EP2839717A2 - Elektrische heizvorrichtung, bauelement sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Elektrische heizvorrichtung, bauelement sowie verfahren zu deren herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2839717A2 EP2839717A2 EP13719273.8A EP13719273A EP2839717A2 EP 2839717 A2 EP2839717 A2 EP 2839717A2 EP 13719273 A EP13719273 A EP 13719273A EP 2839717 A2 EP2839717 A2 EP 2839717A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrically conductive
- conductive component
- heating
- layer
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
- H05B3/03—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49083—Heater type
Definitions
- the present invention initially relates to an electric heater.
- the present invention relates to a component with an electrical
- Heating device and a method for producing an electrical
- Heating device and / or a component Heating device and / or a component.
- polyester films are usually coated with carbon pastes by standard printing techniques, and Cu contact sheets are spaced a certain distance along the surface
- the flexible material can be purchased partly as a roll product.
- Heating foils are relatively simple to produce, but the limitation to rectangular areas and the difficulty of heating complex curved surfaces have a disadvantageous effect.
- Heating wires are normally laid meander-shaped, so that they fill the surface to be heated. This results in the possibility of any
- Heating wires serially so in a kind of series connection this means complete failure of the heating system in case of damage such as breakage of the heating wire.
- this type of current flow results in a considerable restriction of the geometries that can be realized with the heating system. The length of the current path must be kept constant over the entire heating surface of the heating system, since otherwise
- the present invention has for its object to provide an electrical
- a basic feature of the present invention is that a thermal spraying process is used to produce and place at least one electrically conductive component on the heating layer.
- Another basic feature of the present invention is in particular an electric heating system with current flow perpendicular to the layer plane and / or current flow in the direction of the layer plane, which consists of at least one heating layer and at least one, for example by arc spraying, electrically conductive component, such as a contacting layer , as well as an automatable method for its production.
- the contacting of the heating layer is effected by at least one, for example nationwide, electrically conductive component, for example a
- the heating system according to the invention can be produced on an arbitrarily shaped, complex three-dimensional, for example, curved, surface.
- the heating system according to the invention has a, compared with existing
- Temperature distribution of the heating system according to the invention is very homogeneous over the entire heating surface. Furthermore, a corresponding manufacturing method for such a heating system is specified, which is characterized in particular
- an electrical heating device comprising at least one first electrically conductive component, at least one heating layer and at least one second electrically conductive component, wherein the first electrically conductive component and / or the second electrically conductive component are produced by means of a thermal spraying method and / or are arranged on the heating layer.
- the term arranging here also includes that the conductive component (s) are applied to the heating layer, or be connected to this.
- This aspect of the invention relates in particular to the combination of thermal spraying and the heating layer.
- the thermal spraying is in particular a
- Component surface is not melted and thermally stressed only to a very limited extent.
- an electrical heating device comprising at least a first electrically conductive component, at least one heating layer and at least one second electrically conductive component, wherein the electrically conductive
- Components and the heating layer are arranged in relation to each other in such a way that a current flow perpendicular to the plane of the heating layer and / or in the direction of the plane of the heating layer is realized or realized.
- various directions of the current flow are provided. In principle, this can take place in the direction of the plane of the heating layer, ie parallel to the plane of the heating layer. Or he takes place perpendicular to this.
- the electrically conductive components for example corresponding electrodes, lie in the simplest embodiment at the edges, that is to say the edges, of the heating layer.
- the heating layer is in particular a heatable coating.
- strip-shaped electrically conductive components can be mounted anywhere within the heating layer. In the case of the vertical
- the electrically conductive components such as the electrodes, under the entire surface below and be provided above the heating layer, so that the electrically conductive components need only overcome the predetermined by the thickness of the heating layer route.
- an electric heater is provided.
- This is a device by means of which components which are in contact with the heating device can be heated.
- the heating device is designed as an electric heater.
- the heating device is operated electrically, wherein in particular due to a current flow heat is generated.
