EP2685168B1 - Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Gasbrenners - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Gasbrenners Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2685168B1
EP2685168B1 EP12176353.6A EP12176353A EP2685168B1 EP 2685168 B1 EP2685168 B1 EP 2685168B1 EP 12176353 A EP12176353 A EP 12176353A EP 2685168 B1 EP2685168 B1 EP 2685168B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
air
burner
air mixture
mixing ratio
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP12176353.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2685168A1 (de
Inventor
Piet Blaauwwiekel
Gerwin Langius
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Garrett Motion SARL
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Honeywell Technologies SARL
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Priority to EP12176353.6A priority Critical patent/EP2685168B1/de
Publication of EP2685168A1 publication Critical patent/EP2685168A1/de
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Publication of EP2685168B1 publication Critical patent/EP2685168B1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/025—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electrical or electromechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N5/184—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F23N2225/06—Measuring pressure for determining flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed

Definitions

  • the present patent application relates to a method for operating a gas burner.
  • EP 1 084 369 B1 and EP 1 179 159 B1 each disclose a method for operating a gas burner.
  • a gas/air mixture having a defined mixing ratio of gas and air is provided to a burner chamber of the gas burner.
  • the gas/air mixture is provided by mixing an air flow provided by an air duct with a gas flow provided by a gas duct using a mixing device.
  • the quantity of the air flow is adjusted by a fan.
  • the defined mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture is controlled by a controller on basis of a signal provided by an electrical or electronic sensor.
  • the electrical or electronic sensor is coupled to the gas duct and to the air duct.
  • the electrical or electronic sensor is coupled to the gas duct and to a reference point.
  • the electrical or electronic sensor is especially designed as a flow-meter.
  • An actual value corresponding to a pressure ratio between the gas pressure in the gas duct and the air pressure in the air duct or corresponding to a pressure ratio between the gas pressure in the gas duct and the air pressure at the reference point is provided by the electrical or electronic sensor, wherein this actual value is compared with a nominal value.
  • a control variable for a gas valve assigned to the gas duct is generated on basis of the control deviation between the actual value and nominal value, wherein the gas valve is adjusted on basis of this control variable in order to provide the defined mixing ratio of gas and air in the gas/air mixture.
  • the defined mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture is kept constant over the entire modulation range of the gas burner.
  • the mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture is kept constant over the entire fan speed range of the fan, either to provide a 1:1 gas-air control having a ratio between the gas pressure and the air pressure of 1:1 over the entire modulation range of the gas burner or to provide a 1:N (N>1) gas-air control having a ratio between the gas pressure and the air pressure of 1:N over the entire modulation range of the gas burner.
  • a so-called ⁇ -value is usually greater than 1.
  • DE 101 14 901 A1 discloses a method for operating a gas burner in which a controller uses signals provided by two mass flow sensors and a signal provided by a viscosity sensor to generate an output signal for a fan.
  • the controller determines a certain fan speed for the fan on basis of the signals of these three sensors in order to control ⁇ .
  • the novel method for operating a gas burner provides over the entire modulation range of the gas burner an optimized mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture, whereby the variation and thereby optimization of the mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture as a function of the fan speed is allowed only if the operating conditions of the gas burner are good enough. This results into a very stable operation of the gas burner.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a gas burner 10.
  • the gas burner 10 comprises a burner chamber 11 in which combustion of a gas/air mixture takes place during burner-on phases of the gas burner 10.
  • the combustion of the gas/air mixture results into flames 12 monitored by e.g. a flame ionization sensor 13.
  • the flame ionization sensor 13 is an optional component of the gas burner 10.
  • the gas/air mixture is provided to the burner chamber 11 of the gas burner 10 by mixing an air flow with a gas flow.
  • a fan 14 sucks in air flowing through an air duct 15 and gas flowing though a gas duct 16.
  • a gas valve 17 for adjusting the gas flow through the gas duct 16 and a safety valve 18 are assigned to the gas duct 16. The position of the gas valve 17 is adjusted by a pressure regulator 19.
  • the gas/air mixture having a defined mixing ratio of gas and air is provided to the burner chamber 11 of the gas burner 10.
  • the gas/air mixture is provided by mixing the air flow provided by an air duct 15 with a gas flow provided by a gas duct 16.
  • the air flow and the gas flow become preferably mixed by a mixing device.
  • a mixing device can be designed as a Venturi nozzle (not shown).
  • the quantity of the air flow and thereby the quantity of the gas/air mixture flow is adjusted by the fan 14, namely by the speed of the fan 14.
  • the fan speed can be adjusted by an actuator 22 of the fan 14.
  • the defined mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture is controlled by a controller 20 on basis of a signal provided by an electrical or electronic sensor 23.
  • the electrical or electronic sensor 23 is coupled to the gas duct 16 and to a reference point 24.
  • the electrical or electronic sensor 23 is preferably designed as a flow-meter.
  • An actual value corresponding to a pressure ratio between the gas pressure in the gas duct 16 and the air pressure at the reference point 24 is provided by the electrical or electronic sensor 23. This actual value is compared by the controller 20 with a nominal value stored in the controller 20.
  • the controller 20 generates a control variable for the gas valve 17, namely for an actuator 21 of the gas valve 17, on basis of the control deviation between the actual value provided by the electrical or electronic sensor 23 and the nominal value stored in the controller 20.
