées vers le bas de la cuve parallélépipédique permet une meilleure circulation de la vapeur et le recueillement des condensats à la sortie de la cuve.Advantageously, the parallel pipes belonging substantially to the same stage of the exchanger are inclined towards the bottom of the vessel in order to promote the flow of steam. The network of continuous cylindrical pipes, some of which are oriented towards the bottom of the parallelepipedal tank, allows better circulation of the steam and the collection of condensates at the outlet of the tank.

De façon avantageuse, le toit du premier conteneur et le plafond de ladite première cuve sont pourvues de premières ouvertures en vis-à-vis l'une de l'autre entourées de premières parois verticales de rehausses de préférence amovibles s'étendant depuis le plafond de la première cuve jusqu'au-dessus du toit du premier conteneur et lesdites premières parois de rehausse supportant ou étant aptes à supporter des éléments permettant l'acheminement du nitrate dans la première cuve à travers lesdites premières ouvertures, le nitrate étant de préférence acheminé dans la première cuve à l'aide d'une vis de décharge, le nitrate étant réparti à l'intérieur de la première cuve en direction des premiers moyens d'agitation à l'aide d'au moins un déflecteur disposé dessous la première ouverture du plafond de la première cuve, lesdites premières ouvertures du plafond de la première cuve et du toit du premier conteneur étant de préférence obturables, pouvant être obturées lors du transport desdits premier conteneur et dite première cuve.Advantageously, the roof of the first container and the ceiling of said first tank are provided with first openings facing each other surrounded by first vertical walls of preferably removable extensions extending from the ceiling. from the first tank to above the roof of the first container and said first riser walls supporting or being able to support elements allowing the delivery of the nitrate in the first tank through said first openings, the nitrate preferably being conveyed into the first tank by means of a discharge screw, the nitrate being distributed inside the first tank in the direction of the first stirring means using 'at least one deflector disposed below the first opening in the ceiling of the first tank, said first openings in the ceiling of the first tank and in the roof of the first container being preferably closable, being able to be closed during the transport of said first container and said first tank .

Ainsi, l'espace utilisé par la première cuve parallélépipédique dans le premier conteneur est maximisé, les éléments en interaction avec la première cuve ne sont pas enfermés dans le premier conteneur et peuvent en dépasser. Ils sont de plus facilement démontables.Thus, the space used by the first parallelepipedal tank in the first container is maximized, the elements interacting with the first tank are not enclosed in the first container and can protrude therefrom. They are also easily removable.

Le démontage des moyens d'acheminement de nitrates lors du transport est facilité par la présence d'une rehausse démontable en regard d'une ouverture se trouvant sur le toit du conteneur.The dismantling of the nitrate conveying means during transport is facilitated by the presence of a removable extension facing an opening located on the roof of the container.

Avantageusement, le toit du premier conteneur et le plafond de la première cuve comportent des deuxièmes ouvertures en vis-à-vis l'une de l'autre, entourées de deuxièmes parois verticales de rehausse de préférence amovibles, lesdites deuxièmes parois de rehausse s'étendant depuis le plafond de la première cuve jusqu'au-dessus du toit du premier conteneur, lesdites deuxièmes parois de rehausse supportant des premiers moyens d'agitation comprenant au moins une tige verticale s'étendant à l'intérieur de la première cuve sur laquelle sont montées des pâles rotatives d'agitation aptes à être actionnées en rotation au tour d'un axe vertical à l'aide d'un moteur, ledit moteur étant de préférence fixé de façon non permanente sur le toit du premier conteneur, lesdites deuxièmes ouvertures étant de préférence obturables, pouvant ainsi être obturées lors du transport.Advantageously, the roof of the first container and the ceiling of the first tank comprise second openings facing each other, surrounded by second vertical riser walls, preferably removable, said second riser walls s' extending from the ceiling of the first vessel to above the roof of the first container, said second riser walls supporting first agitation means comprising at least one vertical rod extending inside the first vessel on which are mounted rotating stirring blades capable of being actuated in rotation around a vertical axis with the aid of a motor, said motor being preferably non-permanently attached to the roof of the first container, said second openings preferably being closable, thus being able to be sealed during transport.

Le démontage du moteur de l'agitateur lors du transport est facilité par la présence d'une rehausse démontable en regard d'une ouverture se trouvant sur le toit du conteneur.Disassembly of the agitator motor during transport is facilitated by the presence of a removable extension opposite an opening on the roof of the container.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, le deuxième conteneur dédié à la préparation de la phase huileuse comporte une seule deuxième cuve supportée par des pesons comprenant à l'intérieur de la deuxième cuve des deuxièmes moyens de chauffage comprenant un deuxième échangeur thermique de forme hélicoïdale.In a particular embodiment, the second container dedicated to the preparation of the oily phase comprises a single second tank supported by load cells comprising, inside the second tank, second heating means comprising a second heat exchanger of helical shape.

L'utilisation d'une cuve à pesons permet, de façon avantageuse, de connaître précisément la quantité de phase huileuse restante dans la deuxième cuve après préparation de l'émulsion afin de calculer la quantité de phase huileuse à produire pour le prochain cycle de production. La deuxième cuve à pesons permet également de contrôler la quantité de phase huileuse produite lors de chaque nouveau cycle de production. Cette solution est particulièrement originale et avantageuse par rapport à l'art antérieur dans lequel on utilise deux cuves communiquant entre elles et équipées de niveaux en haut d'une première cuve, une deuxième cuve contenant le reliquat, l'utilisation de niveaux étant moins précise comme explicité ci-après.The use of a weigh cell allows, advantageously, to know precisely the quantity of oily phase remaining in the second tank after preparation of the emulsion in order to calculate the quantity of oily phase to be produced for the next production cycle. . The second weighing tank also makes it possible to control the quantity of oily phase produced during each new production cycle. This solution is particularly original and advantageous compared to the prior art in which two tanks are used communicating with each other and equipped with levels at the top of a first tank, a second tank containing the remainder, the use of levels being less precise. as explained below.

En outre, l'utilisation d'une deuxième cuve unique présente des avantages en termes de réduction des coûts par rapport à l'utilisation de deux cuves cylindriques classiques.In addition, the use of a single second vessel has advantages in terms of cost reduction compared to the use of two conventional cylindrical vessels.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, le troisième conteneur dédié à la préparation de l'émulsion comporte une dite troisième cuve de mélange, un dispositif de cisaillement pour stabiliser l'émulsion et augmenter de façon contrôlée la viscosité de l'émulsion évacuée de ladite troisième cuve en direction d'une quatrième cuve tampon destinée à recueillir de façon temporaire l'émulsion préparée dans ladite troisième cuve pour analyse et/ou faciliter l'échantillonnage avant évacuation de préférence vers une cuve externe de stockage de l'émulsion à l'extérieur du troisième conteneur, et le deuxième conteneur et/ou le troisième conteneur comportent du mobilier et matériel de laboratoire d'analyse, un pupitre de commande des différents dits moyens de circulation par pompage, moyens d'agitation et moyens de chauffage.In a particular embodiment, the third container dedicated to the preparation of the emulsion comprises a said third mixing tank, a shearing device for stabilizing the emulsion and increasing in a controlled manner the viscosity of the emulsion discharged from said third. tank in the direction of a fourth buffer tank intended to temporarily collect the emulsion prepared in said third tank for analysis and / or to facilitate sampling before evacuation, preferably to an external tank for storing the emulsion outside of the third container, and the second container and / or the third container comprise furniture and analytical laboratory equipment, a control panel for the various said means of circulation by pumping, means of stirring and heating means.

La phase huileuse étant préalablement chauffée à 50-60° C avant d'être introduite dans la cuve de préparation de l'émulsion, un chauffage de la troisième cuve n'est pas nécessaire lors de la préparation de l'émulsion. L'émulsion obtenue présente à la température de production une viscosité faible de 6000-8000 cps. La viscosité de l'émulsion obtenue est augmentée de façon contrôlée par le passage de l'émulsion à travers un dispositif de cisaillement. Ainsi, l'émulsion retrouve une stabilité suffisante et une consistance convenant à la préparation ultérieure de l'explosif.The oily phase being previously heated to 50-60 ° C before being introduced into the emulsion preparation tank, heating the third tank is not necessary during the preparation of the emulsion. The emulsion obtained exhibits at the production temperature a low viscosity of 6000-8000 cps. The viscosity of the emulsion obtained is increased in a controlled manner by passing the emulsion through a shearing device. Thus, the emulsion regains sufficient stability and a consistency suitable for the subsequent preparation of the explosive.

La cuve tampon est destinée à recueillir de façon temporaire l'émulsion avant son stockage ultérieur dans un silo ou une citerne de stockage. La cuve tampon permet de prélever de l'émulsion pour effectuer un contrôle qualité sans devoir arrêter la production de l'émulsion en continu.The buffer tank is intended to temporarily collect the emulsion before its subsequent storage in a silo or a storage tank. The buffer tank allows emulsion to be taken for quality control without having to stop the production of the emulsion continuously.

Le laboratoire et un pupitre de commande et une armoire électrique permettent que l'opérateur dispose de tous les éléments nécessaires au contrôle de la préparation de l'émulsion au sein des deuxième et troisième conteneurs.The laboratory and a control panel and an electrical cabinet allow the operator to have all the elements necessary to control the preparation of the emulsion in the second and third containers.

La présente invention fournit également un procédé de préparation d'un précurseur d'explosif constitué d'une dite émulsion par mis en œuvre d'une installation modulaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes comportant :

  1. a)- une étape de préparation d'une dite phase aqueuse par dissolution de nitrates dans de l'eau et chauffage au sein de ladite première cuve,
  2. b)- une étape de préparation d'une dite phase huileuse et chauffage au sein de ladite deuxième cuve, et
  3. c)- une étape de préparation de l'émulsion par mélange de la phase aqueuse dans la phase huileuse au sein de ladite troisième cuve, sans chauffage.
The present invention also provides a process for preparing an explosive precursor consisting of a said emulsion by implementing a modular installation according to one of the preceding claims comprising:
  1. a) - a step of preparing a said aqueous phase by dissolving nitrates in water and heating within said first tank,
  2. b) - a step of preparing a said oily phase and heating within said second tank, and
  3. c) - a step of preparing the emulsion by mixing the aqueous phase in the oily phase within said third tank, without heating.

Plus particulièrement, on réalise :

  • une étape de remplissage en continu de la troisième cuve avec lesdites phases aqueuse et huileuse, et
  • une étape de stabilisation de l'émulsion et augmentation contrôlée de la viscosité de l'émulsion évacuée de ladite troisième cuve, à l'aide d'un dispositif de cisaillement.
More particularly, we realize:
  • a step of continuously filling the third tank with said aqueous and oily phases, and
  • a step of stabilization of the emulsion and controlled increase in the viscosity of the emulsion discharged from said third tank, using a shearing device.

Le procédé selon l'invention permet de produire l'émulsion en continu et d'augmenter le rendement de production de l'émulsion. Cependant, l'émulsion obtenue étant de viscosité faible, l'émulsion a une stabilité insuffisante et une consistance impropre à son usage ultérieur pour la préparation de l'explosif. Par conséquent, la viscosité de l'émulsion obtenue est augmentée de façon contrôlée via un organe de cisaillement jusqu'à une valeur de consigne de viscosité de 10 000 à 35 000 cps (centipoise).The process according to the invention makes it possible to produce the emulsion continuously and to increase the production yield of the emulsion. However, the emulsion obtained being of low viscosity, the emulsion has insufficient stability and a consistency unsuitable for its subsequent use for the preparation of the explosive. Therefore, the viscosity of the resulting emulsion is increased in a controlled manner via a shear member to a viscosity set point of 10,000 to 35,000 cps (centipoise).

De plus, la quantité d'émulsion présente dans la cuve de préparation de l'émulsion étant minimale, la sécurité de l'installation est améliorée.In addition, the quantity of emulsion present in the emulsion preparation tank being minimal, the safety of the installation is improved.

De façon avantageuse, l'étape de mélange de la phase aqueuse dans la phase huileuse comporte deux sous-étapes :

  • une première sous-étape dans laquelle on prépare une quantité initiale d'émulsion par le mélange des phases aqueuse et huileuse initialement introduites de façon consécutive dans la troisième cuve de préparation de l'émulsion, et
  • une deuxième sous-étape dans laquelle on prépare de l'émulsion par mélange des phases aqueuse et huileuse introduites de façon continue dans ladite troisième cuve et dont le rapport entre les débits de pompage desdites phases aqueuse et huileuse contrôlées par des débitmètres correspond à des proportions voulues des phase aqueuse et phase huileuse, de préférence des proportions massiques de 85-95% de phase aqueuse pour 5-15% de phase huileuse,
  • les deux dites sous-étapes se succédant de façon à ce que ladite troisième cuve ne soit jamais vide, le débit d'évacuation par sous-tirage de l'émulsion provenant de ladite troisième cuve étant constant.
Advantageously, the step of mixing the aqueous phase in the oily phase comprises two sub-steps:
  • a first sub-step in which an initial quantity of emulsion is prepared by mixing the aqueous and oily phases initially introduced consecutively into the third tank for preparing the emulsion, and
  • a second sub-step in which emulsion is prepared by mixing the aqueous and oily phases introduced continuously into said third tank and in which the ratio between the pumping rates of said aqueous and oily phases controlled by flow meters corresponds to proportions desired aqueous phase and oily phase, preferably proportions by mass of 85-95% of aqueous phase for 5-15% of oily phase,
  • the two said sub-stages succeeding each other so that said third tank is never empty, the discharge rate by sub-drafting of the emulsion coming from said third tank being constant.