- a first and a second electrically conductive component are provided, via which this current flow is realized.
- the electrically conductive components may, for example, be metallic, for example as metal layers,
- a heating layer is provided.
- the invention is not limited to specific embodiments of the electrically conductive components and the heating layer. Some preferred but not exclusive embodiments will be described in more detail below.
- Components and the heating layer are arranged in a special way. These are according to the invention arranged in relation to each other such that a current flow perpendicular to the plane of the heating layer and / or in the direction of the plane
- Heating layer is realized or feasible. This means that a kind
- the first electrically conductive component is preferably an electrically conductive contacting layer and / or an electrically conductive, in particular
- the electric conductive component may be formed as a metal layer. If the component is designed as a contacting layer, this can, for example, on a
- Substrate element are applied, as described in particular in connection with the component according to the invention.
- the component itself may be formed as such a substrate element.
- a substrate element is, in particular, a carrier element which is suitable for carrying an electrical heating device. Basically, such is one
- Substrate element not limited to certain sizes and / or shapes.
- the second electrically conductive component may be formed as an electrically conductive contacting layer.
- such an electrically conductive contacting layer can be formed in one or more layers. It is only important that the contacting layer is electrically conductive.
- One way to selectively reduce mechanical stresses (in particular those that occur due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion during manufacture or operation) between the functional layers of the heating device and thus increase the life of the heating system is the, for example, metallic, contact layers
- the first electrically conductive component and / or the second electrically conductive component can be formed across the surface. Full coverage means, in particular, that the contact elements cover or cover at least a partial area of the heating surface.
- the first electrically conductive component and / or the second electrically conductive component may be formed in the form of an electrically conductive contacting pattern.
- the invention is not limited to specific types and types of patterns. For example, a strip-shaped pattern can be realized.
- the contacting layers can be produced as a kind of pattern, for example meander-like or formed. This will increase the flexibility of the
- the functional layers are then in particular the heating layer and the two electrically conductive contacting layers.
- the electrical current may, for example, flow parallel to the plane of the heating layer between the metal contacts.
- the metal contacts may, for example, have contact patterns in the form of a comb structure. Electricity flows here between the bridges.
- a simple variant provides two parallel contacts.
- ring-shaped contacts may be provided.
- electrically conductive components, such as contacting layers may be formed as rigid or flexible curved / curved surfaces. Also floating contacts are possible.
- the contacts are parallel. These do not have to be straight. Contacts can be placed under or over the heating layer. Any other geometric arrangement of the contacts requires a local layer thickness adjustment of the heating layer, which is quite possible in particular with modern printing methods.
- At least one first and at least second electrically conductive component may be formed as an electrode, wherein the
- Electrodes have different potential level.
- a particular embodiment of the invention relates to coatings with current flow parallel to the layer plane, that is in the direction of the layer plane.
- no full-area electrodes are applied, for example injection-molded, but electrode patterns, for example electrode strips.
- a rectangular surface can be equipped by contacting opposite edges. More complicated surfaces, for example curved in one or two directions with straight or curved edges, can be equipped with optimized electrodes.
- Electrodes can be determined by experiments and / or by simulations. As described above, further, for example ring-shaped electrodes can be inserted into this arrangement. Another possible solution can be realized by two or more electrodes in regular, for example, comb-like geometries. In each of the aforementioned cases, the current flows within the layer plane, ie parallel to it, from one electrode to the other.
- At least one first electrically conductive component and / or at least one second electrically conductive component may be designed such that different temperature ranges and / or heating zones in the heating layer can be realized or realized.
- An advantage that results from this embodiment is that the arrangement of the conductive components of the heating current flow can be influenced in such a way that different temperature ranges
- the heating layer may be at least partially formed as a carbon-based heating layer, in particular as a heating layer based on carbon nanomaterial or carbon micromaterial, for example in US Pat Form of a coating or impregnation. It is also conceivable that a kind of composition of carbon materials with carbon nanomaterials is used. Depending on the configuration, such heating layers consist in particular of a corresponding binder matrix and a carbon formulation tailored to the respective application. Due to the excellent conductivity high heat outputs can be realized with safe low voltage, in addition, a uniform heat radiation without so-called hot spots can be realized. For example, can
- the heating layer is formed as a doped with carbon material plastic, for example, as a doped with carbon nanoparticles polymer.
