EP2836304B1 - Separator employing eddy currents - Google Patents

Separator employing eddy currents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2836304B1
EP2836304B1 EP13723828.3A EP13723828A EP2836304B1 EP 2836304 B1 EP2836304 B1 EP 2836304B1 EP 13723828 A EP13723828 A EP 13723828A EP 2836304 B1 EP2836304 B1 EP 2836304B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conveyor belt
endless conveyor
section
separator
endless belt
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
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EP13723828.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2836304A1 (en
Inventor
Eric Chappard
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MTB Machine De Triages Et De Broyages
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MTB Machine De Triages Et De Broyages
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Priority to PL13723828T priority Critical patent/PL2836304T3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/23—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp
    • B03C1/24—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp with material carried by travelling fields
    • B03C1/247—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carried by oscillating fields; with material carried by travelling fields, e.g. generated by stationary magnetic coils; Eddy-current separators, e.g. sliding ramp with material carried by travelling fields obtained by a rotating magnetic drum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/16—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts
    • B03C1/18—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated with material carriers in the form of belts with magnets moving during operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/20—Magnetic separation whereby the particles to be separated are in solid form

Definitions

  • Eddy current separation is employed to separate the conductive and non-magnetizable elements from an inert, i.e. nonconductive, fraction, in which can be found cardboard, plastics, ceramics, etc. Eddy current separation can also be used to sort non-magnetizable fragments based on their electrical conductivities.
  • An eddy current separator of the aforementioned type is described in US Pat. US 3,448,857 United States of America. It comprises an endless belt conveying the mixture to be treated to an end, where this band performs a half-turn on an output drum. In this output drum, a multipole magnetic rotor is driven at high speed, so as to generate an alternating magnetic field which rotates faster than the output drum. The mixture is swept by this magnetic field which induces eddy currents in the conductive fragments of the mixture and which also exerts a repulsion as a function of these eddy currents.
  • the most conductive fragments are the seat of the most intense eddy currents and are the object of the most important repulsion, so that their output paths are the most deviated in the direction of elongation.
  • the fragments not or little conductors fall from the endless band without deviating much from this one.
  • the magnetic rotor must be closer to the endless belt and therefore the output drum, while it rotates at a much higher speed than the output drum. This is achieved only at the cost of a complex mechanical assembly, which operates in a dusty and demanding environment for the equipment.
  • the endless band is predominantly made of polymer capable of melting at low temperature. It can therefore be damaged by local heating caused by a captive ferromagnetic particle.
  • the problem of a melting or other damage by locally induced heating by a captive ferromagnetic particle also arises. for the output drum, whose constituent material must not be conductive and which is often made of composite material. The ferromagnetic particles trapped on the exit drum cause damage that generates both premature and costly repairs.
  • An eddy current separator comprising the technical features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from the document DE4223812C1 .
  • the object of the invention is at least to allow easier and more reliable operation of an eddy current separator of the aforementioned type.
  • the forward path of the endless belt has a sorting section downstream of the acceleration section in which the endless belt follows a straight downward trajectory with respect to the trajectory in the acceleration section, the magnetic rotor multipolar being disposed opposite the sorting section so as to deflect non-magnetizable conductive elements as they pass through the sorting section.
  • the multipolar magnetic rotor is disposed opposite the endless belt at the sorting section so that the endless belt is separated from the multipole magnetic rotor by a gap.
  • the eddy current separator defined above may incorporate one or more other advantageous characteristics, alone or in combination, in particular from those defined hereinafter.
  • the slope of the sorting section is less than 45 °.
  • the routing of the endless belt comprises a connecting section having a progressive downward inflection and connecting the acceleration section to the sorting section.
  • the path of the endless belt is above a take-off path of the material mixture under the effect of an inertia that this mixture has when said mixture is driven along said path at a maximum speed of the endless belt.
  • the path of the endless belt comprises a discharge zone which follows the sorting section.
  • the separator comprises in this spill area a return piece defining a slip ramp on which the path of the endless belt bends downwards.
  • the fixed return piece is made of stainless steel and more preferably of 316L stainless steel.
  • the endless belt is stretched longitudinally between the connecting section and the discharge section, so as to act against a depression of the endless belt in the gap at the sorting section under the action of gravitation.
  • the separator comprises at least one support pad of the endless belt away from the rotating rotor, at the sorting section.
  • an eddy current separator comprises a belt conveyor 1 whose endless belt 2 is stretched by two end drums opposite one another, namely a drum of return 3 input and a return drum 4 output.
  • the arrow P symbolizes the direction of progression of the endless belt 2 driven at least by the drum 3.
  • the endless belt 2 is stretched between the rotary drums 3 and 4 on which it rolls. At least one of the drums, for example the drum 3 drives the endless belt 2 in the direction of progression P.
  • the endless belt 2 follows a path going in the direction of progression P between respectively drums 3 and 4.
  • the path to go comprises an acceleration section 20 in which the material mixture is received and stabilized on the endless belt 2.
  • the acceleration section 20 is configured to drive the mixing of materials at the speed of the endless belt 2 .
  • upstream refers to the direction of progression P of the endless band along its forward path.
  • a vibrating feed trough 5 is arranged to discharge, to an inlet of the conveyor 2, a mixture of heterogeneous solid materials, such as ground waste.
  • a magnetic roller 6 for extracting the ferromagnetic elements possibly present in the mixture of materials is on the drop trajectory of this mixture from the trough 5.
  • the endless belt 2 conveys the mixture of heterogeneous materials to the level of a multipole magnetic rotor 7, which is rotatably mounted inside the endless belt 2, between the drums 3 and 4.
  • this magnetic rotor 7 comprises an annular succession of magnets which are arranged in such a way that magnetic poles north N and south magnetic poles S alternate peripherally.
  • the magnetic rotor 7 is schematized on the Figures 1 to 3 , for the sake of clarity.
  • a motor 8 drives the magnetic rotor 7 at a high speed, for example of the order of 3000 rpm.
  • the magnetic rotor 7 can be driven by the motor 8 via, for example, a coupling belt 9.
  • the magnetic rotor 7 and in particular the motor 8 which drives it are configured so that the magnetic rotor 7 generates a rotating magnetic field passing through the endless belt 2, to sweep above this band 2.
  • the mixture of materials is subjected to an alternating magnetic field which deflects non-magnetizable conductive elements C.
  • the endless belt 2 slides on a support ramp 10, which guides it and whose function is to take charge of the weight of the mixture of heterogeneous materials during the passage thereof.
  • the endless belt 2 is stretched between the support ramp 10 and a fixed return piece 11.
  • the support ramp 10 guides the endless belt 2 and, in so doing, defines the shape of an upstream portion of the forward path of this endless belt 2.
  • This forward path of the endless belt 2 comprises: the upstream section 20 of accelerating the mixing of materials, preferably a connecting section and progressive inflection 21, and a sorting section 22, which succeed one another.
  • the acceleration section 20 is substantially horizontal.
  • the acceleration section 20 is configured so that the material mixture starts at the speed of the endless belt 2 at this section.
  • the magnetic rotor 7 is at the sort section 22, where a separation among the materials of the mixture takes place.
  • the mixture of heterogeneous materials comprises electrically conductive elements C and elements I which are of little or no conductor.
  • the conductive elements C may comprise non-ferrous metal parts, for example aluminum.
  • the little or no conductive elements there may be cardboard, plastic and / or ceramics, for example.