Plus particulièrement, selon une autre caractéristique du procédé selon l'invention :

  • à l'étape c) on alimente ladite troisième cuve en continu en phase aqueuse à partir de la première cuve et en phase huileuse à partir de la deuxième cuve jusqu'à épuisement de la première cuve, et
  • à l'étape b) on réalise la préparation de ladite phase huileuse dans une unique deuxième cuve équipée de pesons, la phase huileuse étant maintenue en excédent dans la deuxième cuve, et on pèse à l'aide desdits pesons le reliquat de phase huileuse à l'intérieur de la deuxième cuve à épuisement de la première cuve d'une part, et d'autre part, le volume final de la deuxième cuve après remplissage de la deuxième cuve.
More particularly, according to another characteristic of the method according to the invention:
  • in step c) said third tank is continuously supplied with aqueous phase from the first tank and with oily phase from the second tank until exhaustion of the first tank, and
  • in step b) the preparation of said oily phase is carried out in a single second tank equipped with weigh cells, the oily phase being kept in excess in the second tank, and the remainder of the oily phase is weighed using said scales at the interior of the second exhaustion tank of the first tank on the one hand, and on the other hand, the final volume of the second tank after filling the second tank.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

Des caractéristiques et avantages particuliers de la présente invention ressortiront de la description détaillée faite en référence aux figures dans lesquelles :

  • les figures 1A et 1B représentent en vue de dessus et en coupe horizontale dessous le plafond des conteneurs, une installation modulaire selon l'invention.
  • la figure 2A représente une vue de face en coupe longitudinale du premier conteneur 100 au niveau de la cuve 10 de préparation de la phase aqueuse (de la première cuve).
  • la figure 2B représente une vue en coupe transversale du premier conteneur 100 au niveau des parois de rehausse 145 de la première cuve 110.
  • la figure 2C est une vue du premier conteneur 100 avec un chariot élévateur 40 au niveau d'une cuve de stockage de nitrate 10, le premier conteneur 100 étant disposé à proximité d'une citerne d'eau 30.
  • La figure 2D est une vue de ladite première cuve équipée desdites parois de rehausse 135, 136 et 145.
  • la figure 3 représente un échangeur thermique 120 de la cuve de préparation de la phase aqueuse (dite première cuve 110).
  • la figure 4A est une vue du deuxième conteneur 200 au niveau de sa première paroi longitudinale 200b montrant à travers la grande ouverture 275 ouverte un deuxième échangeur thermique tubulaire hélicoïdale à l'intérieur de la deuxième cuve 210 de préparation de la phase huileuse.
  • la figure 4B est une vue de la deuxième paroi longitudinale 200c du deuxième conteneur 200 montrant des cuves de stockage externe 20 de composants utiles pour la préparation de la phase huileuse à l'extérieur du deuxième conteneur.
  • la figure 5A est une vue en coupe longitudinale du troisième conteneur 300.
  • la figure 5B est une vue du deuxième conteneur montrant sa première paroi longitudinale 300b avec sa grande ouverture 375 ouverte montrant l'intérieur du troisième conteneur avec ladite troisième cuve 310.
  • la figure 5C est une vue en perspective du troisième conteneur 300.
Particular characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the detailed description given with reference to the figures in which:
  • the figures 1A and 1B show in top view and in horizontal section below the ceiling of the containers, a modular installation according to the invention.
  • the figure 2A shows a front view in longitudinal section of the first container 100 at the level of the tank 10 for preparing the aqueous phase (of the first tank).
  • the figure 2B shows a cross-sectional view of the first container 100 at the level of the raising walls 145 of the first tank 110.
  • the figure 2C is a view of the first container 100 with a forklift 40 at the level of a nitrate storage tank 10, the first container 100 being arranged near a water tank 30.
  • The 2D figure is a view of said first tank equipped with said riser walls 135, 136 and 145.
  • the figure 3 represents a heat exchanger 120 of the tank for preparing the aqueous phase (called the first tank 110).
  • the figure 4A is a view of the second container 200 at its first longitudinal wall 200b showing through the large open opening 275 a second helical tubular heat exchanger inside the second tank 210 for preparing the oily phase.
  • the figure 4B is a view of the second longitudinal wall 200c of the second container 200 showing external storage tanks 20 of components useful for the preparation of the oily phase outside the second container.
  • the figure 5A is a longitudinal sectional view of the third container 300.
  • the figure 5B is a view of the second container showing its first longitudinal wall 300b with its large opening 375 open showing the interior of the third container with said third tank 310.
  • the figure 5C is a perspective view of the third container 300.

Description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention :Detailed description of an embodiment of the invention:

L'installation modulaire 1 comporte un premier conteneur 100 dédié à la préparation de la phase aqueuse, un deuxième conteneur 200 dédié à la préparation de la phase huileuse et un troisième conteneur 300 dédié à la préparation de l'émulsion inverse par mélange des phases aqueuse et huileuse. Chacun des premier, deuxième et troisième conteneurs 100, 200 et 300 est équipé de première, deuxième et troisième cuves 110, 210, 310 dédiées à la préparation de la phase aqueuse pour la première cuve 110, la préparation de la phase huileuse pour la deuxième cuve 210 et la préparation de l'émulsion par mélange de phase aqueuse et phase huileuse incorporant un tensioactif pour la troisième cuve 310. Ces trois conteneurs contiennent également des moyens de pompage 190a, 190b, 280, 290, 305 et 336 permettant l'acheminement des fluides concernés via des conduites de transferts de fluides dans ou vers les différentes cuves tel que décrit ci-après.The modular installation 1 comprises a first container 100 dedicated to the preparation of the aqueous phase, a second container 200 dedicated to the preparation of the oily phase and a third container 300 dedicated to the preparation of the inverse emulsion by mixing the aqueous phases. and oily. Each of the first, second and third containers 100, 200 and 300 is equipped with first, second and third tanks 110, 210, 310 dedicated to the preparation of the aqueous phase for the first tank 110, the preparation of the oily phase for the second tank 210 and the preparation of the emulsion by mixing the aqueous phase and oily phase incorporating a surfactant for the third tank 310. These three containers also contain pumping means 190a, 190b, 280, 290, 305 and 336 allowing the conveyance of the fluids concerned via pipes for transferring fluids in or towards the different tanks as described below.

Sur la figure 1, on a également représenté un quatrième conteneur 400 renfermant les moyens de fourniture de fluide caloporteur plus particulièrement une chaudière 410 produisant de la vapeur ainsi qu'un cinquième conteneur 500 renfermant des moyens de production d'électricité à savoir un groupe électrogène 510 ainsi qu'optionnellement un sixième conteneur 600 renfermant des moyens de refroidissement de l'émulsion produite à l'aide d'une tour réfrigérante 610 décrite ci-après.On the figure 1 , there is also shown a fourth container 400 containing the means for supplying heat transfer fluid, more particularly a boiler 410 producing steam as well as a fifth container 500 containing means for producing electricity, namely a generator set 510 as well as optionally, a sixth container 600 containing means for cooling the emulsion produced using a cooling tower 610 described below.

Dans la présente description, on entend par « direction transversale » une direction horizontale perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale horizontale du conteneur concerné ou de la première cuve. D'autre part, on entend par « paroi avant » ou « partie avant » une paroi ou une partie la plus proche de la cours d'accès rectangulaire la décrite ci-après.In the present description, the term “transverse direction” is understood to mean a horizontal direction perpendicular to the horizontal longitudinal direction of the container concerned or of the first tank. On the other hand, the term “front wall” or “front part” is understood to mean a wall or a part closest to the rectangular access course 1a described below.

Les différents conteneurs de l'installation 1 sont disposés comme suit autour d'une aire d'accès rectangulaire la :

  • Le premier conteneur 100 présente sa partie avant équipée de porte 160 donnant sur la figure 1A. Une partie avant de la paroi longitudinale 100a du premier conteneur 100 comprenant une ouverture 170, chevauche une partie de la paroi transversale avant 300a du troisième conteneur 300 de sorte qu'une ouverture 370a au niveau de la paroi transversale avant 300a du troisième conteneur 300 soit disposée en vis-à-vis de l'ouverture 170 du premier conteneur 100.
  • Le deuxième conteneur 200 est disposé parallèlement au troisième conteneur 300 avec une première paroi longitudinale 200b comprenant une grande ouverture obturable 275 juxtaposé en vis-à-vis d'une grande ouverture obturable 375 de la première paroi longitudinale 300b correspondante du troisième conteneur 300 de telle sorte que la paroi avant transversale 200a du deuxième conteneur 200 équipée d'une porte 261 donnant sur la cour la soit alignée avec la paroi avant transversale 300a du troisième conteneur 300.
  • Le quatrième conteneur 400 contenant une chaudière 410 est disposé dans la même direction que le premier conteneur 100 c'est-à-dire avec ses parois longitudinales perpendiculaires aux parois longitudinales des deuxième et troisième conteneurs, une de ses parois transversales 400a se trouvant en vis-à-vis de la paroi transversale équipée des portes 160 du premier conteneur 100 et délimitant ainsi la cour d'accès 1a.
The various containers of installation 1 are arranged as follows around a rectangular access area 1a:
  • The first container 100 has its front part equipped with a door 160 leading to the figure 1A . A front part of the longitudinal wall 100a of the first container 100 including an opening 170, overlaps a part of the front transverse wall 300a of the third container 300 so that an opening 370a at the front transverse wall 300a of the third container 300 is arranged opposite the opening 170 of the first container 100.
  • The second container 200 is disposed parallel to the third container 300 with a first longitudinal wall 200b comprising a large closable opening 275 juxtaposed vis-à-vis a large closable opening 375 of the first longitudinal wall 300b of the third container 300 so that the transverse front wall 200a of the second container 200 equipped with a door 261 leading to the courtyard la is aligned with the transverse front wall 300a of the third container 300.
  • The fourth container 400 containing a boiler 410 is arranged in the same direction as the first container 100, that is to say with its longitudinal walls perpendicular to the longitudinal walls of the second and third containers, one of its transverse walls 400a being opposite. -à -vis the transverse wall equipped with the doors 160 of the first container 100 and thus delimiting the access courtyard 1a.

Dans le mode de réalisation décrit ici, le deuxième conteneur 200 comprend un laboratoire équipé de matériels et mobiliers 250 permettant de contrôler la qualité des produits issus des différentes phases de préparation de l'émulsion. Le troisième conteneur 300 comprend un pupitre de commande 330, une quatrième cuve tampon 320 et une armoire de commande électrique 340. La cuve tampon 320 est destinée à recueillir de façon temporaire l'émulsion provenant de la troisième cuve avant son stockage ultérieur dans un silo ou une citerne de stockage externe 50 à l'aide d'une conduite d'évacuation 335 passant par une ouverture 370b dans la deuxième paroi longitudinale 300c du troisième conteneur 300, ladite conduite coopérant avec une pompe de transfert 336.In the embodiment described here, the second container 200 comprises a laboratory equipped with equipment and furniture 250 making it possible to control the quality of the products resulting from the various phases of preparation of the emulsion. The third container 300 includes a control panel 330, a fourth buffer tank 320 and an electrical control cabinet 340. The buffer tank 320 is intended to temporarily collect the emulsion from the third tank before its subsequent storage in a silo. or an external storage tank 50 using an evacuation pipe 335 passing through an opening 370b in the second longitudinal wall 300c of the third container 300, said pipe cooperating with a transfer pump 336.

Du fait que les grandes ouvertures 275 et 375 en vis-à-vis des deuxième et troisième conteneurs 200 et 300 juxtaposés présentent une dimension dans la direction longitudinale des conteneurs d'environ la moitié de la longueur du conteneur, le personnel peut opérer à l'intérieur des deuxième et troisième conteneurs, notamment au regard du contrôle de la deuxième cuve et au regard également de l'analyse des productions de la troisième cuve en passant facilement d'un conteneur à l'autre de l'ensemble des deuxième et troisième conteneurs 200 et 300 formant lorsque les grandes ouvertures 275 et 375 sont ouvertes un même grand conteneur. Ces grandes ouvertures 275 et 375 permettent donc une meilleure gestion de l'espace des deuxième et troisième conteneurs et une amélioration de l'ergonomie. Ainsi, il est possible de mettre en œuvre des premier, deuxième et troisième conteneurs standards de petite taille d'environ 6,1 m (20 pieds), seul le quatrième conteneur comportant la chaudière 410 étant un conteneur de grande taille de format standard d'environ 12,2 m (40 pieds). On peut aussi installer l'ensemble des équipements de la chaudière 410 dans deux petits conteneurs juxtaposés et communiquant via un passage ménagé dans les parois latérales en vis-à-vis (idem 275 et 375).Because the large openings 275 and 375 facing the second and third juxtaposed containers 200 and 300 have a dimension in the longitudinal direction of the containers of about half the length of the container, personnel can operate at the same time. 'inside the second and third containers, in particular with regard to the control of the second tank and also with regard to the analysis of the productions of the third tank by passing easily from one container to the other of the set of the second and third containers 200 and 300 forming when the large openings 275 and 375 are open the same large container. These large openings 275 and 375 therefore allow better management of the space of the second and third containers and improved ergonomics. Thus, it is possible to implement first, second and third small size standard containers of about 6.1 m (20 feet), only the fourth container including the boiler 410 being a large size container of standard size d. 'about 12.2 m (40 feet). It is also possible to install all the equipment for the boiler 410 in two small juxtaposed containers communicating via a passage made in the side walls facing each other (idem 275 and 375).

Des portes additionnelles 360 et 260 sur les parois latérales transversales arrières des deuxième et troisième conteneurs ainsi qu'une porte 261 sur la paroi transversale avant du deuxième conteneur ainsi également que la communication entre les deuxième et troisième conteneurs 200 et 300 par l'ouverture 275 et 375 permettent une évacuation rapide en cas d'incident, soit vers la cours d'accès la soit vers l'arrière du deuxième ou troisième conteneur.Additional doors 360 and 260 on the rear transverse side walls of the second and third containers as well as a door 261 on the front transverse wall of the second container as well as the communication between the second and third containers 200 and 300 through the opening 275 and 375 allow rapid evacuation in the event of an incident, either to the access course 1a or to the rear of the second or third container.

