EP2829661B1 - Ground and rock anchor - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an earth anchor and rock anchor, comprising a longitudinally stable flexible tension member, an anchoring part in which the tension member is fixed with the one end portion, and an anchor head means in which the tension member is held with the other end portion, which anchoring part thereto is intended to be introduced into an earth or rock hole and anchored there.

Such earth and rock anchors are used in particular to stabilize slopes and rock walls by the forces to be absorbed by the anchoring part in the surface region of the earth and rock masses to be stabilized are introduced into deeper stable soil layers. To transfer these forces from the anchoring part in the deeper soil layers is a tension element, which is usually formed of a rod or wire strands, which are anchored in the deeper soil layers. For this purpose, these rods or strands are fixed via a mortar mass initiated in the corresponding wellbore. The tensioning element can be tensioned via the anchor head device, and the surface soil or masses of rock can be stabilized by means of an anchoring plate on which a longarine is supported.

Such an earth and rock anchor is for example from the publication CH 701 928 B1 known.

Such earth and rock anchors should be used permanently, which means that the corresponding components of the earth and rock anchors must be protected against corrosion in particular. For this purpose, a variety of methods are known, for example, the tension element can be used in a plastic sheath, the tension elements can also be accommodated in plastic pipes, which are filled with grease, for example.

The production of such corrosion-protected earth and rock anchors is relatively complex, in particular, it is also necessary that such Erd- and rock anchors must be checked in the installed state to determine can determine whether corrosion has begun, which can have a very negative effect on the strength of such earth and rock anchors.

Such control operations are carried out for example in a known manner by resistance measurements, which is also expensive.

The object of the present invention is now to provide an earth anchor and rock anchor, which is easy to manufacture, and in which in particular the anchoring in the well and also on the anchoring part can be done in an optimal manner.

According to the invention, the solution of this object is achieved in that the longitudinally stable flexible tension member at least at one end portion which is fixed in the anchoring part, at least one first loop, and that the anchoring part is a substantially prismatic or cylindrical longitudinal body, which is formed by a curable composition of which the at least one first loop of the longitudinally stable flexible tension element is enclosed.

The anchoring part with at least one first loop of the longitudinally stable flexible tension element fixed therein is prefabricated, so that it is ensured that the fixation of this loop in the anchoring part is optimal. This longitudinal body formed of a hardenable mass with the fixed tension element is inserted into the borehole, by initiating a further hardenable mass in the borehole, the longitudinal body is anchored and held in an optimal manner in the borehole bottom.

Advantageously, the longitudinally stable flexible tension element is formed of a fiber-reinforced plastic, preferably carbon fiber reinforced plastic, whereby corrosion can be excluded. Such a tension element also has the advantage that it is flexible, the flexible tension element can be rolled up, for example, for transporting the earth and rock anchors, which has a space saving the length expansion of such rock anchors result. Due to the possibility of rolling up or bending over the longitudinally stable flexible tension element, the space required in front of the borehole during insertion of the ground anchor and rock anchor is low.

Advantageously, the longitudinally stable flexible tension element consists of several layers, wherein in one end region, which is fixed in the anchoring part, each layer or a bundle of layers each forms a separate first loop, which separate first loops each have different lengths. This results in a gradual fixation of this tension element in the anchoring part, whereby the anchoring and the power consumption is substantially improved.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the hardenable mass, from which the anchoring part is formed, is a mortar-like mass. This mortar-like mass can be poured into a mold in which the one end portion of the flexible tension element is inserted, whereby a firm connection between mortar-like mass after curing and the first loops of the flexible tension element is ensured.

Advantageously, the surface of the anchoring part is provided with structures which can be provided in the mold in which the anchoring part is made and in which the first loops are molded, whereby between the surface of the anchoring part and the hardenable mass initiated in the borehole an optimal connection is created.

Advantageously, the structures consist of ribs projecting over the surface of the anchoring part, which are aligned substantially transversely to the direction of pull of the force acting on the tensioning element and on the anchoring part, which results in optimum fixation.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the anchoring part is enclosed at least over portions of its length with clamping rings. By means of these clamping rings it is avoided that the longitudinal body hardened from a mortar-like mass can break out in these areas.

Advantageously, a clamping ring is arranged in the entry region of the tension element in the anchoring part, since in this area the power consumption is very large.