  • the magnetic rotor 7 At the sorting section 22, the magnetic rotor 7 generates a rotating magnetic field, which passes through the endless belt 2 and sweeps over this band 2. This scan is faster than the endless band 2, so that the material mixture is subjected to an alternating magnetic field which induces eddy currents in the conductive elements C. The same alternating field deflects the conducting elements C traversed by such eddy currents and thus transformed temporarily in electric magnets. The deviation by the magnetic field is effected in the direction of an elongation of the flight paths that the conductive elements C possess after having taken off from the endless belt 2. These conducting elements C and the other elements I of the mixture are not propelled at the same distance from the exit of the conveyor 1 and land in two distinct reception areas, a distributor flap 23 separates one from the other. In this way, the conductive elements C present in the mixture of materials are separated and discharged out of this mixture.
  • the endless belt 2 follows, in the sorting section 22, a straight downward trajectory downstream of the acceleration section 20. Indeed, as illustrated in FIG. figure 2 the path of the endless belt 2 has a descending downward slope at the sorting section 22.
  • the take-off of the conductive elements C away from the endless belt 2 takes place in a direction which is tilted upwards from the horizontal.
  • the downward slope of the sorting section 22 advantageously reduces the inclination of the take-off direction of the conducting elements C so that they have flight paths that are as long as possible.
  • the multipolar magnetic rotor 7 is disposed opposite the endless belt 2 at the sorting section 22 so that the endless belt 2 is separated from the multipole magnetic rotor 7 by an air gap.
  • An endless band stretched through a rectilinear sorting section avoids the use of return parts to direct the path of the endless band at the sorting section. Indeed, for a sorting section having the curved shape, the use of return parts in contact with the endless belt is necessary. Furthermore, a contact between the endless belt and return parts at a sorting section traversed by a rotating magnetic field promotes the trapping of particles.
  • this clever configuration of the separator advantageously makes it possible to minimize the trapping of particles in the different elements of the separator arranged at the sorting section 22, thus making it possible to improve the reliability of the separator.
  • the trapped particles in particular the ferromagnetic particles, degrade and wear the various elements of the separator, in particular the endless band, the return pieces, the drums, etc.
  • the ferromagnetic particles possibly seeping under the endless belt 2 are advantageously repelled by the ventilation produced by the rotation of the magnetic rotor 7, which does not rotate in a confined space. If ferromagnetic particles nevertheless reach the magnetic rotor 7, they attach to this magnetic rotor 2 and rotate with it, without being able to heat up by induction. Thus, there is, or virtually no risk that the endless belt 2 is degraded due to heating of a trapped ferromagnetic particle.
  • the downward slope of the path of the endless belt 2 in the sorting section 22, results in an angle ⁇ between this path and the horizontal.
  • This angle ⁇ is advantageously less than 45 °, preferably between 15 ° and 35 °, and even more preferably of the order of 25 °.
  • the path of the endless belt 2 comprises the connecting section 21 connecting the acceleration section 20 to the sorting section 22.
  • the connecting section is shaped so as to have a progressive downward inflection.
  • the path of the endless belt 2 preferably passes from a substantially zero slope to the slope of the sorting section 22, gradually bending downwards as the 'we advance downstream.
  • the path of the endless belt 2 acquires a descending slope downstream, which is progressively increasing downstream along this connecting section 21.
  • This progressive increase in slope is chosen to prevent, under the effect of its inertia, the mixture of materials losing its adhesion to the endless belt 2.
  • the path of the endless belt 2 comprises inclined connecting sections 21 sorting 22.
  • L inclination of a path and speed of an endless belt ie the stroke of the waste, are two key parameters that have a major influence on the inertia of a waste mixture and defining thus its trajectory .
  • trajectory of a waste we mean a curve described by the center of gravity of the waste.
  • the routing of the endless belt 2 at the connecting section 21 is determined by successive iterations downstream from the inlet of this connecting section 21, so that at any point along of the gradual increase of downward slope, the progression of the endless band is a little above a trajectory takeoff of the mixture of material under the effect of its inertia at a maximum speed of the endless belt 2.
  • a slope increase occurring very slowly results in a long connecting section 21 and therefore a large footprint.
  • the path of the endless belt has a smaller inclination with respect to the horizontal, of a non-zero quantity y, than the take-off path of the material mixture under the the effect of its inertia at a maximum speed of the endless belt 2.
  • This advantageous configuration of the connecting section 21, allows the waste mixture to be conveyed to the inclined sorting section 22 with optimum speed while avoiding take-off. waste from the endless band 2.
  • the path of the endless belt 2 comprises a discharge zone 24, where the spill of the elements I is carried out.
  • This spill zone 24 immediately follows the sorting section 22.
  • the flow of the endless belt 2 knows an inflection therein. downwards that determines a sliding ramp 25, for the sliding of this endless belt 2. This inflection leads to a descent which forms a non-zero angle ⁇ with the vertical.
  • the sliding ramp 25 is constitutive of the fixed piece of return 11.
  • the endless belt 2 Due to its tension, the endless belt 2 exerts a large thrust on the fixed return piece 11, which must be strong enough to be able to contain this thrust. In addition, significant friction takes place between the sliding ramp 25 and the endless belt 2.
  • 316L stainless steel according to the standard established by the American Iron and Steel Institute, also called AISI standard.
  • AISI standard is stainless steel Z2CND17-12 according to the French standard NF A 35573. It is also stainless steel X2CrNiMo18-10 1.4404 according to the European standard EN 10027.
  • the fixed return piece 11 has two transverse wings 30 and 31 connected by a fold.
  • the upstream portion of the sliding ramp 25 is connected to the longitudinal wing 30.
  • plates 29 form reinforcing gussets connecting the sliding ramp 25 to each of the wings 30 and 31.
  • the magnetic rotor 7 is engaged in a space that the downstream end of the structure defining the support ramp 10 and the fixed return part 11 delimit between them, in other words between the connection section 21 and the discharge zone 24.
  • an upstream pad 32 and a downstream pad 33 have an upper face along the path of the endless belt 2.
  • these pads 32 and 33 are intended to provide a support for the endless band 2 in the case of the passage excessive load, so as to maintain this endless belt 2 away from the magnetic rotor 7 in such a case.
  • a transverse slot 34 releases a free space between a rear face of the endless belt 2 and an upper portion of the magnetic rotor 7.
  • the air gap separating the magnetic rotor 7 and the endless belt 2 is disposed between the pads 32 and 33.
  • the absence of return drum between the endless belt 2 and the magnetic rotor 7 offers several new possibilities, which is advantageous.
  • the magnetic rotor 7 can be brought closer to the endless belt 2, so that a stronger magnetic field acts on the mixture of materials at the separation.
  • Another possibility is to increase the thickness of the endless belt 2.
  • Another possibility is to maintain a large safety distance between the endless belt 2 and the magnetic rotor 7.
  • the fixed return piece 21 may not be made of 316L stainless steel.
  • this fixed return part 21 may be made in whole or part of ceramic.
  • it can result from the assembly of several elements made of different materials.
  • a first and a second portion of the fixed return piece 21 may be respectively made of ceramic and 316L stainless steel.

Description

Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention

L'invention se rapporte au domaine du tri de matières solides mélangées, telles que celles provenant du broyage de déchets. Plus précisément, l'invention concerne un séparateur par courant de Foucault d'évacuation d'éléments conducteurs non magnétisables hors d'un mélange de matériaux. Le type de séparateur en question comprend :

  • une bande sans fin prévue pour transporter le mélange jusqu'à une section de tri et entraînée dans un sens de progression, le long d'un cheminement comprenant cette section de tri,
  • des tambours rotatifs sur lesquels roule la bande sans fin,
  • un rotor magnétique multipolaire à même d'être entraîné en rotation de manière à générer un champ magnétique alternatif d'induction de courants de Foucault dans lesdits éléments conducteurs et de déviation de ces éléments conducteurs, au niveau de la section de tri.
The invention relates to the field of sorting mixed solids, such as those from the grinding of waste. More specifically, the invention relates to an eddy current separator for discharging non-magnetizable conductive elements out of a mixture of materials. The type of separator in question includes:
  • an endless belt provided for transporting the mixture to a sorting section and driven in a direction of progression, along a path comprising this sorting section,
  • rotary drums on which rolls the endless belt,
  • a multipole magnetic rotor adapted to be rotated to generate an alternating magnetic induction field of eddy currents in said conductive and deflecting elements of these conductive elements at the sorting section.

