EP2829325B1 - Brecher und seine Verwendung - Google Patents

Brecher und seine Verwendung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2829325B1
EP2829325B1 EP14167308.7A EP14167308A EP2829325B1 EP 2829325 B1 EP2829325 B1 EP 2829325B1 EP 14167308 A EP14167308 A EP 14167308A EP 2829325 B1 EP2829325 B1 EP 2829325B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crusher
vessel
crushing
crusher according
comminuting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14167308.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2829325A3 (de
EP2829325A2 (de
Inventor
Henrik Kjeldgaard Hansen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
XERGI AS
Original Assignee
XERGI AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DK201370256A external-priority patent/DK177721B1/en
Application filed by XERGI AS filed Critical XERGI AS
Publication of EP2829325A2 publication Critical patent/EP2829325A2/de
Publication of EP2829325A3 publication Critical patent/EP2829325A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2829325B1 publication Critical patent/EP2829325B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B02C13/16—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters hinged to the rotor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/286—Feeding or discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
    • B02C2013/2816—Shape or construction of beater elements of chain, rope or cable type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/286—Feeding or discharge
    • B02C2013/28609—Discharge means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/286—Feeding or discharge
    • B02C2013/28618—Feeding means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/286—Feeding or discharge
    • B02C2013/2869—Arrangements of feed and discharge means in relation to each other

