EP2829803B1 - Verfahren zur Stabilisierung der Verbrennung eines Gasbrenners mittels Fast-Fourier-Transformation (FFT) - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Stabilisierung der Verbrennung eines Gasbrenners mittels Fast-Fourier-Transformation (FFT) Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2829803B1
EP2829803B1 EP13177970.4A EP13177970A EP2829803B1 EP 2829803 B1 EP2829803 B1 EP 2829803B1 EP 13177970 A EP13177970 A EP 13177970A EP 2829803 B1 EP2829803 B1 EP 2829803B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
burner
based signal
electrical
electronic sensor
Prior art date
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EP13177970.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2829803A1 (de
Inventor
Gerwin Langius
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Garrett Motion SARL
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Honeywell Technologies SARL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/005—Regulating fuel supply using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/245—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/185—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/06—Sampling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/10—Correlation

Definitions

  • the present patent application relates to a method for operating a gas burner.
  • EP 1 084 369 B1 and EP 1 179 159 B1 each disclose a method for operating a gas burner.
  • a gas/air mixture having a defined mixing ratio of gas and air is provided to a burner chamber of the gas burner.
  • the gas/air mixture is provided by mixing an air flow provided by an air duct with a gas flow provided by a gas duct using a mixing device.
  • the quantity of the air flow is adjusted by a fan.
  • the defined mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture is controlled by a controller on basis of a signal provided by an electrical or electronic sensor.
  • the electrical or electronic sensor is coupled to the gas duct and to the air duct.
  • the electrical or electronic sensor is coupled to the gas duct and to a reference point.
  • the electrical or electronic sensor is especially designed as a flow-meter.
  • An actual value corresponding to a pressure ratio between the gas pressure in the gas duct and the air pressure in the air duct or corresponding to a pressure ratio between the gas pressure in the gas duct and the air pressure at the reference point is provided by the electrical or electronic sensor, wherein this actual value is compared with a nominal value.
  • a control variable for a gas valve assigned to the gas duct is generated on basis of the control deviation between the actual value and nominal value, wherein the gas valve is adjusted on basis of this control variable in order to provide the defined mixing ratio of gas and air in the gas/air mixture.
  • the defined mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture is kept constant over the entire modulation range of the gas burner.
  • the mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture is kept constant over the entire fan speed range of the fan, either to provide a 1:1 gas-air control having a ratio between the gas pressure and the air pressure of 1:1 over the entire modulation range of the gas burner or to provide a 1:N (N>1) gas-air control having a ratio between the gas pressure and the air pressure of 1:N over the entire modulation range of the gas burner.
  • a so-called ⁇ -value is usually greater than 1.
  • an unstable combustion of the gas/air mixture can occur.
  • Such an unstable combustion can be caused e.g. by cold surfaces of the gas burner, by an incorrect mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture caused by too low calorific gases or by modulation levels being too low.
  • WO 2009/89886A2 discloses a method in which stable or unstable combustion of the gas/air mixture within the burner chamber is detected on basis of a signal provided by an ionization sensor.
  • the signal provided by an ionization sensor is subject of fluctuations due to ambient noise.
  • slow filtering must be applied to the signal provided by an ionization sensor.
  • such a slow filtering of the signal provided by an ionization sensor causes a low ratio of signal fluctuations caused by an unstable combustion versus signal fluctuations caused by ambient noise. This makes it difficult to determine stable or unstable combustion on basis of a signal provided by an ionization sensor.
  • EP 2 466 202 A2 discloses a method in which the signal provided by the electrical or electronic sensor is used to determine if the combustion of the gas/air mixture within the burner chamber is stable or unstable.
  • the time-based signal provided by the electrical or electronic sensor is sampled at a defined sampling rate, whereby a variance of the samples of the time-based signal is calculated and compared with a reference value in order to determine if the combustion of the gas/air mixture within the burner chamber is stable or unstable.