  • the gas valve position of the gas valve 17 is adjusted by the actuator 21 of the same on basis of this control variable in order to provide the defined mixing ratio of gas and air in the gas/air mixture.
  • the flames 12 resulting form the combustion of the gas/air mixture are used to heat a heat exchanger 25 positioned in the burner chamber 11.
  • a temperature sensor 26 is used to measure a temperature of the heat exchanger 25, especially a temperature of water flowing through the heat exchanger 25.
  • Exhaust gas resulting from the combustion of the gas/air mixture can exit from the burner chamber 11 though an exhaust pipe 28.
  • An exhaust gas sensor 27 assigned to the exhaust pipe 28 can be used to analyze the emissions of the exhaust gas, especially NOx emissions of the same.
  • the exhaust gas sensor 27 is an optional component of the gas burner 10.
  • the mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture provided to the burner chamber 11 is not kept constant over the modulation range of the gas burner.
  • the mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture provided to the burner chamber 11 is changed as a function on the speed of the fan 14.
  • a gas/air mixture having a mixing ratio of gas and air adapted to provide a stable combustion, especially a stable and secure ignition, of the gas/air mixture.
  • a gas/air mixture having a mixing ratio of gas and air is provided resulting in a combustion with an almost constant output of the flame ionization sensor 13 or alternatively with an almost constant output of the exhaust gas sensor 27.
  • a gas/air mixture having a mixing ratio of gas and air adapted to provide a combustion with reduced emissions.
  • a gas/air mixture having a mixing ratio of gas and air is provided resulting in a combustion with an output of the exhaust gas sensor 27 being smaller that an emission threshold.
  • the mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture is freely adjustable as a function of the fan speed of the fan 14. It is possible to use intermediate thresholds between the upper threshold and the lower threshold in order divide this fan speed range into sub-ranges.
  • a gas/air mixture is provided being leaner than the gas/air mixture which is provided for fan speeds of the fan 14 being larger than the upper threshold.
  • a gas/air mixture is provided being leaner than the gas/air mixture which is provided for fan speeds of the fan 14 being smaller than the lower threshold.
  • a gas/air mixture is provided being preferably leaner than the gas/air mixture of the fan 14 which is provided for fan speeds being larger than the upper threshold.
  • a gas/air mixture is provided being richer than the gas/air mixture of the fan 14 which is provided for fan speeds being larger than the upper threshold. It is also possible that for fan speeds being smaller than the lower thresholds a gas/air mixture is provided having the same mixing ratio of gas and air than the gas/air mixture which is provided for fan speeds being larger than the upper threshold.
  • a 1:1 gas-air control having a ratio between the gas pressure and the air pressure of 1:1 is provided.
  • a 1:N (N>1) gas-air control having a ratio between the gas pressure and the air pressure of 1:N is provided.
  • the second section of the modulation range can be divided into subsections by e.g. intermediate thresholds.
  • the controller 20 As a function of on the fan speed of the fan 14 the controller 20 generates an offset value which becomes added to the nominal value for the signal provided by the electrical or electronic sensor 23.
  • the controller 20 As a function on the fan speed of the fan 14 the controller 20 generates an offset value which becomes added to control variable for a gas valve 17.
  • the respective offset value which is a function of the fan speed and which is stored in the controller 20 is freely programmable as a function of the fan speed.
  • the controller 20 blocks the above variation of the mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture as a function of the speed of the fan 14.
  • the variation of the mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture is only allowed if the heat exchanger temperature measured by the temperature sensor 26 is greater than a temperature threshold. If the temperature of the heat exchanger 25 is below the temperature threshold, the defined mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture is kept constant over the entire modulation range of the gas burner 10 and thereby over the entire fan speed range of the fan 14. However, if the temperature of the heat exchanger 25 is above the temperature threshold, the defined mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture is not kept constant over the modulation range of the gas burner 10. In this case the mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture is variable as a function of the fan speed as discussed above.
  • the variation of the mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture is only allowed if the gas burner 10 has been operated with a defined load for at least a defined time period, especially if the burner load has been greater than a burner load threshold for a time period being greater than a time threshold. If the burner load is below the burner load threshold and/or if the time period is below the time threshold, the defined mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture is kept constant over the entire modulation range of the gas burner 10 and thereby over the entire fan speed range. However, if the burner load is above the burner load threshold and if the time period is above the time threshold the defined mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture is not kept constant over the modulation range of the gas burner 10. In this case the mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture is variable as a function of the fan speed as discussed above.
  • the variation of the mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture is only allowed if the fan speed is stable, namely if the variation of the fan speed is lower than a variation threshold for a time period being greater than a time threshold. If the variation of the fan speed is above the variation threshold and/or if the time period is below the time threshold, the defined mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture is kept constant over the entire modulation range of the gas burner 10 and thereby over the entire fan speed range. However, if the variation of the fan speed is below the variation threshold and if the time period is above the time threshold the defined mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture is not kept constant over the modulation range of the gas burner 10. In this case the mixing ratio of gas and air of the gas/air mixture is variable as a function of the fan speed as discussed above.
  • the controller 20 generates a control variable for the gas valve 17, namely for an actuator 21 of the gas valve 17.
