EP2837829B1 - Régulation de champ caractéristique de pompes centrifuges - Google Patents
Régulation de champ caractéristique de pompes centrifuges Download PDFInfo
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- EP2837829B1 EP2837829B1 EP13180356.1A EP13180356A EP2837829B1 EP 2837829 B1 EP2837829 B1 EP 2837829B1 EP 13180356 A EP13180356 A EP 13180356A EP 2837829 B1 EP2837829 B1 EP 2837829B1
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- pump
- pressure
- flow rate
- liquid
- rotational speed
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/0066—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems by changing the speed, e.g. of the driving engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/0027—Varying behaviour or the very pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D1/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for regulating a pump, in particular a centrifugal pump, while pumping a liquid and a corresponding device.
- Centrifugal pumps have a strong dependency of the delivery rate on the applied pressure difference and the speed. More specifically, a difference between the pump outlet side liquid pressure and the pump inlet side liquid pressure determines the flow rate (mass flow or volume flow).
- Each pump has a characteristic pump map that defines a relationship between the three parameters (difference between the pump-side liquid pressure and the pump-side liquid pressure, flow rate, speed). In this way, if the two parameters are known, the third can be determined from the characteristic diagram.
- the map can be in the form of empirical, semi-empirical or theoretical model equations. In empirical model equations, empirically recorded values can be linked to compensation functions. These empirical compensation functions can also be recorded in a table. In the case of semi-empirical model equations, both empirically determined values and physical equations are used, which e.g. Describe relationships between physical parameters. In the case of theoretical model equations, the relationships between the parameters are completely described by physical equations.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of such a map.
- the delivery head H as a function of the speed n is plotted here via the volume flow Q.
- the volume flow is limited by a minimum and maximum value of the map.
- the lower limit of the volume flow does not have to be constant as in the drawing, but can depend on the speed.
- Fig. 2 shows a reduction in the delivery head from H 1 to H 2 at constant speed n.
- the flow from Q 1 to Q 2 increases significantly due to the map behavior. Such changes can cause problems in process operation that can lead to malfunctions, downtimes and defects.
- changes in the flow are desired regardless of the current delivery head. This function is also affected by the influence of the map. If, for example, the flow is to be increased and the speed is increased, the increased delivery rate can result in an increase in pressure in many processes on the high-pressure side, which partly compensate for the increase in flow due to the influence of the map.
- the map also shows that there are machine-specific restrictions for pump operation (such as a minimum volume flow), which must be observed to ensure that the machine functions permanently.
- a pump (P) is regulated in such a way that desired fresh steam parameters can be set reliably at the outlet of a heat exchanger (V) connected downstream of the pump.
- V heat exchanger
- the speed of the pump is influenced by the control in such a way that the evaporation condition changes as a result of the change in flow rate in such a way that the desired pressures and temperatures of the live steam are reached and are controlled stably for stable process operation.
- the delivery head of the pump depends on the live steam pressure (p FD ) and on the pressure level upstream of the pump (p KOND ).
- This pressure depends on the current condensation pressure of the condenser (K) upstream of the pump.
- This condenser cools and liquefies the working medium in the ORC process by giving off heat to a cooling medium.
- This cooling medium e.g. water from a heating network or ambient air
- a cascade control in accordance with Fig. 4 , In it, an internal control loop regulates the flow based on a comparison of the current actual value and the setpoint of the mass or Volume flow, while an external control loop specifies the flow setpoint for the control to the actual control variable of the pump (e.g. process pressure) to the inner loop. This allows flow deviations to be compensated for and at the same time regulated to a desired process value.
- an internal control loop regulates the flow based on a comparison of the current actual value and the setpoint of the mass or Volume flow
- an external control loop specifies the flow setpoint for the control to the actual control variable of the pump (e.g. process pressure) to the inner loop. This allows flow deviations to be compensated for and at the same time regulated to a desired process value.
- the (inner) sub-process I can be the pumping process. This contains all the components that convert the signal of the mass flow control (m control) into the delivery of a medium. This can include control / speed control of the pump, the pump motor and the pump itself.
- the outer subprocess II can, for example, be an evaporation process and the process value s can be the media pressure p after the evaporation. The evaporation process can thus contain all the necessary components, such as one or more heat exchangers, containers, fittings, etc.
- EP-A-1286056 discloses a method of controlling a pump in response to a signal indicating the presence and extent of cavitation.
- a controller receives suction and discharge pressure signals from sensors upstream and downstream of the pump.
