EP2844820B1 - Installation de liaisons fond-surface de type tour hybride multi-risers comprenant des conduites flexibles a flottabilite positive - Google Patents

Installation de liaisons fond-surface de type tour hybride multi-risers comprenant des conduites flexibles a flottabilite positive Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2844820B1
EP2844820B1 EP13715349.0A EP13715349A EP2844820B1 EP 2844820 B1 EP2844820 B1 EP 2844820B1 EP 13715349 A EP13715349 A EP 13715349A EP 2844820 B1 EP2844820 B1 EP 2844820B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
risers
pipes
tower
floats
flexible
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EP13715349.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2844820A1 (fr
Inventor
François Régis PIONETTI
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Saipem SA
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Saipem SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/002—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables specially adapted for underwater drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E21B17/012—Risers with buoyancy elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/08—Casing joints
    • E21B17/085—Riser connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/18—Pipes provided with plural fluid passages
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/20—Flexible or articulated drilling pipes, e.g. flexible or articulated rods, pipes or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E21B43/013—Connecting a production flow line to an underwater well head

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an installation of multiple bottom-surface connections between submarine pipes resting at the bottom of the sea and a floating support surface, comprising a hybrid tower constituted by a plurality of flexible pipes connected to a plurality of rigid pipes. risers, or risers vertical, the lower end of the hybrid tower is secured to an anchoring device comprising a base disposed at the bottom of the sea.
  • the technical field of the invention is more particularly the field of the manufacture and installation of production risers for the underwater extraction of oil, gas or other soluble or fusible material or a suspension of mineral material from wellhead immersed to a floating support, for the development of production fields installed offshore at sea.
  • the main and immediate application of the invention being in the field of oil production.
  • the floating support generally comprises anchoring means to remain in position despite the effects of currents, winds and waves. It also generally comprises oil storage and processing means as well as means of unloading to removal tankers, the latter being present at regular intervals to carry out the removal of the production.
  • the common name of these floating supports is the Anglo-Saxon term “Floating Production Storage Offloading” (meaning “floating medium of storage, production and unloading") which one uses the abbreviated term "FPSO" in the whole of the following description.
  • the floating support is either anchored at its four corners and it then keeps a substantially constant course throughout the lifetime of the facilities, or it is anchored in a single point, called reel, usually located towards the front of the ship, usually in the front third, or outside the ship a few meters from the bow of the ship.
  • the FPSO then turns around its reel and naturally positions itself in the direction of least resistance compared to the forces created by the swell, the wind and the current.
  • the bottom-surface connections are connected to the inner portion of the drum substantially fixed relative to the ground and rotary joints, known to those skilled in the art, transfer to the FPSO fluids, electrical power or electrical signals between said bottom-surface bonds and said FPSO.
  • an FPSO on a drum it can rotate 360 ° around the axis of its drum which remains substantially fixed with respect to the ground.
  • an advantageous floating support is of the reel type in which all the bottom-surface links must converge towards a reel before joining the FPSO proper, via a rotary joint fitting located at the axis of said reel.
  • the bottom-surface connection pipes are made by flexible pipes directly connecting the pipes resting on the bottom of the sea to the drum, said flexible pipes being generally organized radially or star uniformly distributed all around the axis of said reel. This type of bottom-surface connection is more particularly intended for the depths of 200 to 750 m.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a bottom-to-surface connection facility between a plurality of underwater pipes resting at the bottom of the sea and a surface floating support, comprising a hybrid tower consisting of a plurality of flexible pipes connected to pipes. rigid risers, or vertical risers, the upper end of said flexible pipes being secured to a drum freely pivoting to the front of the ship or within the ship, usually in the forward third of said vessel.
  • the essential function of the plunging flexible pipes is to absorb at least in part the movements of the upper ends of rigid pipes to which one of their ends is connected and / or floating support movements to which their other end is connected by mechanically uncoupling the respective movements of the upper ends of rigid pipes to which they are connected and floating supports to which they are also connected at their other end.
  • a so-called flexible connecting pipe takes its own weight in the form of a plunging chain curve, that is to say falling well below its attachment points at each end with the support respectively. floating and the upper end of the rigid pipe to which it is connected, provided that the length of said flexible pipe is greater than the distance between its point of attachment to the floating support and the upper end of said rigid pipe to which she is connected.
  • said guiding structure is maintained in subsurface between said reel and said supporting structure and makes it possible to create a plurality of plunging chains extending (with respect to the center of the pipe) in substantially vertical planes passing through the vertical axis Z 1 Z 1 of said guide structure on the one hand, and secondly, spacing laterally said plunger chains from each other in a horizontal perpendicular plane.
  • the guiding structure makes it possible to guarantee that the curvature of said plunger chains at their inflexion low point always remains with a radius of curvature greater than a minimum radius of curvature below which the deformation of the flexible duct would become irreversible and / or damage it.
  • said guide structure of WO 2011/144864 makes it possible to implement with an optimal reduced bulk, a greater number of flexible pipes without these interfering with each other and in particular do not collide, in case of movement of said floating support related to the swell, aware and / or waves.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an installation capable of including a greater number of bottom-surface connection connecting a drum and pipes at the bottom of the sea in a small footprint and conditions of mechanical reliability and cost just as optimal.
  • a hybrid multi-riser tower comprising an anchoring system with a vertical tendon consisting of either a cable or a metal bar, or a pipe stretched at its upper end by a float.