Advantageously, these clamping rings are each arranged in the region of the ends of the first loops of the tension element in the anchoring part, since in these areas the risk of breakout is greatest.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the other end region of the tension element is designed as a second loop. The tension element can thus be produced as an endless loop, which has a positive effect on their strength.

In an advantageous manner, a bolt arranged transversely to the direction of pull is provided in the anchor head device, the second loop of the tension element can be laid in a simple manner via this bolt, the holding of the tension element in the anchor head device is optimal.

The bolt is mounted in a tensioning device which is arranged in the anchor head device, whereby the tension element can be clamped more or less simply by displacing the bolt.

An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

• Figur 1 in räumlicher Darstellung ein Zugelement eines Erd- und Felsankers, eingesetzt in den Verankerungsteil;
• Figur 2 in räumlicher Darstellung das Zugelement mit mehreren ersten Schlaufen und der zweiten Schlaufe;
• Figur 3 eine Schnittdarstellung durch den Verankerungsteil mit eingesetztem Zugelement und Spannringen entlang Linie III-III gemäss Figur 5;
• Figur 4 eine Schnittdarstellung durch den Verankerungsteil mit eingesetztem Zugelement und Spannringen entlang Linie IV-IV gemäss Figur 5;
• Figur 5 eine Schnittdarstellung durch den Verankerungsteil mit eingesetztem Zugelement entlang Linie V-V gemäss Figur 4;
• Figur 6 die Darstellung eines erfindungsgemässen Erd- und Felsankers im in den Untergrund eingesetzten Zustand;
• Figur 7 eine Schnittdarstellung des erfindungsgemässen Erd- und Felsankers, im in den Untergrund eingesetzten Zustand;
• Figur 8 eine Schnittdarstellung einer Ankerkopfeinrichtung im eingesetzten Zustand; und
• Figur 9 den Verankerungsteil mit eingesetzten Zugelement im in den Untergrund eingesetzten Zustand.

It shows:

• FIG. 1 in a spatial representation of a tension element of a Erd- and rock anchor, inserted into the anchoring part;
• FIG. 2 in a spatial representation of the tension element with a plurality of first loops and the second loop;
• FIG. 3 a sectional view through the anchoring part with inserted tension element and clamping rings along line III-III according to FIG. 5 ;
• FIG. 4 a sectional view through the anchoring part with inserted tension element and clamping rings along line IV-IV according to FIG. 5 ;
• FIG. 5 a sectional view through the anchoring part with inserted tension element along line VV according FIG. 4 ;
• FIG. 6 the representation of an inventive earth and rock anchor in the state used in the underground state;
• FIG. 7 a sectional view of the inventive Erd- and rock anchor, in the state used in the underground state;
• FIG. 8 a sectional view of an anchor head device in the inserted state; and
• FIG. 9 the anchoring part with inserted tension element inserted in the ground state.

Out FIG. 1 is a longitudinally stable flexible tension element 1 with the anchoring part 2 of a Erd- and rock anchor 3 can be seen. The one end region 4 of this tension element 1 is fixed in the anchoring part 2. The anchoring part 2 consists of a hardenable mass, in particular a mortar-like mass, the connection between anchoring part 2 and tension element 1 is achieved in that one end portion 4 of the tension element 1 is inserted into a mold or form, which form or formwork by the hardenable mass is poured out. After hardening of this mass, the mold or shell can be removed to obtain an anchoring part 2, in which the one end portion 4 of the tension element is optimally fixed and held. This anchoring part 2 is formed in the present embodiment by a longitudinal body 8, which has a cylindrical shape. Of course it would also be conceivable to give this longitudinal body 8 a prismatic or another suitable shape. Here, the one end portion 4 of the tension element 1 is formed as a first loop 5; as will be described later, the tension member 1 may have a plurality of first loops 5.

The other end portion 6 of the tension member 1 is formed as a second loop 7, which can be secured in an anchor head device, not shown, as will be described later.

