EP2843394A1 - Turbidity measuring sensor and method - Google Patents

Turbidity measuring sensor and method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2843394A1
EP2843394A1 EP13733044.5A EP13733044A EP2843394A1 EP 2843394 A1 EP2843394 A1 EP 2843394A1 EP 13733044 A EP13733044 A EP 13733044A EP 2843394 A1 EP2843394 A1 EP 2843394A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measurement
turbidity
radiation
emitter
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13733044.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lúcia Maria BOTAS BILRO
Ricardo Xavier DA GRAÇA FERREIRA
Jan JACOB KEIZER
Sérgio PRATS ALEGRE
Rogério NUNES NOGUEIRA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidade de Aveiro
Instituto de Telecomunicacoes
Original Assignee
Universidade de Aveiro
Instituto de Telecomunicacoes
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidade de Aveiro, Instituto de Telecomunicacoes filed Critical Universidade de Aveiro
Publication of EP2843394A1 publication Critical patent/EP2843394A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
    • G01N21/532—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke with measurement of scattering and transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/061—Sources
    • G01N2201/06113—Coherent sources; lasers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/062—LED's
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/066—Modifiable path; multiple paths in one sample
    • G01N2201/0668—Multiple paths; optimisable path length
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/08—Optical fibres; light guides