  • the lower end of the tendon is attached to a base resting at the bottom.
  • Said tendon comprises guiding means distributed over its entire length through which passes a plurality of said risers vertical.
  • Said base can be placed simply on the seabed and stay in place by its own weight, or remain anchored by means of batteries or any other device to keep it in place.
  • the lower end of the riser vertical is adapted to be connected to the end of a bend sleeve, movable, between a high position and a low position, relative to said base, to which this sleeve is suspended and associated with a means return it to the upper position in the absence of the riser.
  • This mobility of the bent sleeve makes it possible to absorb the length variations of the riser under the effects of temperature and pressure.
  • a stop device integral with it, comes to rest on the support guide installed at the head of the float and thus maintains the entire riser in suspension.
  • connection with the submarine pipe resting on the sea floor is generally carried out by a portion of pipe shaped pig or S-shaped, called “jumper" said S then being made in a plane is vertical is horizontal, the connection with said underwater pipe is generally performed via an automatic connector.
  • the bottom-surface links are generally maintained vertical thanks to a float of very large dimensions, its buoyancy being able to reach 500 tons, even 1000 tons for the bigger ones.
  • the safety regulations require that the vane ship around its drum is never above such a large capacity float. The reason is that, in case of breakage of the connection between said float and said riser, the sudden and uncontrolled rise of such a float constitutes an extremely dangerous projectile for any equipment present in the lift zone. It is then necessary to significantly distance the foot of the riser, so that said float still remains largely outside the avoidance circle of the boat.
  • a bottom-surface connection type hybrid tower to facilitate its manufacture and implementation at sea, without head float, consisting of a rigid riser embedded in a foot in a foundation and connected to the FPSO by a flexible pipe equipped with buoyancy elements on an end portion of its length, the end portion of flexible pipe with positive buoyancy being in continuity of curvature with said rigid riser and avoiding to implement a float at the head and furthermore making it possible to avoid using a connection device of the gooseneck type between the riser and the flexible pipe.
  • this type of hybrid tower of WO 2009/138609 which can be manufactured and installed at sea in a simplified manner, represents only a single bottom-surface connection and is not adapted to the implementation of a hybrid multi-riser tower comprising a plurality of risers around a tendon anchored in the foot.
  • the buoyancy modules slide on the risers and tendon, all the tension is reduced to the level of the upper supporting structure to which are fixed the upper ends of the risers and the structure of the modules as well as the connection between the risers and the upper supporting structure must take up considerable tensile forces representing all the weight of the risers. Indeed, if the foundation is subjected only to the resultant force T R exerted at the head float, namely 10 to 50% of the total weight of the tower, the total weight of the tower is taken directly by all the buoyancy modules, the latter exerting a vertical thrust upward directly on the underside of said carrier structure. More particularly, all of the buoyancy modules provide cumulative buoyancy ⁇ F representing a traction force of intensity greater than the total weight of the tower Pt, preferably from 102 to 110% of the total weight of the tower.
  • the buoyancy elements are sliding and cover only a portion of the total length of the risers, so they can not ensure optimal thermal insulation.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new type of installation of a large amount of multiple bottom-surface connections and of various types in connection with a FPSO anchored on a drum, for connecting preferably individually a plurality of heads subsea wells and installations installed at the deep seabed, that is to say beyond 1,000 m of water depth, and having no dangerous buoyancy element, such as a large tensioning float of up to 500-1000 m3 or more, and overcoming the drawbacks of the previous embodiments, particularly as described in WO 2010/097528 and WO 2011/144864 .
  • the oil reservoir is known at this stage only incompletely, production at full speed then often requires reconsideration, after a few months. years, the initial production plans and the organization of associated equipment.
  • the number of bottom-surface links and their organization is defined in relation to estimated needs, said needs being almost systematically revised upwards after the bringing the field into production, either for the recovery of crude oil, or for the need to inject more water into the reservoir, or to recover or reinject more gas.
  • Another problem posed according to the present invention is to be able to make and install such bottom-surface connections for submarine pipes at great depths, such as above 1,000 meters for example, and of type comprising a vertical hybrid tower. and whose transported fluid must be maintained above a minimum temperature until it reaches the surface, minimizing the components subject to heat loss, avoiding the disadvantages created by the clean thermal expansion, or differential, various components of said tower, so as to withstand extreme stresses and cumulative fatigue phenomena over the life of the structure, which currently exceeds 20 years.
  • Another problem of the present invention is also to provide a facility of multiple bottom-surface connections with hybrid towers whose anchoring system is of high strength and low cost, and whose manufacturing processes and implementation In place of the various constituent elements are simplified and also of low cost, and can be realized at sea with current installation vessels.
  • Said guide means are advantageously installed over the entire height of the tower and thus have the essential function of maintaining a constant geometry of positioning the risers with respect to each other and tendons, and thus to prevent the buckling of said risers when those these are put into compression, especially when they are filled with gas, the spacing between two means of successive guidance being preferably reduced in this area subject to lateral buckling.
  • each hybrid multi-riser tower Due to the respective arrangement of said flexible pipes with positive buoyancy relative to each other, it is possible to implement on each hybrid multi-riser tower a plurality of flexible pipes with positive buoyancy, in particular from 2 to 8 flexible pipes with positive buoyancy, shifted in height although close in terms of lateral spacing, since all converge towards the same tower, that is to say near the same tendon.