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a crusher in particular for comminution of organic material.
  • Crushers that may be used for comminution of organic material as well as for other types of material are known in the prior art from European patent application EP 1 479 441 A2 or DE 19903526 , where a horizontally rotating crushing tool comprising a number of chains extending out from a central hub is applied to comminution of material in a batch process, where the material is loaded into the vessel containing the crushing tool and then processed for a time period, where after a door is opened in the side wall of the vessel and the processed material is removed from the vessel by the action of the chains.
  • a different crusher is disclosed in US patent No. 5,697,563 where a number of scrapers are arranged at the horizontal bottom wall of the comminution vessel to rotate and cause the crushed material to be pushed outside of the vessel through an opening in the side wall of the vessel, thus allowing a continuous operation of the crusher.
  • a crusher for comminuting material comprising a comminuting vessel with an inner vertical side wall, a drive shaft extending substantially vertically and centrally within said comminuting vessel, a crushing tool arranged on said drive shaft within the comminuting vessel to rotate with the drive shaft, the crushing tool comprising at least one flexible, elongated crushing element having a free end, the crusher furthermore comprising crusher drive means arranged to drive the rotation of said drive shaft, the comminuting vessel having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, wherein the outlet opening of the comminuting vessel is situated in the cylindrical wall of the comminuting vessel at the horizontal level of said at least one crushing element, wherein the free end of the at least one crushing element extends out through the outlet opening during operation of the crusher when the drive means drives the rotation of the drive shaft and the crushing tool.
  • the outlet opening i.e. the area defined by the edges of the opening in the inner walls of the vessel, and the elongated crushing element so that the end of the at least one element during rotation of the crushing tool will extend out through the opening, i.e. will pass the opening when the tool rotates, it is ensured that the processed material is removed from the vessel by the crushing elements themselves without the need for a particular arrangement for that purpose, and the material is prevented from accidentally blocking the outlet and halting the operation of crusher, which in particular organic material that has been comminuted to a small particle size has a tendency to do.
  • a simple crusher is obtained that is suited for continuous operation and processing of organic material.
  • the crusher further comprising a conveyor device arranged for conveying processed material away from the outlet opening, wherein the conveyor device comprising a conveying means and a conveyor drive means for driving the conveying means.
  • the conveyor drive means is preferably arranged with an adjustable speed so as to control the flow rate of processed material out through the outlet opening.
  • the conveying means comprises preferably a conveyor screw, in particular a centerless conveyor screw.
  • a conveyor screw in particular a centerless conveyor screw.
  • other conveying means such as a flighted belt conveyor could be applied alternatively.
  • the inner wall of the comminuting vessel is of a substantially cylindrical cross-section at least at the vertical level of the rotating crushing tool.
  • the crushing tool comprises preferably at least two flexible, elongated crushing elements each having a free end which extends out through the outlet opening during operation of the crusher when the drive means drives the rotation of the drive shaft and the crushing tool, and the crushing elements of the crushing tool are preferably arranged in balance around the drive shaft.
  • the crushing tool may comprise more crushing elements and the crushing elements may be arranged in a plurality of vertical levels.
  • the crushing element or elements are flexible and may be formed e.g. of steel wire ropes with a hammer element at the free end thereof. However, it is preferred that the crushing element or elements are formed of chains which are very wear resistant.
  • the comminuting vessel may in a preferred embodiment further comprise a bottom wall immediately below the horizontal plane of the crushing tool, in particular a substantially horizontal bottom wall that is parallel with the rotational plane of the crushing tool.
  • the outlet opening is preferably formed in said bottom wall as well as in said side wall so that the outlet opening extends from the side wall into the bottom wall and the free end or ends of the crushing elements during rotation of the crushing tool will pass vertically above the part of the outlet opening defined in the bottom wall, whereby the gravitational pull will assist in removing the processed material from the comminuting vessel.
  • the crusher preferably also comprises a driven feeding device for feeding material into the inlet opening so that the feeding of material may be controlled.
  • the crusher may preferably further comprise control means arranged to receive an input relating to the power consumption of the crusher drive means during operation of the crusher and to control the operation of said feeding device in response to the input.
  • the crusher is suited for being operated in a continuous mode, where the control means of the crusher monitors the power consumption of the motor driving the crushing tool and controls the operation of the material feeding device.
  • the power consumption of the motor decreases when the material contained within the vessel is processed to a finer size and the feeding device may is in response to a lowering of the power consumption be activated by the control means to increase the feeding of material into the vessel in order to maintain the power consumption of the motor and thus the processing rate of the crusher substantially constant.
  • the partly comminuted mass tend to become sticky and may form an annulus sticking to the wall on the inside of the comminuting vessel right above the rotating crushing tool. At intervals, parts of this annulus breaks free and interacts with the crushing tool, causing an excessive load on the crusher drive means and a non-continuous flow of comminuted material out through the outlet opening, both consequences of the formation of the annulus being disadvantageous.
  • the crusher further comprises a liquid supplying device for supplying liquid into the comminuting vessel during operation of the crusher.
  • the liquid supplying device may comprise one or more nozzles as well as piping to connect the nozzle(s) to an arrangement for providing the liquid under pressure, e.g. comprising a pump and a reservoir.