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to the class of portable turbidity sensors for determining concentrations and intrinsic characteristics of solids suspended in fluids, through the measurement of the transmission and scattering of radiation in two or more wavelengths.
  • the present invention describes a sensor for the measurement of the turbidity of fluids that is composed of:
  • An embodiment has the characteristic of the emitter (1) being coupled to an optical fiber.
  • An embodiment has the characteristic of the each of the two receivers (2, 3) being coupled to optical fibers.
  • An embodiment has the characteristic of comprising one or more divergent lenses at the exit of the emitter (1).
  • An embodiment has the characteristic of comprising one or more lenses at the entrance of one or both of the receivers (2, 3).
  • An embodiment has the characteristic of the pre-defined distances and angles (L1, L2, L3, A1, A2) being specified for the intended measurement ranges and precisions.
  • An embodiment has the characteristic of the distances L1, L2 and L3 being between 0.5mm and 50mm, particularly between 1 and 20mm, more particularly between 2 and 10mm.
  • An embodiment has the characteristic of the angles A1 and A2 being 180° and 90°, respectively, with a tolerance of 45°, particularly of 30°, more particularly of 15°.
  • An embodiment has the characteristic of the number of wavelengths being as many as needed for the number of variables to be determined.
  • An embodiment has the characteristic of the number of variables to be determined being one or more of the following variables: turbidity, concentration of suspended solids, particle-size class, particle-surface morphology, particle shape, and type of material.
  • the present invention describes furthermore a method for turbidity measurement that comprises the following steps:
  • An embodiment has the characteristic of comprising the prior calculation of the pre-defined distances and angles, as a function of the desired measurement ranges and precisions.
  • An embodiment has the characteristic of the number of the wavelengths used being a function of the number of variables to be determined.
  • An embodiment has the characteristic of comprising: (i) an initial step, in which the radiation received by the receivers (2, 3) in the specified wavelengths (C1, C2, C3) does not result from the emission of radiation by the emitter (1) but from the ambient radiation; (ii) a subsequent step, in which a correction to the values measured by two receivers is established on the basis of the values measured under ambient radiation conditions.
  • An embodiment has the characteristic of the number of variables to be determined being one or more of the following: turbidity, concentration of suspended solids, particle-size class, particle-surface morphology, particle shape, and type of material.
  • the present invention describes furthermore an algorithm for the execution of each step of the methods.
  • the present invention describes furthermore a computerized reading system which comprises the referred algorithm.
  • patent USP 7392813 (1 July 2008 ) describes a turbidity sensor that determines the concentration of suspended solids for application in cloth-and dish-washing machines, in order to control their water consumption.
  • patents USP 7659980 , 7142299 , 7397564 , 6842243 and 5828458 concern turbidity sensors that, while differing in the form of the containing boxes, structure, configuration details and supporting parts, quantify the concentration of suspended solids in fluids by means of optical transmission or scattering. No specific applications were presented for any of these sensors devices.
  • Article [7] presents a turbidity sensor for monitoring wine fermentation in the wine industry
  • article [8] concerns a turbidity sensor that specifically targets environmental impact assessment for the mining industry
  • article [9] employs a commercially-available sensor (OBS-3+) for studying sediment transport in coastal waters
  • article [10] presents a turbidity sensor for measuring soil erosion and, in particular, in recently burned areas.
  • the present invention aims at a general-purpose turbidity sensor, which can be adjusted to a wide scope of measurement objectives, due to the join t registration of transmitted and scattered radiation as well as to the combination of two or more wavelengths.
  • the present invention can provide valuable information not only on the concentrations of solids suspended in fluids but also on the intrinsic properties of these solids.
  • the present invention concerns a portable turbidity sensor that employs optical fibers to measure transmitted as well as scattered radiation.
  • the invention is based upon the optical principles underlying the transmission and scattering of radiation in fluids - in particular gases and liquids - and utilizes radiation emitted at two or more wavelengths and an advanced data processing system.
  • the invention aims at a portable device with multiple functionalities, which are typically implemented in distinct measurement systems ranging from spectrometers (for determining particle size) to existing turbidity sensors and time-consuming laboratory procedures (for measuring suspended solids concentrations.
  • the present invention foresees the adjustment of various intrinsic parameters to permit the measurement of a wide range of variables that are of interest to a broad field of applications related to (agro-)industrial processes, waste water treatment, drinking water supply, silting-up of dams, and surface water quality.
  • the present invention has the advantages listed underneath.
  • Figure 1 shows the configuration of the measurement unit, with dimensions in the order of centimeters.
  • the small overall size, the reduced dimensions of the composing parts and the low energy consumption combined with the transport of data by optical fiber guarantee the invention's portability and versatility, including in outdoor conditions.
  • the invention is a multi-parameter sensor that markedly improves the state-of-the-art in turbidity sensing.
  • has two optical components i.e. one receiver of transmitted radiation and one of scattered radiation, designated as (2) and (3), respectively, in Figure 1 .
  • Transmitted and scattered radiation are both measured at two or more wavelengths, so to obtain distinct information.
  • the design of the measurement cell foresees the adjustment of the distances L1, L2 and L3 in Figure 1 in order to maximize flexibility to specific measurement objectives.
  • the utilization of radiation at two or more wavelengths and the use of an advanced algorithm for data storage and analysis contribute to the invention's enhanced functionality compared to that of existing turbidity sensors, including those mentioned above.
  • the same baseline configuration will allow that the invention can be used to gather useful information not only on the concentrations of the suspended solids but also on their surface morphology, particle size and shape, and type of material.
  • the invention is based on optical fiber for sending and receiving the optical signal. It requires a mechanic support and an electronic component for the control and for signal emission and reception. The different parts make up a single device but they can substituted, repaired and maintained in separate, which has obvious economic and logistic advantages.
  • the invention analyses optical transmission and scattering in fluids with particles that are in suspension.
  • the emitter optical fiber emits a radiation beam with a constant radiance and such that the intensity distribution of the incident radiation cone depends on the square of the radius.
  • This so-called Lambertian optical source limits the maximum optical path length at which the transmitted optical power is still sufficient to be detected by the receiver.
  • the distances L1, L2 and L3 and the angles A1 and A2 can be adjusted in order to obtain the desired measurement range and precision. Too large or too small values for these parameters will lead to loss or saturation of the optical signal for a given sensor configuration.
  • the following table illustrates well the role of the distance (L1) between the emitter and the receiver of the transmitted radiation, in this particular case for a solution with suspended clay particles ( ⁇ 0.002mm).