  • Another advantage of an installation according to the invention is that it is possible to implement a plurality of hybrid towers whose flexible pipes are connected to the same drum but offset angularly and radially, so that the turns are arranged in a fan pattern around said drum at identical or different distances from said drum, certain turns being able to be only partially installed and not yet comprising flexible pipes or only a part of said rigid pipes being able to be extended from said flexible pipes to their upper ends and / or or connected to said underwater pipes resting at the bottom of the sea at their lower ends, said rigid pipes being waiting for connection to wellheads as well as to the floating support, as explained hereinafter.
  • first flexible conduit refers to the conduits known under the name “flexible” well known to those skilled in the art and which have been described in the normative documents published by the American Petroleum Institute (API), more particularly under the API 17J and API RP 17 B references.
  • API American Petroleum Institute
  • Such hoses are in particular manufactured and marketed by TECHNIP France under the trade name COFLEXIP.
  • These flexible pipes generally comprise internal sealing layers of thermoplastic materials associated with layers resistant to the pressure internal to the pipe, generally made of steel or composite materials made in the form of spiral strips, contiguous inside the thermoplastic pipe to withstand the bursting internal pressure and supplemented by external reinforcements above the thermoplastic tubular layer also in the form of contiguous spiral strips, but with a pitch longer, that is to say an angle of inclination of the lower helix, in particular from 15 ° to 55 °.
  • Vertical means that when the sea is calm and the installation is at rest, the connection hoses to the FPSO not being installed, the tendon and the risers are arranged substantially vertically, it being understood that the swell, and the movements of the floating support and / or flexible ducts can cause the tower to travel in a vertex angle preferably limited to 10-15 °, in particular because of the use of a connecting piece and transition of inertia, or a flexible articulation of the Roto-Latch ® type at the foot of the tendon, at its point of attachment to said base or anchor.
  • tower or "vertical riser” is used here to account for the substantially vertical theoretical position of said risers when they are at rest, provided that the axes of the risers can know angular movements with respect to the vertical and move in a angle cone ⁇ whose apex corresponds to the attachment point of the lower end of the tendon on said base.
  • the upper end of a vertical riser can be slightly curved. Therefore, the term “first flexible pipe end portion substantially in alignment with the axis Z 1 Z 1 said riser that the end of the inverted chain curve of said first flexible pipe is substantially tangential to the end of said riser vertical. In any case, in continuity of variation of curvature, that is to say without singular point, in the mathematical sense.
  • the slope of the curve formed by the first flexible pipe is such that the inclination of its tangent relative to the axis Z 1 Z 1 of the upper part of said vertical riser increases. continuously and progressively from the point of connection between the upper end of the vertical riser and the end of said end portion of the first flexible positive buoyancy pipe, to the point of inflection corresponding to an inversion of curvature between said end portion convex and the first concave part of the first flexible pipe.
  • the installation according to the present invention thus makes it possible to avoid the tensioning of the vertical riser by a surface or sub-surface float, at which its upper end would be suspended.
  • This type of installation confers increased stability in terms of angular variation ( ⁇ ) of the angle of excursion of the upper end of the vertical riser relative to a theoretical position of vertical rest, because this angular variation is reduced in practice. at a maximum angle not exceeding 5 °, in practice of the order of 1 to 4 ° with the installation according to the invention, whereas, in the embodiments of the prior art, the angular excursion could reach 5 at 10 ° or more.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that, due to this small angular variation of the upper end of the vertical riser, it is possible to implement, at its lower end, a rigid recess on a second or nth base resting at the bottom of the sea, without having recourse to a part of transition of inertia of dimension too important and thus too expensive. It is therefore possible to avoid the use of a flexible hinge, in particular of the flexible spherical ball type, provided that the junction between the lower end of the second or nth riser and said recess comprises an inertial transition piece. .
  • said upper support structure ensures the maintenance of constant geometry of the upper ends of said risers and said vertical tendon securing them to each other at a constant distance.
  • said drum comprises a cavity within a remote structure at the front of the floating support or integrated in or below the hull of the floating support, preferably said cavity passing through the hull of the floating support over its entire height.
  • said vertical tendon consists of a cable or a rigid bar, in particular metal, or a pipe.
  • said first flexible pipe end portion extends over only a portion of the total length of the first flexible pipe so that said first flexible pipe has an S-shaped configuration, with a first portion of a first flexible pipe on the side of said floating support having a concave curvature in the form of a plunging chain and said remaining end portion of said first flexible pipe having a convex curvature in the form of a chain inverted by its positive buoyancy.
  • the term "concave curvature" of said first portion of a first flexible pipe is a curvature with concavity turned upwards
  • convex curvature" of said end portion of a first flexible pipe a curvature with convexity turned upwards or concavity turned down.
  • said first flexible pipes positioned at different heights means that two points of respectively a first upper flexible pipe and a second lower flexible pipe, located in the same vertical direction, are always located one above the other , although a point of the first upper flexible pipe may be at a height less than a point of the first lower flexible pipe, if the two points of the first two upper and lower flexible pipes are not aligned vertically.
  • the two said first flexible ducts are necessarily slightly laterally offset since their ends are connected firstly to the upper ends of said risers, which are offset laterally at said upper bearing structure on the one hand, and their dots attached to the drum are also slightly laterally offset at the reel.
  • the height offset is greater than the lateral offset between the first two flexible pipes.
  • the minimum offset in height of the upper ends of said risers to which said first flexible pipes are fixed and therefore the minimum distance in height between two said first flexible pipes arranged at different heights is at least 3 m, preferably 5 to 10 m.