- first electrically conductive component, the heating layer and the second electrically conductive component may be sandwiched.
- Conductive components formed as conductive contacting layers then serve as area-wide contacting of the heating layer. The so produced
- Sandwich-shaped heating in which a current flow is ensured across the component surface, is characterized in particular by the fact that it can be generated on any surface geometry and topology, including on three-dimensional structures. This makes it possible to homogeneously heat even complex-formed components and structures.
- the first electrically conductive component, the heating layer and the second electrically conductive component can preferably be connected to one another such that a current flow perpendicular to the coating plane of the heating device, in particular the heating layer, can be realized or realized and / or the first electrically conductive component is the heating layer and the second electrically conductive
- Component are connected to each other such that the electrically conductive components are provided on the sides of the heating layer. In this case, the current flow takes place in the direction of the plane of the heating layer.
- the first electrically conductive component and / or the second electrically conductive component can be structured graded.
- the first electrically conductive component and / or the second electrically conductive component can be structured graded.
- the first electrically conductive component and / or the second electrically conductive component can preferably be applied to the heating layer by means of an application method, in particular by means of an arc spraying method
- Arc spraying is a thermal spraying process.
- thermal spraying is a thermal spraying process.
- Arc spraying also other thermal spraying used.
- first and / or second conductive component such as the first and / or second contacting layer
- the component according to the invention that is, the heating system according to the invention
- Heating devices and / or the substrate element of the device according to the invention or substrates on which the heating layer or the substrate element is based) generate.
- arc spraying in particular electrically conductive
- Spray materials continuously at a certain angle to each other fed. An arc burns between the spray materials after ignition and melts the spray material.
- the arc spraying is characterized in that two wires within the so-called spray burner by means of an arc (which can be generated in particular by applying an electric current) are melted.
- the molten particles formed in this way are accelerated by a carrier gas flow and, after the flight phase, strike the substrate surface to be coated, where the metallic layer is formed by the solidification of the particles.
- the adhesion mechanism can be based largely on a mechanical clamping, but partly also on a partial welding of the substrate surface and the layer-forming metal particles.
- the temperature of the molten particles depends in each case on the melting temperature of the material used during thermal spraying (in particular electric arc spraying) and on spraying (i.e., spray material) and on the process parameters used, and has a direct influence on the
- the process parameters are set such that a
- Heating layer of the heating devices according to the invention and / or the
- the process parameters are adjusted such that the temperature load of the substrate remains minimal, in particular that the temperature of the substrate during the thermal spraying (in particular the arc spraying) a maximum of 200 ° C (such as ⁇ 195 ° C, ⁇ 190 ° C, ⁇ 185 ° C, ⁇ 180 ° C, ⁇ 175 ° C, ⁇ 170 ° C, ⁇ 165 ° C, ⁇ 160 ° C, ⁇ 155 ° C, - ⁇ 150 ° C).
- Temperature stress of the substrate may have the strength of the electrical Stream (by means of which the arc is generated), the pressure of the carrier gas, the speed of travel (that is, the speed with which is moved during the thermal spraying of the spray gun relative to the substrate or the substrate relative to the spray gun) and the spray distance (ie the distance between the spray nozzle of the spray gun to the next point of
- a low current intensity for example 30-100 A, such as 30-95 A, 30-90 A, 30-80 A, 35-75 A, 40-70 A, 45-70 A
- an average carrier gas pressure for example, 1, 0 - 3.0 bar, such as 1, 1 - 2,9 bar, 1, 2 - 2,8 bar, 1, 3 - 2,7 bar, 1, 4 - 2,6 bar, 1, 5 to 2.5 bar
- a high speed of passage for example> 450 mm / s, such as> 460 mm / s,> 470 mm / s,> 480 mm / s,> 490 mm / s,> 500 mm / s, > 510 mm / s,> 520 mm / s,> 530 mm / s,> 540 mm / s,> 550 mm / s,> 560 mm / s,> 570
- the layer morphology and properties of the on the substrate in particular the heating layer of the heating devices according to the invention and / or the
- Nozzle geometries of the spray burner can be influenced.