  • the liquid may be water, such as waste water used for cleaning of the crusher and other equipment, or it may in a preferred embodiment be liquid farm slurry.
  • the amount of liquid supplied into the comminuting vessel during operation of the crusher may in a preferred embodiment be controlled by control means in response to the feeding of material into the inlet opening.
  • the crusher may for that purpose comprise feeding measuring means for determining the amount of material fed into the inlet opening and providing an output accordingly to the control means for controlling the supply of liquid, the feeding measuring means being such as weighing means for determining the weight of the material fed into the inlet opening e.g. by means of the driven feeding device.
  • the present invention relates in a second aspect of the invention to a crusher for comminuting material, in particular organic material, comprising a comminuting vessel with an inner vertical side wall, a drive shaft extending substantially vertically and centrally within said comminuting vessel, a crushing tool arranged on said drive shaft within the comminuting vessel to rotate with the drive shaft, the crushing tool comprising at least one flexible, elongated crushing element having a free end, the crusher furthermore comprising crusher drive means arranged to drive the rotation of said drive shaft, the comminuting vessel having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, the outlet opening being situated in the cylindrical wall of the comminuting vessel at the horizontal level of said at least one crushing element, wherein the crusher further comprises a liquid supplying device for supplying liquid into the comminuting vessel during operation of the crusher.
  • the crusher according to this second aspect of the present invention may comprise one or more of the optional features of the crusher according to the first mentioned aspect of the invention as discussed herein.
  • the present invention further relates to the use of a crusher as described herein for the comminuting of material in a continuous process, in particular where the material is organic material.
  • the comminution of organic material is in particular in use for organic material that is further processed in a plant for biological decomposition of the organic material for the production of biogas as the finer size of the material allows for a faster and more uniform biological decomposition and the present crusher is preferably used for such purpose.
  • the embodiment of the crusher 1 shown in the accompanying drawing is primarily intended for comminution of organic material such as animal excrements mixed with straw, organic industrial waste or food waste so that it is better suited for being fed to a biogas plant, also known as a biogas digester.
  • the crusher 1 comprises a comminution vessel 2 having an inner vertical wall 3 of a cylindrical cross-section with a funnel 4 at the top of the vessel 2 which constitutes an inlet of the comminution vessel 2.
  • a feeding device (not shown) may be provided as part of the crusher 1 for controlled feeding of material into the vessel 2 through the funnel 4.
  • a vertical drive shaft 5 extends through the horizontal bottom wall 6 of the vessel 2 and carries a crushing tool 7 comprising a hub 8 rigidly connected to the drive shaft 5 and two chains 9 extending on opposing sides of the hub 8.
  • Each chain 9 is at one end 10 fastened to the hub 8 and has an opposing free end 11 carrying an end link 12 of the chain 9 acting as a hammer.
  • An electric motor 13 is a drive means for the crushing tool 7 and is connected to the drive shaft 5 by means of a belt drive 14.
  • the crushing tool 7 is arranged right above the bottom wall 6 so that the chains 9 during operation of the crusher 1 will rotates parallel to and immediately above the bottom wall 6.
  • the comminution vessel 2 has an outlet opening 15 formed in the bottom part of the side wall 3 of the vessel 2 as well as in the bottom wall 6 and the outlet opening 15 is formed so that the free ends 11 of the chains 9 under operation of the crusher 1 will extend out through the outlet opening 15, i.e. the outer part of the end links 12 of the chains 9 will pass out through the opening area defined by the of the edges of the outlet opening 15 in the inner walls 3, 6 of the comminution vessel 2 when the electric motor 13 drives the crushing tool 7 to rotate during operation of the crusher 1.
  • the outlet opening 15 extends horizontally along an angle range of the inner wall 3 of the vessel 2 and in the vertical direction in a height sufficient to accommodate the passing of the free ends 11 of the chains 9.
  • a centerless conveyor screw 16 arranged in a cylindrical housing 17 is arranged outside the outlet opening 15 of the comminution vessel 2 of the crusher 1 to convey the processed material away from the outlet opening 15.
  • the conveyor screw 16 is driven by means of an electrical motor 18 with a variable speed which may be adjusted to control the flow rate of processed material out from the comminution vessel 2 and thus the degree of processing of the material.
  • the crusher 1 is suited for being operated in a continuous mode, where a control unit (not shown) of the crusher 1 monitors the power consumption of the electrical motor 13 driving the crushing tool 7 and controls the operation of the material feeding device (not shown).
  • the power consumption of the motor 13 is decreasing when the material contained within the vessel 2 is processed to a finer size and the feeding device is in response to a lowering of the power consumption activated to increase the feeding of material into the vessel 2 through the inlet opening 4 thereof in order to maintain the power consumption of the motor 13 and thus the processing rate of the crusher 2 substantially constant.
  • the operation of the crusher 1 to produce an output of material that has been comminuted to a suitable degree may be continuous by the fact that has been realised by the inventor of the present invention, that the material of the finest size has a tendency to move to the lowest part of the comminution vessel 2 where the free ends 11 of the chains 9 during rotation will force the material out through the outlet opening 15, and the fact that these free ends 11 extend out through the inner opening area of the outlet opening 15 ensures that the flow of material out through the outlet opening 15 is continuous and that the opening 15 will not be blocked by the material.
  • the crusher furthermore comprises nozzles (not shown) for adding a liquid, preferably farm slurry to the interior of the comminuting vessel 2 in order to prevent the formation of an annulus of sticky, partly comminuted organic material, which may happen during comminution of some types of material, in particular when such material as livestock bedding is fed into the crusher.
  • the amount of liquid added to the vessel 2 may preferably be controlled parallel to the feeding device for feeding the organic material into the inlet opening of the comminution vessel 2 so that the amount of liquid matches the amount of material fed by the feeding device.