  • a said tower comprises from 2 to 7 rigid pipes and 2 to 5 said first flexible pipes.
  • said drum comprises a cylindrical inner portion adapted to remain substantially fixed with respect to the seabed inside said cavity when said floating support is rotated about the vertical axis (ZZ) of said portion. internal or said cavity of the drum, said floating support being anchored to the bottom of the sea by lines fixed at their upper ends to said cylindrical inner portion of the drum.
  • the lower ends of the risers are attached to the ends of the underwater pipes resting at the bottom of the sea, preferably via automatic connectors between the said lower ends of the risers and the ends of the underwater pipes, and / or by means of angled sleeves and / or angled connecting lines.
  • an installation according to the invention comprises second flexible pipes of smaller diameters or of lower linear weight than said first flexible pipes, said second flexible pipes having no buoyancy elements and being connected to the upper ends of said riser via connection devices, preferably gooseneck type, said second flexible pipes being located below said first flexible pipes.
  • buoyancy elements can be secured to said connection piece and / or under the face of said upper support structure to compensate for the weight of said second flexible pipes and various accessories such as goosenecks, structural reinforcement elements and than automatic connectors.
  • An installation according to the invention may also comprise other "underwater flexible pipe" such as a cable, an umbilical or a pipe capable of accepting significant deformations without generating significant return forces, in particular a flexible pipe.
  • a control umbilical will comprise one or more hydraulic lines and / or electric cables for transmitting energy and / or information.
  • said tendon is fixed at its lower end to a base or anchor via a junction piece and inertia transition whose variation of inertia is such that its inertia increases gradually from its upper end to at the lower end of said junction piece making the recess of the lower end of said tendon at said base or anchor.
  • inertia is meant herein the moment of inertia of said junction piece and transition of inertia with respect to an axis perpendicular to the axis of said junction piece and inertia transition, which reflects flexural stiffness. in each of the planes perpendicular to the vertical axis of symmetry of said connecting piece and inertia transition, this moment of inertia being proportional to the product of the section of material by the square of its distance from said axis of said junction piece and transition of inertia.
  • said junction and inertia transition piece has a cylindro-conical shape
  • said connecting piece is fixed at its base to a first tubular pile passing through a cavity cylindrical said base or anchor so as to allow the embedding of said connecting piece in said base or anchor.
  • an installation according to the invention comprises third floats integral with said tendon at least in the spaces between said guide modules, said third floats providing a positive buoyancy compensating for at least the weight of said tendon.
  • said guide modules constitute a plurality of independent rigid structures spaced at least 5 m along at least the upper part of said tendon, each said rigid structure comprising a plurality of tubular guide elements defining risers. tubular orifices in which said risers, equipped with said second floats, can slide and a central tendon connecting element preferably defining a central orifice traversed by said tendon and which is secured thereto in particular by welding.
  • said guide modules and said second floats extend over at least 50% of the length of the tower between said carrier structure at the top and the lower end of the tendon.
  • said guide modules are spaced from 2 to 20 m, preferably from 5 to 15 m, and are at least 20, preferably at least 50 guide modules for a tower of at least 1000 m of height.
  • all of said first floats provide cumulative buoyancy representing an upward pulling force of greater intensity than the total weight of said risers, preferably to the total weight of the tower, preferably from 102 to 115%, preferably from 103 to 106%, of the total weight of said risers, more preferably the total weight of the tower.
  • the resulting vertical upward tension at said upper bearing structure being from 2 to 15% of the total weight of the tower, preferably from 3% to 6% of the total weight of the tower.
  • said multi-riser tower is tensioned by said floats and said support is anchored so that the angle ⁇ between the axis (Z 1 Z 1 ) of said tendon and the vertical remains less than 10 °, when the support floating is enlivened by the agitation of the sea and / or the force of the wind despite its anchorage.
  • said second coaxial floats are continuously distributed over the entire length of said risers below and from said upper support structure, and said guide modules are distributed over the entire length of said tendon below and from said superior support structure.
  • the positive buoyancy of the riser, the first flexible pipes and the tendon can be provided in a known manner by coaxial peripheral floats surrounding said pipes, or, preferably, as regards the rigid pipe or vertical riser, a material coating.
  • positive buoyancy preferably also constituting an insulating material, such as syntactic foam, in the form of shell sleeve enclosing said pipe.
  • Such buoyancy elements resistant to very high pressures that is to say at pressures of about 10 MPa per 1,000 m of water, are known to those skilled in the art and are available from BALMORAL (UK).
  • the buoyancy and insulation material will consist of a gum of microspheres with a compressibility lower than that of seawater, as described in the applicant's patent application. FR 11 52574 and described below.
  • said first, second and third floats are in the form of tubular sleeves, preferably in the form of two half-shells forming a tubular sleeve, made of an underwater hydrostatic pressure resistant material, and at least said second floats and preferably said first and second floats are made of material further having thermal insulation properties.
  • Such a material has increased thermal insulation, buoyancy and cracking resistance properties as well as a lower cost compared to a syntactic foam material consisting of the same constituents but without a plasticizing compound as will be explained hereinafter.
  • Hollow microspheres are added in an insulating gel of the type of WO 02/34809 .
  • This mixture of an insulating gel and hollow microspheres has the advantage that its buoyancy does not decrease, or even increases with the depth whereas, on the contrary, the buoyancy of a syntactic foam material (similar material but without plasticizer) decreases very significantly with water depth.