In FIG. 2 the longitudinal stable flexible tension element 1 is shown. This tension element 1 is formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic, preferably from a carbon fiber reinforced plastic, but also glass fiber reinforced plastics or other suitable reinforced Kunsstoffe are conceivable. For the production of this tension element 1 several layers of carbon fiber reinforced plastic can be used, each of these layers or a bundle of layers forms an endless loop. The innermost layer or bundle of layers forms the first loop 5 ', the second or middle layer or bundle of layers forms the first loop 5 ", the outermost layer or bundle of layers forms the first loop 5"', this three first loops 5 ', 5 "and 5"' have different lengths. In the region of the second loop 7, all these layers are formed on one another, so that a single second loop 7 is formed. In the middle region of the tension element 1, all layers which form the loops are arranged one above the other, each of these layers forms a band, in the middle region 9, therefore, the tension element 1 consists of several superimposed bands. These bands can be laminated over the entire length, they can also be laminated only in areas alternately. Of course, a different number of layers and loops can be selected, depending on the type of use of earth and rock anchors. The layers can also be arranged one above the other and / or next to each other, so that juxtaposed loops of different lengths are conceivable. Large lengths of loops may additionally be provided with constrictions.

From the FIGS. 3 and 4 the longitudinal body 8 can be seen, which forms the anchoring part 2. Especially FIG. 4 shows the first loops 5 ', 5 "and 5"', as they are incorporated in the cured mass forming the longitudinal body 8. By this arrangement of the first loops 5 ', 5 "and 5"' an optimal fixation in the longitudinal body 8 is obtained, which is formed by the mortar-like mass. Usually, a known, high-strength mortar-like mass is used. This mortar-like mass can be added to their additional reinforcement in a known manner or fiber material.

Like also from the FIGS. 3 and 4 it can be seen, the surface 10 of the longitudinal body 8 forming the anchoring part 2 is provided with structures 11 projecting over the surface 10. In the embodiment shown here, these structures 11 are formed as ribs 12, which are aligned substantially transversely to the pulling direction of the force acting on the tension element 1, and for example, as a spirally encircling ribs 12 may be formed. These structures 11 or ribs 12 are incorporated into the surface of the casting mold, while the longitudinal body 8 is produced by the casting process, they are imaged on the surface 10 of the longitudinal body.

In the region of the ends of the first loops 5 ', 5 "and 5"' and in the entry region of the tension element 1 in the anchoring part 2, the longitudinal body 8 is enclosed in each case with a clamping ring 13, as will be described in detail later. These clamping rings 13 are used to reinforce the longitudinal body 8 in particular in the inlet region of the tension element 1 in the anchoring part 2 and in the region of the first loops 5 ', 5 "and 5"'. In these areas, the risk of breaking out of the mortar-like mass is thereby minimized when loading the earth and rock anchors.

Out FIG. 5 is a cross section through the longitudinal body 8, which forms the anchoring part 2, can be seen. In this consisting of the mortar mass longitudinal body 8 is a first loop 5 'or 5 "or 5"' embedded. To the longitudinal body 8 is in the region of the loop ends, as previously described, in each case a clamping ring 13 is inserted. This Clamping ring 13, which may also consist of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic surrounds the longitudinal body 8 in the region of the first loops 5 ', 5 "and 5"', in these areas the breaking of the mortar-like mass is suppressed, which serves to reinforce the anchoring part 2. Out FIG. 5 are also the ribs 12 can be seen, which are above the surface 10 of the longitudinal body 8 above.

From the FIGS. 6 and 7 the earth anchor and rock anchor 3 according to the invention can be seen in the condition used in the substrate 14 to be stabilized. For this purpose, the one end portion 4 is introduced with the anchoring part 2 of the tension element 1 in a mounted in the ground 14 bore 15. For insertion aids can be used in a known manner, such as rods for inserting the longitudinal body 8 in the bore 15. After the exact positioning of the anchoring part 2 in the bore 15 can in a known manner in the cavity around the anchoring part 2 and the wall of the bore 15 a curable composition are initiated, after curing of this filling material, an optimal connection between anchoring part 2 and substrate 14 is achieved.

The other end portion 6 of the earth and rock anchor 3, which is designed as a second loop 7, is fastened in an anchor head device 16 which, as will be seen later, is designed as a tensioning device. Such an earth and rock anchor 3 used can have lengths of up to 70 meters or more. With such lengths, it may be appropriate to subdivide the tension element 1 into several sections and to connect them via coupling means, which simplifies handling. The longitudinal body 8 can easily have a length of 6 meters, whereby an optimal anchoring in the bore 15 of the substrate to be stabilized 14 can be achieved.