  • a variance of the samples of the time-based signal is calculated and compared with a reference value in order to determine if the combustion of the gas/air mixture within the burner chamber is stable or unstable.
  • the operation of the gas burner will be influenced.
  • EP 0 682 210 A1 discloses a combustion control apparatus making use of a flow meter connected to an air duct, wherein it is possible to detect the amount of air flow stability.
  • EP 2 184 467 A1 relates to a gas turbine method and device. Signals provided by several measurement devices, namely by a process variable measurement device, by pressure variation measurement device and by an acceleration measurement device are used and processes to provide combustion stability.
  • the method according to the present application makes it possible to determine reliably if the combustion of the gas/air mixture within the burner chamber is stable or unstable. E.g. noise caused by the fan and/or high EMC (Electro Magnetic Compatibility) levels will not influence the reliability of the determination if the combustion is stable or unstable.
  • EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a gas burner 10.
  • the gas burner 10 comprises a burner chamber 11 in which combustion of a gas/air mixture takes place during burner-on phases of the gas burner 10. The combustion of the gas/air mixture results into flames 12.
  • the gas/air mixture is provided to the burner chamber 11 of the gas burner 10 by mixing an air flow with a gas flow.
  • a fan 14 sucks in air flowing through an air duct 15 and gas flowing though a gas duct 16.
  • a gas valve 17 for adjusting the gas flow through the gas duct 16 and a safety valve 18 are assigned to the gas duct 16. The position of the gas valve 17 is adjusted by a pressure regulator 19.
  • the gas/air mixture having a defined mixing ratio of gas and air is provided to the burner chamber 11 of the gas burner 10.
  • the gas/air mixture is provided by mixing the air flow provided by an air duct 15 with a gas flow provided by a gas duct 16.
  • the air flow and the gas flow become preferably mixed by a mixing device.
  • a mixing device can be designed as a Venturi nozzle (not shown).
  • the quantity of the air flow and thereby the quantity of the gas/air mixture flow is adjusted by the fan 14, namely by the speed of the fan 14.
  • the fan speed can be adjusted by an actuator 22 of the fan 14.
  • the defined mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture is controlled by a controller 20 on basis of a signal provided by an electrical or electronic sensor 13.
  • the electrical or electronic sensor 13 is coupled to the gas duct 16 and to a reference point 23.
  • the electrical or electronic sensor 13 is preferably designed as a flow-meter.
  • An actual value corresponding to a pressure ratio between the gas pressure in the gas duct 16 and the air pressure at the reference point 23 is provided by the electrical or electronic sensor 13. This actual value is compared by the controller 20 with a nominal value stored in the controller 20.
  • the controller 20 generates a control variable for the gas valve 17, namely for an actuator 21 of the gas valve 17, on basis of the control deviation between the actual value provided by the electrical or electronic sensor 23 and the nominal value stored in the controller 20.
  • the gas valve position of the gas valve 17 is adjusted by the actuator 21 of the same on basis of this control variable in order to provide the defined mixing ratio of gas and air in the gas/air mixture.
  • the mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture provided to the burner chamber 11 is preferably kept constant over the modulation range of the gas burner.
  • the modulation range of the gas burner 10 is defined by a minimum burner load and by a maximum burner load. At maximum burner load the fan 14 is operated at maximum fan speed. At minimum burner load the fan 14 is operated at minimum fan speed. In other word, the modulation range of the gas burner 10 is defined by the minimum fan speed and by the maximum fan speed.
  • the mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture provided to the burner chamber 11 is changed as a function on the speed of the fan 14.
  • a gas/air mixture is provided having a mixing ratio of gas and air adapted to provide a stable and secure ignition of the gas/air mixture.
  • a gas/air mixture is provided having a mixing ratio of gas and air adapted to provide combustion with reduced emissions.
  • the mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture can be freely adjustable as a function of the fan speed of the fan 14.
  • the signal provided by the electrical or electronic sensor 13 is in addition used to determine if the combustion of the gas/air mixture within the burner chamber 11 is stable or unstable.