  • This increased buoyancy as a function of the depth results from the fact that the compressibility modulus of said rigid insulating material according to the invention is greater than the modulus of compressibility of water, namely greater than 2200 MPa, the compressibility modulus of the water being around 2,000 MPa.
  • the increase in buoyancy of said material results from the fact that the density of water increases more than that of said material depending on the depth at which the material is.
  • GBG Glass Bubble Gum
  • the material of the present invention provides improved mechanical properties of crack resistance and increased buoyancy at greater depth as well as lower cost than comparable syntactic foam material (similar components without plasticizer).
  • thermal insulator is understood to mean a material whose thermal conductivity properties are less than 0.25 W / m / K and "positive buoyancy" a density of less than 1 relative to seawater.
  • rigid material is used herein to mean a material which is shaped in and of itself and does not deform substantially due to its own weight when preformed by molding or confined in a flexible envelope, and whose modulus of Young ⁇ is greater than 200 MPa, unlike a gel which remains extremely flexible and whose Young's modulus is almost zero.
  • 'mineral oil' a hydrocarbon oil derived from fossil material, especially by distillation of petroleum, coal, and some oil shale and "vegetable oil”, an oil derived from plants by extraction, especially in the case of rapeseed oil, sunflower oil or soya, and more particularly by treatment in the case of esters of these vegetable oils.
  • the hollow balls are filled with a gas and resist the underwater hydrostatic external pressure. They have a diameter of 10 ⁇ m to 10 mm, and for microbeads, 10 to 150 ⁇ m, preferably 20 to 50 ⁇ m and have a thickness of 1 to 2 microns, preferably about 1.5 microns.
  • Such glass microspheres are available from the company 3M (France).
  • an insulating buoyancy material resistant to 2500 m, or about 25 MPa is advantageously used a selection of microspheres whose Gaussian distribution is centered on 20 microns, while for a depth of 1250 m, a distribution Gaussian centered around 40 ⁇ m fits.
  • phase stability of the plasticizer compound according to the invention at the temperature values of -10 ° to + 150 ° C makes it compatible with the temperature values of the seawater and the production petroleum fluids in the deep sea.
  • a rigid insulating material of this type although relatively “rigid” in the sense of the present invention, exhibits a mechanical behavior in terms of compressibility which is close to an elastomeric rubber due to the low value of its Young's modulus, whereas a syntactic foam behaves like a solid.
  • the "rigidity" in the sense of the present invention of the insulating material essentially results from the high mass content of said microbeads, said microbeads also providing a buoyancy and thermal insulation gain compared to an insulating gel of the same composition.
  • the rigid insulating buoyancy material has a density of less than 0.7, preferably less than 0.6, and a thermal conductivity of said material less than 0.15 W / m / K, preferably less than 0.13.
  • W / m / K, and a Young's module or module of triaxially compressing said material from 100 to 1000 MPa, preferably from 200 to 500 MPa, and a compressibility modulus of said rigid insulating material greater than 2000 MPa, preferably greater than 2200 MPa, that is to say a module compressibility greater than that of water.
  • said plasticizer compound has a modulus of compressibility greater than that of said polymer, preferably greater than 2000 MPa, a thermal conductivity, and a density, lower than that of said polymer, preferably a thermal conductivity of less than 0, 12 W / m / K and a density of less than 0.85, more preferably 0.60 to 0.82.
  • plasticizer compound in the matrix may exude out of it.
  • said polymer has a glass transition temperature of less than -10 ° C, its phase stability being thus compatible with the temperature values of seawater and production petroleum fluids to the deep sea.
  • these compressibility properties and comparative thermal and density insulation properties of said plasticizer and said polymer compound are met when, according to a preferred embodiment, said crosslinked polymer is of the type polyurethane and said liquid plasticizer compound is a petroleum product, said light cutting fuel type.
  • said plasticizer compound is selected from kerosene, gas oil, gasoline and white spirit.
  • Kerosene has a thermal conductivity of about 0.11 W / m / K.
  • a plasticizer compound derived from vegetable oil of the biofuel type preferably an oil ester of plant origin, in particular an alcoholic ester of vegetable oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil or of soy.
  • said polymer is a polyurethane resulting from the crosslinking of polyol and of poly iso cyanate, said polyol preferably being of the connected type, more preferably at least a 3-pointed star, and the polyisocyanate being an isocyanate pre-polymer and / or polyisocyanate polymer.
  • said polyurethane polymer results from the crosslinking by polyaddition of hydroxylated polydiene, preferably hydroxylated polybutadiene, and aromatic polyisocyanate, preferably 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) or a polymeric MDI.
  • hydroxylated polydiene preferably hydroxylated polybutadiene
  • aromatic polyisocyanate preferably 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) or a polymeric MDI.
  • the molar ratio NCO / OH of the two polyol and polyisocyanate components is 0.5 to 2, preferably greater than 1, more preferably 1 to 1.2.
  • An excess of NCO ensures that all the OHs have reacted and that the crosslinking is complete or, at the very least, optimal.
  • said rigid material is confined in a protective envelope.
  • the outer casing may be of metal, such as iron, steel, copper, aluminum and metal alloys, but also may also be polymeric synthetic material, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, PVC, polyamides , polyurethanes or any other polymer convertible into tubes, plates or envelopes, or obtained by rotational molding of thermoplastic powders, or composite materials.