  • the feeding device may comprise weighting means for determining the weight of the material fed into the vessel and the control means may then control the supply of liquid in response to said weight of material fed to the vessel 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung (1) zum Zerkleinern von Material, insbesondere von organischem Material, Folgendes umfassend:
    einen Zerkleinerungsbehälter (2) mit einer inneren vertikalen Seitenwand (3),
    eine Antriebswelle (5), die sich im Wesentlichen vertikal und mittig innerhalb des Zerkleinerungsbehälters erstreckt,
    ein Zerkleinerungswerkzeug (7), das auf der Antriebswelle innerhalb des Zerkleinerungsbehälters angeordnet ist, um mit der Antriebswelle zu rotieren, wobei das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug wenigstens ein biegsames langgestrecktes Zerkleinerungselement (9) umfasst, das ein freies Ende (11) hat,
    wobei die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung außerdem Antriebsmittel (13, 14) für die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung umfasst, die dafür eingerichtet sind, die Rotation der Antriebswelle anzutreiben,
    wobei der Zerkleinerungsbehälter eine Einlassöffnung (4) und eine Auslassöffnung (15) hat,
    wobei die Auslassöffnung des Zerkleinerungsbehälters sich in der zylindrischen Wand des Zerkleinerungsbehälters auf der horizontalen Ebene des wenigstens einen Zerkleinerungselements befindet,
    wobei das freie Ende des wenigstens einen Zerkleinerungselements sich während des Betriebs der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, wenn die Antriebsmittel die Rotation der Antriebswelle und des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs antreiben, durch die Auslassöffnung nach draußen erstreckt.
  2. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, die außerdem eine Fördervorrichtung (16, 17, 18) umfasst, die dafür eingerichtet ist, verarbeitetes Material von der Auslassöffnung abzutransportieren, wobei die Fördervorrichtung ein Fördermittel (16) und eine Förderantriebsmittel (18) zum Antreiben des Fördermittels umfasst.
  3. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Fördermittel eine Förderschnecke umfasst und insbesondere eine Centerless-Förderschnecke.
  4. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die innere Wand des Zerkleinerungsbehälters einen im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Querschnitt hat.
  5. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Zerkleinerungswerkzeug wenigstens zwei biegsame, langgestreckte Zerkleinerungselemente umfasst, von denen jedes ein freies Ende hat, das sich während des Betriebs der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, wenn die Antriebsmittel die Rotation der Antriebswelle und des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs antreiben, durch die Auslassöffnung nach draußen erstreckt.
  6. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Zerkleinerungselemente des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs um die Antriebswelle herum gewuchtet angeordnet sind.
  7. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das oder die Zerkleinerungselemente aus Ketten gebildet sind.
  8. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Zerkleinerungsbehälter außerdem eine Bodenwand (6) unmittelbar unterhalb der horizontalen Ebene des Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs umfasst.
  9. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Bodenwand im Wesentlichen horizontal ist.
  10. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, wobei die Auslassöffnung in der Bodenwand sowie in der Seitenwand ausgebildet ist.
  11. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die außerdem eine angetriebene Zuführungsvorrichtung zum Zuführen von Material in die Einlassöffnung umfasst.
  12. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, die außerdem Steuerungsmittel umfasst, die dafür eingerichtet sind, eine Eingabe zu empfangen, die die Leistungsaufnahme des Antriebsmittels für die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung während des Betriebs der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung betrifft, und in Abhängigkeit von der Eingabe den Betrieb der Zuführungsvorrichtung zu steuern.
  13. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die außerdem eine Vorrichtung zur Flüssigkeitszufuhr umfasst, um während des Betriebs der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung (1) Flüssigkeit in den Zerkleinerungsbehälter (2) hinein zuzuführen.
  14. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, wobei die Menge an Flüssigkeit, die während des Betriebs der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung (1) in den Zerkleinerungsbehälter (2) zugeführt wird, durch Steuerungsmittel in Abhängigkeit von der Zuführung von Material in die Einlassöffnung (4) gesteuert wird.
  15. Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, die ein Zufuhrmessmittel umfasst, um die Menge an Material zu bestimmen, die in die Einlassöffnung (4) zugeführt wird, und zur Steuerung der Flüssigkeitszufuhr eine entsprechende Ausgabe an die Steuerungsmittel zu leiten.
EP14167308.7A 2013-05-07 2014-05-07 Brecher und seine Verwendung Not-in-force EP2829325B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK201370256A DK177721B1 (en) 2013-05-07 2013-05-07 Crusher and use thereof
DKPA201370396 2013-07-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2829325A2 EP2829325A2 (de) 2015-01-28
EP2829325A3 EP2829325A3 (de) 2015-06-03
EP2829325B1 true EP2829325B1 (de) 2016-06-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14167308.7A Not-in-force EP2829325B1 (de) 2013-05-07 2014-05-07 Brecher und seine Verwendung

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EP (1) EP2829325B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107470006A (zh) * 2017-09-07 2017-12-15 袁福德 一种可分类筛选板栗研磨设备

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT522020B1 (de) * 2018-12-20 2022-06-15 Technik Man Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Feststoffen

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19903526B4 (de) * 1999-01-29 2018-04-12 Andritz Mewa Gmbh Separationseinrichtung für aus unterschiedlichen Stoffen zusammengesetzte Produkte
AT407970B (de) * 1999-06-02 2001-07-25 Bacher Helmut Vorrichtung und verfahren zum aufbereiten von, insbesondere thermoplastischem, kunststoffmaterial
DE102006006096A1 (de) * 2006-02-10 2007-08-16 Altenburger Maschinen Jäckering GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Einspeisung von feuchten und/oder klebrigen Produkten, insbesondere Zellulose, in einer Luftwirbelmühle

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107470006A (zh) * 2017-09-07 2017-12-15 袁福德 一种可分类筛选板栗研磨设备

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Publication number Publication date
EP2829325A3 (de) 2015-06-03
EP2829325A2 (de) 2015-01-28

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