Du fait de la disposition des premier, deuxième et troisième conteneurs décrits ci-dessus, l'installation selon l'invention permet la séparation des phases aqueuse et huileuse dans deux conteneurs différents de part et d'autre du conteneur de préparation d'émulsion ce qui constitue la caractéristique importante de la sécurité de l'installation modulaire selon l'invention.Due to the arrangement of the first, second and third containers described above, the installation according to the invention allows the separation of the aqueous and oily phases in two different containers on either side of the emulsion preparation container. which constitutes the important characteristic of the safety of the modular installation according to the invention.

L'intercalation du troisième conteneur avec la troisième cuve 310 de mélange entre les premier conteneur 100 et deuxième conteneur 200 tel que décrit ci-dessus permet aussi d'optimiser les longueurs de conduite de transfert de fluide entre les différentes cuves, notamment la longueur des conduites de transfert acheminant la phase aqueuse et la phase huileuse vers la troisième cuve 310 étant relativement réduite.The intercalation of the third container with the third mixing tank 310 between the first container 100 and second container 200 as described above also makes it possible to optimize the lengths of the fluid transfer line between the different tanks, in particular the length of the tubes. transfer lines conveying the aqueous phase and the oily phase to the third tank 310 being relatively small.

Bien que le premier conteneur 100 de préparation de la phase aqueuse et les deuxième et troisième conteneurs 200 et 300 de préparation de la phase huileuse et de l'émulsion soient physiquement séparés, le passage d'un opérateur de l'un à l'autre est facilité par la présence d'une porte 261 sur la paroi transversale avant 200a du deuxième conteneur 200 et des portes 160 sur la paroi transversale avant du premier conteneur 100. Les portes 160 permettent l'accès à un groupe de pompage 190.Although the first container 100 for preparing the aqueous phase and the second and third containers 200 and 300 for preparing the aqueous phase oily phase and emulsion are physically separated, the passage of an operator from one to the other is facilitated by the presence of a door 261 on the front transverse wall 200a of the second container 200 and doors 160 on the front transverse wall of the first container 100. The doors 160 allow access to a pumping unit 190.

La première cuve de dissolution 110 n'est accessible, pour des opérations de maintenance, que par le toit lorsque la cuve 110 est vide. La sécurité du personnel s'en trouve ainsi améliorée. L'accès sécurisé au toit du premier conteneur 100 est possible grâce à un escalier 101 et des barrières 102 sur le toit 103. Des parois de rehausse 145 délimitant une ouverture au niveau du plafond 110a de la première cuve débouche au-dessus du toit 103 du premier conteneur et fermé par une plaque 146 permettant d'accéder lorsque la plaque 146 est enlevée à l'intérieur de la première cuve 110 tel que décrit ci-après.The first dissolving tank 110 is accessible, for maintenance operations, only through the roof when the tank 110 is empty. Staff safety is thereby improved. Secure access to the roof of the first container 100 is possible thanks to a staircase 101 and barriers 102 on the roof 103. Raising walls 145 delimiting an opening at the level of the ceiling 110a of the first tank opens out above the roof 103 of the first container and closed by a plate 146 allowing access when the plate 146 is removed inside the first tank 110 as described below.

Un cinquième conteneur 500 comprend outre le groupe électrogène 510, un compresseur 520 qui a pour fonction d'alimenter en air une pompe pneumatique 280 de transfert de l'huile et du tensio actif d'une part et une pompe pneumatique 336 de transfert de l'émulsion d'autre. Les pompes 190a, 190b, 290 et 305 sont des pompes électriques.A fifth container 500 comprises in addition to the generator 510, a compressor 520 which has the function of supplying air to a pneumatic pump 280 for transferring the oil and surfactant on the one hand and a pneumatic pump 336 for transferring the oil. other emulsion. The pumps 190a, 190b, 290 and 305 are electric pumps.

Le fait que les quatrième conteneur et cinquième conteneur soient espacés desdits premier, deuxième et troisième conteneurs est une sécurité supplémentaire.The fact that the fourth container and fifth container are spaced from said first, second and third containers is an additional security.

L'installation comprend également une citerne 30 contenant une réserve d'eau servant à alimenter en eau l'installation et notamment la première cuve 110 et la chaudière 410. De façon avantageuse, la citerne 30 est montée sur des châssis de la taille de conteneurs standards afin de faciliter son transport jusqu'au lieu d'installation.The installation also comprises a cistern 30 containing a water reserve used to supply water to the installation and in particular the first tank 110 and the boiler 410. Advantageously, the cistern 30 is mounted on frames of the size of containers. standards in order to facilitate its transport to the place of installation.

De manière avantageuse, des cuves externes contenant les matières premières comme les nitrates dans un grand récipient souple 10 et les composants de la phase huileuse tel que l'huile, fioul et agent tensio-actifs dans des cuves externes 20 sont facilement transportables à l'aide d'un chariot élévateur 40 et sont de taille adaptée pour pouvoir être rangées dans des conteneurs standards ou des conteneurs de l'installation.Advantageously, external tanks containing the raw materials such as nitrates in a large flexible container 10 and the oily phase components such as oil, fuel oil and surfactants in external tanks 20 are easily transportable to the environment. help of a forklift 40 and are of suitable size so that they can be stored in standard containers or in installation containers.

L'installation comprend optionnellement un sixième conteneur 600 comprenant un module optionnel de refroidissement de l'émulsion 610. Le module de refroidissement comporte, par exemple, une tour de refroidissement 615 associée à un échangeur à plaques 620. Dans le mode particulier de réalisation décrit ici, ce module n'est pas mis en œuvre dans l'installation mais pourrait l'être facilement en raccordant le module de refroidissement au troisième container 300 dédié à la préparation de l'émulsion par le biais d'une conduite hydraulique (non représentée) passant au travers d'une ouverture en vis-à-vis d'une ouverture correspondante 370c pratiquée sur la deuxième paroi longitudinale arrière 300c du troisième conteneur 300.The installation optionally comprises a sixth container 600 comprising an optional emulsion cooling module 610. The cooling module comprises, for example, a cooling tower 615 associated with a plate heat exchanger 620. In the particular embodiment described. here, this module is not implemented in the installation but could easily be by connecting the cooling module to the third container 300 dedicated to the preparation of the emulsion by means of a hydraulic pipe (not shown ) passing through an opening vis-à-vis a corresponding opening 370c made on the second rear longitudinal wall 300c of the third container 300.

De façon avantageuse, l'installation modulaire 1 selon l'invention est constituée de premier, deuxième, troisième, cinquième et sixième conteneurs de taille standard d'environ 6,1 m de longueur (20 pieds) seul le quatrième conteneur 400 contenant la chaudière 410, étant un conteneur d'environ 12,2 m de longueur (40 pieds) en raison de la grande quantité de vapeur destinée à être fournie à l'installation. Le premier conteneur 100 comportant la première cuve de dissolution 110 peut être constituée d'un conteneur d'environ 6,1 m de longueur (20 pieds) d'une hauteur supérieure de 30 cm aux conteneurs standards d'environ 6,1 m de longueur (20 pieds), dit « high cube », en raison du dimensionnement de la première cuve.Advantageously, the modular installation 1 according to the invention consists of first, second, third, fifth and sixth containers of standard size of about 6.1 m in length (20 feet) only the fourth container 400 containing the boiler. 410, being a container of about 12.2 m in length (40 feet) due to the large amount of steam intended to be supplied to the facility. The first container 100 including the first dissolving tank 110 may consist of a container of approximately 6.1 m in length (20 feet) with a height of 30 cm greater than the standard containers of approximately 6.1 m in height. length (20 feet), called "high cube", due to the sizing of the first tank.

Plus précisément, les tailles des conteneurs 200, 300 ,500 et 600 sont les suivantes : longueur L 6.058 m, largeur l 2.438 et hauteur H = 2.591 Ces conteneurs sont réalisés de façon standard en tôle d'acier.More precisely, the sizes of the containers 200, 300, 500 and 600 are as follows: length L 6,058 m, width l 2,438 and height H = 2,591 These containers are made of sheet steel as standard.

Les ouvertures desdits conteneurs sont obturables pouvant être refermées et renforcées lors du transport des conteneurs à l'aide d'éléments de fermetures démontables. De cette façon, le conteneur reprend une configuration adaptée à son transport parmi d'autres conteneurs standards. Un possible endommagement des conteneurs dû à la présence d'éléments excentrés ou d'ouvertures fragilisant la structure du conteneur étant ainsi évité.The openings of said containers are closable and can be closed and reinforced during the transport of the containers by means of removable closure elements. In this way the container uses a configuration adapted to its transport among other standard containers. A possible damage to the containers due to the presence of eccentric elements or openings weakening the structure of the container is thus avoided.

Les ouvertures peuvent être destinées à faciliter le passage des personnes, pour des opérations de maintenance notamment, ou permettre le passage de câbles électriques et de conduites hydrauliques permettant une communication entre les différents conteneurs.The openings can be intended to facilitate the passage of people, for maintenance operations in particular, or to allow the passage of electric cables and hydraulic pipes allowing communication between the various containers.

Les ouvertures 170 et 370a au niveau des premier et troisième conteneurs 100 et 300 permettent le passage d'une portion de conduite de transfert de la phase aqueuse provenant du premier conteneur 100 reliée à une portion de conduite 313 elle-même reliée à la troisième cuve de préparation de l'émulsion 310 coopérant avec un débitmètre 311b de contrôle du débit de phase aqueuse à l'intérieur du troisième conteneur 300.The openings 170 and 370a at the level of the first and third containers 100 and 300 allow the passage of a portion of the transfer line for the aqueous phase coming from the first container 100 connected to a portion of the line 313 itself connected to the third tank. for preparing the emulsion 310 cooperating with a flowmeter 311b for controlling the flow rate of the aqueous phase inside the third container 300.

Le passage d'une portion de conduite de transfert 291 de la phase huileuse depuis la deuxième cuve 210 du deuxième conteneur 200 vers la troisième cuve 310 de préparation de l'émulsion se fait à travers les grandes ouvertures 275 et 375 au niveau des parois longitudinales adjacentes des deuxième et troisième conteneurs, à l'aide d'un pompe 290 à l'intérieur du deuxième conteneur pour se connecter à une portion de conduite 312 relié à la troisième cuve et coopérant avec un débitmètre 311a de contrôle de débit de phase huileuse.The passage of a portion of the transfer pipe 291 of the oily phase from the second tank 210 of the second container 200 to the third tank 310 for preparing the emulsion takes place through the large openings 275 and 375 at the level of the longitudinal walls. adjacent second and third containers, using a pump 290 inside the second container to connect to a portion of pipe 312 connected to the third tank and cooperating with an oily phase flow control flowmeter 311a .

Une conduite de transfert de vapeur 430 s'étend depuis la chaudière 410 en traversant une ouverture 270b de la deuxième paroi longitudinale 200c du deuxième conteneur pour alimenter une conduite 292 à l'intérieur du deuxième conteneur reliée à l'extrémité supérieure 222 d'un échangeur thermique tubulaire hélicoïdale 220 à l'intérieur de la deuxième cuve 210.A steam transfer line 430 extends from the boiler 410 through an opening 270b of the second longitudinal wall 200c of the second container to supply a line 292 inside the second container connected to the upper end 222 of a helical tubular heat exchanger 220 inside the second tank 210.

Une conduite de transfert 293 permet l'acheminement des composants de la phase huileuse (huile, fioul et agents tensioactifs) vers ladite deuxième cuve 210 à l'aide d'une pompe 280 à l'intérieur du deuxième conteneur depuis des vannes de connexion 281, 282 et 283 auxquelles sont reliées des conduites d'alimentation en chacun des composants depuis la cuve 20 passant par une ouverture 270a de la deuxième paroi latérale longitudinale 200c du deuxième conteneur. Une conduite de transfert 325 permet le transfert de l'émulsion à l'aide d'une pompe 305 depuis la troisième cuve 310 vers une cuve tampon 320 ou vers une conduite d'évacuation 335 coopérant avec une vanne 336 ou une évacuation vers une cuve de stockage externe 40 en passant à travers une ouverture 370b de la deuxième paroi latérale longitudinale 300c du troisième conteneur 300.A transfer line 293 allows the delivery of the components of the oily phase (oil, fuel oil and surfactants) to said second tank 210 by means of a pump 280 inside the second container from connection valves 281, 282 and 283 to which are connected supply lines for each of the components from the tank 20 passing through an opening 270a of the second longitudinal side wall 200c of the second container. A transfer line 325 allows the emulsion to be transferred using a pump 305 from the third tank 310 to a buffer tank 320 or to a discharge line 335 cooperating with a valve 336 or an outlet to a tank. storage 40 by passing through an opening 370b of the second longitudinal side wall 300c of the third container 300.

Une conduite de transfert de vapeur 420 s'étend depuis la chaudière 410 traverse les deuxième et troisième conteneurs à travers les ouvertures 270b de la deuxième paroi latérale longitudinale 200c et grande ouverture 275 de la première paroi latérale longitudinale 200b du deuxième conteneur et la grande ouverture 375 de la première paroi latérale longitudinale 300b du troisième conteneur ou passe au-dessus des deuxième et troisième conteneurs pour alimenter une conduite 171 reliée à l'orifice supérieur 121 de l'échangeur thermique tubulaire 120 du premier conteneur décrit ci-après via la vanne 170.A steam transfer line 420 extends from the boiler 410 through the second and third containers through the openings 270b of the second longitudinal side wall 200c and large opening 275 of the first longitudinal side wall 200b of the second container and the large opening 375 of the first longitudinal side wall 300b of the third container or passes over the second and third containers to supply a pipe 171 connected to the upper port 121 of the tubular heat exchanger 120 of the first container described below via the valve 170.

Les différentes ouvertures des conteneurs décrites ci-dessus ou ci-après à savoir les ouvertures 170a et 175 du premier conteneur, les ouvertures 270a et 275 du deuxième conteneur, les ouvertures 370b, 370a et 370c du troisième conteneur sont des ouvertures rectangulaires de dimension d'environ 50 cm x 50 cm.The various openings of the containers described above or below, namely the openings 170a and 175 of the first container, the openings 270a and 275 of the second container, the openings 370b, 370a and 370c of the third container are rectangular openings of dimension d 'approximately 50 cm x 50 cm.