  • the option of envelopes of polymeric materials mentioned above is an option all the more practical and effective that the solution of the invention, for obtaining a rigid buoyancy insulating material according to the invention, makes it possible to use of less rigid, lighter and less difficult to implement envelope materials and, therefore, less expensive overall.
  • the outer casing may preferably be a thick layer more or less rigid, a few millimeters to several centimeters thick, but may also be in the form of flexible or semi-rigid film.
  • said rigid buoyancy insulating material is in the form of a premolded part, preferably able to be applied around an underwater pipe or an underwater pipe element to ensure the thermal insulation and / or the Buoyancy and resistance to underwater hydrostatic pressure, preferably at a great depth of at least 1000 m.
  • said positive buoyancy of said first floats of said first flexible pipes is regularly and uniformly distributed over the entire length of said first flexible pipe end portion and the buoyancy of said second floats distributed over at least said upper part of the rigid pipes. , preferably over the entire length of said rigid pipes, provides a resultant vertical thrust of 50 to 150 Kg / meter over the entire length of said rigid pipes, and / or said first floats of the first flexible pipes provide positive buoyancy on a length corresponding to 30 to 60%, of the total length of said first flexible pipes, preferably about half of its total length.
  • said tower comprises a cylindrical outer envelope with circular horizontal section, of plastic or composite material forming a hydrodynamic rigid shield of protection surrounding all of said rigid pipes at least in an upper part of the tower.
  • This screen also contributes to the thermal insulation of said rigid pipes.
  • said outer envelope may be metal, such as iron, steel, copper, aluminum and metal alloys, but also may also be polymeric synthetic material, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, PVC, polyamides, polyurethanes.
  • an installation according to the invention comprises a plurality of said multi-riser hybrid towers, preferably at least 5 turns, whose flexible pipes are connected or adapted to be connected to the same drum but extend in directions (YY ') angularly offset, so that said turns are arranged fanwise around said drum at identical or different distances from said drum, some said turns being able to be only partially mounted not yet comprising flexible pipes and / or only one part of said rigid pipes being extendible from said flexible pipes at their upper ends and / or at least part of said rigid pipes not being connected to said subsea pipes lying at the bottom of the sea at their lower ends.
  • angularly offset directions are the horizontal directions between the vertical axis of the reel and the vertical axis of the tendon.
  • the vertical tendon can also be connected at its lower end to the base or anchor by a flexible joint type laminated stopper marketed by TECHLAM France Company or roto-latch ® type , available from OILSTATES USA, known to those skilled in the art.
  • This embodiment comprising a multiplicity of risers maintained by a central structure comprising guide means is advantageous when it is possible to pre-manufacture the entire tower on the ground, before towing it at sea and then once on site. , cabaner for final implementation as explained below.
  • the subject of the present invention is a method for operating a petroleum field using at least one installation according to the invention in which fluids are transferred between underwater lines resting at bottom of the sea and a floating support, fluids comprising oil, preferably a plurality of said hybrid towers, in particular from 3 to 20 said turns connected to the same floating support.
  • connection elements including the type automatic connectors, comprising the lock between a male part and a complementary female part, this lock being designed to be very simply at the bottom of the sea using a ROV, robot controlled from the surface, without requiring direct manual intervention of personnel.
  • FIG. 4 shows a floating support 1 of the FPSO type anchored on a drum 1b by lines of anchors 1b, said drum being situated beyond the bow of the FPSO and connected to a bottom-surface connection of type hybrid tower 2 comprising 4 flexible pipes 4, 4a-4b and a multi-riser tower 3.
  • the said flexible pipes 4 are connected to the top of the tower 3, each flexible pipe 4 being respectively connected to each of the rigid pipes 10 of said tower multi-risers 3, as will be explained in detail further in the description of the invention below.
  • Two first flexible pipes 4a, 4a1-4a2 have on a portion 4-3 of their length floats 4-5 which give it a positive buoyancy, thus ensuring a continuity of curvature variation, directed downwards or bottom 5, until at its connection with the upper end 10a of a substantially straight rigid pipe 10 of the tower, the radius of curvature is substantially infinite, that is to say that its curvature is substantially zero.
  • the first portion 4-4 of the first flexible pipe 4a between the drum and the part 4-3 is free of floats and therefore has an apparent weight in the water and its overall curvature has a concavity directed upwards in the form of a plunging chain .
  • the first portion 4-4 and the end portion 4-3 of first flexible lines 4a are separated by an inflection point 4-6, that is to say a change in the curvature of the pipe 4a, the end portion 4 -3 with positive buoyancy having a curved shape with convexity directed towards the surface 1c.
  • the assembly of the first flexible pipe thus has an S configuration.
  • Two second flexible pipes 4b, 4b1-4b2 of smaller Each diameter is connected to a connection device of gooseneck type 4c ("gooseneck" in English), the latter being connected to the upper end of a corresponding rigid pipe 10 of the tower 3.
  • the curvature of the second flexible pipes 4b is concavity upwards in a plunging chain from its connection point 4-1 with the drum to its connection point 4-2 with the gooseneck 4c.
  • the bottom of the tower 3 is connected to a suction anchor type foundation 5a driven into the seabed 5, via a flexible hinge 6a integral with the lower end of the tendon 6 located at the Z axis 1 Z 1 of the tower 3 and taking up all the upward vertical forces created by the various buoyancy elements 11 and 21 integrated in the tower as will be explained further in the detailed description of the invention herein. after.
  • variable inertia junction part 6b is much more reliable because there is a single component and therefore no relative movement between several components as is the case for a flexible mechanical joint 6a.