- Nozzle geometries also allow the use of a so-called
- Thermal expansion coefficients occur during manufacture or during operation) between the functional layers of the heating devices according to the invention and / or the component according to the invention and thus reduce the life of the heating devices according to the invention and / or of the invention
- Arc spraying consists in the ability to combine two different spray materials and thus to produce so-called pseudo alloys.
- multi-layered layers such as the first and / or second conductive component, in particular the first and / or second contacting layer, the heating devices according to the invention and / or the component according to the invention
- the heating devices according to the invention and / or the component according to the invention can thus a smooth transition of the properties between the individual materials (such for example between the substrate element and the first conductive component and / or between the first and / or second conductive component and the heating layer).
- the first layer is a layer of zinc. This has the function to reduce occurring mechanical stresses.
- the second layer consists of a so-called pseudo alloy of zinc and copper. This is generated (that is, manufactured and / or arranged) by the fact that during thermal spraying various spray materials (for example, a wire made of a metal or an alloy and another wire of another metal or alloy). For example, a zinc wire and copper wire may be used simultaneously to produce a pseudo alloy layer of zinc and copper.
- various spray materials for example, a wire made of a metal or an alloy and another wire of another metal or alloy.
- a zinc wire and copper wire may be used simultaneously to produce a pseudo alloy layer of zinc and copper.
- Multilayer system a copper layer is generated. As a result, a good electrical contact can be ensured. It is of course also possible to build in this way multilayer systems consisting of three or more spray materials (for example, a multi-layer system of one layer Zn, Sn and Cu).
- all conductive materials in particular those which may be present in wire form, such as corresponding metals (for example copper, zinc, tin, aluminum, silver) are suitable as spray materials which can be used in the thermal spraying process (in particular the arc spraying process) ) or corresponding alloys (for example brass).
- corresponding metals for example copper, zinc, tin, aluminum, silver
- corresponding alloys for example brass
- Materials that have high electrical conductivity such as copper, brass, aluminum or silver.
- the layer thicknesses of the layers produced by thermal spraying ie, produced and / or arranged (such as, for example, the first and / or second conductive component, in particular the first and / or second
- Contacting layer, the heating devices according to the invention and / or the component according to the invention) are in the range of 0.05 - 0.5 mm. Depending on
- Component according to the invention (that is, the heating system according to the invention) can be influenced thereby also the flexibility of the overall system.
- Suitable substrates for thermal spraying are both electrically conductive and electrically insulating materials.
- Electrically conductive materials can be, for example, steel, aluminum or copper.
- thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers or ceramic materials can be used.
- thermoplastic polymers such as polypropylene (PP), expanded polypropylene (EPP), polystyrene (PS), expanded polystyrene (EPS)
- PP polypropylene
- EPP expanded polypropylene
- PS polystyrene
- EPS expanded polystyrene
- This particle temperature is advantageously always less than or equal to
- the procedure for coating such temperature-sensitive substrates consists in the production of a first metallic layer of a spray material having a melting temperature, the maximum of 300 ° C (for example, a maximum of 290 ° C, a maximum of 280 ° C, a maximum of 270 ° C, a maximum of 260 ° C. , maximum 250 ° C, maximum 240 ° C, maximum 230 ° C, maximum 220 ° C, maximum 210 ° C, maximum 200 ° C) above the temperature load of the substrate (eg zinc, melting temperature: 419.5 ° C).