De façon avantageuse, les câbles électriques et les conduites hydrauliques peuvent être constitués de portions de câble ou respectivement portions de conduite comportant à leurs extrémités des éléments de connexion et plus particulièrement enfichables, lesdits éléments de connexion aux extrémités des câbles et conduites étant fixés au niveau des ouvertures desdits conteneurs comprenant des fiches de connexion desdits éléments de connexion des câbles électriques et des fiches de connexion desdits éléments de connexion aux extrémités desdites conduites. Ces fiches permettent des connexions et des déconnexions rapides des différentes portions de câble ou portions de conduite disposées à l'intérieur des différents conteneurs.Advantageously, the electric cables and the hydraulic pipes may consist of cable portions or respectively pipe portions comprising at their ends connection elements and more particularly pluggable, said connection elements at the ends of the cables and pipes being fixed at the level. openings of said containers comprising plugs for connecting said cable connection elements and plugs for connecting said connecting elements to the ends of said pipes. These plugs allow rapid connections and disconnections of the various portions of cable or portions of pipe arranged inside the various containers.

La cuve de dissolution 110 du premier conteneur 100 est parallélépipédique et adaptée aux dimensions du premier conteneur 100 lui aussi parallélépipédique. La première cuve 100 comporte 5 parois sensiblement de même dimensions (autres que dans la direction longitudinale) que 5 parois du premier conteneur contre lesquelles elles sont appliquées, une sixième paroi latérale transversale avant 110b de la première cuve se trouve en retrait toutefois de la paroi latérale transversale avant comportant les portes 160 du premier conteneur de manière à ménager un compartiment pouvant recevoir un groupe de pompage 190. Le groupe de pompage 190 alimente la cuve parallélépipédique 110 en eau provenant de la citerne 30 avec la pompe 190b et assure le transfert de la phase aqueuse depuis la première cuve 110 vers la portion de conduite 313 reliée à la troisième cuve 310 de préparation de l'émulsion avec la pompe 190a.The dissolution tank 110 of the first container 100 is parallelepipedal and adapted to the dimensions of the first container 100, which is also parallelepiped. The first tank 100 has 5 walls of substantially the same dimensions (other than in the longitudinal direction) as 5 walls of the first container against which they are applied, a sixth front transverse side wall 110b of the first tank is however set back from the wall. front transverse side comprising the doors 160 of the first container so as to provide a compartment which can receive a pumping unit 190. The pumping unit 190 supplies the parallelepipedic tank 110 with water coming from the tank 30 with the pump 190b and ensures the transfer of the aqueous phase from the first tank 110 to the pipe portion 313 connected to the third tank 310 for preparing the emulsion with the pump 190a.

L'accès au groupe de pompage 190, pour des opérations de manutention, est facilité par la présence à proximité immédiate des portes 160 de la paroi transversale avant du conteneur 100 mais aussi par la présence d'une ouverture 175 pratiquée sur la paroi longitudinale arrière 100b du premier conteneur au regard du groupe de pompage 190.Access to the pumping unit 190, for handling operations, is facilitated by the presence in the immediate vicinity of the doors 160 of the front transverse wall of the container 100 but also by the presence of an opening 175 made on the rear longitudinal wall 100b of the first container with regard to the pumping unit 190.

Les dimensions de la cuve parallélépipédiques, à savoir de longueur L1 = 4.40 m permettent d'optimiser la quantité de phase aqueuse pouvant être préparée dans ladite première cuve compte tenu de la taille du premier conteneur 100. En effet, les proportions massiques utilisées pour la préparation de l'émulsion inverse étant de 85 à 95% et préférentiellement de 90 à 94% de phase aqueuse pour 15 à 5% et préférentiellement 10 à 6% de phase huileuse, la capacité de production de l'installation modulaire 1 dépend directement de la quantité de phase aqueuse produite lors d'un cycle de préparation de l'émulsion.The dimensions of the parallelepipedal tank, namely of length L1 = 4.40 m make it possible to optimize the quantity of aqueous phase that can be prepared in said first tank taking into account the size of the first container 100. In fact, the mass proportions used for the preparation of the inverse emulsion being from 85 to 95% and preferably from 90 to 94% of aqueous phase for 15 to 5% and preferably 10 to 6% of oily phase, the production capacity of the modular installation 1 depends directly on the quantity of aqueous phase produced during a cycle of preparation of the emulsion.

La première cuve 110 est fermée
et n'est accessible que par le plafond 110a où sont pratiquées des ouvertures entourées par des parois verticales de rehausse 135, 136 et 145 dont les extrémités supérieures passent à travers des ouvertures du toit 103 du premier conteneur 100 et dépassent au-dessus du toit 103 du premier conteneur 100. Lesdites parois verticales de rehausse 145 forment un cylindre à section carrée ou rectangulaire sensiblement au centre du plafond 110a de la première cuve, tandis que les petites parois de rehausse 135 et 136 disposées de part et d'autre des grandes parois de rehausse 145 sont de forme cylindrique à section circulaire mais peuvent présentées à leur base une plaque à section carrée pour obturer l'ouverture carrée éventuelle correspondante du plafond 110a de la première cuve.The first tank 110 is closed
and is only accessible through the ceiling 110a where openings are formed surrounded by vertical raising walls 135, 136 and 145, the upper ends of which pass through openings in the roof 103 of the first container 100 and protrude above the roof 103 of the first container 100. Said vertical riser walls 145 form a cylinder with a square or rectangular section substantially in the center of the ceiling 110a of the first tank, while the small riser walls 135 and 136 arranged on either side of the large ones. riser walls 145 are cylindrical in shape with a circular section but may have at their base a plate with a square section to close the possible corresponding square opening of the ceiling 110a of the first tank.

Du fait desdites parois de rehausse 145, 135 et 136, ledit premier conteneur outre les ouvertures latérales 170, 175 et 370a ainsi que sa porte 160 comporte également des ouvertures au niveau de son toit 103 en vis-à-vis des ouvertures de ladite première cuve, à savoir deux petites ouvertures correspondant aux petites parois de rehausse 135 et 136 et une grande ouverture à section carrée ou rectangulaire laissant passer la grande paroi de rehausse cylindrique à section carrée ou rectangulaire 145.Because of said riser walls 145, 135 and 136, said first container, in addition to the side openings 170, 175 and 370a as well as its door 160 also comprises openings at its roof 103 opposite the openings of said first tank, namely two small openings corresponding to the small extension walls 135 and 136 and a large opening with square or rectangular section allowing the large cylindrical extension wall with square or rectangular section 145 to pass through.

Deux petites parois de rehausse 135 et 136 supportent respectivement des tiges verticales 130c et 131c s'étendant à l'intérieur de la première cuve 110 et supportant chacune deux pâles rotatives 130a, 130b aptes à être actionnés en rotation autour d'un axe constitué par lesdites tiges 131a, 131b. Lesdites pâles rotatives sont actionnées en rotation par des moteurs d'entrainement en rotation 130d et 131d disposés au-dessus du toit 103 du premier conteneur 100 pour constituer des agitateurs 130 et 131 au sein de la première cuve. Des grandes parois de rehausse 145, située entre les deux petites parois de rehausse 135 et 136, débouche sensiblement au centre du toit 110a de la première cuve 110 et délimite un trou d'homme par lequel sont acheminés les granulés de nitrates depuis une cuve de stockage externe 10 vers la première cuve 110 entrainés par une vis externe de décharge 140.Two small raising walls 135 and 136 respectively support vertical rods 130c and 131c extending inside the first tank 110 and each supporting two rotary blades 130a, 130b capable of being actuated in rotation about an axis constituted by said rods 131a, 131b. Said rotary blades are actuated in rotation by rotary drive motors 130d and 131d arranged above the roof 103 of the first container 100 to constitute stirrers 130 and 131 within the first tank. Large side walls 145, located between the two small riser walls 135 and 136, opens out substantially at the center of the roof 110a of the first tank 110 and delimits a manhole through which the nitrate granules are conveyed from an external storage tank 10 to the first tank 110 driven by an external discharge screw 140.

Lors du transport du premier conteneur, les parois de rehausse 135, 136 et 155 peuvent être séparées du toit de la première cuve et les ouvertures correspondantes sur le toit 103 du premier conteneur du plafond 110a de la première cuve peuvent être obturées à l'aide de plaques permettant également de renforcer la structure du conteneur pendant son transport. Les éléments supportés par lesdites petites parois de rehausse 135, 136, à savoir les tiges formant les axes de rotation 130c et 131c et les moteurs 130d et 131d et la vis de décharge 140 pour la grande paroi de rehausse 145 peuvent aussi être démontés et rangés pour leur transport.When transporting the first container, the riser walls 135, 136 and 155 can be separated from the roof of the first tank and the corresponding openings on the roof 103 of the first container from the ceiling 110a of the first tank can be closed using plates also making it possible to reinforce the structure of the container during its transport. The elements supported by said small riser walls 135, 136, namely the rods forming the axes of rotation 130c and 131c and the motors 130d and 131d and the discharge screw 140 for the large riser wall 145 can also be dismantled and stored. for their transport.

De façon avantageuse, un déflecteur 141 disposé sous l'ouverture centrale délimitée par les grandes parois de rehausse 145 au sommet du toit 110a de la première cuve 110 permet de dévier les granulés de nitrate en direction des deux agitateurs 130 et 131. Ainsi, les granulés sont facilement entrainés en rotation par les agitateurs et dissous dans la solution présente dans la cuve. En l'absence de déflecteur 141, les granulés pourraient tomber au milieu de la cuve, hors d'une atteinte suffisante de l'action des agitateurs/mélangeurs.Advantageously, a deflector 141 disposed under the central opening delimited by the large extension walls 145 at the top of the roof 110a of the first tank 110 allows the nitrate granules to be deflected in the direction of the two stirrers 130 and 131. Thus, the granules are easily rotated by the agitators and dissolved in the solution present in the tank. In the absence of deflector 141, the granules could fall in the middle of the tank, beyond sufficient reach of the action of the agitators / mixers.

Sur la figure 3, la première cuve 110 comprend un échangeur thermique 120 constitué d'un ensemble de trois étages 122, 123 et 124 de conduites longitudinales à section circulaire, parallèles et reliées entre elles en continuité par des éléments de conduite horizontaux ou connecteurs transversaux 126a à 126f et 128a, 128b pour les conduites disposées dans un même dit étage. On entend ici par « conduites parallèles » d'un même étage que les conduites d'un même étage ont leurs axes situés dans des plans parallèles, lesdites conduites étant toutefois légèrement inclinées d'un angle de moins de 10° par rapport à l'horizontal comme il sera décrit ci-après, ne présentent pas leurs axes strictement parallèle entre eux.On the figure 3 , the first tank 110 comprises a heat exchanger 120 consisting of a set of three stages 122, 123 and 124 of longitudinal pipes of circular section, parallel and connected to each other in continuity by horizontal pipe elements or transverse connectors 126a to 126f and 128a, 128b for pipes arranged in the same said floor. The term “parallel pipes” of the same floor is understood here to mean that the pipes of the same floor have their axes situated in parallel planes, said pipes being however slightly inclined at an angle of less than 10 ° with respect to the horizontal, as will be described below, do not have their axes strictly parallel to each other.

Ces conduites de l'échangeur 120 forment un réseau de conduites en continu dans lequel circule la vapeur d'eau provenant de la chaudière 410. Les extrémités de certaines conduites longitudinales aux différents étages de l'échangeur sont reliées à celles d'un étage immédiatement supérieur ou inférieur par des éléments de conduites verticales coudées s'étendant dans un plan vertical aussi appelées connecteurs verticaux 127a, 127b ci-après.These conduits of the exchanger 120 form a continuous network of conduits in which the water vapor coming from the boiler 410 circulates. The ends of certain longitudinal conduits at the different stages of the exchanger are connected to those of one stage immediately. upper or lower by elbow vertical pipe elements extending in a vertical plane also called vertical connectors 127a, 127b below.

Au niveau des premier étage 122 et deuxième étage 123, les conduites longitudinales sont regroupées de façon à ménager un espace central 120a libre. Cet espace central 120a libre permet le passage des tiges et pales rotatives des agitateurs 130 et 131. Le troisième étage ou étage inférieur 124 en revanche recouvre substantiellement uniformément toute la surface du plancher de la première cuve, les conduites longitudinales y étant espacés dans la direction transversale d'une même distance les unes des autres.At the level of the first stage 122 and second stage 123, the longitudinal pipes are grouped together so as to provide a central free space 120a. This free central space 120a allows the passage of the rotating rods and blades of the agitators 130 and 131. The third or lower stage 124 on the other hand substantially uniformly covers the entire surface of the floor of the first tank, the longitudinal pipes being spaced therein in the direction. transverse of the same distance from each other.

Les petites pales 130a et 131a des agitateurs 130 et 131 se situent en hauteur entre les deuxième et troisième étages 122 et 123 de l'échangeur 120 à proximité des conduites du troisième étage 124. En revanche les grandes pales 130b et 131b des agitateurs 130 et 131 se situent au-dessus des conduites du premier étage 122 de l'échangeur 120.The small blades 130a and 131a of the agitators 130 and 131 are located in height between the second and third stages 122 and 123 of the exchanger 120 near the pipes of the third stage 124. On the other hand, the large blades 130b and 131b of the agitators 130 and 131 are located above the pipes of the first stage 122 of the exchanger 120.

La structure de l'échangeur 120 et l'emplacement des pales ou agitateurs 130 et 131 sont particulièrement adaptés à la dissolution de nitrates dans une cuve parallélépipédique.The structure of the exchanger 120 and the location of the blades or agitators 130 and 131 are particularly suitable for dissolving nitrates in a parallelepipedal tank.