- the object of the invention is to at least partially overcome the disadvantages described above.
- the method according to the invention for regulating a pump, in particular a centrifugal pump, while pumping a liquid comprises the steps: establishing a setpoint of a flow rate of the pump; Measure an inlet pressure of the liquid upstream of the pump and an outlet pressure the liquid downstream of the pump; Determining a setpoint of a speed of the pump or a control signal determining the speed from a map of the pump, the setpoint of the flow rate and a difference between the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure being input to the map as input values; and setting the speed of the pump to the setpoint value of the speed or supplying the control signal determining the speed to the pump.
- control can react when a pressure fluctuation occurs before the effects of a flow fluctuation occur (predictive control behavior), which improves the control quality.
- the map of the pump can be used in the usual form, so there is a relationship between the flow rate and the differential pressure or the delivery head at different but constant speed.
- the map can alternatively or additionally be used in "inverted” form (hereinafter also referred to as inverted map), in which case there is a relationship between the differential pressure or delivery head and the speed at different but constant flow rates.
- the map is used in such a way that a change in the flow rate caused by a change in differential pressure is counteracted by a change in speed in order to keep the flow rate as constant as possible, which is done by finding a corresponding operating point of the pump in its map or inverted map.
- the setpoint of the flow rate can in turn be determined by the control system, for example based on a specified output pressure of the pump or based on another suitable process value.
- the setpoint of the flow rate can be set by a user. In both cases, this can be done either by directly specifying the flow rate or indirectly by means of a Specification of the speed, from which the flow rate to be kept constant can then be determined.
- the steps of measuring the inlet pressure of the liquid and the outlet pressure of the liquid, determining the set point of the speed of the pump, and adjusting the speed of the pump are performed continuously.
- the determination of the setpoint value of the flow rate can comprise the following steps: determining an average over time of the difference between the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure; and determining the desired value of the flow rate from the characteristic diagram of the pump, the mean value over time of the difference between the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure and a current speed of the pump being input into the characteristic diagram.
- a setpoint of the flow rate that is to be maintained as possible can be determined while the pump is in operation.
- the setpoint of the flow rate can also be set continuously.
- Another development consists in that the temporal average of the difference between the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure can be determined from a first temporal mean of the inlet pressure and a second temporal mean of the outlet pressure. It is therefore possible to use different time constants for averaging the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure if necessary.
- the determination of the setpoint value of the speed of the pump can comprise the following further steps: checking whether a combination of the speed of the pump, the setpoint value of the flow rate and the difference between the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure lies within a map limit; Setting the speed of the pump to the setpoint value of the speed if the combination lies within the map; and setting the speed of the pump to a safety value if the combination lies outside the characteristic diagram, the safety value preferably being selected such that the deviation from the desired value of the flow rate is as small as possible.
- the setting of the speed of the pump to the setpoint value of the speed can include the output of a correction signal to an actuating signal supplied to the pump.
- a correction signal can be applied to the control signal.
- a minimum control signal can be output as a correction signal in order to prevent an operating state from being set outside the characteristic diagram.
- the map defines a relationship between the flow rate and a delivery head of the pump at different speeds, and the delivery head is determined from the pressure difference between the measured outlet pressure and the measured inlet pressure.
- the density of the liquid can be used as a constant predetermined value, or the method can comprise the further step of measuring the temperature of the liquid and the density of the liquid can be obtained from a functional dependence of the density on the temperature or from a table can be determined, the measurement of the temperature in particular comprising an averaging of the temperature over a predetermined time interval.
- the flow rate can be defined as a volume flow or as a mass flow of the liquid through the pump.
- the device according to the invention for regulating a pump, in particular a centrifugal pump, during the pumping of a liquid comprises: a first one Pressure measuring device for measuring an inlet pressure of the liquid upstream of the pump; a second pressure measuring device for measuring an outlet pressure of the liquid downstream of the pump; and control means for setting a target value of a flow rate of the pump; for determining a setpoint value of a speed of rotation of the pump from a map of the pump stored in a memory, the setpoint value of the flow rate and a difference between the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure being entered as input values into the map; and to set the speed of the pump to the setpoint of the speed.
- the advantages correspond to those mentioned in connection with the method according to the invention.
- the device according to the invention can be designed such that it can be used to carry out the method according to the invention or one of its developments.