- This first layer serves to protect the substrate material from a further influence of temperature.
- a layer of any desired metallic spray material for example copper;
- Multilayer systems as described above, build.
- the construction of the heating device according to the invention in particular with superimposed functional layers in the form of contacting layers and a heating layer different variants are possible, for example, a flexible film-based heating system, a direct structure of the heating system on non-electrically conductive structures with complex
- Three-dimensional geometries, or a direct structure of the heating system on electrically conductive structures with complex three-dimensional geometries are possible.
- the present invention relates to the combination of thermally sprayed contacts and a heatable coating.
- An embodiment of the invention relates to the flow of current perpendicular to the layer plane.
- a component comprising at least one electrical according to the invention as described above
- Heating device so that reference is made in this respect to the above statements to the heater and incorporated by reference. Furthermore, a substrate element is provided, on which the heating device is arranged.
- the substrate element may be formed as a three-dimensional structure.
- three-dimensional structures even complicatedly constructed three-dimensional structures, can be heated.
- the structure of the heating device according to the invention can be carried out on a substrate element in the form of a film-like carrier material.
- the advantage of this design is that in this way a flexible heating system can be generated, which can be adapted to the particular application individually.
- substrate films in this variant especially polymer films into consideration.
- a metallic foil as a carrier material.
- the structure of a first contacting layer is eliminated, since the electrically conductive substrate itself can act as a full-area contact.
- this embodiment of the heating device according to the invention consists of
- the heating system can be produced on the one hand in any arbitrarily shaped surface
- the heating system according to the invention in this embodiment can also be produced as a roll, which can be brought into the desired shape by cutting. Due to the flexibility of the heating system thus two-dimensionally curved structures can be heated.
- the heating device according to the invention is constructed directly on a solid, nonconductive support structure, for example a plastic component.
- a solid, nonconductive support structure for example a plastic component.
- the first electrically conductive component of the heating device may be formed as a substrate element of the component.
- Embodiment results, for example, by the use of electrically conductive structures or components as a carrier for the invention
- Producing an electrical heating device and / or for producing a component which is characterized by the following steps:
- a) a first electrically conductive component is manufactured or provided; b) a heating layer is arranged on the first electrically conductive component;
- the heating layer is disposed on the second electrically conductive component; e) the first electrically conductive component and / or the second electrically conductive component are produced by means of a thermal spraying process and / or arranged on the heating layer, and / or the electrically conductive components and the heating layer are arranged in relation to each other such that a current flow perpendicular to the plane of the heating layer and / or towards the plane of the
- Heating layer is realized or is feasible.
- this condition
- Heating device and / or for producing a component which is characterized by the following steps: a) providing or providing a first electrically conductive component; b) disposing a heating layer on the first electrically conductive component; c) preparing or providing a second electrically conductive component; d) arranging the second electrically conductive component at the heating layer, wherein the first electrically conductive component and / or the second electrically conductive component are produced and / or arranged on the heating layer by means of a thermal spraying method, and / or the electrically conductive components and the heating layer are arranged in relation to one another such that a current flow perpendicular to the plane of the heating layer and / or in the direction of the plane of the heating layer is realized or can be realized.
- the method is preferably designed for producing an electric heater according to the invention as described above and / or for producing a component according to the invention as described above, so that reference is made in full and to the relevant statements above.
- the first electrically conductive component can be applied to a substrate element, in particular by means of a coating method, preferably by means of a thermal spraying method, such as an arc spraying method, in particular an arc spraying method, as described above for the
- a contacting layer for example a metal layer
- the substrate element itself, to which the heating device is applied as electrically conductive
- the heating layer here a layer which can be heated by electric current, may be applied to the first electrically conductive layer by means of an application method
- Component are applied, in particular by means of a spraying method, a roll method or a doctor blade method.
- the second electrically conductive component is applied to the heating layer by means of an application method, in particular by means of a thermal spraying method, such as an arc spraying method, in particular an arc spraying method, as described above for the Heating devices of the first and second aspects according to the invention has been described.