État de la techniqueState of the art

La séparation par courant de Foucault est employée pour séparer les éléments conducteurs et non magnétisables d'une fraction inerte, c'est-à-dire non conductrice, dans laquelle on peut trouver du carton, des plastiques, de la céramique, etc. La séparation par courant de Foucault peut également être utilisée pour trier des fragments non magnétisables en fonction de leurs conductivités électriques.Eddy current separation is employed to separate the conductive and non-magnetizable elements from an inert, i.e. nonconductive, fraction, in which can be found cardboard, plastics, ceramics, etc. Eddy current separation can also be used to sort non-magnetizable fragments based on their electrical conductivities.

Un séparateur par courant de Foucault du type précité est décrit dans le brevet US 3 448 857 des Etats-Unis d'Amérique. Il comprend une bande sans fin acheminant le mélange à traiter jusqu'à une extrémité, où cette bande effectue un demi-tour sur un tambour de sortie. Dans ce tambour de sortie, un rotor magnétique multipolaire est entraîné à grande vitesse, de manière à générer un champ magnétique alternatif qui tourne plus vite que le tambour de sortie. Le mélange est balayé par ce champ magnétique qui induit des courants de Foucault dans les fragments conducteurs du mélange et qui exerce en outre une répulsion en fonction de ces courants de Foucault. Les fragments les plus conducteurs sont le siège des courants de Foucault les plus intenses et font l'objet de la répulsion la plus importante, si bien que leurs trajectoires de sortie sont les plus déviées dans le sens d'un allongement. Les fragments pas ou peu conducteurs chutent de la bande sans fin sans s'écarter beaucoup de celle-ci.An eddy current separator of the aforementioned type is described in US Pat. US 3,448,857 United States of America. It comprises an endless belt conveying the mixture to be treated to an end, where this band performs a half-turn on an output drum. In this output drum, a multipole magnetic rotor is driven at high speed, so as to generate an alternating magnetic field which rotates faster than the output drum. The mixture is swept by this magnetic field which induces eddy currents in the conductive fragments of the mixture and which also exerts a repulsion as a function of these eddy currents. The most conductive fragments are the seat of the most intense eddy currents and are the object of the most important repulsion, so that their output paths are the most deviated in the direction of elongation. The fragments not or little conductors fall from the endless band without deviating much from this one.

Le rotor magnétique doit être au plus près de la bande sans fin et donc du tambour de sortie, alors qu'il tourne à une vitesse bien plus élevée que ce tambour de sortie. Cela n'est obtenu qu'au prix d'un montage mécanique complexe, qui fonctionne dans un environnement poussiéreux et éprouvant pour le matériel.The magnetic rotor must be closer to the endless belt and therefore the output drum, while it rotates at a much higher speed than the output drum. This is achieved only at the cost of a complex mechanical assembly, which operates in a dusty and demanding environment for the equipment.

Par ailleurs, il arrive que des particules ferromagnétiques s'introduisent sous la bande sans fin et soient ensuite retenues contre le tambour de sortie, du fait de leur attraction par le rotor magnétique. De telles particules ferromagnétiques ainsi retenues dans le champ magnétique tournant s'échauffent sous l'effet de courants induits. Or, la bande sans fin est majoritairement faite de polymère susceptible de fondre à basse température. Elle peut donc être endommagée par un échauffement local provoqué par une particule ferromagnétique captive. Le problème d'une fusion ou d'un autre endommagement par échauffement provoqué localement par une particule ferromagnétique captive se pose également pour le tambour de sortie, dont le matériau constitutif ne doit pas être conducteur et qui est souvent fait en matériau composite. Les particules ferromagnétiques piégées sur le tambour de sortie occasionnent ainsi des dégâts qui génèrent aussi bien des arrêts prématurés que des réparations coûteuses.Furthermore, it happens that ferromagnetic particles are introduced under the endless belt and are then retained against the output drum, because of their attraction by the magnetic rotor. Such ferromagnetic particles thus retained in the rotating magnetic field heat up under the effect of induced currents. Now, the endless band is predominantly made of polymer capable of melting at low temperature. It can therefore be damaged by local heating caused by a captive ferromagnetic particle. The problem of a melting or other damage by locally induced heating by a captive ferromagnetic particle also arises. for the output drum, whose constituent material must not be conductive and which is often made of composite material. The ferromagnetic particles trapped on the exit drum cause damage that generates both premature and costly repairs.

Dans le brevet US 5 092 986 des Etats-Unis d'Amérique, il est proposé une solution visant à remédier aux inconvénients exposés ci-dessus. Comprenant une réduction du diamètre du rotor magnétique et une excentration de ce rotor magnétique par rapport au tambour de sortie, cette solution représente une amélioration, qui n'est toutefois que partielle. Les inconvénients du dispositif décrit dans le brevet US 3 448 857 précité sont toujours présents dans le dispositif proposé par le brevet US 5 092 986 , même si la solution présentée dans ce deuxième brevet les a atténué.In the patent US 5,092,986 of the United States of America, a solution is proposed to remedy the disadvantages described above. Comprising a reduction in the diameter of the magnetic rotor and an eccentricity of this magnetic rotor relative to the output drum, this solution represents an improvement, which is however only partial. The disadvantages of the device described in the patent US 3,448,857 mentioned above are still present in the device proposed by the patent US 5,092,986 even if the solution presented in this second patent attenuated them.

D'autres inconvénients sont communs aux dispositifs des brevets US 3 448 857 et US 5 092 986 précités. L'un d'eux est le coût élevé et la faible durée de vie du tambour de sortie en matériau composite. Ce tambour de sortie présente également l'inconvénient d'être difficile et long à remplacer. Sa présence rend difficile également le remplacement de la bande sans fin, alors que celle-ci est une pièce d'usure. Un autre inconvénient tient au fait qu'une fois en place, le tambour de sortie est peu accessible et qu'une véritable inspection visuelle de son état ne peut pas être effectuée. Il s'ensuit que le tambour de sortie casse souvent de manière imprévue, en fonctionnement, ce qui peut générer des dégâts importants, y compris une casse du rotor magnétique.Other disadvantages are common to patent devices US 3,448,857 and US 5,092,986 supra. One of them is the high cost and low life of the composite material exit drum. This output drum also has the disadvantage of being difficult and long to replace. Its presence also makes it difficult to replace the endless belt, while it is a wear part. Another disadvantage is that once in place, the output drum is inaccessible and a true visual inspection of its state can not be performed. As a result, the output drum often breaks unexpectedly during operation, which can cause significant damage, including magnetic rotor failure.

Un séparateur par courant de Foucault comprenant les caractéristiques techniques du préambule de la revendication 1 est connu du document DE4223812C1 .An eddy current separator comprising the technical features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from the document DE4223812C1 .

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

L'invention a au moins pour but de permettre une exploitation plus aisée et fiable d'un séparateur par courant de Foucault du type précité.The object of the invention is at least to allow easier and more reliable operation of an eddy current separator of the aforementioned type.