  • the actuator 21 of the gas valve 17 can be a stepper motor.
  • the controller 20 preferably checks the function of the electrical or electronic sensor 23, especially the gain of the electrical or electronic sensor 23.
  • the controller 17 In order to check the function of the electrical or electronic sensor 23, the controller 17 generates an input variable for the actuator 21 by which the actuator 21 and thereby the gas valve 17 become adjusted by a defined degree or amount. If the actuator 21 is a stepper motor, the controller 20 generates an input variable for the stepper motor by which stepper motor is operated over a defined number of steps.
  • the output signal provided by electrical or electronic sensor 23 in response to this operation of the actuator 21 and thereby gas valve 17 is compared by the controller 20 with a nominal output signal expected in response to this operation of the actuator 21. If a deviation between actual output signal of the electrical or electronic sensor 23 and the nominal output signal is greater than a threshold, the controller 20 determines an improper function of the electrical or electronic sensor 23, especially a non tolerable change of the sensor gain of the electrical or electronic sensor 23. If the deviation between actual output signal of the electrical or electronic sensor 23 and the nominal output signal is smaller than the threshold, the controller 20 determines a proper function of the electrical or electronic sensor 23, especially a tolerable change of the sensor gain of the electrical or electronic sensor 23 or no change of the sensor gain.
  • controller 20 determines an improper function of the electrical or electronic sensor 23, especially a non tolerable change of the sensor gain of the electrical or electronic sensor 23, the controller 20 preferably initiates at least one defined action.
  • controller 20 blocks the above variation of the mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture provided to the burner chamber 11 as a function of the speed of the fan 14. Only if the controller 20 determines a proper function of the electrical or electronic sensor 23, the controller 20 will allow the variation of the mixing ratio of the gas/air mixture as a function of the speed of the fan 14.
  • controller 20 In preferred actions initiated by the controller 20 in response to a detected improper function of the electrical or electronic sensor 23 are that the controller 20 generates a service signal indicating that the burner should be inspected by a service person, and/or that the controller 20 performs a calibration for the sensor gain of the electrical or electronic sensor 23, and/or that the controller 20 performs a compensation for the sensor gain shift by a defined offset value, and/or that the gas burner 10 is shut down.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasbrenners (10), wobei während Phasen mit eingeschaltetem Brenner ein Gas/Luft-Gemisch mit einem definierten Mischungsverhältnis von Gas und Luft einer Brennkammer (11) des Gasbrenners (10) bereitgestellt wird, um das Gas/Luft-Gemisch in der Brennkammer (11) zu verbrennen, wobei das Gas/Luftgemisch durch Mischen eines Luftstroms, der durch ein Gebläse (14) angesaugt wird, mit einem Gasstrom bereitgestellt wird, und wobei das definierte Mischungsverhältnis des Gas/Luft-Gemisches durch Vergleichen eines Istwertes eines Signals, das von einem elektrischen oder elektronischen Sensor (23) bereitgestellt wird, der mit einem Gaskanal (16) gekoppelt ist, mit einem Sollwert für das Signal, das von dem elektrischen oder elektronischen Sensor (23) bereitgestellt wird, und durch Erzeugen einer Stellgröße für ein Gasventil (17), das dem Gaskanal (16) zugeordnet ist, auf Basis der Regelabweichung zwischen dem Istwert und dem Sollwert, wobei der Istwert, der von dem elektrischen oder elektronischen Sensor (23) bereitgestellt wird, einem Druckverhältnis zwischen dem Gasdruck in dem Gaskanal (16) und dem Luftdruck an einem Referenzpunkt (24) entspricht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mischungsverhältnis des Gas/LuftGemisches in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl des Gebläses (14) geändert wird, wobei die Variation des Mischungsverhältnisses des Gas/Luft-Gemisches in Abhängigkeit von der Gebläsedrehzahl nur bei definierten Betriebsbedingungen des Gasbrenners (10) zulässig ist, nämlich dann, wenn die Variation der Gebläsedrehzahl für eine Zeitspanne, die größer als eine Zeitschwelle ist, kleiner als eine Variationsschwelle ist, und wobei dann, wenn die definierten Betriebsbedingungen nicht erfüllt sind, die Variation des Mischungsverhältnisses des Gas/Luft-Gemisches in Abhängigkeit von der Gebläsedrehzahl gesperrt wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dann, wenn eine Variation der Gebläsedrehzahl über einer Variationsschwelle liegt und/oder wenn die Zeitspanne unter einer Zeitschwelle liegt, das Mischungsverhältnis von Gas und Luft des Gas/LuftGemisches über den gesamten Modulationsbereich des Gasbrenners (11) konstant gehalten wird, und dann, wenn die Variation der Gebläsedrehzahl unter einer Variationsschwelle liegt und/oder wenn die Zeitspanne über einer Zeitschwelle liegt, das Mischungsverhältnis von Gas und Luft des Gas/LuftGemisches als eine Funktion der Gebläsedrehzahl variabel ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Variation des Mischungsverhältnisses des Gas/Luft-Gemisches als Funktion der Gebläsedrehzahl dann zulässig ist, wenn eine Wärmetauschertemperatur eines Wärmetauschers (25), der innerhalb der Brennkammer (11) angeordnet ist, größer als eine Temperaturschwelle ist, und zwar derart, dass dann, wenn die Temperatur des Wärmetauschers (25) unter der Temperaturschwelle liegt, das Mischungsverhältnis von Gas und Luft des Gas/Luft-Gemisches über den gesamten Modulationsbereich des Gasbrenners (11) konstant gehalten wird und dann, wenn die Temperatur des Wärmetauschers (25) über der Temperaturschwelle liegt, das Mischungsverhältnis von Gas und Luft des Gas/LuftGemisches als eine Funktion der Gebläsedrehzahl variabel ist.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Variation des Mischungsverhältnisses des Gas/Luft-Gemisches als Funktion der Gebläsedrehzahl dann zulässig ist, wenn der Gasbrenner (11) für eine definierte Zeitspanne bei einer definierten Last betrieben wird, und zwar derart, dass dann, wenn die Brennerlast unter einer Brennerlastschwelle liegt und/oder wenn die Zeitspanne unter einer Zeitschwelle liegt, das Mischungsverhältnis von Gas und Luft des Gas/Luft-Gemisches über den gesamten Modulationsbereich des Gasbrenners (11) konstant gehalten wird, und dann, wenn die Brennerlast über einer Brennerlastschwelle liegt und/oder wenn die Zeitspanne über einer Zeitschwelle liegt, das Mischungsverhältnis von Gas und Luft des Gas/LuftGemisches als eine Funktion der Gebläsedrehzahl variabel ist.
EP12176353.6A 2012-07-13 2012-07-13 Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Gasbrenners Active EP2685168B1 (de)