- Contacting can be applied at room temperature. Many other electrical contacts are not suitable for high temperatures (e.g., 500 ° C) because they are glued on, for example, and the adhesive used is not
- Room temperature are applied.
- the method is of particular interest for high temperature applications where contacts can no longer be adhered or burn-in of conductive pastes at 600-900 ° C is not feasible.
- it is possible to apply high temperature contacts at room temperature, which is a considerable advantage. Good adhesion exists throughout the temperature range.
- an inventive invention as described above
- the electric heater according to the present invention and / or the component according to the present invention and / or the manufacturing method according to the present invention can be used in many fields of application. Examples include the following applications:
- Figure 2 shows a homogeneous heating of any shape through the
- FIG. 3 shows a flexible foil-based heating device
- Figure 4 shows a heater for non-electrically conductive
- FIG. 5 shows a heating device for electrically conductive substrate elements with complex geometries
- FIG. 6 shows various patterns of electrically conductive
- Figure 7 shows an embodiment of the two-sided contacting a
- Figure 8 shows the targeted stress relief by multilayer systems
- Substrate element 11 has. Furthermore, the component has an electrical heating device 20.
- the electrical heating device 20 has a first conductive component 21 in the form of a contacting layer, a heating layer 22, and a second conductive component 23 in the form of a contacting layer.
- the heating device 20 according to the invention is over a series of
- this metallic contacting layer is the method of so-called arc spraying, which belongs to the group of thermal
- Component 23 for example, a metallic contacting layer 23, applied to the heating layer 22.
- the method steps are shown in FIG.
- the contact layers produced serve as blanket contacting of the heating layer 22.
- the sandwich-type heating produced in this way in which a current flow is ensured transversely to the component surface, is characterized by the fact that it can be applied to any surface geometry and topology, including three-dimensional
- Exemplary Embodiment 1 Flexible, Film-based Heating System
- Heating device on a film-like substrate element 11 as a carrier material.
- the advantage of this design is that in this way a flexible heating system can be generated, which can be adapted to the particular application individually.
- substrate films in this variant especially polymer films into consideration.
- a metallic foil as a carrier material. In this case, the first one does not apply
- Process step ie the structure of the first electrically conductive component, since the electrically conductive substrate itself can act as a full-surface contact. On the substrate element 11 are then successively the first conductive
- the advantage over conventional heating foils is that the component 10 can be produced as a heating system on the one hand in any arbitrarily shaped surface; On the other hand, the heating system according to the invention can also be produced in this embodiment as a roll, which by
- Exemplary Embodiment 2 Direct Construction of the Heating System on Non-electrically Conductive Structures with Complex Three-Dimensional Geometries
- the heating device 20 is mounted directly on a solid, nonconductive support structure which supports the
- Substrate element 11 is, for example, a plastic component constructed.
- the structure is analogous to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, ie a total of 3 layers are produced on the substrate element 11 as a carrier structure.
- the component 10 which may be a heating system
- the component 10 can be produced directly on complex three-dimensionally shaped structures or components. This allows a very high adaptability to a variety of applications and represents a significant advantage over all heating systems available on the market.
- Embodiment 3 Direct construction of the heating system on electrically conductive structures with complex three-dimensional geometries
- a further exemplary embodiment, which is shown in FIG. 5, results from the use of electrically conductive structures or components as the substrate element 11 for the heating device 20 according to the invention.
- the substrate element 1 itself as an electrically conductive component 21
- Electricity input or contacting in the heating layer 22 to use This significantly reduces the production costs, since only one electrically conductive component 23 has to be produced.
- the direct contact of the heater in the embodiments according to Figures 4 and 5 with the component to be heated allows optimal
- the electrically conductive components for example the metallic contacting layers
- the electrically conductive components can be produced as a kind of pattern, for example meandering.