  • the geometric parameters shown in Figure 1 will depend on the spectral range of the emitted radiation signal (IR-UV), its irradiance (microwatt to watt per square millimeter), the coherence of radiation source (LED or LASER) as well as on the density and type of fluid being evaluated (gas or liquid), the range of suspended solids concentrations (micrograms to decagrams per liter), the diameter of the suspended particles (microns to millimeters), their shape (sphere or plain) and their surface morphology (smooth or wrinkle).
  • IR-UV spectral range of the emitted radiation signal
  • LED or LASER coherence of radiation source
  • the density and type of fluid being evaluated gas or liquid
  • the range of suspended solids concentrations micrograms to decagrams per liter
  • the diameter of the suspended particles microns to millimeters
  • their shape sphere or plain
  • surface morphology smooth or wrinkle
  • the optical fibers receive the optical signal and transport it to outside of the radiation-fluid interaction zone, which allows the reduced dimensions of the measurement cell.
  • the fibers are curved at a radius that will avoid that they become creased and, thereby, influence the transmission of the optical signal.
  • the invention involves an advanced data analysis method that is based on a prior calibration. This calibration determines the measurement range and precision of the sensor readings.
  • the process of data acquisition and storage that is performed by the electronic component of the invention is shown in schematic format in Figure 4 .
  • For each of the wavelengths to be employed first an initial measurement is carried out without the emission of a radiation beam by the emitter, followed by a second measurement under radiation emission at the specific wavelength. Based on these two measurements, a wavelength-specific correction of the transmitted and scattered optical signal is carried out as an adjustment to ambient radiation conditions.
  • the output of the transmitted radiation signal varies with suspended solid concentration as an exponential decay function.
  • the exponential curves (C1), (C2) and (C3) correspond to the transmitted radiation output for distinct wavelengths.
  • the output of the scattered radiation component varies with suspended solid in a complex manner, as shown in Figure 3 .
  • the scattered-radiation output can be decomposed in four regions. From low to high suspended solid concentrations, the scattered radiation output first reveals an n exponential relation with concentration, second a linear relation, third a parabolic relation and, finally, an exponential decay function.
  • the four regions correspond to ranges of suspended solid concentrations that differ depending on the application.
  • the fitted curves depend on the characteristics of the solids in suspension, in particular their size, shape, surface morphology and type of material. Examples of such curves are given in Figures 2 and 3 for transmitted and scattered radiation, respectively.
  • a global calibration is carried out in accordance with the experimental procedure. Independent calibrations are performed for each of the above-mentioned characteristics of the suspended solids for a specific range of concentrations to establishing the relation with the optical signal. The resulting calibration curves provide adjustments within the range of operation of the sensor (i.e. between saturation and minimum detectable signal).
  • a full set of such calibration curves permits a 3-dimensional visualization of the relations between the optical signal and two of the above-mentioned characteristics of the suspended solids. This can be done for one or more of the combinations of the four characteristics (size, shape, surface morphology and type of material). If one of these characteristics is known a-priori, a single measurement will be sufficient to estimate the value of each of the other three characteristic(s).
  • the calibration procedure described above provides all the information that is required for a complete characterization of the suspended solids.
  • Each wavelength has an optical response that depends on the four key characteristics of the suspended solids but the calibration curves for each wavelength are sufficiently similar to use differences in signal intensity to describe the suspended particles in terms of their size, shape, surface morphology and type of material..
  • An embodiment encompasses an advanced portable multi-parameter turbidity sensor that comprises one or more measurement cells, one or more emitters, one or more receivers (or, photodetectors), three or more optical fibers (of which one or more are for emitting radiation with two or more monochromatic wavelengths and two or more for receiving it), and that can quantify optical transmission and scattering and, thereby, determine turbidity as well as the concentration of solids suspended in fluids, their particle-size class, surface morphology, particle shape and type of material.
  • An embodiment encompasses an advanced portable multi-parameter turbidity sensor that comprises one or more measurement cells, each one containing one emitter fiber with one or none divergent lenses, a transmitted radiation receiving fiber with a photo-detector with one or none convergent lenses, a scattered radiation receiving fiber with a photo-detector with one or none convergent lenses, in which the lenses are used to expand the radiation beam in order to increase the volume of the fluid being evaluated.
  • An embodiment encompasses an advanced portable multi-parameter turbidity sensor that is characterized by either a single measurement unit in which two or more monochromatic wavelengths are operating alternately in time, or by two or more measurement units with two or more monochromatic wavelengths operating simultaneously in the multiple units but one constant monochromatic wavelength operating in each unit.
  • An embodiment encompasses an advanced portable multi-parameter turbidity sensor that is characterized by its capacity to quantify the transmission and scattering of two or more incident monochromatic wavelengths, and to relate the transmitted and scattered radiation signal with the turbidity of fluids as well as the concentrations of solids suspended in fluids, their particle size, surface morphology, particle shape and type of material.
  • An embodiment encompasses an advanced portable multi-parameter turbidity sensor that is characterized by a data analysis system that receives, organizes, calculates, saves and displays numerical and graphical results that are consistent with the use of two or more monochromatic wavelengths for quantifying optical transmission and scattered, thereby allowing a quick comparison with a database comprising the results from prior calibrations.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
EP13733044.5A 2012-04-26 2013-04-26 Turbidity measuring sensor and method Withdrawn EP2843394A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT106279A PT106279A (pt) 2012-04-26 2012-04-26 Sensor e método para medida de turvação
PCT/IB2013/053308 WO2013160877A1 (pt) 2012-04-26 2013-04-26 Sensor e metodo para medida de turvacão

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EP2843394A1 true EP2843394A1 (en) 2015-03-04

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US (1) US20150116709A1 (pt)
EP (1) EP2843394A1 (pt)
BR (1) BR112014026752A2 (pt)
PT (1) PT106279A (pt)
WO (1) WO2013160877A1 (pt)

Cited By (1)

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WO2022263132A1 (de) * 2021-06-17 2022-12-22 Krones Ag Vorrichtung und verfahren zum inspizieren von befüllten behältnissen und deren füllgut

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CN104568845B (zh) * 2015-01-10 2017-02-22 浙江大学 水下全角度浊度测量设备与测量方法
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CN109883997B (zh) * 2019-02-01 2020-07-03 中国海洋大学 一种高精度智能浊度检测装置及其标定方法和使用方法
CN110231311B (zh) * 2019-05-28 2023-12-01 中国地质大学（武汉） 一种便携式光纤浊度检测装置
CN112804510B (zh) * 2021-01-08 2022-06-03 海南省海洋与渔业科学院 深水图像的色彩还真处理方法、装置、存储介质及相机

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PT106279A (pt) 2013-10-28
WO2013160877A1 (pt) 2013-10-31
BR112014026752A2 (pt) 2017-06-27
US20150116709A1 (en) 2015-04-30

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