- control device can also be suitable for determining an average over time of the difference between the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure; and for determining the setpoint value of the flow rate from the characteristic diagram of the pump, the mean time value of the difference between the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure and a current speed of the pump being entered as input values in the characteristic diagram.
- control device can be designed to output an actuating signal to the pump, and setting the speed of the pump to the setpoint value of the rotational speed can include outputting a correction signal to the actuating signal supplied to the pump.
- the device can further comprise: a temperature measuring device for measuring a temperature of the liquid and for transmitting a temperature measurement signal to the control device; wherein the control device can also be designed to determine a density of the liquid from the temperature measurement signal and to determine the density of the liquid from a functional dependence of the density on the temperature or from a table stored in the memory.
- the device according to the invention or one of the developments can be part of an ORC system (Organic Rankine Cycle) with a pump for pumping a working medium of the ORC system.
- ORC system Organic Rankine Cycle
- Fig. 5 illustrates the inventive method according to one embodiment. Knowing the map of a machine allows its limitation with regard to the parameters of a process (difference between the pump outlet-side fluid pressure and the pump inlet-side fluid pressure, flow rate, speed) and their interdependency in the control system (map control). A control algorithm monitors the current delivery head (or the differential pressure) and the speed and uses this to calculate the current flow rate. For this purpose, the map is stored numerically in the algorithm.
- the current density can either be determined exactly by means of an additional measurement of the temperature of the medium, or can be assumed to be constant by approximation in the operating range used.
- the latter simplification is at many media in the liquid phase and limited operating range (pressure and / or temperature range) in a sufficiently good approximation for the control is permissible.
- a setpoint of a flow rate of the pump is determined as the currently calculated flow rate; measuring an inlet pressure of the liquid upstream of the pump and an outlet pressure of the liquid downstream of the pump; determining a setpoint value of a speed of rotation of the pump from the map of the pump, the setpoint value of the flow rate and the difference between the outlet pressure and the inlet pressure being input into the map; and finally the speed of the pump is set to the setpoint of the speed.
- the limitation of the map (e.g. minimum flow) is also taken into account in the algorithm. This ensures both a uniform process operation and compliance with the operating limits of the pump.
- Fig. 6 shows the functioning of the compensation influence of the map control, namely the correction of the speed in the event of a change in differential pressure, in order to correct the flow rate in this way.
- the mode of operation of the method according to this embodiment of the map control according to the invention is shown in the map of the pump. If the pressure difference or the corresponding delivery head falls from that in point 1 to that in point 2 at constant speed n 1 , the flow rate Q increases. By reducing the speed to n 2 , the original flow rate can now be changed at the new pressure difference or delivery head be restored in point 3.
- the measured values p FD and p KOND flow into the control according to the invention (see Fig. 7 ).
- the measurement signal is first averaged (moving average) in a suitable averaging interval.
- the mean value of the live steam pressure p FD_M is used with the live steam setpoint for control deviation as the input signal of a controller (for example a PID controller).
- the output signal and the difference between the mean values flow into the map KF 1 as input values.
- the currently expected mass flow is calculated here. This value, as well as the difference between the averaged current measured values, flow into the inverted map KF -1 .
- This provides the currently required control signal from the pump.
- the difference between this value and the current control signal of the controller is the deviation to be compensated for. Adding this deviation to the control signal results in the compensation of the disturbance.
- the influence of this activation can be adapted to the process by means of the gain K.
- the map KF 1 also delivers the currently required minimum control signal s min to the controller. This can prevent the controller from falling below this map limit.
- the predictive operating principle of this regulation offers a significant advantage of this procedure.
- the flow fluctuation is compensated for as soon as pressure fluctuations occur (the cause of mass flow changes and the resulting malfunctions) before a downstream measuring system or the downstream process can detect the deviation or feel its effects.
- the map control also implicitly implements the function of a feedforward control.
- Fig. 8 shows an example from a measurement on an ORC system the course of differential pressure (p FD -p KOND ) (upper curve in Fig. 8 ) and mass flow (lower curve in Fig. 8 ) over a period of approx. 15 minutes. You can see how pressure fluctuations show their influence on the flow. When the differential pressure drops, a higher flow is immediately measurable, and vice versa.
- This stabilization can be implemented by the map control.