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EP2685168B1 true EP2685168B1 (de) 2015-10-14

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3039260B1 (fr) * 2015-07-23 2017-08-25 Bosch Gmbh Robert Procede de gestion d'une chaudiere a condensation et chadiere pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
EP3228936B1 (de) * 2016-04-07 2020-06-03 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Verfahren zum betrieb eines gasbrennergeräts
WO2023046466A1 (en) 2021-09-24 2023-03-30 Pittway Sarl Method and controller for operating a gas burner appliance

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1179159B1 (de) * 1999-05-14 2004-11-24 Honeywell B.V. Regeleinrichtung für gasbrenner
DE102004055716A1 (de) * 2004-06-23 2006-01-12 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung und Steuerung einer Feuerungseinrichtung und Feuerungseinrichtung

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ATE189301T1 (de) * 1995-10-25 2000-02-15 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und schaltung zur regelung eines gasbrenners
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EP1522790B1 (de) * 2003-10-08 2011-11-23 Vaillant GmbH Verfahren zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners, insbesondere bei Heizungsanlagen mit Gebläse
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EP1179159B1 (de) * 1999-05-14 2004-11-24 Honeywell B.V. Regeleinrichtung für gasbrenner
DE102004055716A1 (de) * 2004-06-23 2006-01-12 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung und Steuerung einer Feuerungseinrichtung und Feuerungseinrichtung

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