  • the time-based signal provided by the electrical or electronic sensor 13 is processed in such a way that the time-based signal provided by the electrical or electronic sensor 13 is sampled at a defined sampling rate providing a defined number of samples of the time-based signal.
  • the operation of the gas burner will be influenced. It is possible to shut down the gas burner when unstable combustion is detected. Preferably, the modulation range of the gas burner becomes decreased by increasing the minimum burner load or the minimum fan speed when unstable combustion is detected.
  • a Fast Fourier Transformation is applied to the samples of the time based signal obtained by the sampling of the time-based signal of the electrical or electronic sensor 13 at the defined sampling rate thereby generating the frequency-based signal.
  • Such a Fast Fourier is simple and can be executed on simple low performance processors.
  • Figures 2 , 4 , 6 and 8 each show the time-based signals 24, 25, 26, 27 provided by the electrical or electronic sensor 13.
  • the amplitude a of the signal provided by the electrical or electronic sensor 13 varies or changes over the time t.
  • Figures 2 and 4 each show time-based signals provided by the electrical or electronic sensor 13 at relative low burner loads, wherein Figures 6 and 8 each show time-based signals provided by the electrical or electronic sensor 13 at relative high burner loads.
  • the time-based signals of Figures 2 and 6 are provided at stable combustion, wherein the time-based signals of Figures 4 and 8 are provided at unstable combustion.
  • the time-based signals 24, 25, 26, 27 are sampled using a defined sampling rate, e.g. 85.33 Hz.
  • the defined sampling rate is preferably burner load independent.
  • the Fourier Transformation is applied to a defined number of samples, e.g. to 128 samples.
  • the defined number of samples which are subject to the Fourier Transformation is preferably burner load independent.
  • a defined frequency range 32 e.g. between 20 Hz and 40Hz, it is determined if the amplitude A of the respective frequency-based signal 28, 29, 30, 31 is below or above a defined threshold 33 of e.g. 200 for a relative low burner load or e.g. 1000 for a relative low burner load.
  • the defined frequency range 32 is preferably burner-load independent.
  • the defined threshold 33 is preferably burner-load dependent.
  • the time-based signals are also often called time-dependent signals and the frequency-based signals are also often called frequency-dependent signals.
  • the method for operating a gas burner is implemented with the controller 20.
  • the controller 20 determines on basis of the signal provided by the electrical or electronic sensor 13 if the combustion of the gas/air mixture within the burner chamber 11 is stable or unstable.
  • the controller 20 comprises means for performing the method. These means include an interface for receiving the signal from the electrical or electronic sensor 13, a memory for storing data and a processor for performing calculations based on the received signal and stored data.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasbrenners (10),
    wobei während der Brenner-Ein Phasen ein Gas-Luft-Gemisch mit einem definierten Mischverhältnis von Gas und Luft einer Brennkammer (11) des Gasbrenners (10) zum Verbrennen des Gas-Luft-Gemisches innerhalb der Brennkammer (11) bereitgestellt wird,
    wobei das Gas-Luft-Gemisch durch Mischen einer Luftströmung, die durch ein Gebläse (14) angesaugt wird, mit einer Gasströmung bereitgestellt wird,
    wobei das definierte Mischverhältnis des Gas-Luft-Gemisches durch Vergleichen eines derzeitigen Werts eines Signals, das durch einen elektrischen oder elektronischen Sensor (13) bereitgestellt wird, mit einem Nennwert für das Signal, das von dem elektrischen oder elektronischen Sensor (13) bereitgestellt wird, und durch Erzeugen einer Stellgröße für ein Gasventil (17), das einem Gaskanal (16) zugeordnet ist, auf Basis der Regelabweichung zwischen dem derzeitigen Wert und dem Nennwert geregelt wird,