  • the latter is very delicate and much more expensive to manufacture to achieve the same level of reliability.
  • Such a variable inertia junction part 6b is detailed in the patents WO 2009/138609 and WO 2009/138610 of the plaintiff.
  • said tendon 6 and said upper support structure 3a are not suspended from a submerged submerged float.
  • said tendon 6 may be located at a distance from the vertical axis of the drum (ZZ) less than the distance between said axis of the drum and the end furthest from said floating support, that is to say at the inside the avoidance zone of the ship and this without risk to the ship.
  • a multi-curvature connecting pipe 13 ensures the connection by connectors 8 and 9 between the bent lower end 10c of the pipe 10 and a pipe 12 resting at the bottom of the sea joining the wellheads, known to man art.
  • the constitution of the tower 3 proper has been illustrated in side view and partly torn off. It consists of an upper supporting structure forming an upper platform 3a to which are fixed a plurality of rigid pipes 10 extending over the entire height of said tower, each of the upper ends of said pipes comprises a connecting flange 10a extending above the carrier structure 3a so as to be connected respectively to a flange at the end 4-2 of the corresponding first flexible pipe 4a, 4a1-4a2.
  • each of the flanges 10a is shifted upwards respectively of increasing values h1 -h2-h3 compared to the platform 3a as illustrated on this figure 3 .
  • the values of h1-h2-h3 depend on the type and number of first flexible pipes and are such that the values h3-h2 and h2-h1 are between 2 m and 10 m, preferably 3 to 6 m.
  • each of the rigid pipes 10 is surrounded by tubular sleeves 11, preferably made up of semi-cylindrical half-shells 11a assembled together, so as to constitute not only an insulation of the pipe, but also a buoyancy which compensates for the self-weight of the current conduct.
  • These sleeves 11 are installed continuously from the top of the rigid pipe, at the level of the upper flange 10a to the foot of the tower 3, at the end of the pipe 10 equipped with the male part of a connector automatic 8a.
  • the bent lower portion 10c and the upper portion 10b between the upper platform 3a and the flange 10a of the rigid pipe 10 are also equipped with insulation sleeves and buoyancy, not shown, similar to the sleeves 11 described above.
  • Each of the sleeves 11 is mechanically fixed to its rigid pipe 10 rigidly, by means not shown, so that said sleeve does not slide axially on said pipe 10.
  • the buoyancy of the sleeve corresponds exactly to the weight in the water of the pipe portion 10 it covers, then every meter of pipe with its sleeve has a zero weight in water.
  • the linear buoyancy of all the sleeves 11 corresponds to 102 to 115%, preferably from 103 to 106%, of the weight of the entire pipe 10 immersed in water and filled with water.
  • the dead weight of the pipe 10 filled with water is compensated along said pipe 10 and a residual buoyancy then applies on the underside of the upper platform 3a corresponding to 2 to 15%, preferably 3 to 6% of the self weight of the pipe filled with water in the water.
  • This buoyancy is transmitted to the upper platform 3a via the pipe 10, integral with said platform 3a.
  • said pipe 10 is in a compression state in the upper part close to said upper platform 3a.
  • the pipe 10 is filled with hydrocarbon, generally of density 0.8 to 0.9
  • the force transmitted to the upper platform 3a increases by the same amount and the portion of line 10 under compressive stress also increases.
  • the compression stress in the area near said upper platform 3a also increases in the same proportions.
  • the interior of the vertical pipe 10 can be found completely filled with gas, thus empty of hydrocarbon.
  • the pipe 10 is then completely light and the upper portion of pipe 10 under compressive stress is then maximum, and the compressive stress in the area near said upper platform 3a is also maximum.
  • a portion of 15 to 40% of the length of the vertical rigid pipe 10 may end up, when it is filled with gas, under axial compression stress, which creates a significant risk of lateral buckling (lateral buckling). in English).
  • guiding modules 20 consisting of a rigid structure comprising a central element 20b integral with the central tendon 6 and a plurality of guide elements 20a guiding and maintaining the vertical pipes 10 of the turn 3 at a constant distance from the central tendon 6, and thus substantially in a straight line.
  • the guide elements 20a are distributed in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis Z 1 Z 1 of the tower 3, and are arranged all around said central tendon 6, preferably at a constant distance from said central tendon and connected to the element 20 b by arms or structural members 20c, preferably made of steel, the assembly thus constituting a diaphragm for guiding the pipes 10 insulated by the sleeves 11.
  • Said guide element 20a forms a tubular orifice, preferably having a circular cross-section, whose inner diameter is slightly greater than the outer diameter of the buoyancy sleeves 11 of the corresponding rigid pipe 10.
  • the pipe 10 isolated by the sleeves 11 is free to slide freely over the entire height below the upper platform 3a, under the effects of temperature, pressure or reduction in length due to compression (full driving - empty driving). All these variations in the length of the pipes 10 then reverberate at the low level of the tower and generate movements which are absorbed by said pipes. junction 13 with multiple curvature.
  • each of the rigid pipes 10 is suspended from the upper platform 3a, it can extend or retract individually without changing the behavior of the rigid pipes 10 neighbors.
  • These guide modules or diaphragms 20 are arranged over the entire height of the tower 3, preferably at constant intervals H, but may advantageously be arranged more closely together in the upper part so as to avoid the phenomena of buckling previously described.