- the consequences of stabilization on design and process can mean higher process quality and availability, but also higher security against violations of process limit values. For example, with lower expected oscillations of temperatures, the safety limits are reduced depending on the now lower peak values or the process can be operated at higher temperatures (closer to the safety limits) without reductions in availability.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Claims (13)
- Procédé de régulation d'une pompe, en particulier d'une pompe centrifuge, durant le pompage d'un fluide, comprenant les étapes suivantes :détermination d'une valeur cible du débit de la pompe ;mesure d'une pression d'entrée du fluide en amont de la pompe et d'une pression de sortie du fluide en aval de la pompe ;établissement d'une valeur cible d'une fréquence de rotation de la pompe à partir d'un champ caractéristique de la pompe, dans lequel la valeur cible déterminée du débit et une différence entre la pression de sortie et la pression d'entrée sont entrées comme valeurs d'entrée dans le champ caractéristique ; etréglage de la fréquence de rotation de la pompe sur la valeur cible de la fréquence de rotation,dans lequel la détermination de la valeur cible du débit comprend les étapes suivantes :établissement d'une valeur moyenne temporelle de la différence entre la pression de sortie et la pression d'entrée ; etdétermination de la valeur cible du débit à partir du champ caractéristique de la pompe, dans lequel la valeur moyenne temporelle de la différence entre la pression de sortie et la pression d'entrée ainsi qu'une fréquence de rotation actuelle de la pompe sont entrées comme valeurs d'entrée dans le champ caractéristique.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la valeur moyenne temporelle de la différence entre la pression de sortie et de la pression d'entrée est déterminée à partir d'une première valeur moyenne temporelle de la pression d'entrée et d'une deuxième valeur moyenne temporelle de la pression de sortie.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel l'établissement de la valeur cible de la fréquence de rotation de la pompe comprend les étapes additionnelles suivantes :vérification du fait qu'une combinaison de la fréquence de rotation de la pompe, de la valeur cible déterminée du débit et de la différence entre la pression de sortie et la pression d'entrée est comprise dans une délimitation de champ caractéristique ;réglage de la fréquence de rotation de la pompe sur la valeur cible de la fréquence de rotation, quand la combinaison est comprise dans le champ caractéristique ; etréglage de la fréquence de rotation de la pompe sur une valeur de sécurité, quand la combinaison se trouve en dehors du champ caractéristique, dans lequel la valeur de sécurité est préférablement choisie de telle sorte que l'écart du débit par rapport à la valeur cible est le plus faible.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel le réglage de la fréquence de rotation de la pompe sur la valeur cible de la fréquence de rotation comprend l'envoi d'un signal de correction sur un signal de régulation fourni à la pompe, et dans lequel, conformément à la revendication 4, un signal de commande minimal est en particulier émis comme signal de correction.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le champ caractéristique définit à différentes fréquences de rotation une relation entre le débit et une hauteur de refoulement de la pompe, et la hauteur de refoulement est déterminée par la différence de pression entre la pression de sortie mesurée et la pression d'entrée mesurée, dans lequel la hauteur de refoulement H est déterminée en particulier par l'expression H=(p2-p1)/ρ·g), dans laquelle p1 désigne la pression d'entrée mesurée, p2 la pression de sortie mesurée, ρ la densité du fluide, et g l'accélération gravitationnelle normale.
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel la densité du fluide est utilisée comme une valeur prédéterminée constante, ou dans lequel le procédé comprend l'étape additionnelle de mesure de la température du fluide, et la densité du fluide est déterminée soit à partir d'une dépendance fonctionnelle de la densité vis-à-vis de la température, soit à partir d'une table, dans lequel la mesure de la température peut comprendre en particulier le calcul de la moyenne de la température sur un intervalle temporel prédéterminé.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel la mesure de la pression d'entrée et de la pression de sortie du fluide est effectuée en continu.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel le débit est défini soit comme un débit volumique, soit comme un débit massique du fluide à travers la pompe.