Les conduites longitudinales parallèles adjacentes d'un même étage sont d'inclinaisons inversées et leurs extrémités d'un même côté longitudinal sont reliées entre elles par des connecteurs transversaux horizontaux. L'extrémité d'au moins une conduite longitudinale de chaque étage est reliée à une extrémité du même côté d'au moins une conduite d'un étage inférieur ou supérieur par des connecteurs verticaux coudés 127a, 127b. L'inclinaison des différentes conduites longitudinales parallèles favorise l'écoulement de la vapeur et la récupération des condensats formés par le refroidissement de la vapeur au contact de l'eau ou de la phase aqueuse sont favorisés au niveau de l'étage inférieur.The adjacent parallel longitudinal pipes of the same floor are of reverse inclinations and their ends on the same longitudinal side are connected to each other by horizontal transverse connectors. The end of at least one longitudinal pipe of each stage is connected to one end on the same side of at least one pipe of a lower or upper stage by angled vertical connectors 127a, 127b. The inclination of the various parallel longitudinal conduits favors the flow of the steam and the recovery of the condensates formed by the cooling of the steam in contact with the water or the aqueous phase are promoted at the level of the lower stage.

L'échangeur 120 de la figure 3 comprend 22 conduites longitudinales dont les axes longitudinaux sont disposés dans des plans parallèles entre eux. Les 22 conduites longitudinales sont disposées symétriquement par rapport à un plan médian vertical de l'échangeur.The exchanger 120 of the figure 3 comprises 22 longitudinal pipes, the longitudinal axes of which are arranged in planes parallel to each other. The 22 longitudinal pipes are arranged symmetrically with respect to a vertical median plane of the exchanger.

Les 22 conduites longitudinales sont disposées selon 3 étages comme suit :

  • Un premier étage 122 ou étage supérieur avec 6 conduites longitudinales 122a à 122f, et
  • Un deuxième étage 123 intermédiaire avec 6 conduites longitudinales 123a à 123f, et
  • Un troisième étage 124 ou étage inférieur avec 10 conduites longitudinales 124a à 124j.
The 22 longitudinal pipes are arranged in 3 stages as follows:
  • A first stage 122 or upper stage with 6 longitudinal pipes 122a to 122f, and
  • A second intermediate stage 123 with 6 longitudinal pipes 123a to 123f, and
  • A third stage 124 or lower stage with 10 longitudinal conduits 124a to 124j.

Au niveau du troisième étage ou étage inférieur 124, les conduites longitudinales sont situées à proximité de la paroi de fond 110c de la cuve 110, lesdites conduites longitudinales parallèles 124a à 124 sont espacées sensiblement d'une même distance dans la direction transversale.At the level of the third stage or lower stage 124, the longitudinal pipes are located near the bottom wall 110c of the tank 110, said parallel longitudinal pipes 124a to 124 are spaced substantially the same distance in the transverse direction.

Toutes les extrémités desdites conduites longitudinales 124a à 124j du troisième étage situées du même côté sont reliées entre elles par des éléments de conduites transversales horizontales appelées connecteurs transversaux 128a d'un côté et 128b de l'autre côté. Un premier connecteur transversal 128a comporte un orifice d'évacuation central 129 constituant un orifice de sortie inférieur de l'échangeur 120 permettant la sortie du fluide calorifique de l'échangeur avant qu'il ne soit transféré et réchauffé dans la chaudière 410 et puis redirigé vers l'orifice d'alimentation supérieur 121 décrit ci-après.All the ends of said longitudinal pipes 124a to 124j of the third stage located on the same side are connected to each other by horizontal transverse pipe elements called transverse connectors 128a on one side and 128b on the other side. A first transverse connector 128a comprises a central discharge orifice 129 constituting a lower outlet orifice of the exchanger 120 allowing the output of the calorific fluid from the exchanger before it does. is transferred and reheated in the boiler 410 and then redirected to the upper supply port 121 described below.

L'étage supérieur ou premier étage 122 de l'échangeur comporte 6 conduites longitudinales groupées comme suit :

  • Un premier groupe de 3 conduites longitudinales 122a, 122b, 122c parallèles et espacées sensiblement d'une même distance dans la direction transversale, disposées d'un côté d'un espace central vide 120a, et
  • un deuxième groupe de 3 autres conduites longitudinales 122d, 122e, 122f parallèles et espacées sensiblement d'une même distance dans la direction transversale, et situées de l'autre côté de l'espace central vide 120a, ces 3 conduites du deuxième groupe étant disposées symétriquement par rapport aux 3 conduites du premier groupe disposées de l'autre côté de l'espace vide central 120a.
The upper stage or first stage 122 of the exchanger has 6 longitudinal pipes grouped as follows:
  • A first group of 3 longitudinal pipes 122a, 122b, 122c parallel and spaced substantially the same distance in the transverse direction, arranged on one side of an empty central space 120a, and
  • a second group of 3 other longitudinal pipes 122d, 122e, 122f parallel and spaced substantially the same distance in the transverse direction, and located on the other side of the empty central space 120a, these 3 pipes of the second group being arranged symmetrically with respect to the 3 pipes of the first group placed on the other side of the central empty space 120a.

Un premier connecteur transversal supérieur 126a comportant un orifice d'alimentation central 121 alimente les extrémités d'un même côté des 2 conduites longitudinales 122c et 122d délimitant ledit espace central 120a.A first upper transverse connector 126a comprising a central supply orifice 121 supplies the ends of the same side of the 2 longitudinal pipes 122c and 122d delimiting said central space 120a.

Les 2 conduites 122c et 122d sont légèrement inclinées en pente descendante vers leur autre extrémité longitudinale jusqu'à 2 connecteurs transversaux supérieurs 126b les reliant aux extrémités longitudinales du même côté des 2 conduites 122b et respectivement 122e. Ces conduites 122b et 122e sont à leur tour inclinées en pente descendante inverse vers leurs autres extrémités longitudinales jusqu'à des connecteurs transversaux 126c les reliant aux extrémités longitudinales du même côté des 2 conduites externes 122a et respectivement 122f (les plus éloignées donc de l'espace central vide 120a). Ces conduites externes 122a et 122f du premier étage 122 sont à nouveau à leur tour en pente inclinée en sens inverse, c'est-à-dire en pente descendante vers des premiers connecteurs verticaux coudés 127a à leur autre extrémité longitudinal (opposé à celles des orifices d'alimentation 121 et orifice de sortie 129).The 2 pipes 122c and 122d are slightly inclined downwardly towards their other longitudinal end up to 2 upper transverse connectors 126b connecting them to the longitudinal ends on the same side of the 2 pipes 122b and 122e respectively. These pipes 122b and 122e are in turn inclined in reverse downward slope towards their other longitudinal ends up to transverse connectors 126c connecting them to the longitudinal ends on the same side of the 2 outer pipes 122a and 122f respectively (the most distant therefore from the empty central space 120a). These external conduits 122a and 122f of the first stage 122 are again in their turn inclined in the opposite direction, that is to say in a downward slope towards the first angled vertical connectors 127a at their other longitudinal end (opposite to those of the supply orifices 121 and outlet orifice 129).

Les connecteurs verticaux 127a formés d'éléments de conduite coudés assurent la liaison desdites conduites 122a et 122f jusqu'aux extrémités situées du même côté longitudinal des conduites 123c et 123d du deuxième étage de conduites 123.The vertical connectors 127a formed of bent pipe elements ensure the connection of said pipes 122a and 122f to the ends located on the same longitudinal side of the pipes 123c and 123d of the second stage of pipes 123.

Les 6 conduites longitudinales parallèles entre elles 123a à 123f du deuxième étage 123 sont également regroupées en 2 groupes de 3 conduites disposées symétriquement respectivement de chaque côté de l'espace central vide 120a au-dessus du troisième étage de conduites, à savoir un premier groupe de conduites 123a, 123b et 123c et un deuxième groupe de conduites 123d, 123e et 123f.The 6 longitudinal conduits parallel to each other 123a to 123f of the second stage 123 are also grouped into 2 groups of 3 conduits arranged symmetrically respectively on each side of the empty central space 120a above the third stage of conduits, namely a first group of pipes 123a, 123b and 123c and a second group of pipes 123d, 123e and 123f.

Les 2 conduites longitudinales internes 123c et 123d du deuxième étage délimitant l'espace central 120a sont reliées aux 2 conduites adjacentes 123b et respectivement 123e par des premiers connecteurs transversaux intermédiaires 126e à l'extrémité longitudinale opposée à celle des premiers connecteurs verticaux coudés 127a.The 2 internal longitudinal conduits 123c and 123d of the second stage delimiting the central space 120a are connected to the 2 adjacent conduits 123b and 123e respectively by first intermediate transverse connectors 126th at the longitudinal end opposite that of the first angled vertical connectors 127a.

Du fait que les premiers connecteurs verticaux coudés 127a assurent la liaison entre les conduites externes 122a et 122f avec les conduites internes du deuxième étage 123c et 123d, on comprend que lesdits connecteurs verticaux coudés 127a comportent une section de conduite horizontale dans la direction transversale 126f.Due to the fact that the first vertical angled connectors 127a ensure the connection between the external conduits 122a and 122f with the internal conduits of the second stage 123c and 123d, it is understood that said vertical bent connectors 127a have a horizontal conduit section in the transverse direction 126f.

Les 2 conduites 123c et 123d sont également inclinées en pente de sens inverse par rapport aux conduites 123b et respectivement 123e de manière à être en pente descendante vers leurs autres extrémités longitudinales jusqu'à des deuxièmes connecteurs transversaux horizontaux intermédiaires 126d assurant leur connexion avec les extrémités longitudinales du même côté longitudinal des 2 conduites externes du deuxième étage 123a et respectivement 123f.The 2 conduits 123c and 123d are also inclined on a slope in the opposite direction with respect to the conduits 123b and 123e respectively so as to be sloping downward towards their other longitudinal ends to the second intermediate horizontal transverse connectors 126d ensuring their connection with the ends longitudinal on the same longitudinal side of the 2 external pipes of the second stage 123a and 123f respectively.

Les autres extrémités longitudinales situées du même côté que les orifices d'alimentation 121 et d'évacuation 129, des 2 conduites externes du deuxième étage 123a et respectivement 123f, sont reliées aux extrémités longitudinales du même côté des 2 conduites externes du troisième étage 124a et 124i par des deuxièmes connecteurs coudés verticaux 127b.The other longitudinal ends located on the same side as the supply 121 and discharge 129 ports, of the 2 external pipes of the second stage 123a and 123f respectively, are connected to the longitudinal ends on the same side of the 2 external pipes of the third stage 124a and 124i by second vertical bent connectors 127b.

Les 2 conduites d'extrémité 124a et 124j du troisième étage 124 (étage inférieur) sont inclinées en pente descendante depuis leurs extrémités reliées aux deuxièmes connecteurs verticaux 127b jusqu'à leurs extrémités reliées à des deuxièmes connecteurs transversaux horizontaux inférieurs 128b disposés du côté opposé dans la direction longitudinale au côté comportant les orifice d'alimentation 121 et orifice d'évacuation 129.The 2 end conduits 124a and 124j of the third stage 124 (lower stage) are inclined downward from their ends connected to the second vertical connectors 127b to their ends connected to second lower horizontal transverse connectors 128b arranged on the opposite side in the longitudinal direction to the side comprising the supply orifice 121 and discharge orifice 129.

Les 8 conduites longitudinales parallèles 124b à 124i du troisième étage ou étage inférieur sont sensiblement horizontales ou en pente inclinée en sens inverse par rapport à celle des 2 conduites externes 124a et 124j depuis lesdits deuxièmes connecteurs transversaux horizontaux 128b en direction de leurs autres extrémités longitudinales toutes reliées à un même premier connecteur transversal inférieur 128a permettant l'évacuation du fluide calorifique (vapeur) vers l'orifice d'alimentation central 129.The 8 parallel longitudinal pipes 124b to 124i of the third floor or lower floor are substantially horizontal or inclined in the opposite direction to that of the 2 external pipes 124a and 124j from said second horizontal transverse connectors 128b towards their other longitudinal ends all connected to the same first lower transverse connector 128a allowing the evacuation of the calorific fluid (vapor) to the central supply port 129.

Pour la préparation de la phase aqueuse, dans une première étape, de l'eau provenant de la citerne 30 est introduite dans la première cuve 110 jusqu'à recouvrir le troisième étage ou étage inférieur 124 de l'échangeur soit environ 1/8e de la hauteur de la cuve, soit de 2 000 à 5 000l, plus particulièrement environ 4000 +/- 500 (litres). La quantité d'eau introduite dans la cuve est mesurée grâce à un débit mètre connecté à l'automate central. Dans une seconde étape, l'échangeur 120 est alimenté en vapeur d'eau et les mélangeurs sont actionnés. L'eau est ainsi chauffée par contact avec le troisième étage 124 de l'échangeur associée à l'action des mélangeurs agitateurs 130 et 131. Lorsqu'une température d'au moins 70°C de préférence 80-85°C est atteinte dans la cuve, une première portion de nitrate d'ammonium est introduite dans la première cuve 110 par la vis de décharge 140 avec un débit de 15t/h. Après mélange de la solution par les agitateurs et contrôle de la température, une autre portion de nitrate est introduite dans la première cuve. On procède ainsi jusqu'à ce qu'une quantité d'environ 20T de nitrates ait été ajoutée à la solution d'environ 4T d'eau pour obtenir environ 24T de phase aqueuse. Enfin, le pH et l'humidité sont contrôlés et corrigés, si nécessaire, par l'adjonction d'eau dans la cuve ou d'un acide faible. On ajoute également un additif de dissolution par exemple à base de thiourée ou de thiocyanate de sodium, soit environ 100kg. Lorsque la première cuve est remplie, au-dessus du premier étage 122, elle comprend des proportions massiques d'environ 80-82% de nitrate et 18-20% et 0.2 à 0.6% d'additifs. La quantité de chaleur nécessaire à la dissolution du nitrate fourni par l'échangeur de chaleur 120 est d'environ 6000 Méga Joules.For the preparation of the aqueous phase, in a first stage, water from the tank 30 is introduced into the first tank 110 until it covers the third stage or lower stage 124 of the exchanger, i.e. approximately 1/8 th the height of the tank, ie from 2000 to 5000l, more particularly about 4000 +/- 500 (liters). The quantity of water introduced into the tank is measured using a flow meter connected to the central PLC. In a second step, the exchanger 120 is supplied with water vapor and the mixers are activated. The water is thus heated by contact with the third stage 124 of the exchanger associated with the action of the agitator mixers 130 and 131. When a temperature of at least 70 ° C, preferably 80-85 ° C is reached in the tank, a first portion of ammonium nitrate is introduced into the first tank 110 by the discharge screw 140 with a flow rate of 15 t / h. After mixing the solution by the stirrers and controlling the temperature, another portion of nitrate is introduced into the first tank. This is done until an amount of about 20T of nitrates has been added to the solution of about 4T of water to obtain about 24T of aqueous phase. Finally, the pH and humidity are controlled and corrected, if necessary, by adding water to the tank or a weak acid. A dissolution additive, for example based on thiourea or sodium thiocyanate, is also added, ie approximately 100 kg. When the first tank is filled, above the first stage 122, it comprises mass proportions of approximately 80-82% of nitrate and 18-20% and 0.2 to 0.6% of additives. The amount of heat required to dissolve the nitrate supplied by the heat exchanger 120 is approximately 6000 Mega Joules.