On tend vers cet objectif, en prévoyant un séparateur par courant de Foucault d'évacuation d'éléments conducteurs non magnétisables hors d'un mélange de matériaux, comprenant :

  • une bande sans fin configurée pour transporter le mélange de matériaux ;
  • des tambours rotatifs sur lesquels roule la bande sans fin, au moins un des tambours rotatifs entraînant la bande sans fin selon un sens de progression le long d'un cheminement aller comportant une section d'accélération dans laquelle la bande sans fin est configurée pour entraîner le mélange de matériaux à la vitesse de la bande sans fin ;
  • un rotor magnétique multipolaire monté de manière rotatif à l'intérieur de la bande sans fin entre les tambours rotatifs, le rotor magnétique multipolaire étant configuré pour générer un champ magnétique alternatif traversant la bande sans fin et configuré pour dévier les éléments conducteurs non magnétisables.
This objective is pursued by providing an eddy current separator for discharging non-magnetizable conductive elements out of a material mixture, comprising:
  • an endless belt configured to convey the mixture of materials;
  • rotary drums on which the endless belt rolls, at least one of the rotary drums driving the endless belt in a direction of progression along a forward path having an acceleration section in which the endless belt is configured to drive the mixing of materials at the speed of the endless band;
  • a multipolar magnetic rotor rotatably mounted within the endless belt between the rotating drums, the multipolar magnetic rotor being configured to generate an alternating magnetic field traversing the endless belt and configured to deflect the nonmagnetizable conductive elements.

En outre, le cheminement aller de la bande sans fin comporte une section de tri en aval de la section d'accélération dans laquelle la bande sans fin suit une trajectoire rectiligne descendante par rapport à la trajectoire dans la section d'accélération, le rotor magnétique multipolaire étant disposé en face de la section de tri de manière à dévier les éléments conducteurs non magnétisables lors de leur passage dans la section de tri. Le rotor magnétique multipolaire est disposé en face de la bande sans fin au niveau de la section de tri de manière que la bande sans fin soit séparée du rotor magnétique multipolaire par un entrefer.In addition, the forward path of the endless belt has a sorting section downstream of the acceleration section in which the endless belt follows a straight downward trajectory with respect to the trajectory in the acceleration section, the magnetic rotor multipolar being disposed opposite the sorting section so as to deflect non-magnetizable conductive elements as they pass through the sorting section. The multipolar magnetic rotor is disposed opposite the endless belt at the sorting section so that the endless belt is separated from the multipole magnetic rotor by a gap.

Le séparateur par courant de Foucault défini ci-dessus peut incorporer une ou plusieurs autres caractéristiques avantageuses, isolément ou en combinaison, en particulier parmi celles définies ci-après.The eddy current separator defined above may incorporate one or more other advantageous characteristics, alone or in combination, in particular from those defined hereinafter.

Avantageusement, la pente de la section de tri est inférieure à 45°.Advantageously, the slope of the sorting section is less than 45 °.

Avantageusement, le cheminement de la bande sans fin comporte une section de raccordement ayant une inflexion progressive vers le bas et reliant la section d'accélération à la section de tri. Préférentiellement, en tout point de l'accroissement progressif de pente descendante dans la section de raccordement, le cheminement de la bande sans fin est au-dessus d'une trajectoire de décollage du mélange de matière sous l'effet d'une inertie que ce mélange possède lorsque ledit mélange est entraîné le long dudit cheminement à une vitesse maximale de la bande sans fin.Advantageously, the routing of the endless belt comprises a connecting section having a progressive downward inflection and connecting the acceleration section to the sorting section. Preferably, at any point of the gradual increase of downward slope in the connection section, the path of the endless belt is above a take-off path of the material mixture under the effect of an inertia that this mixture has when said mixture is driven along said path at a maximum speed of the endless belt.

Avantageusement, le cheminement de la bande sans fin comporte une zone de déversement qui suit la section de tri. Le séparateur comporte dans cette zone de déversement une pièce de renvoi définissant une rampe de glissement sur laquelle le cheminement de la bande sans fin s'infléchit vers le bas. De préférence, la pièce fixe de renvoi est faite d'acier inoxydable et plus de manière plus préférée, d'acier inoxydable 316L.Advantageously, the path of the endless belt comprises a discharge zone which follows the sorting section. The separator comprises in this spill area a return piece defining a slip ramp on which the path of the endless belt bends downwards. Preferably, the fixed return piece is made of stainless steel and more preferably of 316L stainless steel.

Avantageusement, la bande sans fin est tendue longitudinalement entre la section de raccordement et la section de déversement, de manière à agir à l'encontre d'un enfoncement de la bande sans fin dans l'entrefer au niveau de la section de tri sous l'action de la gravitation.Advantageously, the endless belt is stretched longitudinally between the connecting section and the discharge section, so as to act against a depression of the endless belt in the gap at the sorting section under the action of gravitation.

Avantageusement, le séparateur comporte au moins un patin de support de la bande sans fin à l'écart du rotor rotatif, au niveau de la section de tri.Advantageously, the separator comprises at least one support pad of the endless belt away from the rotating rotor, at the sorting section.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre d'un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif et représenté aux dessins annexés, parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique, en coupe longitudinale, d'un séparateur par courant de Foucault conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est un agrandissement de la loupe notée II à la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 est un agrandissement de la loupe notée III à la même figure 1.
Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of a particular embodiment of the invention. given by way of nonlimiting example and shown in the accompanying drawings, among which:
  • the figure 1 is a diagrammatic view, in longitudinal section, of an eddy current separator according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 is an enlargement of the magnifying glass noted II at the figure 1 ,
  • the figure 3 is an enlargement of the magnifying glass noted III to the same figure 1 .

Description d'un mode préférentiel de l'inventionDescription of a preferred embodiment of the invention

Sur la figure 1, un séparateur par courant de Foucault conforme à l'invention comporte un convoyeur à bande 1, dont la bande sans fin 2 est tendue par deux tambours d'extrémité à l'opposé l'un de l'autre, à savoir un tambour de renvoi 3 en entrée et un tambour de renvoi 4 en sortie. La flèche P symbolise le sens de progression de la bande sans fin 2 entraînée au moins par le tambour 3.On the figure 1 an eddy current separator according to the invention comprises a belt conveyor 1 whose endless belt 2 is stretched by two end drums opposite one another, namely a drum of return 3 input and a return drum 4 output. The arrow P symbolizes the direction of progression of the endless belt 2 driven at least by the drum 3.

Autrement dit, la bande sans fin 2 est tendue entre les tambours rotatifs 3 et 4 sur lesquels elle roule. Au moins un des tambours, par exemple le tambour 3 entraîne la bande sans fin 2 selon le sens de progression P. La bande sans fin 2 suit un cheminement aller selon le sens de progression P entre respectivement les tambours 3 et 4. Le cheminement aller comporte une section d'accélération 20 dans laquelle le mélange de matériaux est réceptionné et stabilisé sur la bande sans fin 2. En outre, la section d'accélération 20 est configurée pour entraîner le mélange de matériaux à la vitesse de la bande sans fin 2.In other words, the endless belt 2 is stretched between the rotary drums 3 and 4 on which it rolls. At least one of the drums, for example the drum 3 drives the endless belt 2 in the direction of progression P. The endless belt 2 follows a path going in the direction of progression P between respectively drums 3 and 4. The path to go comprises an acceleration section 20 in which the material mixture is received and stabilized on the endless belt 2. In addition, the acceleration section 20 is configured to drive the mixing of materials at the speed of the endless belt 2 .

Dans le présent texte et dans les revendications annexées, les termes « amont », « aval », « suivre » et « descendre », ainsi que les termes analogues, se réfèrent au sens de progression P de la bande sans fin le long de son cheminement aller.In this text and in the appended claims, the terms "upstream", "downstream", "follow" and "descend", as well as the terms analogous, refer to the direction of progression P of the endless band along its forward path.

Une auge vibrante d'alimentation 5 est disposée pour déverser, vers une entrée du convoyeur 2, un mélange de matériaux solides hétérogènes, tels que des déchets broyés. Un rouleau aimanté 6 d'extraction des éléments ferromagnétiques éventuellement présents dans le mélange de matériaux se trouve sur la trajectoire de chute de ce mélange depuis l'auge 5.A vibrating feed trough 5 is arranged to discharge, to an inlet of the conveyor 2, a mixture of heterogeneous solid materials, such as ground waste. A magnetic roller 6 for extracting the ferromagnetic elements possibly present in the mixture of materials is on the drop trajectory of this mixture from the trough 5.