  • the guide modules 20 are advantageously spaced 5 to 7.5 m over a height of 150 m from the upper platform 3a, then from 10 m over the next 300 m, and finally from 15 m on the rest of the height, to the foot of the tower.
  • the central tendon 6 is itself provided with buoyancy elements or third floats 21 over its entire height.
  • buoyancy elements or third floats 21 over its entire height.
  • FIG 3 for a better understanding of the figure, there is shown a single floating element 21 between two guiding modules 20.
  • the buoyancy of each of the elements 21 is adjusted to compensate for the self weight in the water of the tendon 6 itself, as well as the proportion of corresponding guiding module self weight.
  • the buoyancy element 21 as drawn on the figure 3 compensates for the weight in the water of the height H of the tendon 6 as well as the weight in the water of a complete guide module 20.
  • the second flexible pipes 4b are lighter than the first pipes 4a and their weight can be taken up by the upper platform 3a. It is the same gooseneck 4c and various structural elements not shown. However, buoyancy elements, not shown, can compensate for the self-weight of all second conduits 4b of said flexible conduits, their respective gooseneck devices and the self weight of said upper platform 3a, all can represent several tens of tons in total.
  • the second flexible pipes 4b will be of smaller diameter and lower weight in the water than the first pipes 4a, so as not to unnecessarily increase the additional buoyancy required at the upper platform 3a.
  • the first flexible pipes 4a heavier or larger diameter have their own buoyancy 4-5 on a part 4-3 of their length, as explained above.
  • the vertical tension exerted on the foundation 5a substantially corresponds to the resultant of the forces directed upwards at the upper platform 3a, therefore to the sum of all the vertical forces directed upwards of each of the rigid pipes 10, which they are full of water, crude oil, or gas, as previously described.
  • a mechanical joint 6a that is very delicate and expensive to manufacture has its cost considerably increased because it must be over-sized for extreme efforts that in fact will never occur, but which, on a safety level, are considered to be necessary. the maximum value of the efforts to be taken into account, apart from the usual safety factors.
  • ducts 10 Five ducts 10 are thus represented, of which three simple ducts according to the figure 3A and two pipes in piggyback, according to the figure 3C , a small pipe 10-1 being a gas injection pipe in the corresponding large pipe 10, the injection mode, known to those skilled in the art, being performed at the bottom of the tower and serves to accelerate the speed crude oil to the FPSO.
  • the Figure 4B is a perspective view of a tower 3 whose cross section corresponds to the Figure 4A illustrating three guiding modules 20 and five ducts 10 equipped with their insulating and buoyant elements or first floats 11.
  • These screens 22 are advantageously manufactured in two half-shells and have a length substantially corresponding to the distance H between said two said guide modules 20. They are then assembled directly between two modules 20 and mechanically fixed thereto.
  • these screens 22 confine the internal volume 23 between said two guiding modules 20 and said outer casing 22, thus limiting the thermal transfers with the environment 24 and reduce the thermal losses at the insulation sleeves. 11
  • the temperature t 1 inside 23 will always be greater than the temperature t 0 outside 24. This results in a differential of lower temperature between the pipes 10 and the inside 23, and therefore significantly reduced heat losses.
  • the figure 6 is a top view of an FPSO 1 anchored on the drum 1a and connected to four hybrid towers 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, by a plurality of flexible pipes 4a.
  • a fifth multi-riser 3-5 tower has been pre-installed, but will only be connected later when extending the oil field.
  • the four rigid pipes 10 are connected on the one hand to the FPSO 1 by four first flexible pipes 4a, and on the other hand, at the bottom of the tower, to four rigid pipes. 12 on the seabed.
  • the tower 3-3 On the tower 3-3, only two rigid pipes 10 are connected to the FPSO by two flexible pipes 4a and rigid pipes 12 resting on the bottom, two pipes 10 being waiting for connection to Wellheads, as well as the FPSO.
  • the tower 3-4 has only three rigid pipes 10 connected to the FPSO by 3 flexible pipes 4a and rigid pipes 12 resting on the bottom.
  • Such a fan installation makes it possible to install at least a portion of the multi-riser towers 3 in the avoidance zone of the floating support 1 in order to increase the number of hybrid type 2 surface-type links and to reduce the length flexible pipes 4.

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EP13715349.0A 2012-03-21 2013-03-19 Installation de liaisons fond-surface de type tour hybride multi-risers comprenant des conduites flexibles a flottabilite positive Active EP2844820B1 (fr)

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FR1252542A FR2988424B1 (fr) 2012-03-21 2012-03-21 Installation de liaisons fond-surface de type tour hybride multi-risers comprenant des conduites flexibles a flottabilite positive
PCT/FR2013/050589 WO2013140090A1 (fr) 2012-03-21 2013-03-19 Installation de liaisons fond-surface de type tour hybride multi-risers comprenant des conduites flexibles a flottabilite positive

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WO2013140090A1 (fr) 2013-09-26
AU2013237262A1 (en) 2014-09-18
US9115543B2 (en) 2015-08-25
MX349496B (es) 2017-08-01
AU2013237262B2 (en) 2015-08-27
FR2988424A1 (fr) 2013-09-27
FR2988424B1 (fr) 2014-04-25
AP2014007982A0 (en) 2014-10-31
BR112014023015B1 (pt) 2021-07-27
US20150047852A1 (en) 2015-02-19
EP2844820A1 (fr) 2015-03-11
MX2014011292A (es) 2015-09-25
BR112014023015A2 (pt) 2017-06-20

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