Les figures 4A et 4B décrivent le deuxième conteneur 200 notamment dédié à la préparation de la phase huileuse, deuxième étape du procédé. La phase huileuse est obtenue par mélange homogène d'huile minérale neuve ou de récupération (recyclée) telle que des huiles paraffiniques et de fioul dans des proportions variant de 0% à 100%, de préférence 50% à 80% d'huile à laquelle est ajouté un tensio-actif du type non ionique dans une proportion massique de 10 à 30% du total de la phase huileuse ainsi obtenue. Le tensio-actif vise à faciliter le mélange de la phase aqueuse dans la phase huileuse sous forme d'émulsion inverse lors de la troisième étape du procédé au sein du troisième conteneur.The figures 4A and 4B describe the second container 200 in particular dedicated to the preparation of the oily phase, second step of the process. The oily phase is obtained by homogeneous mixture of new or recovered mineral oil (recycled) such as paraffinic oils and fuel oil in proportions varying from 0% to 100%, preferably 50% to 80% of oil to which a surfactant of the nonionic type is added in a proportion by mass of 10 to 30% of the total of the oily phase thus obtained. The surfactant aims to facilitate the mixing of the aqueous phase in the oily phase in the form of an inverse emulsion during the third stage of the process within the third container.

Le deuxième conteneur 200 comprend une cuve de préparation de la phase huileuse dénommée deuxième cuve 210 en partie cylindriques à section circulaire montée sur des pesons 240 de volume interne de V2 d'environ 3000 l et comprend en outre un mobilier et matériel de laboratoire d'analyse 250.The second container 200 comprises a tank for preparing the oily phase called second tank 210 which is partly cylindrical with a circular section mounted on load cells 240 with an internal volume of V2 of about 3000 l and further comprises furniture and laboratory equipment from analysis 250.

Les pesons 240 permettent d'évaluer le poids de la deuxième cuve et de son contenant afin de contrôler les quantités de phase huileuse produites ou restantes comme explicité ci-après. Le laboratoire 250 permet de contrôler la qualité des produits issus des différentes étapes de préparation de l'émulsion et le produit final.The load cells 240 make it possible to evaluate the weight of the second tank and of its container in order to control the quantities of oily phase produced or remaining as explained below. Laboratory 250 allows to control the quality of the products resulting from the various stages of preparation of the emulsion and the final product.

La deuxième cuve 210 est une cuve cylindrique à section circulaire et comporte en son sein un échangeur thermique hélicoïdal 220 interne disposé à proximité de la face interne de la paroi cylindrique de l'échangeur. La deuxième cuve 210 comporte à l'intérieur de l'échangeur hélicoïdal 220 un mélangeur 230 à pales rotatives supporté par une tige verticale formant axe de rotation 230b entrainée en rotation par un moteur 230c disposé au-dessus du plafond 210a de la deuxième cuve 210. L'échangeur tubulaire hélicoïdal 220 est alimenté à son ouverture supérieure 222 en vapeur d'eau provenant de la chaudière 410 et permet de chauffer la phase huileuse à une température supérieure à 40-45°C, préférentiellement 50-60°C. L'échangeur 220 et le mélangeur 230a permettent d'obtenir une phase huileuse homogène.The second vessel 210 is a cylindrical vessel with a circular section and comprises within it an internal helical heat exchanger 220 disposed near the internal face of the cylindrical wall of the exchanger. The second tank 210 comprises inside the helical exchanger 220 a mixer 230 with rotating blades supported by a vertical rod forming the axis of rotation 230b driven in rotation by a motor 230c placed above the ceiling 210a of the second tank 210 The helical tubular exchanger 220 is supplied to its upper opening 222 with water vapor coming from the boiler 410 and allows the oily phase to be heated to a temperature above 40-45 ° C, preferably 50-60 ° C. The exchanger 220 and the mixer 230a make it possible to obtain a homogeneous oily phase.

Lors de la préparation de la phase huileuse, le fioul, l'huile et le tensio-actif sont introduits de façon successive dans la deuxième cuve par l'ouverture supérieure 293a au niveau du plafond 210a. Un système de pompes et de vannes commandé à partir d'un pupitre de commande 330 permet de sélectionner le type de fluide introduit dans la deuxième cuve 210 par l'extrémité 293a d'une conduite de transfert 293 dont l'autre extrémité est reliée à la pompe 280 elle-même reliée aux cuves externes 20 de fioul, d'huile et de tensio-actifs via des conduites raccordées à des vannes de connexion de conduite 281, 182 et respectivement 283.During the preparation of the oily phase, the fuel oil, the oil and the surfactant are introduced successively into the second tank through the upper opening 293a at the level of the ceiling 210a. A system of pumps and valves controlled from a control panel 330 makes it possible to select the type of fluid introduced into the second tank 210 via the end 293a of a transfer pipe 293, the other end of which is connected to the pump 280 itself connected to the external tanks 20 of fuel oil, oil and surfactants via pipes connected to pipe connection valves 281, 182 and 283 respectively.

La quantité de phase huileuse introduite est mesurée, lors du remplissage, grâce aux pesons 240 permettant d'évaluer le poids de la deuxième cuve 210.The quantity of oily phase introduced is measured, during filling, using load cells 240 making it possible to evaluate the weight of the second tank 210.

Lorsque le fioul et l'huile ont été introduits dans la deuxième cuve selon la quantité désirée, l'agitateur 230 est mis en rotation (ou actionné) et de la vapeur est introduite dans l'échangeur 220 par l'ouverture 222 de l'extrémité supérieure du serpentin hélicoïdal de l'échangeur 220. Le tensio-actif est alors introduit dans la deuxième cuve 210. La quantité de vapeur introduite dans l'échangeur 220 est régulée de façon à obtenir la température souhaitée de 40-60°C préférentiellement 50-55°C dans la deuxième cuve. La phase huileuse obtenue est alors conservée à température constante dans la deuxième cuve 210 avant d'être acheminée vers une portion de conduite 312 reliée à la troisième cuve 310 de préparation de l'émulsion dans le troisième conteneur 300 selon un débit massique régulé par un débitmètre 311a dans le troisième conteneur décrit ci-après.When fuel oil and oil have been introduced into the second tank according to the desired quantity, the agitator 230 is rotated (or actuated) and steam is introduced into the exchanger 220 through the opening 222 of the upper end of the helical coil of the exchanger 220. The surfactant is then introduced into the second tank 210. The quantity of steam introduced into the exchanger 220 is regulated so as to obtain the desired temperature of 40-60 ° C, preferably 50-55 ° C in the second tank. The oily phase obtained is then kept at constant temperature in the second tank 210 before being conveyed to a portion of pipe 312 connected to the third tank 310 for preparing the emulsion in the third container 300 according to a mass flow rate regulated by a flowmeter 311a in the third container described below.

La figure 4B représente une vue de derrière sur laquelle sont représentées les différentes ouvertures du deuxième conteneur. L'ouverture 270a de la deuxième paroi longitudinale 200C du deuxième conteneur donne accès auxdites vannes 281, 282, 283 destinées à être reliées à des conduites elles-mêmes reliées à des cuves externes de stockage 20 de fioul, huile et tensio-actifs. L'ouverture supérieure 270b de la paroi 200c donne accès à une vanne 284 éventuellement coopérant avec un flexible de raccordement 292 alimentée en vapeur d'eau par la chaudière 410. Le deuxième conteneur 200 comporte également une porte 261 sur sa paroi transversale avant visant à faciliter le passage d'un opérateur vers le groupe de pompage 190 du conteneur 100 et des portes 260 sur sa paroi transversale arrière pouvant servir d'issue de secours en cas d'incident.The figure 4B shows a rear view in which the various openings of the second container are shown. The opening 270a of the second longitudinal wall 200C of the second container gives access to said valves 281, 282, 283 intended to be connected to pipes which are themselves connected to external storage tanks 20 for fuel oil, oil and surfactants. The upper opening 270b of the wall 200c gives access to a valve 284 possibly cooperating with a connecting hose 292 supplied with water vapor by the boiler 410. The second container 200 also includes a door 261 on its front transverse wall intended to facilitate the passage of an operator to the pumping unit 190 of the container 100 and the doors 260 on its rear transverse wall which can serve as an emergency exit in the event of an incident.

Les figures 5A, 5B et 5C représentent le troisième conteneur 300 de préparation de l'émulsion, dernière étape du procédé de préparation de l'émulsion par mélange des phase aqueuse et phase huileuse.The figures 5A , 5B and 5C represent the third container 300 for preparing the emulsion, the last step of the process for preparing the emulsion by mixing the aqueous phase and the oily phase.

Le troisième conteneur 300 contient :

  • une troisième cuve 310 de préparation de l'émulsion essentiellement cylindrique à section circulaire d'un volume V3 inférieur à 200 litres équipée d'agitateurs 350, et
  • une petite cuve tampon 320 destinée à recueillir de façon temporaire l'émulsion produite dans la troisième cuve, et
  • un groupe de pompage 305 apte à véhiculer ladite émulsion vers la cuve tampon ou vers une conduite d'évacuation 335, et
  • une conduite de transfert 325 entre la troisième cuve 310 et la petite cuve 320 et/ou une conduite d'évacuation 335, coopère avec un dispositif de cisaillement 315 apte à augmenter la viscosité de l'émulsion, et
  • un pupitre de commande 330 apte à commander les différents moyens de pompage, moyens d'agitation, moyens de chauffage et différente vannes et débitmètres en autre de l'installation et une armoire électrique 340 permettant de piloter l'alimentation électrique de l'ensemble de l'installation.
The third container 300 contains:
  • a third tank 310 for preparing the essentially cylindrical emulsion with a circular section with a volume V3 of less than 200 liters equipped with stirrers 350, and
  • a small buffer tank 320 intended to temporarily collect the emulsion produced in the third tank, and
  • a pumping unit 305 capable of conveying said emulsion to the buffer tank or to an evacuation pipe 335, and
  • a transfer line 325 between the third tank 310 and the small tank 320 and / or an evacuation line 335, cooperates with a shearing device 315 capable of increasing the viscosity of the emulsion, and
  • a control panel 330 able to control the various pumping means, stirring means, heating means and different valves and flowmeters in other of the installation and an electrical cabinet 340 for controlling the electrical supply of the assembly installation.

L'émulsion est produite dans la troisième cuve 310 par mélange de la phase aqueuse dans la phase huileuse, la troisième cuve 310 étant équipée d'agitateurs 350. La phase huileuse est produite, lors d'une étape précédente, à une température de 50 à 55°C afin de faciliter l'écart de température avec la phase aqueuse à 80-85°C et de faciliter le mélange des deux phases.The emulsion is produced in the third tank 310 by mixing the aqueous phase in the oily phase, the third tank 310 being equipped with agitators 350. The oily phase is produced, during a previous step, at a temperature of 50. at 55 ° C in order to facilitate the temperature difference with the aqueous phase at 80-85 ° C and to facilitate mixing of the two phases.

L'émulsion produite dans la troisième cuve 310 étant de viscosité faible, sa consistance la rend impropre à son usage ultérieur pour la préparation de l'explosif. L'émulsion est donc envoyée, après sous-tirage, dans un dispositif de cisaillement 315 permettant d'augmenter la viscosité de l'émulsion jusqu'à une valeur de consigne.The emulsion produced in the third tank 310 being of low viscosity, its consistency makes it unsuitable for its subsequent use for the preparation of the explosive. The emulsion is therefore sent, after underdrawing, to a shearing device 315 making it possible to increase the viscosity of the emulsion to a set value.

L'émulsion est ensuite stockée de façon temporaire dans une cuve tampon 320 avant d'être acheminée ultérieurement vers un silo ou une citerne de stockage non représenté. Le stockage temporaire de l'émulsion permet de prélever facilement des échantillons destinés à des contrôles qualité au niveau du laboratoire 250. L'opérateur peut ainsi vérifier la composition et les propriétés physiques de l'émulsion sans atteindre la fin d'un cycle de production. Il peut également avoir un contrôle visuel de la nature de l'émulsion produite.The emulsion is then stored temporarily in a buffer tank 320 before being conveyed subsequently to a silo or a storage tank, not shown. Temporary storage of the emulsion makes it easy to take samples for quality control at the 250 laboratory. This allows the operator to verify the composition and physical properties of the emulsion without reaching the end of a production run. . He can also have a visual control of the nature of the emulsion produced.