- FIG. As a result, the flexibility of the heating device according to the invention is increased. Furthermore you can Any differences in the thermal expansion coefficients are compensated by this contacting and resulting mechanical stresses between the functional layers can be reduced or avoided. Another advantage that results from this design is that through the
- Arrangement of the contact surfaces of the heating current flow can be influenced such that different temperature ranges or heating zones can be realized in the area to be heated.
- the properties, for example pore size, number of pores, of the resulting metallic layer are set in such a way that mechanical stresses can be compensated by a specific selection of the process parameters during thermal spraying of the contact layers.
- Another way to selectively reduce mechanical stresses between the functional layers and thus increase the life of the heating system is to build up the metallic contact layers as a multilayer system of different materials.
- FIGS. 9 to 12 show electrical heating devices with different contact geometries.
- the current always flows parallel to the plane of the heating surface 22 between the electrically conductive components 21, 23 in the form of metal contacts, to which a potential difference P1-P2 is applied.
- FIG. 9 shows a comb structure.
- the electricity flows between the bars.
- Such an embodiment is suitable for example for large areas, floor, wall, mold, machine / tool.
- the heating layer also over the web ends out to the
- corresponding conductive component which is for example a counter electrode
- electrically conductive components which are for example electrodes
- FIG. 10 shows a simple variant with two parallel contacts. Such a design is suitable for small to medium-sized areas, automotive, aerospace, mold, machine / tool.
- Figure 11 shows a variant with ring-shaped contacts.
- the current flows between the two ring electrodes.
- This embodiment is suitable for example for vessels, machine / tool. However, there does not have to be a ring. It can also be used a full circle.
- FIG. 12 shows a variant with rigid or flexible curved / arched surfaces, such as metal sheets, foils, textiles and the like.
- This embodiment is suitable, for example, for applications which are described in connection with FIGS. 9 to 13. If one thinks of this embodiment further, one can imagine, for example, also at both ends or longitudinally contacted tube, such as by rolling.
- FIG. 13 shows a variant with "floating" contacts for potential distribution in more complicated areas. Such a configuration is for example for floors in vehicles, such as rail vehicles, shipping, and the like, can be used. In the embodiment shown in Figure 13 may be connected to the
- contacts inside tubes, vessels, hoses of any size can also be realized.
- a requirement for a uniform thickness of the heating layer is that the contacts are parallel. These do not have to be straight. Contacts can be placed under or over the heating layer. Any other geometric arrangement of the contacts requires a local layer thickness adjustment of the heating layer, which is quite possible with modern printing methods.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102012007945 | 2012-04-20 | ||
PCT/EP2013/001172 WO2013156162A2 (de) | 2012-04-20 | 2013-04-19 | Elektrische heizvorrichtung, bauelement sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung |
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EP2839717A2 true EP2839717A2 (de) | 2015-02-25 |
EP2839717B1 EP2839717B1 (de) | 2021-01-06 |
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EP13719273.8A Active EP2839717B1 (de) | 2012-04-20 | 2013-04-19 | Elektrische heizvorrichtung, bauelement sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung |
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US (1) | US10231287B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2839717B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6185983B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN104584681B (de) |
HK (1) | HK1207239A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2013156162A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (13)
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US9597747B2 (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2017-03-21 | Afl Telecommunications Llc | Methods for applying aluminum coating layer to a core of copper wire |
US10440829B2 (en) | 2014-07-03 | 2019-10-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Heating circuit assembly and method of manufacture |