La bande sans fin 2 achemine le mélange de matériaux hétérogènes jusqu'au niveau d'un rotor magnétique multipolaire 7, qui est monté rotatif à l'intérieur de la bande sans fin 2, entre les tambours 3 et 4. De manière connue en soi par exemple des brevets US 3 448 857 et US 5 092 986 précités, ce rotor magnétique 7 comporte une succession annulaire d'aimants qui sont disposés de manière que des pôles magnétiques nord N et des pôles magnétiques sud S alternent de manière périphérique. Connu en soi, le rotor magnétique 7 est schématisé sur les figures 1 à 3, dans un souci de clarté.The endless belt 2 conveys the mixture of heterogeneous materials to the level of a multipole magnetic rotor 7, which is rotatably mounted inside the endless belt 2, between the drums 3 and 4. In a manner known per se for example patents US 3,448,857 and US 5,092,986 above mentioned, this magnetic rotor 7 comprises an annular succession of magnets which are arranged in such a way that magnetic poles north N and south magnetic poles S alternate peripherally. Known in itself, the magnetic rotor 7 is schematized on the Figures 1 to 3 , for the sake of clarity.

Un moteur 8 entraîne le rotor magnétique 7 à une vitesse élevée, par exemple de l'ordre de 3000 tr/mn. Le rotor magnétique 7 peut être entraîné par le moteur 8 par l'intermédiaire, par exemple, d'une courroie d'accouplement 9.A motor 8 drives the magnetic rotor 7 at a high speed, for example of the order of 3000 rpm. The magnetic rotor 7 can be driven by the motor 8 via, for example, a coupling belt 9.

Le rotor magnétique 7 et notamment le moteur 8 qui l'entraîne sont configurés pour que le rotor magnétique 7 génère un champ magnétique tournant et traversant la bande sans fin 2, pour réaliser un balayage au-dessus de cette bande 2. Ainsi, le mélange de matériaux est soumis à un champ magnétique alternatif qui permet de dévier les éléments conducteurs C non magnétisables.The magnetic rotor 7 and in particular the motor 8 which drives it are configured so that the magnetic rotor 7 generates a rotating magnetic field passing through the endless belt 2, to sweep above this band 2. Thus, the mixture of materials is subjected to an alternating magnetic field which deflects non-magnetizable conductive elements C.

Dans une partie amont de son cheminement aller, la bande sans fin 2 glisse sur une rampe de support 10, qui la guide et qui a pour fonction de prendre en charge le poids du mélange de matériaux hétérogènes lors du passage de celui-ci. Au niveau du rotor magnétique 7, la bande sans fin 2 est tendue entre la rampe de support 10 et une pièce fixe de renvoi 11.In an upstream part of its forward path, the endless belt 2 slides on a support ramp 10, which guides it and whose function is to take charge of the weight of the mixture of heterogeneous materials during the passage thereof. At the magnetic rotor 7, the endless belt 2 is stretched between the support ramp 10 and a fixed return piece 11.

La rampe de support 10 guide la bande sans fin 2 et, ce faisant, définit la forme d'une partie amont du cheminement aller de cette bande sans fin 2. Ce cheminement aller de la bande sans fin 2 comporte : la section amont 20 d'accélération du mélange de matériaux, préférentiellement une section de raccordement et d'inflexion progressive 21, et une section de tri 22, qui se succèdent. De préférence, la section d'accélération 20 est sensiblement horizontale. La section d'accélération 20 est configurée de sorte que le mélange de matériaux se met à la vitesse de la bande sans fin 2 au niveau de cette section. Le rotor magnétique 7 se trouve au niveau de la section de tri 22, où s'effectue une séparation parmi les matériaux du mélange.The support ramp 10 guides the endless belt 2 and, in so doing, defines the shape of an upstream portion of the forward path of this endless belt 2. This forward path of the endless belt 2 comprises: the upstream section 20 of accelerating the mixing of materials, preferably a connecting section and progressive inflection 21, and a sorting section 22, which succeed one another. Preferably, the acceleration section 20 is substantially horizontal. The acceleration section 20 is configured so that the material mixture starts at the speed of the endless belt 2 at this section. The magnetic rotor 7 is at the sort section 22, where a separation among the materials of the mixture takes place.

Le mélange de matériaux hétérogènes comprend des éléments électriquement conducteurs C et des éléments I qui sont peu ou pas conducteurs. Les éléments conducteurs C peuvent comprendre des pièces de métal non ferreux, par exemple d'aluminium. Parmi les éléments peu ou pas conducteurs, il peut se trouver du carton, du plastique et/ou de la céramique, par exemple.The mixture of heterogeneous materials comprises electrically conductive elements C and elements I which are of little or no conductor. The conductive elements C may comprise non-ferrous metal parts, for example aluminum. Among the little or no conductive elements, there may be cardboard, plastic and / or ceramics, for example.

Au niveau de la section de tri 22, le rotor magnétique 7 génère un champ magnétique tournant, qui passe à travers la bande sans fin 2 et effectue un balayage au-dessus de cette bande 2. Ce balayage est plus rapide que la bande sans fin 2, si bien que le mélange de matériau est soumis à un champ magnétique alternatif qui induit des courants de Foucault dans les éléments conducteurs C. Le même champ alternatif dévie les éléments conducteurs C parcourus par de tels courants de Foucault et ainsi transformés temporairement en aimants électriques. La déviation par le champ magnétique s'effectue dans le sens d'un allongement des trajectoires de vol que possèdent les éléments conducteurs C après avoir décollé de la bande sans fin 2. Ces éléments conducteurs C et les autres éléments I du mélange ne sont pas propulsés à la même distance de la sortie du convoyeur 1 et atterrissent dans deux zones de réception distinctes, qu'un volet répartiteur 23 sépare l'une de l'autre. De la sorte, les éléments conducteurs C présents dans le mélange de matériaux sont séparés et évacués hors de ce mélange.At the sorting section 22, the magnetic rotor 7 generates a rotating magnetic field, which passes through the endless belt 2 and sweeps over this band 2. This scan is faster than the endless band 2, so that the material mixture is subjected to an alternating magnetic field which induces eddy currents in the conductive elements C. The same alternating field deflects the conducting elements C traversed by such eddy currents and thus transformed temporarily in electric magnets. The deviation by the magnetic field is effected in the direction of an elongation of the flight paths that the conductive elements C possess after having taken off from the endless belt 2. These conducting elements C and the other elements I of the mixture are not propelled at the same distance from the exit of the conveyor 1 and land in two distinct reception areas, a distributor flap 23 separates one from the other. In this way, the conductive elements C present in the mixture of materials are separated and discharged out of this mixture.

De manière avantageuse, la bande sans fin 2 suit, dans la section de tri 22, une trajectoire rectiligne descendante en aval de la section d'accélération 20. En effet, comme illustré à la figure 2, le cheminement de la bande sans fin 2 a une pente descendante vers l'aval au niveau de la section de tri 22. Le décollage des éléments conducteurs C à l'écart de la bande sans fin 2 s'effectue selon une direction qui est inclinée vers le haut par rapport à l'horizontale. La pente descendante de la section de tri 22 réduit avantageusement l'inclinaison de la direction de décollage des éléments conducteurs C, de manière que ceux-ci aient des trajectoires de vol aussi longues que possible.Advantageously, the endless belt 2 follows, in the sorting section 22, a straight downward trajectory downstream of the acceleration section 20. Indeed, as illustrated in FIG. figure 2 the path of the endless belt 2 has a descending downward slope at the sorting section 22. The take-off of the conductive elements C away from the endless belt 2 takes place in a direction which is tilted upwards from the horizontal. The downward slope of the sorting section 22 advantageously reduces the inclination of the take-off direction of the conducting elements C so that they have flight paths that are as long as possible.