La préparation de l'émulsion dans la troisième cuve 310 se fait en deux sous-étapes. Lors d'une première sous-étape de démarrage, la troisième cuve 310 est remplie de phase aqueuse et de phase huileuse dans des proportions massiques de 85-95% de phase aqueuse pour 5-15% de phase huileuse à l'aide de débitmètres massiques 311a et 311b. Ensuite, lors d'une deuxième sous-étape, la troisième cuve 310 est alimentée en continu en phase aqueuse et en phase huileuse, pendant que la pompe 305 soutire en continu une quantité équivalente d'émulsion fluide et l'envoie dans l'organe de cisaillement 315. Le respect du pourcentage phase aqueuse/phase huileuse étant à tout moment garanti par l'utilisation de pompes équipées de débitmètres massiques. Ainsi, le débit massique de remplissage de phase aqueuse sera d'environ 13 fois supérieure à celui de la phase huileuse. Les deux sous-étapes se succèdent de façon à ce que la troisième cuve 310 ne soit jamais vide, le débit de sous-tirage de l'émulsion provenant de la cuve 310 étant constant.The preparation of the emulsion in the third tank 310 takes place in two sub-steps. During a first start-up sub-step, the third tank 310 is filled with aqueous phase and with oily phase in proportions by mass of 85-95% of aqueous phase for 5-15% of oily phase using flow meters mass 311a and 311b. Then, during a second substep, the third tank 310 is continuously supplied with aqueous phase and with oily phase, while pump 305 continuously withdraws an equivalent quantity of fluid emulsion and sends it into the organ. shear capacity 315. The respect of the percentage aqueous phase / oily phase being guaranteed at all times by the use of pumps equipped with mass flow meters. Thus, the mass flow rate of filling of the aqueous phase will be approximately 13 times greater than that of the oily phase. The two sub-steps follow one another so that the third tank 310 is never empty, the emulsion underdraft rate coming from the tank 310 being constant.

La cuve 210 doit contenir la phase huileuse en excédant car on alimente la cuve de mélange ou troisième cuve 310 en continu à partir de la première cuve 110 et de la deuxième cuve 210 jusqu'à épuisement de la première cuve 110.The tank 210 must contain the excess oily phase because the mixing tank or third tank 310 is fed continuously from the first tank 110 and from the second tank 210 until the first tank 110 is exhausted.

La mise en œuvre d'une seule deuxième cuve 210 avec pesons 240 permet de peser plus précisément le reliquat de la phase huileuse à l'intérieur de la deuxième cuve 210 à épuisement de la première cuve 110 d'une part et d'autre part le volume final dans la deuxième cuve 210 lorsqu'on réapprovisionne la deuxième cuve 210.The implementation of a single second tank 210 with load cells 240 makes it possible to weigh more precisely the remainder of the oily phase inside the second tank 210 when the first tank 110 is exhausted on the one hand and on the other hand. the final volume in the second tank 210 when replenishing the second tank 210.

Dans l'art antérieur, on mettait en œuvre deux cuves de préparation de phase huileuse communiquant entre elles et équipées de niveaux afin de connaître la quantité de phase huileuse non utilisée et/ou de mesurer la quantité de phase huileuse produite. Le nombre de niveaux étant discret, la précision atteinte est moindre. L'utilisation d'une cuve à pesons permet donc de s'affranchir de l'utilisation d'une deuxième cuve. Sur la figure 5C, l'ouverture 370a dans la paroi transversale avant 300a du troisième conteneur adjacent au premier conteneur 100 permet le passage de conduites l'acheminement de la phase aqueuse depuis la première cuve 110 vers la troisième cuve 310 de préparation de l'émulsion comportant une conduite 313 coopérant avec un débitmètre réglable 311b à l'intérieur du troisième conteneur.In the prior art, two oily phase preparation tanks were used, communicating with each other and equipped with levels in order to know the quantity of oily phase not used and / or to measure the quantity of oily phase produced. The number of levels being discrete, the precision achieved is lower. The use of a load cell therefore eliminates the need for a second tank. On the figure 5C , the opening 370a in the front transverse wall 300a of the third container adjacent to the first container 100 allows the passage of pipes the delivery of the aqueous phase from the first tank 110 to the third tank 310 for preparing the emulsion comprising a pipe 313 cooperating with an adjustable flowmeter 311b inside the third container.

A ce niveau des ouvertures 170 de la première cuve et 370a de la troisième cuve, il est avantageusement prévu un élément de connexion à l'extrémité de la portion de conduite 313 permettant d'effectuer une connexion rapide avec une portion de conduite s'étendant à l'intérieur du premier conteneur relié au groupe de pompage 190 et à la première cuve.At this level of the openings 170 of the first tank and 370a of the third tank, there is advantageously provided a connection element at the end of the pipe portion 313 allowing a rapid connection to be made with a pipe portion extending inside the first container connected to the pumping unit 190 and to the first tank.

Les autres ouvertures 370b, 370c et 370d du troisième conteneur se situent sur sa paroi longitudinale arrière 300c non adjacente au deuxième conteneur.The other openings 370b, 370c and 370d of the third container are located on its rear longitudinal wall 300c not adjacent to the second container.

L'ouverture 370d se situant au-dessus de la troisième cuve 310 de préparation de l'émulsion, permet de communiquer avec un dispositif optionnel d'extraction de vapeurs provenant de la troisième cuve 310 de préparation de l'émulsion par le biais de conduites hydrauliques.The opening 370d located above the third tank 310 for preparing the emulsion, makes it possible to communicate with an optional device for extracting vapors from the third tank 310 for preparing the emulsion via pipes. hydraulic.

Une ouverture 370c située entre la troisième cuve 310 de préparation de l'émulsion et la petite cuve tampon 320, permet de communiquer avec un module optionnel de refroidissement de l'émulsion 610 au sein d'un sixième conteneur optionnel 600. Plus précisément, ces conduites hydrauliques permettent la connexion de la tour de refroidissement 615 et de l'échangeur à plaques 620 à la conduite 325 reliant le dispositif de cisaillement à la cuve tampon par le biais d'une ouverture correspondante non représentée.An opening 370c located between the third emulsion preparation tank 310 and the small buffer tank 320, allows communication with an optional emulsion cooling module 610 within an optional sixth container 600. More precisely, these Hydraulic lines allow the connection of the cooling tower 615 and the plate heat exchanger 620 to the line 325 connecting the shearing device to the buffer tank through a corresponding opening, not shown.

L'ouverture 370b située derrière la cuve tampon 320 et permet l'acheminement de l'émulsion vers un silo ou une citerne de stockage 50 via une conduite d'évacuation 335 coopérant avec une vanne336.The opening 370b located behind the buffer tank 320 and allows the routing of the emulsion to a silo or a storage tank 50 via an evacuation pipe 335 cooperating with a valve 336.

Au niveau de l'alimentation en vapeur depuis la chaudière410, une conduite 420 permet d'alimenter la première cuve du premier conteneur tandis qu'une conduite en vapeur 430 permet d'alimenter via une connexion 284 au niveau de l'orifice 270b de la paroi longitudinale 200c libre du deuxième conteneur, une conduite d'alimentation 292 de l'extrémité 222 du serpentin hélicoïdale de l'échangeur 220.At the level of the steam supply from the boiler 410, a pipe 420 is used to supply the first tank of the first container while a steam pipe 430 is used to supply via a connection 284 at the orifice 270b of the free longitudinal wall 200c of the second container, a supply pipe 292 of the end 222 of the helical coil of the exchanger 220.

Dans une production en continue journalière, il est possible de produire ainsi 25T à 50T d'émulsion en 8h.In daily continuous production, it is possible to produce 25T to 50T of emulsion in 8 hours.

Dans le mode de réalisation décrit ici, la chaudière 410 fournit l'installation modulaire en vapeur. On pourrait considérer, dans d'autres modes de réalisation, que la chaudière fournit l'installation en fluide chaud et notamment en eau chaude.In the embodiment described here, the boiler 410 provides the modular steam installation. It could be considered, in other embodiments, that the boiler supplies the installation with hot fluid and in particular hot water.

Dans le mode de réalisation décrit ici, du nitrate d'ammonium est utilisé pour la préparation de la phase aqueuse. Des nitrates de sodium ou de calcium pourraient également être utilisés.In the embodiment described here, ammonium nitrate is used for the preparation of the aqueous phase. Sodium or calcium nitrates could also be used.

D'une façon similaire, le fioul et l'huile utilisés pour la préparation de la phase huileuse peuvent être remplacés par d'autres huiles végétales et/ou minérales.Similarly, the fuel oil and the oil used for the preparation of the oily phase can be replaced by other vegetable and / or mineral oils.

Claims (15)

  1. A modular installation (1) allowing the implementation of a method for manufacturing an explosive emulsion precursor consisting of a water-in-oil inverse emulsion including:
    a) a step of preparing an aqueous phase by dissolving nitrates in water and of heating, in a first container (100)
    b) a step of preparing an oil phase by mixing components comprising at least a vegetable and/or mineral fatty substance and a surfactant and of heating, in a second container (200), and
    c) a step of preparing said emulsion by mixing said aqueous phase in said oil phase, in a third container (300),
    characterized in that the modular installation includes a said first container comprising a first dissolution tank (110) provided with first heating means (120) and first stirring means (130, 131) able to stir the aqueous phase contained in the first tank, said first dissolution tank being parallelepiped (110) with at least 5 walls disposed in parallel with and against respectively at least 5 walls of said first container, said first heating means of said first tank (110) comprising a first tubular heat exchanger (120), said first tubular heat exchanger consisting of a network of cylindrical heat transfer fluid pipes disposed longitudinally and transversely, continuously, at different height levels (122, 123, 124), able to heat the liquid contained in said first parallelepiped tank by distributing the heat of the heat transfer fluid circulating in said network of pipes throughout the volume of said first tank, said longitudinal cylindrical pipes disposed substantially at the same height level being interconnected at their ends on the same side by pipe elements forming horizontal transverse connectors (126a-126f, 128a-128b), one end of at least one longitudinal pipe disposed at a given level being connected to the end of a longitudinal pipe disposed at the bottom or at the top by at least one elbow pipe element extending in a vertical plane (127a-127b), said pipes of the upper levels being disposed in slightly inclined slopes descending relative to the horizontal in the direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid from an upper supply port (121) at an upper transverse connector (126a) towards a lower discharge port (129) at a first lower transverse connector (128a).
  2. The modular installation according to claim 1 characterized in that said first heat exchanger (120) of the first parallelepiped tank (110) includes a network of cylindrical longitudinal pipes with a greater number of pipes in the lower part of the first tank.
  3. The modular installation according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that said first container contains first means for circulating, by pumping (190, 190a - 190b), at least said aqueous phase and the supply water of said first tank from a first outer tank (30), located between a sixth transverse side wall (110b) of said first tank and a front transverse side wall (160) of said first container.
  4. The modular installation according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said pipes of the upper levels are disposed in slightly inclined slopes descending by an angle less than 10° relative to the horizontal in the direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid from an upper supply port (121) at an upper transverse connector (126a) towards a lower discharge port (129) at a first lower transverse connector (128a).
  5. The modular installation according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the first heat exchanger (120) within the first tank includes:
    - a lower stage (124) of said longitudinal pipes (124a-124j) covering the floor of said first parallelepiped tank, said pipes of the lower stage being evenly spaced apart in the transverse direction of the first tank and extending in the longitudinal direction substantially horizontally from at least a second lower transverse connector (128b) towards said first lower transverse connector (128a), and
    - at least one upper stage (122, 123) of said longitudinal pipes in fewer numbers than the pipes of the lower stage, the pipes of said upper stage being grouped together on either side of a central space (120a) of a dimension in the transverse direction of the tank greater than the space between two said adjacent pipes positioned on the same side of said central space, said central space (120a) containing part of said first means for stirring the aqueous phase (130, 131), and
    - the adjacent longitudinal pipes of the same stage being of reverse inclinations and their ends on the same longitudinal side are interconnected by horizontal transverse connectors.
  6. The modular installation according to claim 5, characterized in that part of said first means for stirring the aqueous phase (130a, 131a) are positioned at a height between said upper stage and said lower stage, and another part of said first stirring means (130b, 131b) is positioned above said upper stage.
  7. The modular installation according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said first tank is closed but accessible from the sealable openings in its ceiling (110a) and the roof (103) of the first container.
  8. The modular installation according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the roof (103) of the first container and the ceiling (110a) of said first tank are provided with first openings facing each other surrounded by first preferably removable vertical raising walls (145) extending from the ceiling (110a) of the first tank up to the top of the roof (103) of the first container and said first raising walls supporting or being able to support elements allowing conveying nitrate in the first tank through said first openings, the nitrate being preferably conveyed into the first tank by means of a discharge screw (140), the nitrate being distributed inside the first tank in the direction of the first stirring means (130, 131) using at least one deflector (141) disposed below the first opening of the ceiling (110) of the first tank, said first openings in the ceiling of the first tank and the roof of the first container being preferably sealable, which can be sealed during transportation of said first container and said first tank.
  9. The modular installation according to claim 8, characterized in that the roof (103) of the first container and the ceiling of the first tank include second openings facing each other, surrounded by second removable vertical raising walls (135, 136), said second raising walls extending from the ceiling (110a) of the first tank up to the top of the roof (103) of the first container, said second raising walls supporting first stirring means (130, 131) comprising at least one vertical rod (130c, 131c) extending inside the first tank on which rotary stirring blades (130a-130b, 131a-131b) able to be actuated in rotation around a vertical axis using a motor (130d, 131d) are mounted, said motor being permanently fixed to the roof of the first container, said second openings being sealable, thus being able to be sealed during transportation.
  10. The modular installation according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the modular installation includes at least the following additional containers:
    - a second container (200) containing a second tank (210) containing second heating means (220) and second stirring means (230) dedicated to the preparation of the oil phase, and
    - a third container (300) containing a third tank (310) containing third stirring means (330) dedicated to the preparation of the emulsion.
  11. The modular installation according to any of claims 1 to 10 characterized in that the first tank (110) comprises a heat exchanger (120) consisting of a set of three stages (122, 123 and 124) of longitudinal pipes with circular cross-section, continuously interconnected by horizontal pipe elements or transverse connectors (126a to 126f and 128a, 128b) for the pipes disposed in the same said stage, the ends of some longitudinal pipes at the different stages of the exchanger are connected to those of an immediately upper or lower stage by vertical elbow pipe elements extending in a vertical plane also called vertical connectors (127a, 127b), the longitudinal pipes at the first stage (122) and second stage (123) being grouped together so as to arrange a free central space (120a) allowing the passage of rods and rotating blades of stirrers (130 and 131), the third stage or lower stage (124) covering substantially uniformly the entire floor surface of the first tank, the longitudinal pipes being spaced apart therein in the transverse direction by the same distance from each other, the smallest blades (130a and 131a) of the stirrers (130 and 131) being located in height between the second and third stages (122 and 123) of the exchanger (120) in the vicinity of the pipes of the third stage (124), the largest blades (130b and 131b) of the stirrers (130 and 131) being located above the pipes of the first stage (122) of the exchanger (120).
  12. The modular installation according to claim 11, characterized in that the modular installation includes the following additional containers arranged as follows:
    - at least one of said second and/or third containers containing second means for circulating, by pumping, said oil phase (290) from the second tank towards the third tank and circulating the components of the oil phase (280) from outer storage tanks of said components (20) towards said second tank, and third means for circulation by pumping to discharge said emulsion (305) from said third tank towards a tank for storing the emulsion, and
    - at least a fourth and/or fifth container (400, 500) including heat transfer fluid providing means (410) allowing supplying heat transfer fluid to said heating means and electrical energy providing means (510) allowing supplying electricity to at least said means for circulating fluid by pumping and said stirring means, preferably a fourth container (400) containing heat transfer fluid providing means (410) and a fifth container (500) containing electrical energy providing means (510),
    - said first, second and/or third containers (100, 200, 300) being juxtaposed at least on part of one of their side walls (100a, 300a, 300b, 200b), so that at least part of a side wall of said first container is juxtaposed with at least part of a side wall of said third container, and at least part of a side wall of the second container is juxtaposed with at least part of another side wall of the third container, so that said third container is interposed between said first container and said second container, and
    - said first, second and/or third containers comprising, at their walls, openings (170, 370a, 275, 375, 270b, 370b) through which fluid transfer pipes between said containers and/or electric cables pass and/or are connected,
    - said openings being sealable, in particular being able to be sealed during the transportation of the containers.
  13. The modular installation according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that the second container (200) dedicated to the preparation of the oil phase (200) includes a single second tank (210) supported by load cells (240) comprising, inside the second tank, second heating means comprising a second heat exchanger of helical shape (220).
  14. The modular installation according to any of claims 1 to 13 characterized in that the third container (300) dedicated to the preparation of the emulsion (300) includes a said third mixture tank (310), a shearing device (315) to increase in a controlled manner the viscosity of the emulsion discharged from said third tank (310) in the direction of a fourth buffer tank (320) intended to temporarily collect the emulsion prepared in said third tank for analysis before discharge towards an outer emulsion storage tank (50) outside the third container, and the second container and/or the third container (200 , 300) include furniture and analytical laboratory equipment (250), a control panel (330) of the various said pumping circulation means, heating means and stirring means.
  15. A method for preparing an explosive precursor consisting of a said emulsion by implementing a modular installation according to any of claims 10 to 13 including:
    a) a step of preparing a said aqueous phase by dissolving nitrates in water and of heating within said first tank,
    b) a step of preparing a said oil phase and of heating within said second tank, and
    c) a step of preparing the emulsion by mixing the aqueous phase in the oil phase within said third tank, without heating.
EP14191011.7A 2013-01-16 2014-01-09 Modular facility for producing an explosive emulsion precursor Active EP2845844B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL14191011T PL2845844T3 (en) 2013-01-16 2014-01-09 Modular facility for producing an explosive emulsion precursor