Out FIG. 8 is the anchor head device 16 can be seen, with which the other end portion 6 of the tension element 1 of the earth and rock anchor 3 is held. The anchor head device 16 consists of a mounting bracket 17 which is provided with two longitudinal slots 18. Inserted in these longitudinal slots 18 is a bolt 19. About this pin 19 is the second loop. 7 of the tension element 1 placed. The bolt 19 can be tensioned together with the second loop 7 of the tension element 1 in the direction of the longitudinal slots 18. For this purpose, clamping screws 20 are provided, which are screwed into the bolt 19, and which are supported on the support bracket 17. As a result, the tension element 1 can be clamped in a simple manner to the desired clamping force. The support bracket 17 is supported on a correspondingly shaped, inclinations receiving long arms 21, this support plate is placed on another plate 22, which may for example consist of concrete, and over which the substrate is stabilized in the surface region. The anchor head device 16 is protected in a known, not shown manner against corrosion.

FIG. 9 again shows the one end 4 with the longitudinal body 8 of the Erd- and rock anchor 3 and anchored in the ground anchoring part 2. The guided through the bore 15 tension element 1 can be kept free, it is also conceivable, the bore with a corresponding hardenable mass up fill.

Such Erd- and rock anchors can be produced in a simple manner, the introduction of force through the anchoring part in the substrate to be stabilized is optimal, the tension element is not subject to corrosion, thus can be dispensed with appropriate controls. Such earth and rock anchors can be used in a simple manner in the ground, they can also be easily transported because the tension element is flexible and can be wound up, whereby a large space savings is achieved. In addition, the tension element is characterized by a very low weight. The tension member can be dimensioned accordingly by the band may be wider and / or thicker, depending on which forces must be absorbed.

Claims (13)

1. Ground and rock anchor, comprising a longitudinally stable, flexible tensile member (1), an anchorage part (2), in which the tensile member (1) is fixed by the one end region (4), and an anchor head device (16), in which the tensile member (1) is held by the other end region (6), which anchorage part (2) is designed to be introduced into a drilled hole (15) in the ground or rock and anchored therein, characterised in that the longitudinally stable, flexible tensile member (1) comprises at least one first loop (5', 5", 5"') at least at the one end region (4) which is fixed in the anchorage part (2), and in that the anchorage part (2) is a substantially prismatic or cylindrical longitudinal body (8), which is formed of a hardenable composition, by which the at least one first loop (5', 5", 5"') of the longitudinally stable, flexible tensile member (1) is surrounded.
2. Ground and rock anchor according to claim 1, characterised in that the longitudinally stable, flexible tensile member (1) is made from a fibre reinforced plastics material.
3. Ground and rock anchor according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the longitudinally stable, flexible tensile member (1) consists of a plurality of layers, wherein in the one end region (4), which is fixed in the anchorage part (2), each layer or a bundle of layers in each case forms a separate first loop (5'; 5"; 5"'), which separate first loops (5'; 5"; 5"') each have different lengths.
4. Ground and rock anchor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the hardenable composition from which the anchorage part (2) is made is a mortar-type composition.
5. Ground and rock anchor according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the surface (10) of the anchorage part (2) is provided with structures (11).
6. Ground and rock anchor according to claim 5, characterised in that the structures (11) consist of ribs (12) projecting above the surface (10) of the anchorage part (2), which ribs are oriented substantially transversely to the direction of pull of the force acting on the tensile member (1) and on the anchorage part (2).
7. Ground and rock anchor according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the anchorage part (2) is surrounded by tension rings (13) at least over sub-regions of its length.
8. Ground and rock anchor according to claim 7, characterised in that in the entry region of the tensile member (1) a tension ring (13) is disposed in the anchorage part (2).
9. Ground and rock anchor according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the tension rings (13) are each arranged in the region of the ends of the first loops (5'; 5"; 5"') of the tensile member (1) in the anchorage part (2).
10. Ground and rock anchor according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the other end region (6) of the tensile member (1) is designed as second loop (7).
11. Ground and rock anchor according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that a bolt (19) arranged transversely to the direction of pull is provided in the anchor head device (16).
12. Ground and rock anchor according to claim 11, characterised in that the second loop (7) is placed over the bolt (19).
13. Ground and rock anchor according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the bolt (19) is mounted in a tensioning device, which is disposed in the anchor head device (16).

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