En outre, le rotor magnétique multipolaire 7 est disposé en face de la bande sans fin 2 au niveau de la section de tri 22 de manière que la bande sans fin 2 soit séparée du rotor magnétique multipolaire 7 par un entrefer.In addition, the multipolar magnetic rotor 7 is disposed opposite the endless belt 2 at the sorting section 22 so that the endless belt 2 is separated from the multipole magnetic rotor 7 by an air gap.

Une bande sans fin tendue et traversant une section de tri rectiligne, permet d'éviter l'utilisation de pièces de renvoi pour diriger le cheminement de la bande sans fin au niveau de la section de tri. En effet, pour une section de tri ayant la forme courbée, l'utilisation de pièces de renvoi en contact avec la bande sans fin est nécessaire. Par ailleurs, un contact entre la bande sans fin et des pièces de renvoi au niveau d'une section de tri traversée par un champ magnétique tournant favorise le piégeage de particules.An endless band stretched through a rectilinear sorting section, avoids the use of return parts to direct the path of the endless band at the sorting section. Indeed, for a sorting section having the curved shape, the use of return parts in contact with the endless belt is necessary. Furthermore, a contact between the endless belt and return parts at a sorting section traversed by a rotating magnetic field promotes the trapping of particles.

Ainsi, cette configuration astucieuse du séparateur, permet avantageusement de minimiser le piégeage de particules dans les différents éléments du séparateur disposés au niveau de la section de tri 22, permettant ainsi d'améliorer la fiabilité du séparateur. En effet, les particules piégées, notamment les particules ferromagnétiques, dégradent et usent les différents éléments du séparateur, notamment la bande sans fin, les pièces de renvoi, les tambours, etc.Thus, this clever configuration of the separator advantageously makes it possible to minimize the trapping of particles in the different elements of the separator arranged at the sorting section 22, thus making it possible to improve the reliability of the separator. In fact, the trapped particles, in particular the ferromagnetic particles, degrade and wear the various elements of the separator, in particular the endless band, the return pieces, the drums, etc.

En outre, les particules ferromagnétiques s'insinuant éventuellement sous la bande sans fin 2 sont, avantageusement, repoussées par la ventilation produite par la rotation du rotor magnétique 7, qui ne tourne pas dans un espace confiné. Si des particules ferromagnétiques atteignent toutefois le rotor magnétique 7, elles se fixent à ce rotor magnétique 2 et tournent avec lui, sans pouvoir s'échauffer par induction. Ainsi, il n'y a, pas ou pratiquement pas de risque que la bande sans fin 2 se dégrade du fait d'un échauffement d'une particule ferromagnétique piégée.In addition, the ferromagnetic particles possibly seeping under the endless belt 2 are advantageously repelled by the ventilation produced by the rotation of the magnetic rotor 7, which does not rotate in a confined space. If ferromagnetic particles nevertheless reach the magnetic rotor 7, they attach to this magnetic rotor 2 and rotate with it, without being able to heat up by induction. Thus, there is, or virtually no risk that the endless belt 2 is degraded due to heating of a trapped ferromagnetic particle.

Dans le séparateur de Foucault des figures 1 à 3, il n'y a pas de tambour de renvoi entourant le rotor magnétique 7. Le coût, la fragilité et les autres inconvénients mentionnés précédemment d'un tel tambour de renvoi sont dès lors inexistants.In the Foucault separator Figures 1 to 3 there is no return drum surrounding the magnetic rotor 7. The cost, fragility and other disadvantages mentioned above of such a return drum are therefore nonexistent.

De ce qui précède, il vient que le séparateur par courant de Foucault représenté aux figures 1 à 3 possède un fonctionnement fiable et robuste. Son exploitation en est grandement facilité.From the foregoing, it follows that the eddy current separator shown in FIGS. Figures 1 to 3 has a reliable and robust operation. Its exploitation is greatly facilitated.

Dans le même sens, on notera que la bande sans fin 2 peut être remplacée rapidement.In the same direction, note that the endless belt 2 can be replaced quickly.

De manière préférentielle, la pente descendante du cheminement de la bande sans fin 2 dans la section de tri 22, se traduit par un angle α entre ce cheminement et l'horizontale. Cet angle α est avantageusement inférieur à 45°, de préférence compris entre 15° et 35°, et de manière encore plus préférée de l'ordre de 25°.Preferably, the downward slope of the path of the endless belt 2 in the sorting section 22, results in an angle α between this path and the horizontal. This angle α is advantageously less than 45 °, preferably between 15 ° and 35 °, and even more preferably of the order of 25 °.

Avantageusement, le cheminement de la bande sans fin 2 comporte la section de raccordement 21 reliant la section d'accélération 20 à la section de tri 22. La section de raccordement est conformée de sorte à avoir une inflexion progressive vers le bas. Autrement dit, Au niveau de la section de raccordement 21, le cheminement de la bande sans fin 2 passe préférentiellement d'une pente sensiblement nulle à la pente de la section de tri 22, en s'infléchissant progressivement vers le bas à mesure que l'on avance vers l'aval. En entrée de la section de raccordement 21, le cheminement de la bande sans fin 2 acquiert une pente descendante vers l'aval, qui connaît un accroissement progressif vers l'aval le long de cette section de raccordement 21. Cet accroissement progressif de pente est choisi pour éviter que, sous l'effet de son inertie, le mélange de matériaux perde son adhérence à la bande sans fin 2. En fait, le cheminement de la bande sans fin 2 comporte des sections inclinées de raccordement 21 de tri 22. L'inclinaison d'un cheminement et la vitesse d'une bande sans fin, i.e. de la course des déchets, constituent deux paramètres essentiels qui ont une influence majeure sur l'inertie d'un déchet du mélange et qui définissent, ainsi, sa trajectoire. Par trajectoire d'un déchet, on entend une courbe décrite par le centre de gravité du déchet.Advantageously, the path of the endless belt 2 comprises the connecting section 21 connecting the acceleration section 20 to the sorting section 22. The connecting section is shaped so as to have a progressive downward inflection. In other words, at the connecting section 21, the path of the endless belt 2 preferably passes from a substantially zero slope to the slope of the sorting section 22, gradually bending downwards as the 'we advance downstream. At the inlet of the connecting section 21, the path of the endless belt 2 acquires a descending slope downstream, which is progressively increasing downstream along this connecting section 21. This progressive increase in slope is chosen to prevent, under the effect of its inertia, the mixture of materials losing its adhesion to the endless belt 2. In fact, the path of the endless belt 2 comprises inclined connecting sections 21 sorting 22. L inclination of a path and speed of an endless belt, ie the stroke of the waste, are two key parameters that have a major influence on the inertia of a waste mixture and defining thus its trajectory . By trajectory of a waste, we mean a curve described by the center of gravity of the waste.

De manière avantageuse, le cheminement de la bande sans fin 2 au niveau de la section de raccordement 21 est déterminée par itérations successives vers l'aval, depuis l'entrée de cette section de raccordement 21, de manière qu'en tout point le long de l'accroissement progressif de pente descendante, le cheminement de la bande sans fin est un peu au-dessus d'une trajectoire de décollage du mélange de matière sous l'effet de son inertie à une vitesse maximale de la bande sans fin 2. Un accroissement de pente s'effectuant très lentement se traduit par une longue section de raccordement 21 et donc par un encombrement important. En tout point le long dudit accroissement progressif de pente descendante, le cheminement de la bande sans fin possède une inclinaison plus faible par rapport à l'horizontale, d'une quantité non nulle y, que la trajectoire de décollage du mélange de matière sous l'effet de son inertie à une vitesse maximale de la bande sans fin 2. Cette configuration avantageuse de la section de raccordement 21, permet d'acheminer le mélange de déchets à la section de tri 22 inclinée avec une vitesse optimale tout en évitant le décollage des déchets de la bande sans fin 2.Advantageously, the routing of the endless belt 2 at the connecting section 21 is determined by successive iterations downstream from the inlet of this connecting section 21, so that at any point along of the gradual increase of downward slope, the progression of the endless band is a little above a trajectory takeoff of the mixture of material under the effect of its inertia at a maximum speed of the endless belt 2. A slope increase occurring very slowly results in a long connecting section 21 and therefore a large footprint. At any point along said progressive increase of downward slope, the path of the endless belt has a smaller inclination with respect to the horizontal, of a non-zero quantity y, than the take-off path of the material mixture under the the effect of its inertia at a maximum speed of the endless belt 2. This advantageous configuration of the connecting section 21, allows the waste mixture to be conveyed to the inclined sorting section 22 with optimum speed while avoiding take-off. waste from the endless band 2.