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1350379A FR3000957A1 (en) 2013-01-16 2013-01-16 MODULAR INSTALLATION FOR MANUFACTURING AN EXPLOSIVE EMULSION PRECURSOR
PCT/FR2014/050032 WO2014111644A1 (en) 2013-01-16 2014-01-09 Modular installation for the manufacture of an explosive emulsion precursor
EP14703120.7A EP2828226B1 (en) 2013-01-16 2014-01-09 Modular installation for the manufacture of an explosive emulsion precursor

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14703120.7A Division EP2828226B1 (en) 2013-01-16 2014-01-09 Modular installation for the manufacture of an explosive emulsion precursor
EP14703120.7A Division-Into EP2828226B1 (en) 2013-01-16 2014-01-09 Modular installation for the manufacture of an explosive emulsion precursor

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2845844A2 EP2845844A2 (en) 2015-03-11
EP2845844A3 EP2845844A3 (en) 2015-11-11
EP2845844B1 true EP2845844B1 (en) 2021-02-17

Family

ID=48521137

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14191011.7A Active EP2845844B1 (en) 2013-01-16 2014-01-09 Modular facility for producing an explosive emulsion precursor
EP14703120.7A Active EP2828226B1 (en) 2013-01-16 2014-01-09 Modular installation for the manufacture of an explosive emulsion precursor

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14703120.7A Active EP2828226B1 (en) 2013-01-16 2014-01-09 Modular installation for the manufacture of an explosive emulsion precursor

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US9670107B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2845844B1 (en)
DK (1) DK2845844T3 (en)
ES (2) ES2865129T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3000957A1 (en)
PL (1) PL2845844T3 (en)
TR (1) TR201808346T4 (en)
WO (1) WO2014111644A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107596946A (en) * 2017-11-07 2018-01-19 河南道骐汽车科技有限公司 A kind of OIL IN LUBRICATING OIL PRODUCTION Mixer pot
CN113831203B (en) * 2021-11-10 2022-05-10 黑龙江盛安民用爆破器材有限责任公司 Preparation method and preparation device of calcium salt-containing emulsion explosive
CN114699985B (en) * 2022-03-31 2023-06-13 神华准格尔能源有限责任公司 Aqueous solution configuration method, apparatus, and computer-readable storage medium
FR3134730A1 (en) * 2022-04-26 2023-10-27 Nitrates & Innovation Compact modular installation for the preparation of an explosive emulsion precursor

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE454677C (en) * 1928-01-14 Dorr Co Containers used for loosening fine-grained materials
DE398710C (en) * 1924-07-10 Maschb Akt Ges Balcke Device for dissolving salts, especially calcium salts, consisting of several individual cells
US3442727A (en) * 1967-08-03 1969-05-06 Atlas Chem Ind Emulsified nitric acid blasting composition and method of preparing same
DE2341974A1 (en) * 1973-08-20 1975-03-13 Leifeld & Co Bending arrangement for pipes - pipes are filled with water or liquid which can be frozen before processing
ZW16283A1 (en) * 1982-07-28 1984-03-07 Aeci Ltd Explosives mixing device
US4526633A (en) * 1982-11-08 1985-07-02 Ireco Incorporated Formulating and delivery system for emulsion blasting
ES2048205T3 (en) * 1987-12-17 1994-03-16 Ici Plc METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR EMULSIFICATION.
US5346564A (en) * 1993-06-16 1994-09-13 Nelson Brothers, Inc. Method of safely preparing an explosive emulsion composition
FR2730647B1 (en) * 1995-02-20 1997-04-04 Elf Antar France LIQUID PRODUCTS MIXING AND PACKAGING PLANT
AUPN737395A0 (en) * 1995-12-29 1996-01-25 Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited Process and apparatus for the manufacture of emulsion explosive compositions
US6113715A (en) * 1998-07-09 2000-09-05 Dyno Nobel Inc. Method for forming an emulsion explosive composition
ATE296273T1 (en) * 1999-07-09 2005-06-15 Espanola Explosivos METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE IN-SITU PRODUCTION OF EXPLOSIVES FROM WATER-BASED OXIDIZING PRODUCTS
DE10104311C1 (en) * 2001-01-22 2002-08-14 Berstorff Gmbh compounding
US6808573B2 (en) * 2002-09-23 2004-10-26 Dyno Nobel Inc. Emulsion phase having improved stability
AU2003226694B2 (en) * 2003-03-21 2010-08-26 Kemira Oyj Device and method for continuously producing emulsions or dispersions
DE102005021610A1 (en) * 2005-05-10 2006-11-23 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH heat exchangers
CA2712163C (en) * 2008-01-23 2016-03-01 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Mobile delivery platform for flowable explosive
DE202008009297U1 (en) * 2008-07-10 2008-09-04 Mat Mischanlagentechnik Gmbh Compact plant for suspension preparation
DE102009052748B4 (en) * 2009-11-11 2013-07-04 Coperion Gmbh Container compounding
WO2014048649A1 (en) * 2012-09-26 2014-04-03 Basf Se Device for heating or cooling a meltable material

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TR201808346T4 (en) 2018-07-23
ES2673577T3 (en) 2018-06-22
EP2828226B1 (en) 2018-03-14
WO2014111644A1 (en) 2014-07-24
EP2845844A2 (en) 2015-03-11
FR3000957A1 (en) 2014-07-18
US20150144236A1 (en) 2015-05-28
US9670107B2 (en) 2017-06-06
EP2845844A3 (en) 2015-11-11
PL2845844T3 (en) 2021-08-02
ES2865129T3 (en) 2021-10-15
DK2845844T3 (en) 2021-05-17
EP2828226A1 (en) 2015-01-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2845844B1 (en) Modular facility for producing an explosive emulsion precursor
EP2776705B1 (en) Pumped-storage power plant
EP3119736B1 (en) Method for producing an explosive by mixing with a gasification reagent
DE102013112255A1 (en) Stirrer frame and agitator assembly for fermenter, fermenter, biogas plant, biogas production process and fermenter conversion process
EP1321262B1 (en) Installation for manufacturing and transporting of mortar
FR3050205A1 (en) STATIC MIXER WITH A SHEARING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING EXPLOSIVE
WO2023209311A1 (en) Compact modular facility for preparing an explosive emulsion precursor
CN218561315U (en) Integrated liquid oil phase tank for emulsion explosive production
EP3318341B1 (en) Device and method for dry methanisation of organic material.
FR3032980A1 (en) DISCONTINUOUS PRODUCTION UNIT OF COLD WRAPPED
EP0956165A1 (en) Method and multipurpose equipment for maintaining metastable liquids
EP3119735A1 (en) Facility for producing an explosive by mixing with a gasification reagent
FR3131857A1 (en) FACILITY FOR THE STORAGE AND USE OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS
RU2223856C1 (en) Mechanical mixing plant
EP0756516A1 (en) Apparatus for mixing and packaging liquid materials
CN216645095U (en) Fireworks production is with filling out medicine device
EP3299745B1 (en) Device for heating by biomass fermentation
FR2570254A1 (en) PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ADDITIONAL FORAGE OF WATER AND PLANT FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS
WO1993002843A2 (en) Machine and method for projecting a mixture comprising products of variable grain sizes
FR2917324A1 (en) INSTALLATION FOR PREPARING A WET MATERIAL OF CONCRETE OR MORTAR TYPE
FR3069239A1 (en) SELF-CONTAINING METHANIZATION CONTAINER FOR LIQUID WAY
FR3012346A1 (en) TANK FOR A METHANIZATION FACILITY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS
FR3120234A1 (en) Device for biogas production tank or pre-pit with multifunction pump
EP0735002A1 (en) Method and apparatus for dissolving a magnesium compound in water
WO2008147331A2 (en) Method and equipment for continuously producing driving torque using the energy of earth's gravitational field

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20141030

AC Divisional application: reference to earlier application

Ref document number: 2828226

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: P

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: C06B 21/00 20060101ALI20151002BHEP

Ipc: F28B 1/02 20060101ALI20151002BHEP

Ipc: B01F 7/16 20060101ALI20151002BHEP

Ipc: C06B 47/14 20060101AFI20151002BHEP

Ipc: F28F 13/12 20060101ALI20151002BHEP

Ipc: B01F 7/18 20060101ALI20151002BHEP

Ipc: F28D 1/02 20060101ALI20151002BHEP

Ipc: F28F 9/26 20060101ALI20151002BHEP

Ipc: B01F 15/06 20060101ALI20151002BHEP

Ipc: B01F 1/00 20060101ALI20151002BHEP

Ipc: B01F 7/00 20060101ALI20151002BHEP

R17P Request for examination filed (corrected)

Effective date: 20160316

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20180102

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20201112

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AC Divisional application: reference to earlier application

Ref document number: 2828226

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: P

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: NITRATES & INNOVATION

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602014074784

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1361268

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20210315

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: TRGR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FI

Ref legal event code: FGE

RAP4 Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)

Owner name: NITRATES & INNOVATION

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: T3

Effective date: 20210512

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG9D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20210217

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210617

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210518

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210517

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210517

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 1361268

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20210217

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210617

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2865129

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20211015

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602014074784

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20211118

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210617

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220109

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R082

Ref document number: 602014074784

Country of ref document: DE

Representative=s name: CBDL PATENTANWAELTE GBR, DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: PC2A

Owner name: INNOVATION & INDUSTRIE

Effective date: 20230622

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R081

Ref document number: 602014074784

Country of ref document: DE

Owner name: INNOVATION & INDUSTRIE, FR

Free format text: FORMER OWNER: NITRATES&INNOVATION, PARIS, FR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: HC

Free format text: DETAILS ASSIGNMENT: CHANGE OF OWNER(S), CHANGE OF OWNER(S) NAME

Effective date: 20230728

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20231226

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Payment date: 20231227

Year of fee payment: 11

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: HC

Owner name: INNOVATION & INDUSTRIE; FR

Free format text: DETAILS ASSIGNMENT: CHANGE OF OWNER(S), CHANGE OF OWNER(S) NAME; FORMER OWNER NAME: NITRATES & INNOVATION

Effective date: 20231221

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20140109

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20240216

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: IE

Payment date: 20240119

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Payment date: 20240124

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20240213

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20240226

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20240221

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Payment date: 20240108

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20240119

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20240110

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: DK

Payment date: 20240129

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20240129

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20210217