    wobei der elektrische oder elektronische Sensor (13) mit dem Gaskanal (16) sowie mit einem Bezugspunkt (23) gekoppelt ist, wobei der derzeitige Wert des Signals, der vom elektrischen oder elektronischen Sensor (13) bereitgestellt wird, einem Druckverhältnis zwischen dem Gasdruck im Gaskanal und dem Luftdruck am Bezugspunkt (23) entspricht,
    wobei das Signal, das vom elektrischen oder elektronischen Sensor (13) bereitgestellt wird, zusätzlich verwendet wird, um zu bestimmen, ob die Verbrennung des Gas-Luft-Gemisches innerhalb der Brennkammer (11) stabil oder instabil ist,
    wobei zum Bestimmen der stabilen oder instabilen Verbrennung das zeitbasierte Signal, das von dem elektrischen oder elektronischen Sensor (13) bereitgestellt wird, derart verarbeitet wird, dass:
    das zeitbasierte Signal (24, 26, 28, 30), das vom elektrischen oder elektronischen Sensor (13) bereitgestellt wird, mit einer definierten Abtastrate abgetastet wird,
    eine Fourier-Transformation auf die Abtastungen des zeitbasierten Signals, das durch Abtasten des zeitbasierten Signals an der definierten Abtastrate erhalten werden, angewendet wird, wodurch ein frequenzbasiertes Signal (25, 27, 29, 31) erzeugt wird,
    bestimmt wird, ob die Amplitude des frequenzbasierten Signals (25, 27, 29, 31) innerhalb eines definierten Frequenzbereichs (32) größer als ein definierter Schwellenwert (33) ist, wobei eine stabile Verbrennung bestimmt wird, wenn die Amplitude des frequenzbasierten Signals innerhalb des definierten Frequenzbereichs kleiner als der definierte Schwellenwert ist, und wobei eine instabile Verbrennung bestimmt wird, wenn die Amplitude des frequenzbasierten Signals innerhalb des definierten Frequenzbereichs größer als der definierte Schwellenwert ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine Fast-Fourier-Transformation auf die Abtastungen des zeitbasierten Signals, die durch Abtasten des zeitbasierten Signals mit der definierten Abtastrate erhalten werden, angewendet wird und dadurch das frequenzbasierte Signal erzeugt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei, wenn eine stabile Verbrennung bestimmt wird, der Betrieb des Gasbrenners (10) nicht beeinflusst wird.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei, wenn eine instabile Verbrennung bestimmt wird, der Betrieb des Gasbrenners (10) beeinflusst wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei der definierte Frequenzbereich (32) brennerlastunabhängig ist.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der definierte Schwellenwert (33) brennerlastabhängig ist.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Abtastrate brennerlastunabhängig ist.
EP13177970.4A 2013-07-25 2013-07-25 Verfahren zur Stabilisierung der Verbrennung eines Gasbrenners mittels Fast-Fourier-Transformation (FFT) Active EP2829803B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13177970.4A EP2829803B1 (de) 2013-07-25 2013-07-25 Verfahren zur Stabilisierung der Verbrennung eines Gasbrenners mittels Fast-Fourier-Transformation (FFT)

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EP13177970.4A EP2829803B1 (de) 2013-07-25 2013-07-25 Verfahren zur Stabilisierung der Verbrennung eines Gasbrenners mittels Fast-Fourier-Transformation (FFT)

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Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2880398B2 (ja) * 1994-03-18 1999-04-05 株式会社山武 燃焼制御装置
DE19824521B4 (de) 1998-06-02 2004-12-23 Honeywell B.V. Regeleinrichtung für Gasbrenner
DE19922226C1 (de) 1999-05-14 2000-11-30 Honeywell Bv Regeleinrichtung für Gasbrenner
DE102008005216B3 (de) 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasbrenners
JP5010502B2 (ja) * 2008-02-28 2012-08-29 三菱重工業株式会社 ガスタービン制御方法及び装置
AT510002B1 (de) 2010-12-20 2012-01-15 Vaillant Group Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur regelung eines gas-/luftgemisches

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