Le cheminement de la bande sans fin 2 comprend une zone de déversement 24, où s'effectue le déversement des éléments I. Cette zone de déversement 24 suit immédiatement la section de tri 22. Le cheminement de la bande sans fin 2 y connaît une inflexion vers le bas que détermine une rampe de glissement 25, pour le glissement de cette bande sans fin 2. Cette inflexion mène à une descente qui forme un angle non nul β avec la verticale. La rampe de glissement 25 est constitutive de la pièce fixe de renvoi 11.The path of the endless belt 2 comprises a discharge zone 24, where the spill of the elements I is carried out. This spill zone 24 immediately follows the sorting section 22. The flow of the endless belt 2 knows an inflection therein. downwards that determines a sliding ramp 25, for the sliding of this endless belt 2. This inflection leads to a descent which forms a non-zero angle β with the vertical. The sliding ramp 25 is constitutive of the fixed piece of return 11.

Du fait de sa tension, la bande sans fin 2 exerce une poussée importante sur la pièce fixe de renvoi 11, qui doit être suffisamment robuste pour pouvoir contenir cette poussée. De plus, des frottements importants ont lieu entre la rampe de glissement 25 et la bande sans fin 2.Due to its tension, the endless belt 2 exerts a large thrust on the fixed return piece 11, which must be strong enough to be able to contain this thrust. In addition, significant friction takes place between the sliding ramp 25 and the endless belt 2.

De ce qui précède, il ressort que les contraintes mécaniques pour le choix de la pièce fixe de renvoi 11 sont importantes. Une contrainte supplémentaire vient de ce que cette pièce de renvoi 11 se trouve dans le champ magnétique produit par le rotor 7, si bien que des courants induits peuvent s'y produire et conduire à un échauffement rédhibitoire.From the foregoing, it appears that the mechanical stresses for the choice of the fixed piece of return 11 are important. An additional constraint is that this return piece 11 is in the magnetic field produced by the rotor 7, so that induced currents can occur there and lead to a prohibitive heating.

On a trouvé que l'ensemble des contraintes mentionnées ci-dessus pouvaient être surmontées au moyen d'une pièce fixe de renvoi 11 faite d'acier inoxydable 316L, selon la norme établie par l'American Iron and Steel Institute, encore appelée norme AISI. L'acier inoxydable 316L selon la norme AISI est l'acier inoxydable Z2CND17-12 selon la norme française NF A 35573. Il s'agit également de l'acier inoxydable X2CrNiMo18-10 1.4404 selon la norme européenne EN 10027.It was found that all the constraints mentioned above could be overcome by means of a fixed piece of reference 11 made of 316L stainless steel, according to the standard established by the American Iron and Steel Institute, also called AISI standard. . 316 stainless steel according to the AISI standard is stainless steel Z2CND17-12 according to the French standard NF A 35573. It is also stainless steel X2CrNiMo18-10 1.4404 according to the European standard EN 10027.

Ainsi qu'on peut bien le voir à la figure 3, la pièce de renvoi fixe 11 comporte deux ailes transversales 30 et 31 reliées par un pli. La portion amont de la rampe de glissement 25 se raccorde sur l'aile longitudinale 30. Se succédant dans une rangée transversale, des plaques 29 forment des goussets de renforcement reliant la rampe de glissement 25 à chacune des ailes 30 et 31.As can be seen from the figure 3 , the fixed return piece 11 has two transverse wings 30 and 31 connected by a fold. The upstream portion of the sliding ramp 25 is connected to the longitudinal wing 30. Successive in a transverse row, plates 29 form reinforcing gussets connecting the sliding ramp 25 to each of the wings 30 and 31.

Le rotor magnétique 7 est engagé dans un espace que l'extrémité aval de la structure définissant la rampe de support 10 et la pièce fixe de renvoi 11 délimitent entre elles, autrement dit entre la section de raccordement 21 et la zone de déversement 24. La section de tri 22, dans laquelle la bande sans fin 2 est séparée du rotor magnétique multipolaire 7 par un entrefer, est disposée au niveau de cet espace. Par ailleurs, la bande sans fin 2 est tendue longitudinalement entre la section de raccordement 21 et la zone de déversement 24, de manière à agir à l'encontre d'un enfoncement de la bande sans fin 2 dans l'entrefer au niveau de la section de tri 22 sous l'action de la gravitation.The magnetic rotor 7 is engaged in a space that the downstream end of the structure defining the support ramp 10 and the fixed return part 11 delimit between them, in other words between the connection section 21 and the discharge zone 24. sorting section 22, wherein the endless belt 2 is separated from the multipole magnetic rotor 7 by an air gap, is disposed at this gap. Furthermore, the endless belt 2 is stretched longitudinally between the connecting section 21 and the discharge zone 24, so as to act against a depression of the endless belt 2 in the gap at the level of the sorting section 22 under the action of gravitation.

Par ailleurs, dans la partie supérieure dudit espace, un patin amont 32 et un patin aval 33 possèdent une face supérieure longeant le cheminement de la bande sans fin 2. Réalisés en matériau composite, ces patins 32 et 33 sont destinés à réaliser un support de la bande sans fin 2 dans le cas du passage d'une charge excessive, de manière à maintenir cette bande sans fin 2 à l'écart du rotor magnétique 7 dans un tel cas.Furthermore, in the upper part of said space, an upstream pad 32 and a downstream pad 33 have an upper face along the path of the endless belt 2. Made of composite material, these pads 32 and 33 are intended to provide a support for the endless band 2 in the case of the passage excessive load, so as to maintain this endless belt 2 away from the magnetic rotor 7 in such a case.

Entre les patins 32 et 33, une fente transversale 34 dégage un espace libre entre une face arrière de la bande sans fin 2 et une portion supérieure du rotor magnétique 7. Autrement dit, l'entrefer séparant le rotor magnétique 7 et la bande sans fin 2 est disposé entre les patins 32 et 33.Between the shoes 32 and 33, a transverse slot 34 releases a free space between a rear face of the endless belt 2 and an upper portion of the magnetic rotor 7. In other words, the air gap separating the magnetic rotor 7 and the endless belt 2 is disposed between the pads 32 and 33.

L'absence de tambour de renvoi entre la bande sans fin 2 et le rotor magnétique 7 offre plusieurs nouvelles possibilités, ce qui est avantageux. En particulier, le rotor magnétique 7 peut être rapproché de la bande sans fin 2, afin qu'un champ magnétique plus intense agisse sur le mélange de matériaux au niveau de la séparation. Une autre possibilité est d'augmenter l'épaisseur de la bande sans fin 2. Encore une autre possibilité consiste à conserver une importante distance de sécurité entre la bande sans fin 2 et le rotor magnétique 7.The absence of return drum between the endless belt 2 and the magnetic rotor 7 offers several new possibilities, which is advantageous. In particular, the magnetic rotor 7 can be brought closer to the endless belt 2, so that a stronger magnetic field acts on the mixture of materials at the separation. Another possibility is to increase the thickness of the endless belt 2. Another possibility is to maintain a large safety distance between the endless belt 2 and the magnetic rotor 7.