- Dispositif de régulation d'une pompe, en particulier d'une pompe centrifuge, durant le pompage d'un fluide, dans lequel le dispositif comprend :un premier dispositif de mesure de pression pour mesurer une pression d'entrée du fluide en amont de la pompe ;un deuxième dispositif de mesure de pression pour mesurer une pression de sortie du fluide en aval de la pompe ; etun dispositif de régulation pour déterminer une valeur cible du débit de la pompe ; pour établir une valeur cible d'une fréquence de rotation de la pompe à partir d'un champ caractéristique de la pompe enregistré dans une mémoire, dans lequel la valeur cible déterminée du débit et une différence entre la pression de sortie et la pression d'entrée sont entrées comme valeurs d'entrée dans le champ caractéristique ; et pour régler la fréquence de rotation de la pompe sur la valeur cible de la fréquence de rotation,dans lequel le dispositif de régulation est en outre adapté pour établir une valeur moyenne temporelle de la différence entre la pression de sortie et la pression d'entrée ; et pour déterminer la valeur cible du débit à partir du champ caractéristique de la pompe, dans lequel la valeur moyenne temporelle de la différence entre la pression de sortie et la pression d'entrée ainsi qu'une fréquence de rotation actuelle de la pompe sont entrées comme valeurs d'entrée dans le champ caractéristique.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le dispositif de régulation est constitué pour envoyer un signal de régulation à la pompe, et le réglage de la fréquence de rotation de la pompe sur la valeur cible de la fréquence de rotation comprend l'envoi d'un signal de correction sur le signal de régulation fourni à la pompe.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel le champ caractéristique définit à différentes fréquences de rotation une relation entre le débit et une hauteur de refoulement de la pompe, et dans lequel le dispositif de régulation est en outre constitué pour établir une hauteur de refoulement h à partir de l'équation h=(p2-p1)/ρ·g), dans laquelle p1 désigne la pression d'entrée mesurée, p2 la pression de sortie mesurée, ρ la densité du fluide, et g l'accélération gravitationnelle normale.
- Dispositif selon la revendication 11, comprenant en outre :un dispositif de mesure de la température pour mesurer la température du fluide et pour transmettre un signal de mesure de température au dispositif de régulation ;dans lequel le dispositif de régulation est en outre constitué pour établir la densité du fluide à partir du signal de mesure de température et pour déterminer la densité du fluide soit à partir d'une dépendance fonctionnelle de la densité vis-à-vis de la température, soit à partir d'une table stockée dans la mémoire.
- Système à cycle organique de Rankine, comprenant :une pompe pour pomper un fluide de travail, etun dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 12 pour réguler la pompe.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP13180356.1A EP2837829B1 (fr) | 2013-08-14 | 2013-08-14 | Régulation de champ caractéristique de pompes centrifuges |
US14/911,925 US10480515B2 (en) | 2013-08-14 | 2014-06-27 | Performance map control of centrifugal pumps |
PCT/EP2014/063657 WO2015022113A1 (fr) | 2013-08-14 | 2014-06-27 | Réglage du diagramme caractéristique de pompes centrifuges |
CN201480051136.3A CN105556127B (zh) | 2013-08-14 | 2014-06-27 | 离心泵的综合特征曲线调节 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP13180356.1A EP2837829B1 (fr) | 2013-08-14 | 2013-08-14 | Régulation de champ caractéristique de pompes centrifuges |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2837829A1 EP2837829A1 (fr) | 2015-02-18 |
EP2837829B1 true EP2837829B1 (fr) | 2019-12-18 |
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EP13180356.1A Active EP2837829B1 (fr) | 2013-08-14 | 2013-08-14 | Régulation de champ caractéristique de pompes centrifuges |
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US (1) | US10480515B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2837829B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN105556127B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2015022113A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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ES2586425B1 (es) * | 2015-02-19 | 2018-06-08 | Expander Tech, S.L. | Sistema de anti-cavitación eficiente de bombas para ciclos de potencia rankine orgánicos |
CN107050700A (zh) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-08-18 | 广州三业科技有限公司 | 数字定比大流量混合装置及其测试系统和调试方法 |
CN108169394B (zh) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-11-29 | 迈克医疗电子有限公司 | 流量控制方法和装置、分析仪器及计算机可读存储介质 |
DE102018217230A1 (de) * | 2018-10-09 | 2020-04-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung einer Fluidpumpe |
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CN201461354U (zh) * | 2009-06-15 | 2010-05-12 | 上海远动科技有限公司 | 水泵变频调节闭环控制系统 |
CN102094798B (zh) * | 2010-12-22 | 2013-08-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 热网循环泵等阻力区间的变流量调节方法 |
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2013
- 2013-08-14 EP EP13180356.1A patent/EP2837829B1/fr active Active
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2014
- 2014-06-27 WO PCT/EP2014/063657 patent/WO2015022113A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2014-06-27 CN CN201480051136.3A patent/CN105556127B/zh active Active
- 2014-06-27 US US14/911,925 patent/US10480515B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2837829A1 (fr) | 2015-02-18 |
WO2015022113A1 (fr) | 2015-02-19 |
CN105556127A (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
US10480515B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 |
CN105556127B (zh) | 2017-06-27 |
US20160195092A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
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