DE102015214628A1 (de) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-02 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Heizeinrichtung für ein Haushaltsgerät |
DK3165761T3 (da) * | 2015-11-03 | 2019-08-26 | Nordex Energy Gmbh | Vindenergianlæg-rotorblad med en elektrisk varmeindretning |
CN105578629B (zh) * | 2016-02-29 | 2019-03-26 | 比赫电气(太仓)有限公司 | 一种金属柔性发热膜及其制备方法 |
PL3443810T3 (pl) * | 2016-04-15 | 2022-08-16 | Levidian Nanosystems Limited | Elementy grzejne, wymienniki ciepła oraz układy elementów grzejnych |
US10392810B1 (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2019-08-27 | James Demirkan | Universal lightweight and portable deicing mat |
DE102016214489A1 (de) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-08 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Metallische Folie mit aufgebrachtem flächigem elektrischem Leiter und unter Verwendung der Folie hergestellter Wabenkörper |
US10264627B2 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2019-04-16 | Goodrich Corporation | Adjusting CNT resistance using perforated CNT sheets |
DE102016125742A1 (de) | 2016-12-27 | 2018-06-28 | Christian Furtmayr | Heizsystem, Kit zum Herstellen eines Heizsystems und Verfahren zur deren Verwendung |
DE202016107401U1 (de) | 2016-12-27 | 2017-02-01 | Christian Furtmayr | Heizsystem und Kit zum Herstellen eines Heizsystems |
DE102018203430A1 (de) | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-12 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Flächenelektrobauteil und verfahren zur herstellung |
FR3104485A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-06-18 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | procédé de fabrication additive d’un élément chauffant |
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US3109228A (en) | 1959-08-10 | 1963-11-05 | Thermway Ind Inc | Manufacture of electric radiant heating panels |
JPH0746628B2 (ja) | 1986-02-12 | 1995-05-17 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 正抵抗温度係数発熱体 |
JPH0785957A (ja) | 1993-09-14 | 1995-03-31 | Sharp Corp | セラミックヒータ |
WO1998051127A1 (en) | 1997-05-06 | 1998-11-12 | Thermoceramix, L.L.C. | Deposited resistive coatings |
GB2344042A (en) | 1998-09-29 | 2000-05-24 | Jeffery Boardman | Method of producing resistive heating elements on an uninsulated conductive substrate |
GB2359234A (en) * | 1999-12-10 | 2001-08-15 | Jeffery Boardman | Resistive heating elements composed of binary metal oxides, the metals having different valencies |
AU2000249343A1 (en) * | 2000-05-17 | 2001-11-26 | Bdsb Holdings Limited | A method of producing electrically resistive heating elements and elements so produced |
US7132628B2 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2006-11-07 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company | Variable watt density layered heater |
KR100749886B1 (ko) | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-21 | (주) 나노텍 | 탄소나노튜브를 이용한 발열체 |
US7800021B2 (en) * | 2007-06-30 | 2010-09-21 | Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. | Spray deposited heater element |
CN101636007B (zh) * | 2008-07-25 | 2012-11-21 | 清华大学 | 面热源 |
CN101400192B (zh) * | 2007-09-29 | 2011-05-18 | 石伟 | 一种防潮取暖电热板及其制备方法 |
JP5222588B2 (ja) | 2008-03-07 | 2013-06-26 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | プラズマ処理装置の製造方法 |
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DE102011119844A1 (de) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-12-13 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Verbundstruktur mit Eisschutzvorrichtung sowie Herstellverfahren |
-
2013
- 2013-04-19 JP JP2015506123A patent/JP6185983B2/ja active Active
- 2013-04-19 CN CN201380033003.9A patent/CN104584681B/zh active Active
- 2013-04-19 EP EP13719273.8A patent/EP2839717B1/de active Active
- 2013-04-19 WO PCT/EP2013/001172 patent/WO2013156162A2/de active Application Filing
- 2013-04-19 US US14/395,423 patent/US10231287B2/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-08-11 HK HK15107771.3A patent/HK1207239A1/xx unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2013156162A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2839717B1 (de) | 2021-01-06 |
US10231287B2 (en) | 2019-03-12 |
US20150189699A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
WO2013156162A3 (de) | 2013-12-05 |
JP2015515104A (ja) | 2015-05-21 |
WO2013156162A2 (de) | 2013-10-24 |
CN104584681B (zh) | 2018-09-25 |
JP6185983B2 (ja) | 2017-08-23 |
HK1207239A1 (en) | 2016-01-22 |
CN104584681A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
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