L'invention ne se limite pas au mode de réalisation décrit précédemment. En particulier, au moins une portion de la pièce fixe de renvoi 21 peut ne pas être réalisée en acier inoxydable 316L. Par exemple, cette pièce fixe de renvoi 21 peut être faite en tout ou partie de céramique. Egalement, elle peut résulter de l'assemblage de plusieurs éléments réalisés en matériaux différents. Par exemple, une première et une deuxième portion de la pièce fixe de renvoi 21 peuvent être respectivement faites de céramique et d'acier inoxydable 316L.The invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. In particular, at least a portion of the fixed return piece 21 may not be made of 316L stainless steel. For example, this fixed return part 21 may be made in whole or part of ceramic. Also, it can result from the assembly of several elements made of different materials. For example, a first and a second portion of the fixed return piece 21 may be respectively made of ceramic and 316L stainless steel.

Claims (9)

  1. A separator by Foucault current for removing non-magnetizable conductive elements (C) from a mixture of materials, comprising:
    - a endless conveyor belt (2) configured to transport the mixture of materials,
    - rotary drums (3, 4) on which the endless conveyor belt (2) runs, at least one of the rotary drums (3) driving the endless conveyor belt (2) in a direction of progression (P) along an outward path comprising an acceleration section (20) in which the endless conveyor belt (2) is configured to drive the mixture of materials at the speed of the endless conveyor belt (2);
    - a multipole magnetic rotor (7) mounted rotatably inside the endless conveyor belt (2) between the rotary drums (3, 4), the multipole magnetic rotor (7) being configured to generate an alternating magnetic field passing through the endless conveyor belt (2) and to divert the non-magnetizable conductive elements (C);
    characterized in that:
    - the outward path of the endless conveyor belt (2) comprises a sorting section (22) downstream to the acceleration section (20) in which the endless conveyor belt (2) follows a descending rectilinear trajectory downstream with respect to the trajectory in the acceleration section (20), the multipole magnetic rotor (7) being located facing the sorting section (22) so as to divert the non-magnetizable conductive elements (C) when the latter pass through the sorting section (22);
    - the multipole magnetic rotor (7) is arranged facing the endless conveyor belt (2) in the sorting section (22) so that the endless conveyor belt (2) is separated from the multipole magnetic rotor (7) by an air-gap.
  2. The separator by Foucault current according to claim 1, characterized in that the slope (a) of the sorting section (22) is less than 45°.
  3. The separator by Foucault current according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the path of the endless conveyor belt (2) comprises a connecting section (21) connecting the acceleration section (20) to the sorting section (22), the connecting section (21) having a progressive downwards inflection.
  4. The separator by Foucault current according to any one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the path of the endless conveyor belt (2) comprises a discharge area (24) which follows on from the sorting section (22), and in that the separator comprises in this discharge area (24) a slideway (11) defining a slide ramp (25) on which the path of the endless conveyor belt (2) inflects downwards.
  5. The separator by Foucault current according to claim 4, characterized in that the fixed slideway (11) is made from stainless steel.
  6. The separator by Foucault current according to claim 4, characterized in that the fixed slideway (11) is made from 316L stainless steel.
  7. The separator by Foucault current according to any one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the endless conveyor belt (2) is tightly stretched longitudinally between the connecting section (21) and the discharge area (24) so as to act against a depression of the endless conveyor belt (2) in the sorting section (22) due to the action of gravitation.
  8. The separator by Foucault current according to any one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one support pad (32, 33) of the endless conveyor belt (2) keeping the latter away from the rotary rotor (7), in the sorting section (22).
  9. The separator by Foucault current according to claim 3, characterized in that, at any point along the progressive descending slope increase in the connecting section (21), the path of the endless conveyor belt (2) is above a disengagement trajectory of the mixture of material due to the effect of an inertia which this mixture possesses when said mixture is driven along said path at a maximum speed of the endless conveyor belt (2).
EP13723828.3A 2012-04-12 2013-04-12 Separator employing eddy currents Not-in-force EP2836304B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13723828T PL2836304T3 (en) 2012-04-12 2013-04-12 Separator employing eddy currents

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1201088A FR2989288B1 (en) 2012-04-12 2012-04-12 CURRENT SEPARATOR OF FOUCAULT
PCT/FR2013/000100 WO2013153296A1 (en) 2012-04-12 2013-04-12 Separator employing eddy currents

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2836304A1 EP2836304A1 (en) 2015-02-18
EP2836304B1 true EP2836304B1 (en) 2018-12-26

Family

ID=48468610

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13723828.3A Not-in-force EP2836304B1 (en) 2012-04-12 2013-04-12 Separator employing eddy currents

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US9950324B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2836304B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2713089T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2989288B1 (en)
MX (1) MX345840B (en)
PL (1) PL2836304T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2013153296A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104888955B (en) * 2015-06-17 2017-08-01 嘉诺资源再生技术（苏州）有限公司 A kind of high-frequency vortex non-ferrous metal sorter
US10675638B2 (en) * 2016-09-21 2020-06-09 Magnetic Systems International Non contact magnetic separator system
CN109622361A (en) * 2018-12-20 2019-04-16 重庆科技学院 A kind of metallurgical slag processing recovery method

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US3448857A (en) 1966-10-24 1969-06-10 Eriez Magnetics Electrodynamic separator
DE8809072U1 (en) 1988-04-25 1988-10-06 Steinert Elektromagnetbau Gmbh, 5000 Koeln, De
DE3906422C1 (en) * 1989-03-01 1990-10-18 Lindemann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 4000 Duesseldorf, De
FR2657544B1 (en) * 1990-01-29 1992-04-17 Andrin G MAGNETIC SEPARATOR OF PARTICLES AND PIECES IN NON-FERROUS METAL.
DE4031585A1 (en) * 1990-10-05 1992-04-09 Lindemann Maschfab Gmbh Sepg. nonferrous metals from moving mixt. - involves alternating field of eccentric magnetised rotor within tube over which poorly conductive conveyor belt runs
FR2671291B1 (en) * 1991-01-04 1993-04-09 Andrin Fils Ets G MAGNETIC SEPARATOR FOR NON-FERROUS METAL PARTICLES.
DE4223812C1 (en) * 1992-07-20 1993-08-26 Lindemann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 4000 Duesseldorf, De
DE4317640A1 (en) 1993-05-27 1994-12-08 Nsm Magnettechnik Gmbh Device for influencing the position of parts of electrically conductive, non-ferromagnetic materials, in particular for transporting and/or sorting such parts
FR2712208B1 (en) 1993-11-10 1996-02-02 Fcb Apparatus for separating electrically conductive particles from a mixture of solid particles.
DE19838170C2 (en) 1998-08-21 2001-06-07 Meier Staude Robert Method and device for eddy current separation of material mixtures in particle form
ES2182716B1 (en) 2001-07-25 2004-06-01 Virginia Campins Bagur MAGNETIC SEPARATOR OF NON-PHERROMAGNETIC METAL BODIES.
FR2915407A1 (en) * 2007-04-27 2008-10-31 Andrin Sa Sa SORTING DEVICE COMPRISING A MAGNETIC SEPARATOR OF NON-FERROUS METAL PARTICLES AND PIECES
EP2644277A3 (en) * 2009-08-27 2014-03-05 Lux Magnet Magnetic separator with eddy current, with optimised trajectory and interaction zone of the particles

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2989288B1 (en) 2015-01-16
FR2989288A1 (en) 2013-10-18
WO2013153296A1 (en) 2013-10-17
EP2836304A1 (en) 2015-02-18
MX2014012145A (en) 2015-05-12
ES2713089T3 (en) 2019-05-17
PL2836304T3 (en) 2019-06-28
MX345840B (en) 2017-02-20
US9950324B2 (en) 2018-04-24
US20150076039A1 (en) 2015-03-19

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